Technical SubstantiationBArch Architecture Year 2. Valerie Cornet 2011/2012

- Unit agenda: Manifesto

- Site

- Construction sequence

- Structure

- Environmental design - Lighting - Fire strategy - Building Section

- Technology - Heating/Cooling/Ventilation - Photovoltaics - Water: Grey water recycling - Solar shading

- Detail: - Integrated Section - Window detail 1 - Window detail 2

- Materiality: - Building skin: Glass - Building skin: Stone

- Surfaces: - Flooring - Walls -Interior Finishes

- Landscaping - Landscape Strategy - Planting Strategy

Contents

In this project I want to create a scheme where the poetry of the architecture reflects the building program. The brief is a film school located in the Truman Brewery complex in Spitalfields, east of London. My concept for this brief came about after analysing different filming techniques. A film consists of many different scenes, these scenes are created in the filming stage, then edited and put together to create a narrative. These scenes are similar to activities carried out in a building. The activities in a building are all separate, but its the architect who creates spaces so that each activity is linked and therefore creating an architecture that is user friendly.

The following pages of my portfolio will demonstrate the process taken to design a building that represents the program and activities inside, starting form the site analysis, to the concept of grouping activities to create scenes and final the finished design.

Unit Agenda: Manifesto:

The SiteSOCIAL:The scheme will help the already existing arts and creative culture present in the area. The school will encourage more young and diverse creatives to this location and to hopefully inject more social and community based projects for the public such as film nights, exhibitions and other interventions.

ECONOMICAL:Placing a school for creatives in this area with a film studio facility, which could be hired out by professionals, will bring more commerce to the area by turning Grey Eagle Street and Truman Brewery into a sort after location. There will be a rise in staff, students, film produces, cast and technicians within the area to drive more commerce in local shops, bars and cafes. I propose to remove the brick wall that divides the proposed site and the old Truman Brewery to create a large thoroughfare and a more accessible public space within the grounds of the Brewery.

ENVIRONMENT:Remodelling the existing outdoor space in the Truman Brewery complex to incorporate a green space will encourage more outdoor activity in on the site. The green area would not only introduce a grass area but a planed area where edible plants as apple trees, wild garlic, blueberries, plum trees and so on, could be planted for the local community and visitors.

The building itself will have a number of eco technology interventions such as grey water recycling, photovoltaics, heat pumps and screen printed solar shading to allow the uses to work and live in a healthy environment.

The site

Residential

Commercial

Main road 1Main road 2

The images taken by fellow students on the site visit show the existing chosen site in context.

A. North east elevation (cornet of Calvin Street and Grey Eagle Street) show the new development under construction and the link between the Brewery and the site.

B. This panoramic shows the south east elevation (corner of Crobet Place and Grey Eagle Street) and the current relationship of building heights between neighbouring buildings.

C. This image shows the east elevations of the existing site which faces the Truman Brewery site carpark. This carpark is currently used as a open social/public space for markets and other cultural events. There is currently a brick wall which separates the proposed site to the old brewery.

SITE Images

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Construction Sequence

A. The chosen site is situated on three different plots. To allow for access and cause less disruption the construction sequence will be divided into three stages. The first stage is to demolish existing building to construct film school and accommodation. Construction on this building will require the longest time and is the more complex of the three interventions.

B. This plot will house the filming studios. Building works will disrupt any filming to take place, therefore this part of the building is left to the second stage as the building is smaller and less complex in comparison to building A.

C. Remove wall dividing the site from the Brewery car park to create open thoroughfare and redevelop existing public space to incorporate vegetation. This intervention will commence once the building is almost complete as this may restrict heavy machinery from accessing the site.

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Structural SystemThe rigid steel frame system has been used in this design using steel columns and beams with concrete floor slabs. This system is widely used for building of 20 floors or less and the choice of materials allows for more glazing area which is the primary facade material. Foundations include bored piles with reinforced cage and concrete infill.

