Technical Report on Glider... (2)ghh

5/19/2018 Technical Report on Glider... (2)ghh

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Introduction

What is a glider???

Glider is flying drones that have the ability to glide through the air for a certain period

of time.

Generally, the ratio between the wingspan and the fuselage is 1.618 which is the

golden ratio that we put on a glider.

A glider supposes to have either a wide wingspan or have a bigger scale on the width

of the wing. This is the property that a glider needs to have in order to obtain

maximum gliding capability.

A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the sport of gliding. They have

rigid wings and an undercarriage. Some gliders, known as motor gliders are also used

for gliding and soaring, but have engines which can be used for extending a flight and,

for some types, for take-off. Aircraft such as hang gliders and paragliders are foot-

launched, though their differences from sailplanes are covered below. Glider aircraft

that are used for purposes other than recreation, for example for military purposes, do

not soar.

Sports gliders benefit from creating the least drag for any given amount of lift, and

this is best achieved with long, thin wings and a fully faired narrow cockpit. Aircraft

with these features are able to climb efficiently in rising air and can glide long

distances at high speed with a minimum loss of height in between.


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HISTORY OF A GLIDER

The work with gliders in Germany by the Lilienthal brothers, Otto and Gustav (1849-1933),

was, arguably, the most important aerial effort prior to that of the Wright brothers, Wilbur

and Orville. Otto Lilienthal's numerous flights, over 2,000 in number, demonstrated beyond

question that unpowered human flight was possible, and that total control of an aerial device

while aloft was within reach.

Otto Lilienthal's

Portrait.

Lilienthal before takeoff with

small wing-flapping glider - ca.

1894.

Lilienthal before takeoff with

first glider, near the small

village of

Derwitz, outside of Potsdam,

Germany - 1891

Lilienthal after takeoff with

first glider - 1891

Lilienthal in flight - 1895


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Otto abilities as an engineer, mathematician placed him at the forefront of aerial

experimentation during the mid-1890's. Otto and his brother Gustav made numerous

measurements of lift and drag of various aerofoils during 1874, which they published

in 1889. Otto Lilienthal's aerial influence was widespread, and his work was well-

known within the U.S. Photographs and engravings depicting Lilienthal in flight were

printed in many magazines and journals, and the effect then of seeing a human aloft

with great arching wings can hardly be imagined. Even though his total time aloft was

rather limited, his 2,000 flights were seen as heralding the coming age of what was

then called "Manflight."

Otto Lilienthal's glider collapsed during a flight on August 9, 1896, and he suffered

severe injuries. His death, the following day at a hospital in Berlin, was considered a

distinct blow to progress in the aerial arts.

Sir George Cayley's gliders achieved brief wing-borne hops from around 1849. Otto

Lilienthal built (barely) controllable gliders in the 1890s using weight shift with

which he could ridge soar. The Wright Brothers achieved full control in the early

1900s using movable surfaces, to which they successfully added an engine.

After World War I gliders were built for sporting purposes in Germany (Rhn-

Rossitten Gesellschaft) and in the United States (Schweizer brothers). Germany's

strong links (continuing today) to gliding were to a large degree due to Post-WWI

regulations forbidding the construction and flight of motorised planes in Germany, so

the country's aircraft enthusiasts often turned to gliders and were actively encouraged

by the German government.


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SONIC SILHOUETTE

SONIC represent the Speed of Sound and SILHOUETTE represent dark shadow form

when aircraft fly beneath the sun.

We take the concept of a dihedral wing-shape. As we know that a glider can glide longer with

the wide area of their wing.


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PROTOTYPE

Gulls Wing Type.

This is the first prototype. The Gulls Wing type

glider. It has the has the great hovering time but a

short distance.

The fuselage is too thin it makes the glider lost of

direction when there is turbulence.

Wide Ace

This is the second prototype. There is a major

adjustment to the fuselage it has a thin and wide

area fuselage. The horizontal stabilizer is fitted

together to the body,

The major fault in this prototype is weight. No

accuracy sometimes can glide sometimes cannot.Need an assist of the windy wind.

Hydra

This is the third prototype of our glider. It has the

wing and a vertical stabilizer. But if u see it at a

different angle its shape like a trio-vertical

stabilizer.

It has minor defects such as it cannot glide

smoothly through the air because of the

equilibrium of the wing and vertical stabilizer.


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Idea Design

Materials

Tools

BuildFlight Test

Recorded Sonic Silhouette

PROCEDURE

Process flow of building our glider


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DESIGN

PART OF GLIDER DESCRIPTION

Fuselage

Has smooth surface to preventair disturbance

Wing Have very high aspect ratios To increase the efficiency of a

wing

They produce less drag for the

amount of lift they generate.

Have airfoil shape

Elevator(horizontal stabilizer)

The best design horizontalstabilizer to keep the glider flyfurther.

Rudder(vertical stabilizer)

Support the elevator

Provide good vertical stabilizer

to prevent from stall.


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Preparation

These are the item that required to build the Sonic Silhoutte:

Foamboard Tape

Double Tape

Straw

Paper

Glue

Coins (for weight)

Sandpaper

Cutter knife


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SONIC SILLHOUETTE SCALE


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CONSTRUCTION

Wing

1.

Firstly, you need to measure the foamboard based on the design by using a ruler and

mark the design shape on the foam.

2.

After that, carefully cut the foam using a cutter by following the design pattern.

3. Then use the sand paper to smooth out the edges from the cutting.

4. Then, after both of the wings have finished cutting you need to use the tape as an

extra structure (frame) to make the wing structure stronger.

5. Next joint all the structure as shown in the design.


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Stabilizer Elevator and Rudder

1.

Stabilizer need to be attached to the aft of the fuselage for better gliding.

2.

Maximum cellephone tape are used to act as either a weight or fittings.

3.

The final stage of the design and building is to attach coins to act as a centre of

gravity for the glider at its radome.

Centre Of Gravity

1. In order for the glider to archive the maximum stability during gliding.

2.

You need to do a several testing on the C of G because it is depends on the design of

your glider. Based on this design you need to put the coins at the radome.


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THE LAUNCH

Despite that we have to launch in rainy day, our glider was perfect in gliding and has

a smooth movement during the gliding.

But it is slightly bank to the left due to wing dihedral angle inbalance or maybe

because the stabilizer not parallel with the wing.

We estimate our glider can achieve a 10 feet -20 feet glide distance and maybe even

more further .


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CONCLUSION

If we follow the ratio of the fuselage and the wing that is (1.618) possibility to hover

in the air will be high.

The hypothesis is bigger the wing span respective to the length of the fuselage the

longer the time taken for glider can glide.

Make sure that center of gravity (CG) located at right place based on design so that

the performance of the glider will maintain at maximum level.

Next time, we can use hot glue gun to attach the part of the glider to increase the

strength of the glider.

For making the glider, team work is the crucial part. If design was great but does not

have chemistry between the team member, surely it will not produce a good glider.

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Technical Report on Glider... (2)ghh