Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report · Project Number: TA7173-NEP July 2012 ... Kathmandu, Nepal For Government of Nepal, ... DDC: District Development Committee

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents.

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Project Number: TA7173-NEP July 2012

Nepal: Strengthening Capacity for Managing Climate Change and Environment – Training Modules for DDC and VDC Personnel on Community Based Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Methodologies

Prepared by Practical Action Nepal, WWF, IUCN, CECI and NAVIN

Kathmandu, Nepal

For Government of Nepal, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology

Government of Nepal Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology

Training Modules for DDC and VDC Personnel on Community Based Vulnerability Assessment Tools

and Methodologies

Training Outlines for VDC and DDC Personnel

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Published by: Government of Nepal Ministry of Environment Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel.: +977-1-4211641 Fax: +977 1 42 11954 Website: www.moenv.gov.np Prepared by: Practical Action Nepal WWF Nepal IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature, Nepal CECI – Centre for International Studies and Cooperation, Nepal NAVIN – National Association of VDCs in Nepal Technical advice by: Ganga Datta Awasthi Ajay Dixit Hemant Raj Ojha, Ph D Reviewed by: Meena Khanal, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Environment Copyright © 2012 Government of Nepal Ministry of Environment Citation: MoEST (2012). Training Modules for DDC and VDC Personnel for Community Based Vulnerability Assessment, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal ISBN: Printed at: ….. …. …. This document was produced as a part of output of Technical Assistance (TA) of Asian Development Bank (ADB) to Government of Nepal, Ministry of Environment under Strengthening Capacity for Managing Climate Change and the Environment

http://www.moenv.gov.np/


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Abbreviations: A: Adaptive Capacity ADB: Asian Development Bank ASC: Agriculture Service Centre CBVA: Community Based Vulnerability

Assessment CbCCVA: Community Based Climate Change

Vulnerability Assessment CBO: Community Based Organisation CCA: Climate Change Adaptation CECI: Centre for International Studies

and Cooperation CFUG: Community Forest Users’ Group COP: Conference of Parties DADO: District Agriculture Development

Office DAO: District Administration Office DDC: District Development Committee DDRC: District Disaster Relief Committee DFO: District Forest Office DHO: District Health Office DLSO: District Livestock Service Office DoF: Department of Forest DRR: Disaster Risk Reduction DSCO: District Soil Conservation Office DTO: District Technical Office E: Exposure FECOFUN: Federation of Community Forestry

Users’ of Nepal FGD: Focused Groups Discussion FM: Frequency Modulation FNCCI: Federation of Nepalese Chamber

of Commerce and Industries GHG: Green House Gas GIS: Geographical Information System GO: Government Organisation GoN: Government of Nepal

HH: Household HICODEF: Himalayan Community

Development Forum I/NGO: International / Non-governmental

Organisation IPCC: Inter-governmental Panel on

Climate Change IUCN: International Union on

Conservation of Nature JTA: Junior Technical Assistant KII: Key Informant Interview LFP: Livelihood Forestry Programme LNP: Langtang National Park LNPBZSP: Langtang National Park Buffer

Zone Support Programme MoEnv: Ministry of Environment NAPA: National Adaptation Programme of

Actions NAVIN: National Association of Village

Development Committees in Nepal NTB: Nepal Tourism Board NTFP: Non-timber Forest Products PPCR: Pilot Programme for Climate

Resilience PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal PLA: Participatory Learning and Action S: Sensitivity TA: Technical Assistance TAR: Third Assessment Report of IPCC V: Vulnerability VDC: Village Development Committee UNFCCC: United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change UNISDR: United Nations International

Strategy for Disaster Reduction WWF: World Wildlife Fund for Nature


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Commonly used Nepali words in the documents:

Tole: Hamlets Ropani: Land area, 1/20th of a hectare Ana: Land area, 1/16th of a ropani Bigha: Land area, 2/3rd of a hectare Kattha: Land area, 1/20th of a bigha Dalits: Untouchable communities Khet: Rice field Bari: Non-rice field Dhami Jhakri: Local healers

Nepali calendar with English equivalent: Nepali year 2068

Nepal months

Baishakh (New Year)