Footprint:34859mm x 18006mmBuilding height: 51264mm (from GL to roof, not including sub levels)Distance between columns: 8089.75mm / 3876.5mmColumn size: 500mm x 500mm

Ground Level

Fire Strategy Following building standards notes of fire regulations the building will eb equipt with the following:- Fire alarms- Smoke detectors- A sprinkler system on every level- Fire extinguishers- Fire resistant doors and glazing- Protected enclosures (foyer on each floor)- Means of escape

My original drawings in the portfolio show that some floors did not have the adequate means of escape. The revised plans shoe that additional stairs have been included as a means of escape reducing the travel distance to a fire escape.

A - Entrance foyer with ticket sales / reception deskB - GalleryC - Film projection storageD - Film projection roomE - Cinema 1F - StoreroomG - Main receptionH - Toilets

J - VoidK - GalleryL - GalleryM - ToiletsN - StoreroomO - Cinema 2P - Production support

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G - Small group editing suiteH - VoidI - Open editing suiteJ - Small group editing suiteK - Large group editing suiteL - StoreroomM - Toilets

A - Small group editing suiteB - Open editing suiteC - Private editing suiteD - Small group editing suiteE - StoreroomF - Toilets

G - Learning kitchen and diningH - VoidI - Large ClassroomJ - StoreroomK - Toilets

L - VoidM - LibraryN - Toilets

A - Informal work areaB - ClassroomC - ClassroomD - ClassroomE - StoreroomF - Toilets

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Revised: Emergency escape

Revised: Emergency escape

E - Staff room kitchenF - Staff diningG - VoidH - StoreroomI - Toilets

A - Open-plan staff roomB - Meeting areaC - StoreroomD - Toilets

A - Student apartmentsB - Communal areaC - VoidD - Student apartmentsE - Laundry room

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Revised: Emergency escape

Revised: Emergency escape

Revised: Enclosed foyer wall

A - Student apartmentsB - Communal areaC - VoidD - Student apartmentsE - Laundry room

Building section

Lighting

Recesses Smartform LED BBS415 lighting system with LED technology is designed to fit in a wide range of ceiling types.SmartForm LED offers higher luminaire efficiency than conventional MLO (micro-lens optic) solutions, enabling significant energy savings. At the same time, its choice of optics ensures a range of inspiring light effects to bring office environments to life.

Suspended SmartForm LED BPS460/462/464 lighting system.Designed for use in offices, shops and schools, the suspended luminaires combines best-in-class lighting with a clean, distinctive design. With its wide choice of very efficient and comfortable micro-optics and covers, SmartForm suspended provides the ideal solution for every situation.

Featuring Philips Marker LED in combination with a diffusing glass cover, this luminaire is a clearly visible marker with a uniform light output. The Marker LED RGB version enables dynamic colour changes, opening up a wide range of creative options and effects.

Cinema floor lights:Work areas:Circulation areas:

Recesses Smartform LED BBS415 lighting system with LED technology is designed to fit in a wide range of ceiling types.SmartForm LED offers higher luminaire efficiency than conventional MLO (micro-lens optic) solutions, enabling significant energy savings. At the same time, its choice of optics ensures a range of inspiring light effects to bring office environments to life.

MASTER LEDlamps DimTone 8-40W B22 WW ,delivers the warm, defined beam and the shift to warmer colour during dimming that is provided by halogen and GLS, while offering the energy savings, minimised maintenance costs and extended lifetime of LED lamps. Enabling maximum warmth and ambiance at lower dimming levels. The DimTone feature means light colour shifts from regular warm white at maximum light output to warmer white at lowest light under full dimming, same as halogen and GLS. Further efficiency and energy savings are offered under such dimmed conditions.

Novallure D 3-15W B15 2700K B35 CL delivers incandescent-like sparkling light effects, Novallure LED candle and luster bulbs are ideal for general and decorative lighting in the hospitality industry, as well as in home environments. Drawing upon inputs from chandelier makers and designed to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the chandelier or luminaire, not only when lit but also when not, these lamps come in a classical slender shape with a unique, eye-catching lens design. They produce a beautiful sparkling warm light that delivers huge energy savings and minimises maintenance cost.

