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7/28/2019 Technological Solutions for Restoration Works
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Technological solutions for works restoration
Note: Laser application on canvas paintings is still experimental.Laser is successfully applied on stone, stucco, wall paintings,gilded surfaces, and wooden artworks.
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COMPANY PROFILE
El.En. is the parent company of an internationalgroup of companies established for developing
and producing laser systems for medicine,
industry and scientific research.
Since its establishment in 1981, El.En. S.p.A.has constantly increased its turnover, with an
extremely rapid growth in production and theacquisition of new markets, when has helped it
to attain a leading position on the world market..
Thanks to the internal know-how that has grown
continuously over the years, the company hasset up
numerous production lines in the medical andindustrial fields, concentrating primarily on the
realization of CO2, Nd:YAG, Holmium, Erbium,Excimer and Dye lasers.
The company invests approximately 15% of itsannual turnover in research and development of
new systems and applications, El.En. makes useof internal graduate and post-graduate
researchers who work in close collaboration withnumerous universities along with international
and national research institutes, like the C.N.R.,E.N.E.A. and I.N.O.A.
As a result of the experience acquired throughthe participation with national research groups,
since 2000, El.En. S.p.A. has activated aninternal production line for laser systems for the
world of conservation. In 2005 El.En. S.p.A..expanded its collaboration with the affiliated
company, Quanta System S.p.A., aimed at the
integration of products and activities in thesector of cultural heritage.
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EXPERIMENTATION
Since being founded El.En. S.p.A. and QuantaSystem S.p.A. have set up numerous lines of
research and development in collaboration with
the main national research institutes.
The company is now the thirty-second in Italy(published in Sole 24Ore 2007) for investments in
applied research and it employs university-degreeand PhD researchers who work in close
collaboration with numerous universities and
national research institutes such as the C.N.R.,E.N.E.A. and I.N.O.A.
Ongoing experimentation, also in internationalprojects, constantly increases the exchange of
knowledge and the growth of internal know-how.The El.En. Groups commitment in the cultural
heritage sector receives constant and direct
acclaim from the most important Europeanresearch and protection institutes.
The El.En. Group collaborates with "La Venaria
Reale" Conservation and Restoration Centre.EDUCATION
This activity is carried out by the Scientific
Committee of the El.En, Group with the assistanceof university professors and researchers from the
national research institutes. What is laser? Whatare its applications in the world of restoration?
What are laser diagnostics? The most recent
results of scientific research.the most famousand important restoration sites on-site safety
These are but a few of the issues addressed in
educational forms specially prepared for therestoration schools and operators in this sector.
The El.En. Group collaborates with the IstitutoEuropeo del Restauro Island of Ischia
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YARDS
The laser devices of the El.En. Group have beenused in the most important restoration worksincluding:
the Prophet Abacuc by Donatello, the Door of theMandorla and loggia of the Cupola of the
Cathedral of S. Maria del Fiore, the Rape of theSabines by Giambologna, the Door of Paradise of
the Baptistery, Verrocchios David and Donatellos
Attis in the National Bargello Museum in Florence,the Gaia Fountain by Jacopo della Quercia and the
cycle of frescoes in the Old Sacristy and MantoChapel of S. Maria alla Scala in Siena, the Leaning
Tower and the Door of S. Ranieri of the Cathedralin Pisa, Teodoricos Mausoleum in Ravenna, the
faade of the Certosa in Pavia, the loggia of theDucal Palace in Venice, the Paolina Chapel of the
Palazzi Apostolici in the Vatican, the Cathedral of
Lugarno (CH), the basreliefs of the Holy Sepulchrein Jerusalem, the Cloister of the Cathedral in
Oviedo, the Cloister of the National SculptureMuseum in Valladolid, the door of the Cathedral in
Majorca, Spain, Diocletians Palace in Split andthe door of the Cathedral in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
The El.En. Group is contributing towards the
restoration of Donatellos David at the NationalBargello Museum in Florence, having provided anEos 1000 SFR laser device for recovering the
gilded bronze surfaces of the statue.
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LASER
In just over a few decades, since its firstrealization by T. H. Maiman in 1960, lasers havefound numerous fields of application, from
medicine to industry, aesthetic surgery todecorative arts, scientific research to
environmental monitoring.