Jeth Asar Shrawan Bhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir Poush Magh Phagun Chait

English months

½ April May June July August September October November December

January (New Year)

February March ½ April

English year 2011 2012


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Table of Contents Abbreviations: ....................................................................................................................... 2 Commonly used Nepali words in the documents: .................................................................. 3 Nepali calendar with English equivalent: ............................................................................... 3 Module Overview .................................................................................................................. 5 Objective of the training ........................................................................................................ 5 Training Methodologies ......................................................................................................... 5 Target beneficiaries .............................................................................................................. 6 Training guidelines and materials .......................................................................................... 6 Contents for the training ........................................................................................................ 6 Things for Consideration: ...................................................................................................... 9 Length of Training Workshop ................................................................................................ 0


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Training Outlines for DDC and VDC Personnel

On Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Methodologies,

Risk Assessment and Adaptation Planning

Module Overview The Community based Vulnerability Assessment Training Module aims to explain the tools and methodologies for linking climate change adaptation with local development planning through capacity building of DDC and VDC officials. It presents selected tools and methods that DDC and VDC officials can use to understand climate risk and vulnerability and develop and implement strategies for reducing such risks. The module has been tested intensively with representatives of 24 DDCs and VDCs officials of Nepal for its applicability and practical use representing four eco-regions namely Mountains, Middle Hills, Lower Hills and Terai. Specifically, it is designed to be integrated into a local development planning process.

The Module provides a framework for the delivery of training workshop. The module is divided into five units. Each unit is divided into twelve sessions. Each session uses one or more teaching methodologies and this is specified in the module. The core module has been designed to deliver in a five-day training workshop. The details of module delivery have been presented in the table below.

Objective of the training Following are the objectives of the training module designed for community based vulnerability assessment tools and methodologies

- To sensitise the VDC and DDC representatives on climate change, its effects and need for adaptation and risk reduction

- To make the VDC and DDC representatives aware of current global and national climate change policies and negotiations

- To capacitate the VDC and DDC representatives on community based climate change vulnerability assessment tools and methodologies for assessment of local climate change, its effects and identify the needs for responding to climate change impacts / effects

- To help mainstream climate change adaptation in local development process

Training Methodologies Training workshops of this nature can be quite intensive and since each person learns in a different way, the content of this module is delivered by using a range of training methodologies. These include:

Audio-visual presentations and lectures by the facilitator Large group discussions (in plenary) Small group work and discussions Questioning techniques Brainstorming Practical exercises using participatory learning and action (PLA) tools Case studies Guiding questions for self-study Additional reading Engaging participants’ creativity


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Target beneficiaries

Representatives of VDCs and DDCs including government line agencies like health, agriculture, district technical office etc

The representatives of CSOs at District and VDC levels

Training guidelines and materials A separate training guideline has been developed to facilitate the training. This guideline helps the facilitators to understand the contents as well as the tools and the methodologies for community vulnerability assessment, risk mapping and adaptation planning. It also helps the participants to understand the contents. The guidelines are attached to this paper as an annex. The guidelines have also been prepared in Nepali so that both facilitator and the participants can use it conveniently.

Contents for the training

Chapters Training topic (Sessions) Instruction materials and methodoloiges

I 1. climate change in General - Introduction to climate change – weather, climate,

climate change, climate variability, etc - Causes of current global climate change – natural

and anthropogenic causes to climate change, causes of current climate change, emission scenarios, climate change scenarios, etc

- Effects of climate change – natural, physical, economic, livelihoods and social

- Climate change mitigation – reducing anthropogenic emissions (direct and indirect emissions, capturing carbons, sequestrating carbons, etc)

- Climate change adaptation – autonomous adatation, planned adaptation, adaptation strategies, etc

- Illustration through IPCC graphs and information

- Climate scenarios of Nepal - Illustration of Adaptation and

Mitigation Options from learning of different institutions

- Illustration of relevant climate change videos and short clips including impacts, etc.