Mezzanine area lamps:Living area lamps:Gallery areas:

heating / Cooling / ventilationMicrogeneration - Air source heat pumps - air to air:An air source heat pump extracts heat from the outside air in the same way that a fridge extracts heat from its inside. It can get heat from the air even when the temperature is as low as -15°C. Heat pumps have some impact on the environment as they need electricity to run, but the heat they extract from the air is constantly being renewed naturally.

The central component of a heat pump is the compressor. This is usually driven by an electric motor, although gas engine driven compressors are also available. As heat is absorbed from the heat source the ‘working’ circulating fluid evaporates changing from liquid to gas. This vapour is then compressed causing it to heat up. The heat from this process is absorbed via a heat exchanger’ into the building’s heating system.

A heat pump can also be used for cooling with the addition of a valve to reverse the direction of the working fluid.

Air pump units to be placed on the south side of the building.

PhotovoltaicsTo help with energy costs Photovoltaic panels will be placed on the roof. The PV system will use the hybrid cell panels mounted on frames specifically designed for flat roofs.

Hybrid modules contain a layer of both amorphous and crystalline cells providing best all round performance. Although more expensive, they provide much better output per m2. This is particularly useful when the roof is limited. Compared to other technologies, Hybrid PV Panels will generate more kilowatt hours per year.

Frame Mounted PV Systems pitch the photovoltaic panels at the optimum angle towards the sun to increase energy production. In many cases, the panels can be positioned to face directly south to further maximise output. The Photovoltaic panels (1) are attached to a frame (2) that is mechanically fixed to a concrete weight (3). The concrete weight acts as a ballast and simply sits on top of your roof preventing any movement of the pv system. This method avoids penetrating the roof material, however, the building’s roof structure (4) will bear the load of the pv system including ballast, so a structural survey will need to be conducted to calculate the strength of your roof. This system is commonly installed on large flat concrete roofs in schools, factories and large public buildings.

Photovoltaic System on roofFrame mounted Photovoltaic System

Water: Grey water recyclingGrey Water Systems collect bath and shower water which is then filtered, disinfected and recycled for the use of toilet flushing. The quantity of water used for hand basins, showers and baths is similar to that used for toilet flushing. In most buildings water consumption will be reduced by 50%. Supply roughly equates to demand as each person is generating their own water. These systems have been installed in offices, warehouses, retail centres and hotels.

1. The filter unit with electronically controlled flushing facility.2. Pre-recycling chamber for advance cleaning and main recycling chamber for the 2nd stage of the bio-mechanical cleaning process.3. Fully automatic sediment disposal sucks organic sediments out of the biomechanical cleaning process into the waste water drain.4. The automatic drinking water back-up supply is triggered on demand.5. The water is sterilised by the UV lamp. This renders it odourless and storable for a long period.6. The clear water chamber stores the water until it is ready for re-use.7. The pressure pump supplies the recycled water on demand and supports the automatic filter flushing.8. User-friendly control unit with energy saving and self-test function.

Filter unit to be placed in building basement, under bathroom core.

Main placement of bathrooms

Solar ShadingPlaying with the view of London’s skyline and to also provide solar shading, the large glazing panels will be screen printed to diffuse direct sunlight light into the rooms.

Silk-screened glass can be specified for both exterior and interior applications. When used on building exteriors, the painted surface must be protected from direct contact with the environment and is normally found in an insulating glass unit. Combining silk-screened glass with clear, tinted, Low-E, or reflective glass, can control light transmittance; reduce solar heat gain and its aesthetic and performance characteristics are enhanced. The chosen images to be screen printed on the glazing are of clouds. These images are chosen to play with the existing view of London. The effect is to create the illusion of a city that is hidden within the clouds.

