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7/23/2019 Technical Reference Guide iDX Release 3.0
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Technical Reference Guide
iDX Release 3.0
June 07, 2011
7/23/2019 Technical Reference Guide iDX Release 3.0
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iDX Release 3.0
Copyright 2011 VT iDirect, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission isprohibited. Information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The specifications and informationregarding the products in this document are subject to change without notice. All statements, information, andrecommendations in this document are believed to be accurate, but are presented without warranty of any kind,express, or implied. Users must take full responsibility for their application of any products. Trademarks, brand
names and products mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. All such referencesare used strictly in an editorial fashion with no intent to convey any affiliation with the name or the product'srightful owner.
Document Name: REF_Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.0_Rev A_06072011.pdf
Document Part Number: T0000353
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Revision History
The following table shows all revisions for this document. If you do not have the latest
revision for your release, or you are not sure, please check the TAC webpage at:
http://tac.idirect.net.
Revision Date Released Reason for Change(s) Who Updated?
A 06/07/2011 First release of document for iDX 3.0 JVespoli
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Contents
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii
About This Guide
Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Contents Of This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Related Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
1 iDirect System Overview
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
IP Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 DVB-S2 in iDirect Networks
DVB-S2 Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
DVB-S2 in iDirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
DVB-S2 Downstream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ACM Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Quality of Service in DVB-S2 ACM Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
DVB-S2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
DVB-S2 Performance Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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3 Modulation Modes and FEC Rates
iDirect Modulation Modes And FEC Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
TPC Modulation Modes and FEC Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2D 16-State Inbound Coding for DVB-S2 Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4 iDirect Spread Spectrum Networks
What is Spread Spectrum? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Spread Spectrum Hardware Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Supported Forward Error Correction (FEC) Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
iDirect iNFINITI Downstream Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
TDMA Upstream Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SCPC Upstream Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5 Multichannel Line Cards
Multichannel Line Card Model Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Multichannel Line Card Receive Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Multichannel Line Card Restrictions and Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6 SCPC Return Channels
Hardware Support and License Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Single Channel vs. Multichannel SCPC Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
SCPC Return Feature on Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
VNO for SCPC Return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7 Multicast Fast Path
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Multicast Fast Path Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
8 QoS Implementation PrinciplesQuality of Service (QoS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
QoS Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
iDirect QoS Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Classification and Scheduling of IP Packets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
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Service Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Packet Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Application Throughput. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Minimum Information Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Committed Information Rate (CIR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Maximum Information Rate (MIR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Free Slot Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Compressed Real-Time Protocol (cRTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Sticky CIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Application Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Packet Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Application Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Maximum Channel Efficiency vs. Minimum Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Group QoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Group QoS Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Group QoS Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
9 Configuring Transmit Initial Power
What is TX Initial Power? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
How To Determine The Correct TX Initial Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
All Remotes Need To Transmit Bursts in the Same C/N Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
What Happens When TX Initial Power Is Set Incorrectly? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67When TX Initial Power is Too High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
When TX Initial Power is Too Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10 Global NMS Architecture
How the Global NMS Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Sample Global NMS Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
11 Hub Network Security Recommendations
Limited Remote Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Root Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
12 Global Protocol Processor Architecture
Remote Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
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De-coupling of NMS and Data Path Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13 Distributed NMS Server
Distributed NMS Server Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75iBuilder and iMonitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
14 Transmission Security (TRANSEC)
What is TRANSEC?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
iDirect TRANSEC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
TRANSEC Key types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
DVB-S2 Downstream TRANSEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Upstream TRANSEC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Disguising Remote Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Generating the TDMA Initialization Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Upstream TRANSEC Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
ACQ Burst Obfuscation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
TRANSEC Dynamic Key Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
TRANSEC Remote Admission Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
ACC Key Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
ACC Key Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Manual ACC Key Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Automatic Beam Selection (ABS) and TRANSEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
15 Fast Acquisition
Feature Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
16 Remote Sleep Mode
Feature Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Awakening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Operator-Commanded Awakening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Activity Related Awakening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Enabling Remote Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
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17 Automatic Beam Selection
Automatic Beam Selection Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
The Map Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Beam Characteristics: Visibility and Usability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Selecting a Beam without a Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Controlling the Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
IP Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Calculation of Initial Transmit Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Receive-Only Mode for ABS Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Multiple Map Servers per Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Operational Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Creating the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Adding a Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Normal Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Mapless Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Blockages and Beam Outages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Error Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
18 Hub Geographic Redundancy
Feature Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Configuring Wait Time Interval for an Out-of-Network Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
19 Carrier Bandwidth Optimization
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Increasing User Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Decreasing Channel Spacing to Gain Additional Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
20 Alternate Downstream Carrier
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Feature Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
21 Feature and Chassis Licensing
iDirect Licensing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
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22 Hub Line Card Failover
Basic Failover Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Warm Standby versus Cold Standby Line Card Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Failover Sequence of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Sample iDirect Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Figure 2. iDirect IP Architecture Multiple VLANs per Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 3. iDirect IP Architecture VLAN Spanning Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 4. iDirect IP Architecture Classic IP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 5. Comparison of iNFINITI, Constant Coding, and Adaptive Coding Modes . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 6. Physical Layer Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 7. SNR Threshold vs. MODCOD for Evolution X3 and X5 Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figure 8. SNR Threshold vs. MODCOD for the Evolution e8350 Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 9. Feedback Loop from Remote to Protocol Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 10. Feedback Loop with Backoff from Line Card to Protocol Processor . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 11. Total Bandwidth vs. Information Rate in Fixed Bandwidth Operation . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 12. EIR: Total Bandwidth vs. Information Rate as MODCOD Varies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Figure 13. Spread Spectrum Network Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 14. Remote and QoS Profile Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Figure 15. iDirect Packet Scheduling Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 16. Group QoS Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Figure 17. Physical Segregation Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Figure 18. CIR Per Application Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Figure 19. Tiered Service Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Figure 20. Third Level VLAN Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Figure 21. Shared Remote Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Figure 22. Remote Service Group Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Figure 23. Scaled Aggregate CIRs Below Partitions CIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Figure 24. Scaled Aggregate CIRs Exceed Partitions CIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Figure 25. Bandwidth Allocation Fairness Relative to CIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Figure 26. Bandwidth Allocation Fairness Relative to MODCOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Figure 27. C/N Nominal Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Figure 28. TX Initial Power Too High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Figure 29. TX Initial Power Too Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Figure 30. Global NMS Database Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Figure 31. Sample Global NMS Network Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Figure 32. Protocol Processor Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Figure 33. Sample Distributed NMS Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Figure 34. DVB-S2 TRANSEC Frame Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Figure 35. Disguising Which Key is Used for a Burst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Figure 36. Code Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Figure 37. Generating the Upstream Initialization Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Figure 38. Upstream ACQ Burst Obfuscation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
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Figure 39. Key Distribution Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Figure 40. Key Roll Data Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Figure 41. Host Keying Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Figure 42. Overlay of Carrier Spectrums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Figure 43. Adding an Upstream Carrier By Reducing Carrier Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Figure 44. Line Card Failover Sequence of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
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List of Tables
Table 1. DVB-S2 Modulation and Coding Schemes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 2. ACM MODCOD Scaling Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 3. TPC Modulation Modes and FEC Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 4. Modulation Modes and FEC Rates for 2D 16-State Inbound Coding over TDMA . . . . . 23
Table 5. Modulation Modes and FEC Rates for 2D 16-State Inbound Coding over SCPC. . . . . . 24
Table 6. Block Sizes and IP Payload Sizes for 2D 16-State Inbound Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 7. Spread Spectrum: Downstream Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 8. Spread Spectrum: TDMA Upstream Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Table 9. Spread Spectrum: SCPC Upstream Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Table 10. Multichannel Receive Line Card Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 11. Single Channel vs. Multichannel SCPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 12. Power Consumption: Normal Operations vs. Remote Sleep Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
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About This Guide
PurposeThe Technical Reference Guideprovides detailed technical information on iDirect technology
and major features as implemented in iDX Release 3.0.