This is all thanks to the physical characteristics of
the beam of laser light: monochromaticity, spatialand temporal coherence, unidirectionality and
elevated brilliance. A beam of light is obtainedwhen in the hand of mankind becomes an
extremely flexible instrument capable of adapting
to a wide range of uses.
The advantages common to all lasers consist of itsextreme control precision, limited invasiveness,
absence of mechanical stress due to the absenceof physical contact with the target, elevated
degree of integration in internal processes,silence, the possibility of limiting or eliminating
chemical aids, and the possibility of selectively
interacting only on specific components of organicand inorganic material.
Thanks to these features, laser offers great
advantages in the industrial field, from atechnological and economic point of view,
reducing operating times and also improving
product quality.
The first use in the medical field dates back to1962 when a ruby laser was used for resealing
the retina. It was however, with the advent of theCO2 laser that the field was opened up for a
myriad of surgical applications.
Today this instrument is widely used in all
medical fields, thanks to the constanttechnological research and ever-increasing
understanding of the interaction phenomenabetween the laser light and the tissues.
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LASER FOR ARTISTIC RESTORATION
The demand is growing for increasingly moreaccurate cleaning techniques for conserving thecultural heritage, capable of offering an elevated
selectivity and minimum impact on the originalstructure of the art works.
Laser proposes a solution to meet thisrequirement as they offer the restorer a new
instrument, which can be integrated with thecurrent mechanical and chemical means.
Adopting the laser, therefore, meets the growingneed for technical adaptation, induced by the new
regulations and ever-increasing demand for laser
use by public institutions safeguarding the culturalheritage.
Thanks to the ongoing research, the field of
application on different materials is becomingwider and wider. The use of lasers, both, on stone
surfaces of individual monuments and surfaces ofhistoric buildings is now affirmed and a widely
accepted restoration process.
As a result of constant commitment to internal
research and development, El.En. S.p.A.sproducts have for years been contributing towards
the conservation of the cultural and artisticheritage. Developed in collaboration with the most
important national research centers and verified
at the most important restoration sites, extremelyinnovative solutions have been proposed.
The new collaboration combines 10 years
of experience from Quanta System S.p.A. with theactivities of El.En. S.p.A.'s cultural heritage along
with the activities of El.En. S.p.A. Performing inclose contact with Florence University
researchers, from the scientific center, the
provision of cutting-edge technological solutions,which are constantly validated by the world of
conservation, are used.
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BLACK BOX
Arte Black Box is a device especially designed andcreated to record Information regarding thetransportation of artworks.
By memorizing the humidity, temperature,pressure, lighting, and acceleration values on the
three axes, Arte Black Box controls and
guarantees that artworks are not subjected to anydamage during transport. Arte Black Box, which
does not emit electromagnetic radiations, can bemounted on any type of bracket and used on all
types of vehicles. The autonomy of Art Black Boxis approximately 30 days, and its memory allows
for recording up to 4 GB of data.
The user can extract and replace the powersupply unit. On request the user can also mount
up to 18 sensors.All the volumes monitored have a sensitivity and
accuracy well within the limits enforced byEuropean museum standards. Arte Black Box
comes with software that allows for setting thedata to be recorded, checking the correct
operation of the system, and downloading and
analyzing the data recorded, even remotely. Thesoftware enables selection of the most significant
parameters in order to provide the user with animmediate synthesis of the most important events
occurring during the data recording.
System features:Input number: up to 18 sensors
Sampling rate:programmable, up to 100 HzMemory capability: secure digital memory card,
up to 4 GbStand by time: up to 360 h(1)
Connectivity: USB -uHf -GPrS -IrDA -rS232Integrated sensors type: temperature, humidity,
pressure, visible light, Ir light, uV light, rGB light,
triaxis accelleration
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There are four main advantages in using lasertechnology to clean the surfaces of historic and
artistic interest:Minimum invasiveness
The laser is characterised, first and foremost, by
the absence of physical contact between theinstrument and the surfaces to be treated.
This allows operating on extremely fragile orheavily altered surfaces, even before
consolidation. Moreover, acting directly onthe surfaces, lase do not require the addition
of abrasive materials or the use of chemicalagents. Laser cleaning only requires - where
permitted by the conditions of the art work -
a slight dampening of the surface to be treated
with water.A high degree of controlThe removal of the deteriorated layer can be
gauged in such a way as to involve only a fewmicrons of thickness per single pulse, permitting
the depth to be reached with utmost precision.Selectivity
Lasers exploit the physical principle of the
different light absorption coefficient by thevarious materials depending on their color. The
altered layer to be removed, in the majority ofcases involving black or very dark colors, absorbs
the light completely, allowing for an almostinstantaneous laser removal process (ablation).