Example of screen printed glass

Screen printed cloud pattern onto glazing

Glazing

Diagram of application

Exterior, view of the city.

View of editing suit, with screen printed solar shading glazing

Integrated sectionThe aim of the spaces within the building is to create a minimalist look. My intentions are so that the walls act as a frame for the large glazed wall at the end of the room showing the London skyline behind screen printed semi transparent clouds.

A. Editing SuiteB. Editing SuiteC. Gallery/entrance voidD. Exterior

A 1:20 drawing of the intergated section is located towards the end of my portfolio.

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window detail oneA single skin (curtain wall) system is placed around the entire building. The glazing frame is hidden behind the glass sheets and is attached to building’s structure. This is to create an almost seamless finish from the exterior. Sunshade rollers are hidden between the floor slabs and the window frame for solar control. This glazing system is used in the large atrium spaces and open plan spaces, e.g entrance, teachers staff room production suite atrium and learning level atrium.

1. Double glazed curtain wall facade2. Steel plate for sound insulation3. Joint between glass panels4. Glazing subframe5. Sealant 6. Plate decking for cable trough7. Floor mounted electrical outlet8. Cable trough9. Cement screed floor finish10. Concrete subfloor11. Steel beam12. Sun shade roller blind13. Ceiling system hanger14. Suspended ceiling system hanger

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View of glazing in learning level atrium, with screen printed solar shading

Window detail twoA second internal skin is placed in spaces that require privacy and noise control. This is done by adding a second internal glazing system that is openable with sliding window panels. This is applied in the student apartments, library, classrooms, editing studios and toilets.

The ventilation system is then hidden in the ceiling and fresh air is pumped into the room when the internal window is opened.

1. Double glazed curtain wall facade2. Steel plate for sound insulation3. Joint between glass panels4. Glazing subframe5. Aluminium profile6. Ventilation opening7. Glass sliding panels8. Cement screed floor finish9. Concrete subfloor10. Steel beam11. Sun shade roller blind12. Mounting for sliding glazing system13. Climate control ventilation duct14. Frame to sliding class panels15. Double glazed sliding panels16. Suspended ceiling system hanger17. Sound insulation

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View of glazing in student apartment

Building Skin: GlassGLAZING SYSTEMS:The proposed building envelope consist of a glass curtain wall. I have looked at different types of glazing available which could be used in this project.

Transparent stone glazing:Thin natural stone veneer laminated to glass allowing light transmitting through the stone. Stone panels allow the authentic beauty of stone to stand uninterrupted, making it possible to achieve seamless, monolithic walls of backlit onyx and other natural stones.

Laminate glass:This offers a range of coloured glass and finishes. This safety glass product combines energy efficiency, extremely high shading coefficient, and unique design (using customary colours). The building on the left has used an onyx black glass.

Etched glass:This system is created by blasting sand onto glass to create an image or pattern. The treated area becomes translucent while the untreated areas remain transparent.

Textured glass:This product is manufactured by casting and rolling the glass between two moulded cylinders. This extremely precise process leaves a crisp, textured effect on the glass. One face of the glass is texture and the other is smooth.

Back printed glass:The digitally printed inks, printed on the back of the glass is scratch resistant. Using your a personalised image or pattern it is possible to create unique cladding. It is non-transparent yet Translucent.

Privacy glass:To remove the use of blinds privacy can be activated in these glazing systems by a flick of a switch. The method is achieved by conducting electricity to a polymer liquid-crystal optic film sandwiched between two sheets of class creating a transparent glazing panel to be translucent.

The images above show the proposed building envelope concept using a one way onyx black laminated glass panel. This will allow light to enter the building whilst creating a almost seamless black reflective skin from the outside.

The glazed wall form the interior The glazed wall form the exterior

Utrecht Library, Wiel AretsUniversity library in the Netherlands

The box of doom uses textured black concrete (for private spaces) and large section of glazing that is imprinted with bamboo forests. The filtered light renders a dark interior space that relies on red furniture by Quinze & Milan for brightness.

