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Teamwork
3 maart 2010
Josje van Beusekom
Anne Heikamp
Marloes van Put
Irma van Roest
3 maart 2010
“No one can whistle a symphony. It takes an orchestra to play it”
“Teamwork is less me and more we”
“Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins championships”
“No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent”
“Wearing the same shirts doesn’t make you a team”
What is a team?
3 maart 2010
"a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable."
Teamwork vs. working in groups
3 maart 2010
Collaboration
Responsibility
Common language and interest
van Knippenberg et al. 2004
Team development
3 maart 2010
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Tuckman, 1965
Diversity in backgrounds
3 maart 2010
Educational backgroundCultureEnvironmentTechnical or Functional ExpertiseProblem-Solving and Decision-Making SkillsInterpersonal SkillsCharacterEmotional intelligenceLife experienceWorking experienceExisting relationships with other members
How to work in a team consisting of people with different backgrounds?
3 maart 2010
What’s up today?
3 maart 2010
Cultural differences
Break
Education and Experience
Break
Relationships
What did we talk about?
Cultural differences
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
How to work in a team with cultural differences?
How to work in a team with cultural differences?
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
Create your own team culture
Schneider and Barsoux (1997), Managing Across Cultures
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
How much time for social activities?
How can we ensure participation of all members?
To what extent are some members given more credibility than others?
Does it appear that the input of some members is being ignored?
Who listens to whom?
Who interrupts who?
How and when to evaluate performance?
How direct can feedback be?
BREAK
Education and Experience
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
How to deal with differences in educational background and experience?
Things you should look at
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
Who is talking/drawing most?
Do the team members listen to each other?
Who gets to make the decisions?
Do the team members understand each other?
Do the team members have the same priorities?
Do they trust each others solutions?
Problem: It’s hard to connect your bike to the rack when the cycle shed is full.
Time’s up!
Things you should look at
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
Who is talking/drawing most?
Do the team members listen to each other?
Who gets to make the decisions?
Do the team members understand each other?
Do the team members have the same priorities?
Do they trust each others solutions?
Problems we found in literature
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
Communicational problems- Jargon- Experts don’t explain
Decision making- Different priorities and perspectives
Hierarchy and Power- Experts feel they have more power
-- Inter-personal conflicts
Compromises instead of creative solutions- Lack of enthusiasm
How to solve these problems
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
• Learn and Teach
• Everyone is Important
• Divide Tasks and Roles
• Team Leader
BREAK
Relationships
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
How to work in a team consisting of both strangers and familiar members?
Experiment
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
Read the background information
Discuss which thing is described
Write down your answer
Gruenfeld et al. (1996) study
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
Partially shared information: familiar teams pool information easier and find out the answer sooner.
Fully shared information: strangers with different social backgrounds evaluate the problem more thoroughly.
How to work in a team consisting of both strangers and familiar members?
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
- Set up a Realistic Job Preview
- A team leader can speak with team members causing inequities
- Clear schedule: separate working from socializing
Westerman and Park (2010)
What did we talk about?
3 maart 2010
Culture
Education &
Experience
Relationships
Conclusion
How to work in a team with cultural differences?
How to deal with differences in educational background and experience?
How to work in a team consisting of both strangers and familiar members?