Vice-versa, the substrate of the material to bepreserved, usually lighter tones, reflects the light
to a much greater degree, consequently limiting
or impeding the laser action.High precision
The cleaning process only involves the areailluminated by the laser beam, without any
mechanical or heat effects on the surroundingareas. Moreover, lasers that use optic fibers
allow for treating even considerably complexmodeled surfaces. The use of the variable -
focus handpiece offers additional flexibility ofuse, at the same time allowing for the treatmentof large surface areas, or precision working on
extremely minute details.
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WIRELESS REMOTE CONTRO
Forever intent on solving operating problems onrestoration sites, El.En. S.p.A. has now createdthe Bluetooth control panel for its line laser
devices for restoration.An ergonomic system especially designed and
manufactured for integrating and completingall the advantages of using optic fibre laser
systems for restoration.
In this way the restorer operating within a radiusof ten meters no longer needs to move the laser
system.Once the laser is switched on, all the necessary
Operations are set by the control panel.
The long autonomy allows the Bluetooth controlpanel to keep operating well beyond the dayswork on site.
System featuresBluetooth system
Max. use range: 10 metersConnection possibility: open
Modifies parameters in real timeControls: energy frequency, laser system
operabilityRemote alarm management
Autonomy: more than 24 hours (internal
rechargeable Ni-MH battery)Inbuilt battery charger
Weight: 200g
Will not interfere with any other electronicdevices, even wireless.
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SMART CLEAN II
Smart Clean II is an Innovative laser system,designed to clean stone surfaces. The mainfeature, result of a joined research of El.En S.p.A.
and National Research Council laboratories, is thepulse duration (50 - 110 s). This is located
between Q-Switching short-pulse (2-10 ns) modeand those with Normal Free Running long pulse
200-1000 s.
With this laser the cleaning procedures are
optimized and at the same time side effects andinvasiveness on the art works are reduced to a
minimum.
The operator also has a high degree of control,precision and strategic selectivity, essential for
restorations on valuable and modeled surfaces.
The laser beam transport system envisages a 50-metre long optic fiber, making this laser optimal
for use on scaffoldings in restoration yards.
The spot diameter, included between 2 and 8 mm,allows for resolving with extreme ease every
possible requirement, as well as obtaining a highlevel of efficiency and productivity.
System featuresWavelength: 1064 nm
Pulse duration: 50 110 sMaximum energy per pulse: 2 J
Energy: selectable between: 200 1400 mJ (step
100 mJ), 1600 1800 - 2000 mJRepetition frequency: selectable between single
pulses, 110 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 HzSpot: 1.5 - 9 mm
Beam delivering: optic fibre 1000 m long up to50 m
Handpiece: variable focus, with beam guide
Beam profile: homogeneousPower supplyInput: 230 V - 50/60 Hz, 12 A
Dimensions: 92x33x75 cmNd:YA G laser shutter:pedal-controlled by the
operatorWeight: 80 kg
Cooling circuit: sealed with heat exchanger (air/liquid)
Aiming beam laser HeNe 1 mW (632.8 nm)
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DW 400GS
Nd:YAG LASER WELDERA brand new, extremely interesting field of lasertechnology application opening up in the world of
conservation involves its use in the restoration of jewelleryand precious metals.
In fact, laser technology allows for direct welding of the
two edges, and the use of metal alloys with the same title.Due to its extremely reduced heat diffusion, lasers also
allow for carrying out welding in the presence of othermaterials or components (enamels, collets, hinges, etc.),
with the objects to be welded being held directly in yourhands. This makes it especially suited for the restoration of
antique jewels with a considerably complex nature and
composition.El.En. s.p.a has designed a special laser welding model for
this purpose, the DW 400 GS, an extremely versatileinstrument, particularly suited for precision operations
calling for an elevated degree of accuracy.On request, a model with a mobile welding head can also
be supplied, to be assembled onto the special arm drive forcarrying out welding operations on very large objects as
well.The DW 400 GS welder has been used at the Opificio delle
Pietre Dure (Precious Stone Museum) for the restoration of
a Sicilian baroque monstrance in gold and silver with
enamels and precious stones. The DW 400 GS is currentlybeing used for the conservative restoration of a panel ofthe Door of Paradise of the Baptistery in Florence.