Intended AudienceThe intended audience for this guide includes network operators using the iDirect iDS system,
network architects, and anyone upgrading to iDX Release 3.0.
Note: It is expected that the user of this material has attended the iDirect IOMtraining course and is familiar with the iDirect network solution and associatedequipment.
Contents Of This Guide
This document contains the following major sections: iDirect System Overview
DVB-S2 in iDirect Networks
Modulation Modes and FEC Rates
iDirect Spread Spectrum Networks
QoS Implementation Principles
Configuring Transmit Initial Power
Global NMS Architecture
Hub Network Security Recommendations
Global Protocol Processor Architecture
Distributed NMS Server
Transmission Security (TRANSEC)
Fast Acquisition
Automatic Beam Selection
Hub Geographic Redundancy
Carrier Bandwidth Optimization
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Alternate Downstream Carrier
Feature and Chassis Licensing
Hub Line Card Failover
Document ConventionsThis section illustrates and describes the conventions used throughout the manual. Take a
look now, before you begin using this manual, so that youll know how to interpret the
information presented.
Convention Description Example
Blue
Courier
font
Used when the user is
required to enter a
command at a command
line prompt or in a console.
Enter the command:
cd /etc/snmp/
Cour i erf ont
Used when showingresulting output from a
command that was entered
at a command line or on a
console.
crc report all
3100. 3235 : DATA CRC [ 1]3100. 3502 : DATA CRC [ 5818]3100. 4382 : DATA CRC [ 20]
BoldTrebuchetfont
Used when referring to text
that appears on the screen
on a windows-type
Graphical User Interface
(GUI).
Used when specifying
names of commands,
menus, folders, tabs,
dialogs, list boxes, andoptions.
1. If you are adding a remote to an Inroute Group,
right-click the Inroute Groupand select AddRemote.
The Remotedialog box has a number of user-selectable tabs across the top. The Informationtab is
visible when the dialog box opens.
Blue
Trebuchet
font
Used to show all
hyperlinked text within a
document.
Refer to Quality of Service in DVB-S2 ACM Networks
on page
15for a detailed description of ACM operation
with EIR enabled.
Bold italicTrebuchetfont
Used to emphasize
information for the user,
such as in notes.
Note: It is important to set TX Initial Power on aremote modem correctly to ensure optimalUpstream channel performance.
Red italic
Trebuchet
font
Used when the user needs
to strictlyfollow the
instructions or have
additional knowledge abouta procedure or action.
WARNING! The following procedure may cause
a network outage.
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Related DocumentsThe following iDirect documents are available at http://tac.idirect.netand may also contain
information relevant to this release. Please consult these documents for information about
installing and using iDirects satellite network software and equipment.
iDX Release Notes
iDX Software Installation Guideor Network Upgrade Procedure Guide
iDX iBuilder User Guide
iDX iMonitor User Guide
iDX Installation and Commissioning Guide for Remote Satellite Routers
iDX Features and Chassis Licensing Guide
iDX Software Installation Checklist/Software Upgrade Survey
iDX Link Budget Analysis Guide
Getting HelpThe iDirect Technical Assistance Center (TAC) is available to help you 24 hours a day, 365 days
a year. Software user guides, installation procedures, a FAQ page, and other documentation
that supports our products are available on the TAC webpage. Please access our TAC webpage
at: http://tac.idirect.net.
If you are unable to find the answers or information that you need, you can contact the TAC at
(703) 648-8151.
If you are interested in purchasing iDirect products, please contact iDirect Corporate Sales by
telephone or email.
Telephone: (703) 648-8000
Email: [email protected]
iDirect strives to produce documentation that is technically accurate, easy to use, and helpful
to our customers. Your feedback is welcomed! Send your comments to [email protected].
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1 iDirect System Overview
This chapter presents a high-level overview of iDirect Networks. It provides a sample iDirect
network and describes the IP network architectures supported by iDirect.
System OverviewAn iDirect network is a satellite based TCP/IP network with a Star topology in which a Time
Division Multiplexed (TDM) broadcast downstream channel from a central hub location is
shared by a number of remote sites. Each remote transmits to the hub either on a shared
Deterministic-TDMA (D-TDMA) upstream channel with dynamic timeplan slot assignments or
on a dedicated SCPC return channel. A sample iDirect network is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Sample iDirect Network
RemoteInfrastructure
RemoteInfrastructure
iDirect HubInfrastructure
Inroute Group 1 Inroute Group 2Shared Downstream
800 Remotes 400 Remotes
Satellite
40 Mbps 12 x 512 kbps 10 x 256 kbps
RemoteInfrastructure
SCPC Return Channels
1 Mbps 256 kbps512 kbps
... ...
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The iDirect Hub equipment consists of one or more iDirect Hub Chassis with Universal Line
Cards, one or more Protocol Processors (PP), a Network Management System (NMS) and the
appropriate RF equipment. Each remote site consists of an iDirect broadband router and the
appropriate external VSAT equipment.
The selection of an upstream TDMA carrier by a remote is determined either at networkacquisition time or dynamically at run-time, based on a network configuration setting. iDirect
software has features and controls that allow the system to be configured to provide QoS and
other traffic engineered solutions to remote users. All network configuration, control, and
monitoring functions are provided via the integrated NMS.
The iDirect software provides:
Packet-based and network-based QoS
TCP acceleration
AES link encryption
Local DNS cache on the remote
End-to-end VLAN tagging
Dynamic routing protocol support via RIPv2 over the satellite link
Multicast support via IGMPv2 or IGMPv3
VoIP support via voice optimized features such as cRTP
An iDirect network interfaces to the external world through IP over Ethernet ports on the
remote unit and the Protocol Processor at the hub.
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IP Network ArchitectureThe following figures illustrate the basic iDirect IP network architectures.
Figure2, iDirect IP Architecture Multiple VLANs per Remote
Figure
3, iDirect IP Architecture VLAN Spanning Remotes Figure
4, iDirect IP Architecture Classic IP Configuration
Figure 2. iDirect IP Architecture Multiple VLANs per Remote
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Figure 3. iDirect IP Architecture VLAN Spanning Remotes
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Figure 4. iDirect IP Architecture Classic IP Configuration
iDirect allows you to mix traditional IP routing based networks with VLAN based
configurations. This capability provides support for customers that have conflicting IP address
ranges in a direct fashion, and multiple independent customers at a single remote site by
configuring multiple VLANs directly on the remote.
In addition to end-to-end VLAN connection, the system supports RIPv2 in an end-to-end
manner including over the satellite link; RIPv2 can be configured on per-network interface.
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2 DVB-S2 in iDirect
Networks
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) represents a set of open standards for satellite digital
broadcasting. DVB-S2 is an extension to the widely-used DVB-S standard and was introduced in
March 2005. It provides for:
Improved inner coding: Low-Density Parity Coding
Greater variety of modulations: QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK
Dynamic variation of the encoding on broadcast channel: Adaptive Coding and Modulation
These improvements lead to greater efficiencies and flexibility in the use of available
bandwidth.
Note: Beginning with iDX Release 2.2, the iDirect TRANSEC feature is supported inDVB-S2 networks. See Transmission Security (TRANSEC) on page77fordetails.
DVB-S2 Key ConceptsA BBFRAME(Baseband Frame) is the basic unit of the DVB-S2 protocol. Two frame sizes are
supported: shortand long. Each frame type is defined in the DVB-S2 standard in terms of the
number of coded bits: short frames contain 16200 coded bits; long frames contain 64800
coded bits.