The Black Diamond, Schmidt Hammer Lassen K/SWaterfront extension to the Royal Danish Library.

The Royal Library represents a break away from the traditional library structure by housing a wide variety of cultural facilities. The Diamond floats on a ribbon of raised glass. The ribbon of glass offers views into the foyer from the exterior and panoramic views of the entire waterfront from within. The building has seven stories plus a basement. Its twisted shape and inclined facades are dynamic features clearly distinguished from the traditional square angles of the original library building.

Glass Facade specIFicationPilkington K Glass™ has a low-emissivity coating which is positioned on the surface of the inner pane that faces into the cavity of the insulating glass unit (IGU). Standard glass absorbs heat then radiates it again on the colder, outside, surface. The low-emissivity coating is a poor radiator of heat, so the heat absorbed by the coated glass does not travel across the air gap to the outer pane and the cooler outside air. Instead the coating reflects the heat back into the room.

Glass facade application

Glass facade applicationPrecedent

Interior precedent

Exterior precedent

Building Skin: StoneTo act as a plinth for the rest of the building’s glass facade to sit on, the first 2 floors of the building’s skin will be clad in Welsh Slate, as well as the filming studio.

Slate is exceptionally uniform and inert. It is extremely resistant to weathering and chemical attack, whilst the negligible water absorption (<0.3%) protects it from frost damage. Welsh slate is in fact arguably the most durable slate in the world and is ideally suited for external and internal cladding of prestigious buildings.

External cladding or internal lining can be held by metal fixings, frames or fixed to precast concrete panels. Masonry units, in course heights of up to 180mm and to random or specified lengths with pillared and sawn faces give the designer extensive flexibility and potential for creative expression

Slate application:The chosen construction technique for this project is a pillared walling finish with the Fine Rubbed, Cwt-y-Bugail Dark Blue Grey slate. This provides a smoother and more contemporary appeal, pillared walling is a traditional material which ensures elegance and natural beauty to urban environment.

Precedent image:Baltic Flour Mill, GatesheadWelsh Slate used on the Ground Floor Art Space and the back wall of the Riverside Café/Bar.

Application of slate diagram

Welsh Slate exterior wall

Surfaces: WallsInterior walls:The majority of the interior walls will be constructed with concrete blocks, insulated with acoustic wool insulation then finished with plaster board. Acoustic insulation is important in this building to eliminate any sound/noise to travel. This construction is particularly important rooms such as editing suites, foley stage, filming studio, classrooms and living accommodation.

Graffiti wall:In the entrance foyer, a mural of key directors in the past and present will be displayed for visitors as a feature wall. This mural wall can be easily added to over the years by many visiting graffiti artists that visit Spitalfields.

Welsh slate:The Welsh slate cladding on the exterior wall will also be used on some internal walls to keep the exterior linked with the interior.

Recycled aluminium tiles:Tiles used in accommodation kitchens will consist of brushed (glossy finish) recycled aluminium tiles. The application if the tiles are exactly the same as ceramic tiles.

Graffiti mural in main entrance foyer of iconic directors

Recycled aluminium tile for learning and accommodation kitchen.

1. Concrete party wall2. Wool acoustic insulation3. Plaster board

Welsh slate tiles for feature walls in entrance, Library and floor lobby.

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Entrance foyer interior. Showing the application of Welsh Slate and the graffiti mural.

Surfaces: FlooringA. Dark grey tightly woven looped wool carpets: For use in cinema 1, 2, editing suites Library and folley stage. Dark hard wearing carpet used to prevent any unwanted reflection and used as soundproofing.

B. Light grey tightly woven wool carpets: For use in living accommodation. Softer and more delicate than the high traffic carpet this is used to add warmth and act as soundproofing.

C. Welsh dark blue grey slate floor tiles in accommodation kitchen.

D. Screed flooring is the main flooring finish in the school. Screed is usually a cementitious material made from a 1:3 or 1:4.5 ratio of cement to sharp sand. It can be applied onto either a solid in-situ concrete ground floor slab or onto a precast concrete floor unit.