- Examples and stories from the field

II 2. National and international climate change policy updates

- UNFCCC Negotiation process – COP, Subsidiary

bodies, IPCCC, Negotiating blocks, current issues under negotiation, etc

- Major COP decisions relevant to Nepal - Adaptation issues under negotiation - National climate change initiatives of Nepal (CC

Policy, NAPA, PPCR,etc)

- Use of UNFCCC materials and information, major decisions

- CC Policy, NAPA document, other major policies documents published by Ministry of Environment


III 3. Introduction to climate change vulnerability

- Defining climate change vulnerability – vulnerability as a function of Climate Change, Its Effects and Adaptive Capacity of the Communities,

- Introduction to components of climate change vulnerability (Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive capacity)

- Discussion on IPCC definition of Vulnerability

- Demonstrating Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity

- Use of examples and materials


III 4. Specific parameters and their indicators for Introduction to tools and


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assessing “Exposure (E)” and community based tools to use - Direct assessment – temperature and

precipitation summer season winter season drought season characteristics of rain fog frost dew hail snow fall

- indirect assessment – proxy indicators

assessment of physiological characteristics of indicator plants and animals (give examples of plants from different eco-regions)

assessment of change in annual disaster cycle and history of climate induced disasters

assessment of change in livelihood activities assessment of change in physical

environment (snow line, glaciers, water resources, etc)

methodologies for ”Exposure” assessment Using of Tools and Methodologies

- Seasonal calendar – hot days, cold days, summer rainfall, winter rainfall, crops and animals, hazard timing, etc

- Historic trend line of hazards/ disasters

- Hazard and Resource Maps - Pair wise ranking of climate

related hazard - Examples and stories from

the field

III 5. Specific parameters and their indicators for assessing “Sensitivity (S)” and community based tools to use - Identification of climate change hazards and

prioritization - Assessment of “S” through assessment of impacts

of CC and CC induced hazards on water, forest and biodiversity, agriculture and food security, human health, settlement and infrastructure

Use of Tools and Methodologies

- Historical timeline - Pairwise ranking - Cause and Effect (to

distinguish between climatic and non-climatic hazards and effects)

- Hazard and Resources mapping


III 6. Specific parameters and their indicators for assessing “Adaptive Capacity (A)” and community based tools to use - Assessment of “A” through assessment of

Livelihood Assets (Human asset, Natural asset, Physical asset, Financial asset and Social assets)

Exercise of Tools and Methodologies - Livelihood asset assessment - Institutional mapping - Venn

diagram - Resource mapping - Examples and stories from

the field III 7. Scoring of V components and calculation of V

- Use of equation - Interpretation of the outcomes of the calculation

as Low, Medium, High and Very High

Assembling information from E, S and A to derive V - Use of Index Chart - Groups exercise - Examples and stories from

the field

IV 8. Risk assessment Introduction to risk equation and risk mapping - Understanding risk

- Exercise of Tools and Methodologies

- Probability of occurrence of hazard from historic trend analysis


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- Assessment of probability of major climate hazards

- Identify and quantify the elements at risk of the probable hazard

- Unit cost of the elements at risk - Value of all the elements at risk (that is total risk)

- Information on elements at risk from hazard and resources map

- Local market prices of elements at risks

- Human casualty is priceless - Examples and stories from

the field

IV 9. Risk mapping - Review the hazard map - Identify and quantify the elements in the hazard

zones - Calculate the values of each element based on

their unit cost in each zone - Calculate the total value of the elements under no

damage condition - Categorize the zones as Low, Medium, High and

Very High risk zone base on the total value of the elements

- Exercise on Tools and Methodologies

- Refering of hazard map again

- Preparing map based on hazards

- Preparing map based on the risk (Low Medium, Medium, High and Very High risk zones) based on the value of elements under risk


IV 10. Risk management Identification of risk management strategies in respect to the following - Avoiding risk - Reducing risk - Transferring risk - Contenting with risk

- Discussion on different types of risks being identified out of the exercise from the previous chapters