MODCODrefers to the combinations of Modulation Types and Error Coding schemes supported
by the DVB-S2 standard. The higher the modulation the greater the number of bits per symbol
(or bits per Hz). The modulation types specified by the standard are:
QPSK (2 bits/Hz)
8PSK (3 bits/Hz)
16PSK (4 bits/Hz)
Coding refers to the error-correction coding schemes available. Low-Density Parity Coding
(LDPC) and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes are used in DVB-S2. Effective rates are1/4 through 9/10. The 9/10 coding rates are not supported for short BBFRAMEs.
The DVB-S2 standard does not support every combination of modulation and coding. DVB-S2
specifies the MODCODs shown in Table 1on page
8. In general, the lower the MODCOD, the
more robust the error correction, and the lower the efficiency in bits per Hz. The higher the
MODCOD, the less robust the error correction, and the greater the efficiency in bits per Hz.
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DVB-S2 defines three methods of applying modulation and coding to a data stream:
CCM(Constant Coding and Modulation) specifies that every BBFRAME is transmitted at the
same MODCOD. Effectively, an iDirect network transmitting an iNFINITI downstream
carrier is a CCM system.
Note: CCM using long frames is not supported on iDirect DVB-S2 outbound carriers.
However, you can simulate a CCM outbound carrier using short frames byselecting ACM and setting the Maximum and Minimum MODCODs to the samevalue. See the iBuilder User Guide for details on configuring your carriers.
ACM(Adaptive Coding and Modulation) specifies that every BBFRAME can be transmitted
on a different MODCOD. Remotes receiving an ACM carrier cannot anticipate the MODCOD
of the next BBFRAME. A DVB-S2 demodulator must be designed to handle dynamic
MODCOD variation.
Table 1. DVB-S2 Modulation and Coding Schemes
# Modulation Code Notes
1 QPSK 1/4 ACM or CCM
2 1/3
3 2/5
4 1/2
5 3/5
6 2/3
7 3/4
8 4/5
9 5/6
10 8/9
11 9/10 CCM only
12 8PSK 3/5 ACM or CCM
13 2/3
14 3/4
15 5/6
16 8/9
17 9/10 CCM only
18 16APSK 2/3 ACM or CCM
19 3/4
20 4/5
21 5/6
22 8/9
23 9/10 CCM only
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VCM(Variable Coding and Modulation) specifies that MODCODs are assigned according to
service type. As in ACM mode, the resulting downstream contains BBFRAMEs transmitted
at different MODCODs. (iDirect does not support VCM on the downstream.)
Figure 5compares iDirects iNFINITI Mode, CCM Mode and ACM Mode.
Figure 5. Comparison of iNFINITI, Constant Coding, and Adaptive Coding Modes
DVB-S2 in iDirect
iDirect DVB-S2 networks support ACM on the downstream carrier with all modulations up to16APSK. An iDirect DVB-S2 network uses short DVB-S2 BBFRAMES for ACM. iDirect does not
support VCM on the downstream carrier.
iDX Release 3.0 supports the following hardware in DVB-S2 networks:
Evolution eM1D1 line card (Tx/Rx; Rx-only for SCPC return channel)
Evolution XLC-11 line card (Tx/Rx)
Evolution XLC-10 line card (Tx-only)
Evolution eM0DM line card (Rx-only; single or multiple inbound channels; TDMA or SCPC
return channel)
Evolution XLC-M line card (Rx-only; single or multiple inbound channels; TDMA or SCPC
return channel)
Evolution e8350 remote satellite router (TDMA or SCPC return channel)
Evolution iConnex e800/e850mp remote satellite routers (TDMA or SCPC return channel)
Evolution X3 remote satellite router (TDMA or SCPC return channel)
Evolution X5 remote satellite router (TDMA or SCPC return channel)
Evolution eP100 remote satellite router (TDMA return channel only)
DVBS2: ACM Mode:Each BB Frame: potentially different MODCOD (any of QPSK1/4, , 16PSK 9/10 )
QPSKTPC .66
QPSKTPC .66
...
time
time
time
8PSK
9/10
8PSK
9/10
8PSK
9/10
8PSK
9/10...
16P5/6
16P4/5
8PSK
2/316P4/5
QPSK
2/3
8PSK
8/9
8PSK
8/916P8/9
8PSK
3/4
iNFINITI Mode:All Frames: single Modulation (QPSK or BPSK)
All Frames: single coding (TPC 0.793, etc. )
DVBS2: CCM Mode:All BB Frames: single MODCOD (one of QPSK, , 16PSK 9/10)
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The eM1D1 line card and the XLC-11 line card are Tx/Rx line cards. Both line cards can
transmit either an iDirect iNFINITI or a DVB-S2 downstream carrier while receiving a TDMA
upstream carrier. The eM1D1 can also receive an SCPC return channel but it must be
configured as Rx-only to do so. An XLC-10 line card is a Tx-only line card that can only be
deployed in DVB-S2 networks.
An eM0DM or XLC-M line card is a multi-channel, Rx-only line card that can be deployed in
either DVB-S2 or iNFINITI networks. However, in iNFINITI networks these line cards can only
receive a single TDMA upstream carrier. In DVB-S2 networks, an eM0DM or XLC-M line card can
receive either TDMA or SCPC return channels. However, it cannot receive both upstream
carrier types at the same time.
An Evolution e8350, e800, e850 or X5 remote satellite router can receive either an iNFINITI or
a DVB-S2 downstream carrier while transmitting on a TDMA upstream carrier. In DVB-S2
networks, an e8350, e800, e850, X3 or X5 can also be configured to transmit an SCPC return
carrier. An Evolution X3 remote satellite router can only operate in a DVB-S2 network and can
only transmit a TDMA upstream carrier.
The Evolution eP100 is a custom form-factor remote satellite router that is not generally
available for purchase. It can only receive a DVB-S2 downstream carrier and it can onlytransmit a TDMA upstream carrier.
DVB-S2 Downstream
An iDirect iNFINITI downstream carrier is effectively CCM. At configuration time, a modulation
(such as BPSK) and coding rate (such as TPC 0.79) are selected. These characteristics of the
downstream are fixed for the duration of the operation of the network.
A DVB-S2 downstream can be configured as CCM (future) or ACM. If you configure the
downstream as ACM, it is not constrained to operate at a fixed modulation and coding.
Instead, the modulation and coding of the downstream varies within a configurable range of
MODCODs.
An iDirect DVB-S2 downstream contains a continuous stream of Physical Layer Frames
(PLFRAMEs). The PLHEADER indicates the type of modulation and error correction coding used
on the subsequent data. It also indicates the data format and frame length. Refer to Figure 6.
Figure 6. Physical Layer Frames
The PLHEADER always uses /2 BPSK modulation. Like most DVB-S2 systems, iDirect injects
pilot symbols within the data stream. The overhead of the DVB-S2 downstream varies
between 2.65% and 3.85%.
The symbol rate remains fixed on the DVB-S2 downstream. Variation in throughput is realized
through DVB-S2 support, and the variation of MODCODs in ACM Mode. The maximum possible
throughput of the DVB-S2 carrier (calculated at 45 MSps and highest MODCOD 16APSK 8/9) is
PLHEADER: signalsMODCOD and frame
length (always /2 BPSK)
Pilot symbols:
unmodulatedcarrier
Data symbols:
QPSK, 8PSK,16APSK, or 32APSK
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approximately 155 Mbps. As with iDirect iNFINITI networks, multiple protocol processors may
be required to support high traffic to multiple remotes.
iDirect uses DVB-S2 Generic Streams for encapsulation of downstream data between the
DVB-S2 line cards and remotes. Although the DVB-S2 standard includes the provision for
generic streams, it is silent on how to encapsulate data in this mode. iDirect uses theproprietary LEGS (Lightweight Encapsulation for Generic Streams) protocol for this purpose.