E. Image of screed flooring in the building.

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Screed application:1. Screed2. Vapour Barrier3. Insulation4. Concrete slab

Interiors: FinishesThe colour scheme used throughout the school are based on different tones of grey and whites, this neutral palette is inspired by the classic black and white films.

Classrooms/editing suits:1. Low Back Alta Office Chair for classrooms.2. Fine Mod high back office chair for long hours in editing suites.3. Gloss white steel frame desks for classrooms, editing suites and teachers office.

Public/circulation spaces:Seating in public spaces, communal areas and circulation spaces include, Barcelona chair (4) for waiting areas such as cinema, gallery and reception. Large white modern sofas (5) for communal areas for a more relaxed atmosphere.

Accommodation:The student’s apartments all have individual fitted kitchens in a high gloss black finish (6) with recycled aluminium tiles (7). Door handles throughout the school are brushed metal handles (8), this will be used in the accommodation also. Extra large fitted shower heads (9) in accommodation en suites.

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Landscaping StrategyThe strategy for the landscaping is to open up the existing enclosed area and to create a green public space that can hold a variety of events and activities.

A. The model shows that the current access to the Truman Brewery from the main road is to circle around the Brewery and enter the site via the eastern and southern entrances.

B. The model shows that the intervention of removing the existing brick wall, will allow pedestrians to access the site directly from the west. I also propose to close off Grey Eagle Street and pedestrianise the area to create a larger public space.

C. The concept of ‘scenes’ in the main architecture is carried out into the landscape. The sketch diagram shows the different scenes (moments) that can be carried out in the space. The different materials used will help allocate what activities are done in the areas.

D. Precedent: Remove wall dividing the site from the Brewery car park to create open thoroughfare and redevelop existing public space to incorporate vegetation. Concept based on for the Performing Arts.

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1. Part of the landscaping strategy is to attract the local community to use this space for recreation. By planting edible plants people are able to pick their own fruit and herbs, making this a more interactive space. The planting will be placed in large concrete planters which will double up as seating.

2. The paved areas across the grass and water not only create a walk way through the landscape but can also be used for activities such as markets or to place sculpture.

3. Water has always been used to create a sense of calm in a landscape. Shallow pools offer moments of calm in the centre. This space can also be used for play as the water feature in Millennium Square, Bristol.

4. Adding a grass area to the landscaping will encourage the students, and the local community to enjoy a green area for recreation, events, eating and relaxation.

Film School

Film Studio

Brewery Square

Edible planting

Paved area

Shallow pool

Grassed area

Planting StrategyTrees:Single and multi-stemmed small sized trees (5m+ high), to be planted in large concrete planters to create shelter for seating area. These species are chosen to create an edible urban landscape.

Fruit Trees Species:1. Pyrus communis Conference (Conference Pear), 5 - 7m mature height2. Malus Cox’s Orange Pippin (Apple), 5 – 7m mature height3. Prunus domestica Victoria (Plum), 5 – 10m mature height

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Shrubs and ground cover plants:Smaller hardy vegetation is to be added to the seating planters to encourage moisture retention. The species of plants have been chosen to stimulate the senses such as sight, smell, taste and touch.WW

Shrub and ground cover species:1. Gooseberry ‘Xenia’, Gooseberry ‘Hinninmaki Yellow’ and Gooseberry ‘Invicta’ 2. Vaccinium angustifolium (Lowbush blueberries) 30cm mature height3. Ramsons, Allium ursinuma (Wild Garlic), 30cm mature height4. Petroselinum hortense (Parsley) 5. Thymus mongolicus (Lemon Thyme)

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Fruit trees planted in precast concrete planters. Sprinkler system to be incorporated in the raised beds

Edible shrubs, fruit and herbs

Precast concrete planters with cantilevered seating slab around the planter

Planters and seating area

Exterior, landscaping view