- Classification of the risk – avoidable, reducible, transferable and content

- Identifying on different options for avoiding, reducing and transferring risks


V 11. Adaptation planning - Defining and introducing to climate change

coping, adaptation, resilience, etc - Types of adaptation – autonomous and planned

adaptation - Adaptation, Risk Reduction and Resilience

building - Adaptation framework

o Conservation and management of biological and physical resources

o Modification and diversification of livelihood activities from socio-economic perspective

o Human capacity building for adaptation

- Identifying actions for adaptation - Developing logical framework - Calendar of operations - Assessment and identification of necessary

resources, institutions and stakeholders for CCA

Building and synthesizing information from Vulnerability analysis and risk assessment Developing a logical framework out of the information collected Categorizing actions under the framework Examples and stories from the field


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V 12. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into local development - Reviewing the current local planning process –

both through local government and district line agencies

- Discussion on mainstreaming climate change adaptation at different levels of planning process at VDC level

Review of 14 steps VDC planning steps/ cycle Identifying the steps where climate change adaptation actions can be incorporated Identify gaps if the existing Guidelines do not accommodate the climate issues and make suggestions for improvement in the VDC planning guidelines and apply in practice at local level Examples and stories from the field

Things for Consideration: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Methodologies are emerging tools. Most of the tools described by several other organisations who have been involving in climate change vulnerability assessment have been targeted for professionals who will use the tools and methodologies for improving their understanding. This training outlines is the first of its kind which is designed for local planners to enhance their capacity to understand climate change, its effects and design adaptation action plans. So the course design, by nature, is still a technical. The feedbacks from the trainings to DDC and VDC representatives are that these tools and methodologies are usable by DDC and VDC personnel but they need a facilitator with skills and knowledge on Participatory Rural Appraisal. So there is a need to develop a pool of facilitators at the district level within the DDC who can facilitate and mentor the VDC planners in Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment until they can use the tools confidently on their own. Mere orientation of the tools might not be sufficient in the first instance.


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Length of Training Workshop Time First day Second day Third day Fourth day Fifth day

8:30 to 9:00 Break fast Break fast Break fast Break fast Break fast

9:00 to 10:30 (90 mins)

Participants Registration, Inauguration, Introduction,

Expectation from participants from the training, work

division and preparation of code of conduct during

training period

Review of previous day by participants

Chapter 3

Introduction to Vulnerability Assessment, Tools and

Methods


Chapter 3 Group Work:

Adaptive capacity assessment: Livelihood assets assessment,

institutional mapping


Chapter 4:

Group Exercise: Risk Calculation and mapping – by hazard type and by level

of risk

Review of Previous day by participants

Chapter 5: Development of plan and integration of

adaptation options, discussion on policy

level gaps and intervention needs

10:30-10:45 (15 mins)

Tea Break Tea Break Tea Break Tea Break Tea Break

10:45 to 12:15 (90 mins)

Chapter 1, Introduction to climate change science

Chapter 3 Introduction to assessment of

Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity indicators

Group Work Continue and Presentation and discussion on

the groups work

Chapter 4: Discussion on outcomes of risk assessment

exercise and Risk Management

Chapter 5 Introduction to Training

of Trainers methods and process

12:15 to 1:15

(60mins) Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch

1:15 to 2:45 (90mins)

Chapter 1 Impact and effect of climate

change; Responding to climate

change - Adaptation and Mitigation

Chapter 3 Group Work: Seasonal

Calendar, Historical Time line, Resource and Hazard Mapping and Pair wise

ranking of hazard

Presentation on scoring of vulnerability:

Group Exercise: Scoring of

vulnerability indicators chart and discussion on outcome of V

index

Chapter 5: Adaptation Planning process

Group work: on Adaptation

planning exercise and presentation of plan of

actions

Final Evaluation, Certificate distribution

and closing

2:45 to 3:00 (15 mins)

Tea Tea Tea Tea

3:00 to 4:25 (90 mins)

Chapter 2: National and International climate change

initiatives and policy

Chapter 3 Group Work Continue and

presentation

Chapter 4 : Introduction to Risk and Risk Mapping

Field Visit

4:25 to 4:30 (5 mins)

Short Review of the day activities




Documents

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report · Project Number: TA7173-NEP July 2012 ... Kathmandu, Nepal For Government of Nepal, ... DDC: District Development Committee