LEGS maximizes the efficiency of data packing into BBFRAMES on the downstream. For
example, if a timeplan only takes up 80% of a BBFRAME, the LEGS protocol allows the line
card to include a portion of another packet that is ready for transmission in the same frame.
This results in maximum use of the downstream bandwidth.
ACM Operation
ACM mode allows remotes operating in better signal conditions to receive data on higher
MODCODs. This is accomplished by varying the MODCODs of data targeted to specific remotes
to match their current receive capabilities.
Not all data is sent to a remote at its best MODCOD. Important system information (such astimeplan messages), as well as broadcast traffic, is transmitted at the minimum MODCOD
configured for the outbound carrier. This allows all remotes in the network, even those
operating at the worst MODCOD, to reliably receive this information.
The protocol processor determines the maximum MODCOD for all data sent to the DVB-S2 line
card for transmission over the outbound carrier. However, the line card does not necessarily
respect these MODCOD assignments. In the interest of downstream efficiency, some data
scheduled for a high MODCOD may be transmitted at a lower one as an alternative to inserting
padding bytes into a BBFRAME. When assembling a BBFRAME for transmission, the line card
first packs all available data for the chosen MODCOD into the frame. If there is space left in
the BBFRAME, and no data left for transmission at that MODCOD, the line card attempts to
pack the remainder of the frame with data for higher MODCODs. This takes advantage of the
fact that a remote can demodulate any MODCOD in the range between the carriers minimumMODCOD and the remotes current maximum MODCOD.
The maximum MODCOD of a remote is based on the latest Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
reported by the remote to the protocol processor. The table in Figure 7shows the SNR
thresholds per MODCOD for the Evolution X3 and X5 remotes. The table in Figure 8shows the
SNR thresholds per MODCOD for the Evolution e8350 remote.These values are determined
during hardware qualification. The graph shows how spectral efficiency increases as the
MODCOD changes.
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Figure 7. SNR Threshold vs. MODCOD for Evolution X3 and X5 Remotes
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Figure 8. SNR Threshold vs. MODCOD for the Evolution e8350 Remote
The hub adjusts the MODCODs of the transmissions to the remotes by means of the feedback
loop shown in Figure 9on page
14. Each remote continually measures its downstream SNR and
reports the current value to the protocol processor. When the protocol processor assigns datato an individual remote, it uses the last reported SNR value to determine the highest MODCOD
on which that remote can receive data without exceeding a specified BER. The protocol
processor includes this information when sending outbound data to the line card. The line
card then adjusts the MODCOD of the BBFRAMES to the targeted remotes accordingly.
Note: The line card may adjust the MODCOD of the BBFRAMEs downward for reasonsof downstream packing efficiency.
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Figure 9and Figure 10show the operation of the SNR feedback loop and the behavior of the
line card and remote during fast fade conditions. Figure 9shows the basic SNR reporting loop
described above. The example shows an XLC-10 line card transmitting to an X3 remote.
However, the feedback loop discussion applies to any Evolution line card that is transmitting a
DVB-S2 carrier to any Evolution remote.
Figure 9. Feedback Loop from Remote to Protocol Processor
Figure 10shows the backoff mechanism that exists between the line card and protocol
processor to prevent data loss. The protocol processor decreases the maximum data sent to
the line card for transmission based on a measure of the number of remaining untransmitted
bytes on the line card. These bytes are scaled according to the MODCOD on which they are to
be transmitted, since bytes destined to be transmitted at lower MODCODs will take longer to
transmit than bytes destined to be transmitted on a higher MODCODs.
Figure 10. Feedback Loop with Backoff from Line Card to Protocol Processor
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Quality of Service in DVB-S2 ACM Networks
iDirect QoS for DVB-S2 downstream carriers is basically identical to QoS for iNFINITI
downstream carriers. (See QoS Implementation Principles on page
39.) However, with DVB-
S2 in ACM Mode, the same amount of user data (in bits per second) occupies more or less
downstream bandwidth, depending on the MODCOD at which it is transmitted. This is truebecause user data transmitted at a higher MODCOD requires less bandwidth than it does at a
lower MODCOD.
When configuring QoS in iBuilder, you can define a Maximum Information Rate (MIR) and/or a
Committed Information Rate (CIR) at various levels of the QoS tree. (See the iBuilder User
Guidefor definitions of CIR and MIR.) For an ACM outbound, the amount of bandwidth granted
for a configured CIR or MIR is affected by both the MODCOD that the remote is currently
receiving and a number of parameters configurable in iBuilder. The remainder of this section
discusses the various parameters and options that affect DVB-S2 bandwidth allocation and
how they affect the system performance.
Remote Nominal MODCOD
You can configure a Nominal MODCOD for DVB-S2 remotes operating in ACM mode. The
Nominal MODCOD is the Reference Operating Point (ROP) for the remote. By default, a
remotes Nominal MODCOD is equal to the DVB-S2 carriers Maximum MODCOD. The Nominal
MODCOD is typically determined by the link budget but may be adjusted after the remote is
operational.
In a fixed network environment, the Nominal MODCOD is typically chosen to be the Clear Sky
MODCOD of the remote. In a maritime network where the Clear Sky MODCOD depends on the
position of the ship, the Nominal MODCOD may be any point in the beam coverage at which
the service provider chooses to guarantee the CIR.
The CIR and MIR granted to the remote are limited by the Remotes Nominal MODCOD. The
remote is allowed to operate at MODCODs higher than the Nominal MODCOD (as long as it does
not exceed the configured Remote Maximum MODCOD described below), but is not grantedadditional higher CIR or MIR when operating above the Nominal MODCOD.
Remote Maximum MODCOD
You can also configure a Maximum MODCOD for DVB-S2 remotes operating in ACM mode. By
default, a remotes Maximum MODCOD is equal to the DVB-S2 carriers Maximum MODOCD.
iBuilder allows you to limit the Maximum MODCOD for a remote to a value lower than the DVB-
S2 carriers Maximum MODCOD and higher than or equal to the remotes Nominal MODCOD.
This is important if your link budget supports higher MODCODs but your remotes are using
LNBs that do not have the phase stability required for the higher MODCODs. For example, a
DRO LNB cannot support 16APSK due to phase instability at higher MODCODs.
Note that a remotes Maximum MODCOD is not the same as a remotes Nominal MODCOD. Theremote is allowed to operate above its Nominal MODCOD as long as it does not exceed the
remotes Maximum MODCOD. A remote is never allowed to operate above its Maximum
MODCOD.
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Fixed Bandwidth Operation
During a rain fade, the CIR or MIR granted to a remote are scaled down based on the remotes
Nominal MODCOD. This provides a graceful degradation of CIR and MIR during the fade while
consuming the same satellite bandwidth as at the Nominal MODCOD.
Figure 11shows the system behavior when operating in Fixed Bandwidth Mode. The remotesNominal MODCOD is labeled Nominal @ ClearSky in the figure. In the example the remote
has been configured with 256 kbps of CIR and a Nominal MODCOD of 8PSK 3/5. If the remote
operates at a higher MODCOD, it is not granted a higher CIR. When the remote enters a rain
fade, the allocated bandwidth remains fixed at the Nominal MODCOD bandwidth. The
degradation in throughput is gradual because the remote continues to use the same amount of
satellite bandwidth that was allocated for its Nominal MODCOD.
Figure 11. Total Bandwidth vs. Information Rate in Fixed Bandwidth Operation
Enhanced Information Rate
As noted above, the occupied bandwidth for CIR or MIR varies per MODCOD. If, when
allocating downstream bandwidth for a remote, the system always attempted to meet these
rates regardless of MODCOD, then a remote in a deep rain fade may be granted a
disproportionate share of bandwidth at the expense of other remotes in the network. On the
other hand, if CIR and MIR settings were only honored at the remotes Nominal MODCOD
(Fixed Bandwidth Mode), then there would be no option to increase the bandwidth to satisfy
the requested information rate when a remote dropped below its Nominal MODCOD.
The Enhanced Information Rate (EIR) option allows you to configure the system to maintain
CIR or MIR during rain fade for the physical remote (Remote Service Groups or Remote-Based
Group QoS) or critical applications (Application-Based Group QoS). EIR only applies to
networks that use DVB-S2 with Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM). EIR can be enabled for
a physical remote or at several levels of the Group QoS tree. For details on configuring EIR,
see the iBuilder User Guide.
Nominal@ ClearSky
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
RelativeBandwidth
CIR
Fixed Bandwidth
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EIR is only enabled in the range of MODCODs from the remotes Nominal MODCOD down to the
configured EIR Minimum MODCOD. Within this range, the system always attempts to allocate
requested bandwidth in accordance with the CIR and MIR settings, regardless of the current
MODCOD at which the remote is operating. Since higher MODCODs contain more information
bits per second, as the remotes MODCOD increases, so does the capacity of the outbound
channel to carry additional information.
As signal conditions worsen, and the MODCOD assigned to the remote drops, the system
attempts to maintain CIR and MIR onlydown to the configured EIR Minimum MODCOD. If the
remote drops below this EIR Minimum MODCOD, it is allocated bandwidth based on the
remotes Nominal MODCOD with the rate scaled to the MODCOD actually assigned to the
remote. The net result is that the remote receives the CIR or MIR as long as the current
MODCOD of the remote does not fall below the EIR Minimum MODCOD. Below the EIR
minimum MODCOD, the information rate achieved by the remote falls below the configured
settings.
The system behavior in EIR mode is shown in Figure 12. The remotes Nominal MODCOD is
labeled Nominal in the figure. The system maintains the CIR and MIR down to the EIR
Minimum MODCOD. Notice in the figure that when the remote is operating below EIR Minimum
MODCOD, it is granted the same amount of satellite bandwidth as at the remotes Nominal
MODCOD.
Figure 12. EIR: Total Bandwidth vs. Information Rate as MODCOD Varies
Nominal EIR Min
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Relative
Bandwidth
C
IR
EIR Mode
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Scaling Factors for Fixed Bandwidth Allocation
Table 2shows the scaling factors that can be used to calculate the information rate at
different MODCODs when the allocated bandwidth is held constant at the remotes Nominal
MODCOD. This happens both in Fixed Bandwidth Mode or in EIR Mode when the remotes
MODCOD falls below the EIR Minimum MODCOD.
The following formula can be used to determine the information rate at which data is sent
when that data is scaled to the remotes Nominal MODCOD:
IRa= IRnx Sb/ Sa
where:
IRa is the actual information rate at which the data is sent
IRn is the nominal information rate (for example, the configured CIR)
Sb is the scaling factor for the remotes Nominal MODCOD
Sa is the scaling factor for the MODCOD at which the data is sent
Table 2. ACM MODCOD Scaling Factors
MODCODScalingFactor
Comments
16APSK 8/9 1.2382 Best MODCOD
16APSK 5/6 1.3415
16APSK 4/5 1.4206
16APSK 3/4 1.5096
16APSK 2/3 1.6661
8PSK 8/9 1.6456
8PSK 5/6 1.7830
8PSK 3/4 2.0063
8PSK 2/3 2.2143
8PSK 3/5 2.4705
QPSK 8/9 2.4605
QPSK 5/6 2.6659
QPSK 4/5 2.8230
QPSK 3/4 2.9998
QPSK 2/3 3.3109
QPSK 3/5 3.6939
QPSK 1/2 5.0596
QPSK 2/5 5.6572
QPSK 1/3 6.8752
QPSK 1/4 12.0749 Worst MODCOD
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For example, assume that a remote is configured with a CIR of 1024 kbps and a Nominal
MODCOD of 16ASPK 8/9. If EIR is not in effect, and data is being sent to the remote at
MODCOD QPSK 8/9, then the resulting information rate is:
IRa= IRnx Sb/ Sa
IRa= 1024 kbps x 1.2382 / 2.4605 = 515 kbpsFor two scenarios showing how CIR and MIR are allocated for a DVB-S2 network in ACM mode,
see page
60and page
62.
Note: When bandwidth is allocated for a remote, the CIR and MIR are scaled to theremotes Nominal MODCOD. At higher levels of the Group QoS tree (BandwidthGroup, Service Group, etc.) CIR and MIR are scaled to the networks bestMODCOD.)
Bandwidth Allocation Fairness
There are two configurable options for bandwidth allocation fairness:
Allocation Fairness Relative To CIR
Allocation Fairness Relative to MODCOD
Enabling or disabling either or both of these options for your Group QoS nodes or for your
physical remotes affects how CIR and MIR bandwidth is apportioned during bandwidth
contention. Allocation Fairness Relative to MODCOD only affects bandwidth allocation on DVB-
S2 ACM outbound carriers. Allocation Fairness Relative to CIR affects bandwidth allocation in
general.
For a detailed explanation of these options, see the Quality of Service chapter in the iBuilder
User Guide. For sample scenarios illustrating the use of these options, see Bandwidth
Allocation Fairness Relative to CIR on page
63and Bandwidth Allocation Fairness Relative
to MODCOD on page
64.
DVB-S2 Configuration
The iBuilder GUI allows you to configure various parameters that affect the operation of your
DVB-S2 networks. For details on configuring DVB-S2, see the iBuilder User Guide. The
following areas are affected:
Downstream Carrier Definition: When you add an ACM DVB-S2 downstream carrier, you
must specify a range of MODCODs over which the carrier will operate. Error correction for
the carrier is fixed to LDPC and BCH. In addition, you cannot select an information rate or
transmission rate for a DVB-S2 carrier as an alternative to the symbol rate, since these
rates will vary dynamically with changing MODCODs.
However, iBuilder provides a MODCOD Distribution Calculator that allows you to estimate
the overall Information Rate for your carrier based on the distribution of the Nominal
MODCODs of the remotes in your network. You can access this calculator by clicking theMODCOD Distribution button on the DVB-S2 Downstream Carrier dialog box. A similar
button allows you to estimate CIR and MIR bandwidth requirements at various levels of
the Group QoS tree.
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Multicast MODCOD: By default, all multicast data on an ACM downstream carrier is
transmitted at the lowest MODCOD of the carrier. You can configure different MODCODs
for your user multicast traffic by selecting Multicast MODCODs for your Multicast
Applications in iBuilder. See the Quality of Service chapter of the iBuilder User Guidefor
details.
Remote Nominal MODCOD and Remote Maximum MODCOD. These remote parameters are
discussed in detail at the beginning of this section. You can configure these parameters on
the Remote QoS tab in iBuilder.
DVB-S2 Line Card Definition: When you add a DVB-S2 line card, you must configure a
second IP port (called the GIG0 port) in addition to the management IP port. All data to
be transmitted on the DVB-S2 downstream carrier is sent to this port.
DVB-S2 Network-Level Parameters: iBuilder allows you to configure the network-level
parameters that control how a DVB-S2 network behaves when ACM is enabled for your
downstream carrier. These parameters affect the behavior of the system during remote
fade conditions.
DVB-S2 Performance MonitoringiMonitor allows you to monitor the following characteristics of your DVB-S2 outbound carriers:
ACM Gain represents the increase in performance achieved on a DVB-S2 outbound carrier
when the MODCOD used to transmit data is higher than the minimum MODCOD configured
for the carrier. ACM Gain can be monitored at the Network, Inroute Group, Remote and Tx
Line card levels of the iMonitor tree.
You can examine how the downstream data is distributed across the range of MODCODs
configured for an ACM carrier. MODCOD distribution can be monitored at the Network,
Remote and Tx Line Card levels of the iMonitor tree.
In an ACM network, each DVB-S2 remote periodically reports its current Signal-to-Noise
Ratio (SNR) to the protocol processor. Based on the remotes last-reported SNR, the
protocol processor determines the maximum MODCOD at which the remote can receivedata. Remote SNR can be monitored at the Network, Inroute Group, and Remote levels of
the iMonitor tree.
A DVB-S2 line card keeps detailed statistics for traffic that is sent from the protocol
processor to the line card and then transmitted by the line card on the DVB-S2 outbound
carrier. DVB-S2 hub line card debug statistics can be monitored at the Tx Line Card level
of the iMonitor tree.
The NMS provides statistics on the operating point of each remote. In iMonitor, you can
use these statistics to determine the percentage of time a remote is operating at its
Nominal MODCOD and at other MODCODs. Although independent of traffic, this allows you
to compare a remotes actual operating point with its configured (or contractual)
operating point and make adjustments to your network in the case of discrepancies.
For details, see the iMonitor User Guide.
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3 Modulation Modes and
FEC Rates
This chapter describes the Modulation Modes and Forward Error Correction (FEC) rates that
are supported in iDX Release 3.0.
iDirect Modulation Modes And FEC RatesiDX Release 3.0 supports star networks with DVB-S2 or iDirect iNFINITI downstream carriers.
Remotes transmit to the hub on either TDMA upstream carriers or SCPC return channels. The
tables in this chapter show the modulation modes and FEC rates supported on iDirect
downstream and upstream carriers.
iNFINITI hardware can only be deployed in networks that transmit iDirect iNFINITI downstream
carriers. iNFINITI hardware cannot be used in DVB-S2 networks. Only TDMA upstream carriers
can be used in networks that transmit iDirect iNFINITI downstream carriers. SCPC return
channels can only be used in DVB-S2 networks.
Only Evolution hardware can transmit or receive DVB-S2 downstream carriers. In addition, a
multichannel line card can only be used to receive multiple upstream channels when deployed
in a DVB-S2 network.
Some Evolution line cards are also capable of transmitting an iDirect iNFINITI downstream
carrier and some Evolution remotes are capable of receiving an iNFINITI downstream carrier.
The types of downstream and upstream carriers that a specific Evolution line card or remote
can transmit and receive depends on the model type of the hardware and on the type of
network (DVB-S2 or iNFINITI) in which the hardware is deployed. In some cases it also depends
on licensing. Please see the iBuilder User Guidefor further details.
TPC Modulation Modes and FEC Rates on page
22specifies the upstream and downstream
Modulation Modes and FEC Rates available when using Turbo Product Code (TPC) Error
Correction used in iNFINITI networks. In DVB-S2 networks, iDirect only supports 2D 16-State
Inbound Coding on upstream carriers. 2D 16-State Inbound Coding for DVB-S2 Networks on
page
23specifies the Modulation Modes and FEC rates available when using 2D 16-State
Inbound Coding.
TPC Error Correction is no longer supported on upstream carriers in DVB-S2 networks. In this
release, 2D 16-State Inbound Coding must be selected for your upstream carriers if you are
using a DVB-S2 downstream.
Note: For specific Eb/No values for each FEC rate and Modulation combination, referto the iDirect Link Budget Analysis Guide, which is available for download fromthe TAC web page located at http://tac.idirect.net.
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TPC Modulation Modes and FEC Rates
TPC Modulation Modes and FEC RatesTable 3on page 22shows the Modulation Modes and FEC Rates available for downstream
carriers and TDMA upstream carriers when using TPC Error Correction. SCPC return channels
can only use 2D 16-State coding; they cannot use TPC Error Correction.
Note: Beginning with iDX Release 3.0, TPC Error Correction is no longer supported onupstream carriers in DVB-S2 networks. 2D 16-State Inbound Coding must beselected for your upstream carriers if you are using a DVB-S2 downstream.
Table 3. TPC Modulation Modes and FEC Rates
Note: For the list of supported DVB-S2 downstream MODCODs, see Table 1onpage 8.
Tx RxSpread
Spectrum
eM1D1, XLC-10, XLC-11 e8350, e800/e850mp,
X5, X3, eP100
X
Tx RxSpread
Spectrum
BPSKBPSK QPSK 8PSK
Block
Size
Payload
Bytes
.533 eM1D1, XLC-11, M1D1 iNFINITI X Yes Yes X 1K 53
.495eM1D1, XLC-11, M1D1 iNFINITI, e8350,
e800/e850mp, X5Yes Yes Yes X 4K 251
.793eM1D1, XLC-11, M1D1 iNFINITI, e8350,
e800/e850mp, X5Yes Yes Yes Yes 4K 404
.879eM1D1, XLC-11, M1D1 iNFINITI, e8350,
e800/e850mp, X5Yes Yes Yes Yes 16K 1800
Tx Rx
Spread
Spectrum
BPSKBPSK QPSK 8PSK
Block
Size
Payload
Bytes
.431 iNFINITI, e8350,e800/e850mp, X5
MxD1, eM1D1,XLC-11,eM0DM (SC mode)
Yes Yes X X 1K 43
.533iNFINITI, e8350,
e800/e850mp, X5
MxD1, eM1D1, XLC-11,
eM0DM (SC mode)Yes Yes Yes X 1K 56
.660iNFINITI, e8350,
e800/e850mp, X5
MxD1, eM1D1, XLC-11,
eM0DM (SC mode)Yes Yes Yes Yes 1K 72
.793iNFINITI, e8350
e800/e850mp, X5
MxD1, eM1D1, XLC-11,
eM0DM (SC mode)X Yes Yes Yes 4K 394
This FEC combination is not recommended for new designs. For new network designs, iDirect recommends using FEC 0.495. If
you have an existing network using FEC 0.533 operating at an information rate of 10 Msps or greater, the network may experienceerrors due to an FEC decoding limitation.
Spread Spectrum: eM1D1, XLC-11, M1D1-TSS and e8350, iConnex e800/e850mp, X5, 8350 only
TDMA 8PSK Rate 0.793 requires Evolution Hub Line Card to receive the upstream carrier
See the DVB-S2 chapter for supported MODCODs and block sizes.
The TDMA Payload Bytes value removes the TDMA header overhead of 10 bytes: Demand=2 + LL=6 + PAD=2. SAR, Encryption,
and VLAN features add additional overhead.
iNFINITI channel framing uses a modified HDLC header, which requires bit-stuffing to prevent false end-of-frame detection. The
actual payload is variable, and always s lightly less than the numbers indicated in the table.
StarNetworks
DVB-S2
Downstream
Hardware Support Modulation and Coding
QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK
ACM or CCM
Modulation Mode
iNFINITI
DownstreamFEC
TDMA
Upstream
FEC
Modulation Mode
Hardware Support
Hardware Support
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2D 16-State Inbound Coding for DVB-S2 Networks
2D 16-State Inbound Coding for DVB-S2 NetworksiDirect supports 2D 16-State Inbound Coding on upstream TDMA and SCPC carriers in DVB-S2
networks. 2D 16-State Coding is extremely efficient inbound coding that provides maximum
flexibility to network designers.
2D 16-State Coding supports three payload sizes: a 100 byte payload (88 byte IP payload), a
170 byte payload (158 byte IP payload), and a 438 byte payload (426 byte IP payload). The
new small payload size has a sixteen byte larger payload than the QPSK .66 1K TPC block,
ensuring the same low latency at call connection for VOIP applications. The large payload size
is similar to the 4k TPC block to allow the same low TDMA overhead performance.The
medium payload size provides an intermediate option when considering the trade off between
bandwidth granularity and reducing the TDMA overhead.
2D 16-State Coding has a number of benefits:
More granular FEC and payload size choices than turbo codes or LDPC
Efficiency gains on average of 1 dB
Cost savings from the use of smaller antenna and BUC sizes Easy implementation since no new network design is required
2D 16-State Coding supports easy mapping of existing TPC to 2D 16-State configurations. For
example, the QPSK 2D16S-100B-3/4 offers similar performance and better spectral efficiency
than the TPC QPSK 1k block with .66 FEC. For detailed options, see the Link Budget Analysis
Guide.
Table 4shows the upstream Modulation and Coding rates available per payload size when
using 2D 16-State Inbound Coding over TDMA. Table 5shows the upstream Modulation and
Coding rates available per payload size when using 2D 16-State Inbound Coding on an SCPC
return channel. Table 6shows the IP payload and block sizes for each supported payload size.
Note: For specific Eb/No values for each FEC rate and Modulation combination, refer
to the Link Budget Analysis Guide for this release.
Table 4. Modulation Modes and FEC Rates for 2D 16-State Inbound Coding over TDMA
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Table 5. Modulation Modes and FEC Rates for 2D 16-State Inbound Coding over SCPC
Table 6. Block Sizes and IP Payload Sizes for 2D 16-State Inbound Coding
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4 iDirect Spread Spectrum
Networks
This section provides information about Spread Spectrum technology in an iDirect network. It
discusses the following topics:
What is Spread Spectrum? on page
25
iDirect iNFINITI Downstream Specifications on page27
TDMA Upstream Specifications on page
28
What is Spread Spectrum?Spread Spectrum is a transmission technique in which a pseudo-noise (PN) code is employed
as a modulation waveform to spread the signal energy over a bandwidth much greater than
the signal information bandwidth. The signal is despread at the receiver by using a
synchronized replica of the pseudo-noise code. By spreading the signal information over
greater bandwidth, less transmit power is required. A sample Spread Spectrum network
diagram is shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13. Spread Spectrum Network Diagram
Spreading takes place when the input data (dt) is multiplied with the PN code (pn
t) which
results in the transmit baseband signal (txb). The baseband signal is then modulated and
transmitted to the receiving station. Despreading takes place at the receiving station when
the baseband signal is demodulated (rxb) and correlated with the replica PN (pnr) which
results in the data output (dr).
Spread
Spectrum transmission is supported on TDMA and SCPC upstream carriers and on
iDirect SCPC downstream carriers. Spread spectrum is not available on DVB-S2 downstream
carriers. Spread Spectrum is employed in iDirect networks to minimize adjacent satellite
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interference (ASI). ASI can occur in applications such as Comms-On-The-Move (COTM) because
the small antennas (typically sub-meter) used on mobile vehicles have a small aperture size,
large beam width, and high pointing error which can combine to cause ASI. Enabling Spread
Spectrum reduces the spectral density of the transmission so that it is low enough to avoid
interfering with adjacent satellites. When receiving through a COTM antenna, Spread
Spectrum improves carrier performance in cases of ASI (channel/interference).
iDirect Spread Spectrum is an extension of BPSK modulation in both upstream and
downstream. The signal is spread over wider bandwidth according to a Spreading Factor (SF)
that you select. For an iNFINITI downstream carrier or for an SCPC upstream carrier, you can
select No Spreading, 2, 4 or 8. You can select a TDMA upstream Spreading Factor of No
Spreading, 2, 4, 8 or 16.
Note: A Downstream Spreading Factor of 8 is only available for Evolution hub linecards transmitting to Evolution Remotes. Upstream Spreading Factors of 8 and16 are only available for Evolution Remotes transmitting to Evolution hub linecards.
Note: The following uses of Spread Spectrum require a license from iDirect: Upstream
Spread Spectrum for Evolution X5 and eP100 remotes; Upstream SpreadSpectrum for the XLC-11 line card; and Downstream Spread Spectrum for theXLC-11 line card.
Each symbol in the spreading code is called a chip. The spread rate is the rate at which
chips are transmitted. For example, selecting No Spreading means that the spread rate is one
chip per symbol (which is equivalent to regular BPSK). Selecting a Spreading Factor of 4
means that the spread rate is four chips per symbol.
An additional Spreading Factor, COTM SF=1, can be selected for upstream TDMA carriers only.
If you select COTM SF=1, there is no spreading. However, the size of the carrier unique word is
increased, allowing mobile remotes to remain in the network when they might otherwise drop
out. An advantage of this spreading factor is that you can receive error-free data at a slightly
lower C/N compared to regular BPSK. However, carriers with COTM SF=1 transmit at a slightly
lower information rate.
COTM SF=1 is primarily intended for use by fast moving mobile remotes. The additional unique
word overhead allows the remote to tolerate more than ten times as much frequency offset
as can be tolerated by regular BPSK.
That makes COTM SF=1 the appropriate choice when the
Doppler effect caused by vehicle speed and acceleration is significant even though the link
budget does not require spreading. Examples include small maritime vessels, motor vehicles,
trains, and aircraft. Slow moving, large maritime vessels generally do not require COTM SF=1.
Spread Spectrum can also be used to hide a carrier in the noise of an empty transponder.
However, Spread Spectrum should not be confused with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA),
which is the process of transmitting multiple Spread Spectrum channels simultaneously on the
same bandwidth.
Spread Spectrum may also be useful in situations where local or RF interference isunavoidable, such as hostile jamming. However, iDirect designed the Spread Spectrum feature
primarily for COTM and ASI mitigation. iDirect Spread Spectrum may be a good solution for
overcoming some instances of interference or jamming, but it is recommended that you
discuss your particular application with iDirect sales engineering.
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Spread Spectrum Hardware Components
Spread Spectrum Hardware ComponentsThe Hub Line Cards (HLC) that support Spread Spectrum are the iNFINITI M1D1-TSS line card,
the Evolution eM1D1 line card, and the Evolution XLC-11 line card. (An XLC-11 line card must
be licensed for upstream and/or downstream Spread Spectrum before this feature can be
enabled on the line card.)
The iNFINITI M1D1-TSS line card occupies two slots in the hub chassis. Therefore, you can
have a maximum of 10 iNFINITI M1D1-TSS line cards in one 20 slot chassis. Also, you cannot
install an M1D1-TSS line card in slot 20. Evolution eM1D1 and XLC-11 line cards only require a
single slot.
Note: You must install the M1D1-TSS HLC in a slot that has one empty slot to the right.For example, if you want to install the HLC in slot 4, slot 5 must be empty. Be surethat you also check chassis slot configuration in iBuilder to verify that you are notinstalling the HLC in a reserved slot.
The remotes that support spread spectrum are the iNFINITI 8350, the Evolution e8350, and
the iConnex e800 and e850mp. The Evolution X5 and eP100 support upstream SpreadSpectrum if Spread Spectrum is licensed on the remote. Other remotes do not currently
support spread spectrum.
Supported Forward Error Correction (FEC) RatesThe upstream and downstream FEC rates that are supported for Spread Spectrum in this
release are described in the tables in Modulation Modes and FEC Rates on page
21.
iDirect iNFINITI Downstream SpecificationsThe Spread Spectrum specifications for an iDirect iNFINITI downstream carrier are outlined in
Table 7.
Table 7. Spread Spectrum: Downstream Specifications
PARAMETERS VALUES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Modulation BPSK Other Modulations not supported
Spreading Factor No Spreading, 2, 4, 8 SF=8 requires Evolution hardware
Symbol Rate 64 ksym/s - 15 Msym/s
Chip Rate 15 Mchip/s maximum
BER Performance Refer to the iDirect Link Budget Analysis
Guide
Occupied BW 1.2 * Chip Rate Plus hub downcoverter oscillator
stability factor
Spectral Mask IESS-308/309, MIL-STD 188xxx
Carrier Suppression > -30 dBc
Hardware Platforms M1D1-TSS HLC; Evolution eM1D1, XLC-11
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TDMA Upstream Specifications
TDMA Upstream SpecificationsThe specifications for the spread spectrum upstream channel are outlined in Table 8. The
Spreading Factor COTM 1, used in fast moving mobile applications, is described on page
26.
SCPC Upstream SpecificationsThe Spread Spectrum specifications for an SCPC upstream carrier are outlined in Table 7.
Table 8. Spread Spectrum: TDMA Upstream Specifications
PARAMETERS VALUES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Modulation BPSK Other Modulations not supported
Spreading Factor No Spreading, COTM SF=1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 SF8 and 16 require Evolution hardware
Symbol Rate 64 ksym/s - 7.5 Msym/s
Chip Rate 7.5 Mchip maximum
BER Performance Refer to the iDirect Link Budget Analysis
Guide
Maximum Frequency Offset 1.5% * Fsym
Unique Word Overhead 128 symbols
Occupied Bandwidth 1.2 * Chip Rate
Hardware Platforms iNFINITI series 8350; Evolution e8350,
iConnex e800/e850mp, X5, eP100
Table 9. Spread Spectrum: SCPC Upstream Specifications
PARAMETERS VALUES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Modulation BPSK Other Modulations not supported
Spreading Factor No Spreading, 2, 4, 8
Symbol Rate 128 ksym/s - 15 Msym/s
Chip Rate 15 Mchip/s maximum
BER Performance Refer to the iDirect Link Budget Analysis
Guide
Occupied BW 1.2 * Chip Rate
Hardware Platforms Evolution e8350, iConnex e800/e850mp,
Evolution X5
Evolution X5 requires licenses for
spread spectrum and SCPC return
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5 Multichannel Line Cards
Introduced in iDX Release 3.0, Multichannel Line Cards are receive-only Evolution line cards
capable of receiving up to eight upstream carriers simultaneously. A Multichannel Line Card
can receive either TDMA upstream carriers or SCPC return channels with appropriate
licensing.
Multichannel Line Card Model TypesThere are two iDirect Multichannel Line Card model types:
Evolution XLC-M
Evolution eM0DM
Note: You must allow for 60 Watts of power for each Multichannel Line Card in a 20slot chassis. Total available power for each 20 slot chassis model type isspecified in the Series 15100 Universal Satellite Hub (5IF/20-Slot) Installationand Safety Manual.
Multichannel Line Card Receive ModesWhen you configure a Multichannel Line Card in iBuilder, you must select one of the following
receive modes for the line card:
Single Channel TDMA
Multiple Channel TDMA
Multiple Channel SCPC
Note: Single Channel SCPC Mode is only available for Evolution eM1D1 line cards.
Note: Both the XLC-M and eM0DM line cards were available in earlier releases withsingle channel TDMA support only. If you have deployed these model types in
your networks, they will automatically be set to Single Channel TDMA receivemode when you upgrade from a pre-iDX 3.0 release.
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Multichannel Line Card Restrictions and Limits
Multichannel Line Card Restrictions and LimitsThe following restrictions apply to Multichannel Line Cards:
All upstream carriers received by an Evolution XLC-M or eM0DM line card must be the
same carrier type. You cannot configure a Multichannel Line Card to receive both SCPCand TDMA carriers at the same time.
All TDMA upstream carriers received by a Multichannel Line Card must be in the same
Inroute Group.
An Inroute Group can contain a maximum of 16 TDMA upstream carriers.
All TDMA upstream carriers received by a Multichannel Line Card must have the same
Modulation, FEC Rate, and Symbol Rate.
SCPC upstream carriers received by a Multichannel Line Card can have different
Modulations, FEC Rates, and Symbol Rates.
All TDMA upstream carriers received by a Multichannel Line Card must be on the same
transponder.
Multiple Channel TDMA, Multiple Channel SCPC, and Single Channel SCPC modes are onlysupported in DVB-S2 networks. Since DVB-S2 networks require 2D 16-State Inbound
Coding, the upstream carriers cannot be configure to use TPC coding when any of these
modes are selected. (See Modulation Modes and FEC Rates on page
21for specifications
on all supported carrier types.)
Note: Single Channel TDMA is supported in both DVB-S2 and iNFINITI networks. Youcan continue to use upstream TPC coding in this mode in iNFINITI networks.
All upstream carriers received by Multichannel Line Card must be completely within a 36
MHz operational band, including the roll off resulting from the 1.2 carrier spacing. The
operational band must fall between 950 MHz and 1700 MHz for an XLC-M line card and
between 950 MHz and 2000 MHz for an eM0DM line card. (See Table 10.)
Both per-carrier and composite symbol rate limits apply for TDMA and SCPC. (See Table10.)
There is a 40 Mbps composite information rate limit on SCPC return channels on
Multichannel Line Cards. The total for all channels received by the line card cannot
exceed 40 Mbps.
Note: When approaching the 40 Mbps composite information rate limit for SCPCreturn carriers on a multichannel line card, limits may apply to individualhigh-rate carriers. For details, see the Release Notes for your version of iDXRelease 3.0.
Licenses are required to configure Multichannel Line Cards in TDMA and SCPC
multichannel modes for more than one channel. (See the iDirect Features and Chassis
Licensing Guidefor details.) A license is not required for TDMA single channel receive
mode, or to configure a single channel in TDMA or SCPC multichannel mode.
Spread Spectrum is not supported on Multichannel Line Cards.
Note: Unlike iDX Release 2.3, in iDX Release 3.0 TRANSEC is not supported on eM0DMline cards in any receive mode.
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Multichannel Line Card Restrictions and Limits
Table Table 10shows various parameters associated with the Multichannel Line Card.
Table 10. Multichannel Receive Line Card Parameters
Note: For Upstream TDMA and SCPC Modulation Modes and FEC Rates, see
Modulation Modes and FEC Rates on page
21.For details on how to configure Multichannel Line Cards and on how to add carriers to
Multichannel Line Cards, see the iBuilder User Guide.
Hardware TypeOperating Mode Single Channel TDMA Multichannel SCPC Multichannel TDMA
L-Band Frequency MIN (MHz) 950 950 950
L-Band Frequency MAX (MHz)1700 (XLC-M)
2000 (eM0DM)
1700 (XLC-M)
2000 (eM0DM)
1700 (XLC-M)
2000 (eM0DM)
IF Bandwidth (MHz) N/A 36 36
Max Composite Symbol Rate (ksym) N/A N/A 7500
Max Composite Information Bit Rate (Mbps) N/A 40 N/A
Channels per card 11 (default)
up to 8 (license required)
1 (default)
up to 4 (license)
up to 8 (license)
Max Symbol Rate (ksym) per carrier 750