System features
Wavelength: 1064 nm
Maximum power: 60 WMaximum energy per single pulse: 80 J
Pulse lenght: 125 msNOTE : the value indicated may be diminished by means of
the PULSE FILL optionFrequency: single pulse, 0.510 Hz, step 0.1 Hz
Voltage: 200 V, 450 V, step 10 V
Storable programmes: 15Power supply voltage: 230 Vac, 50-60 Hz, 16 A:
Maximum absorbed electrical power: 3680 VADimensions: 70x90x122 cm
Weight: 97 kgSound level:
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LASER CLEANING USE PROTOCOLThe physical process via which the laser cleaningis performed is defined as the ablation process.
Ablation, which can be likened to an extremelyrapid vaporization of the material to be removed,
is characterized by a fluence (density of energyper surface unit) threshold, intended as the lowest
limit below which the laser will not have any
effect.On the contrary, fluence values that are too high
may give rise to undesired removal of the patinaor substrate underneath the deterioration
horizons.Since laser cleaning is one of the best methods for
obtaining efficacious, and at the same timeextremely gradual results, in full respect of the
artwork, like historic films and patina, it is
therefore vital for the operator to be able todirectly define the necessary operating interval of
the laser fluence.The proposal of a preliminary measurement
protocol envisages the performing of ablationtests on the nature and thickness of the
deterioration to be removed on very limited areas
in relation to large and important sites, with theobserving of the results through a portable
microscope (30x).The following steps should be carried out:
- attach the laser handpiece to a tripod forexample, in order to be able to maintain unvaried
the distance from the surface of the irradiation
area;- calculate the dimensions of the laser spot so as
to be able to calculate the fluence;- set the laser repetition frequency and irradiation
time;- perform adjacent ablation spots per increasing
energy laser values.
In this way, even without the aid of specific
instrumentation, the restorer will be able toidentify the parameters of the laser cleaning incomplete safety, defining the interval of the
values included between the threshold of what hasto be removed and what has to be preserved.
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EOS 1000 LOs
The result of the El.En.,Groups most recentresearch, the EOS 1000 LQS laser has been
designed and created for use in restorationoperations that call for a high degree of precision
and accuracy, such as frescoes, gilded surfaces,silver and precious metals, wood, and stone
objects with great artistic value.
The EOS 1000 LQS laser which adopts a specialpulse wave unique and exclusive among those
currently available on the market - is the mostversatile and practical machine for use on sites
and in laboratories, thanks also to its lightweightcompact size and high performance.
The LQS configuration with energy values of upto 400 mJ, allows the operator to achieve levels
of efficiency only previously possible with more
complicated instruments, while still maintainingthe use of optic fibre and a handpiece with a
variable lens.The EOS 1000 LQS laser system is one of the
most reliable devices thanks to its efficacy,safety, and range of applications in the
conservation of the cultural heritage.
The SFR version is also available on request.
System featuresWavelength: 1064 nm
Pulse duration: 60 120 sMaximum energy per pulse: 1 J
Energy: selectable between: 50 500 mJ (step
50 mJ), 600 1000 mJ (step 100)Repetition frequency: selectable between: single
pulse, 110 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 HzSpot: 1.5 - 6 mm
Beam delivering: optic fibre 600 mm long, up to50 m
Handpiece: variable focus, with beam guide
Beam profile: homogeneous
Power supply Input: 230 V - 50/60 Hz, 8 ADimensions: 59x20x53 cmNd:YA G laser shutter:pedal-controlled by the
operatorWeight: 40 kg
Cooling circuit: sealed with heat exchanger
(air/liquid)Aiming beam: laser HeNe 1 mW (632.8 nm)
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THUNDER
Thunder Art is the most technologically advancedlaser device in the world of conservation.
The El.En. Groups research activities have aimedat improving the performance and efficiency while
still maintaining the most compact size,simplifying to a maximum the structure and
operator interface.
Thunder Art replaces and integrates the El.En.Groups entire QS short-pulse laser line.
Thunder Art is in fact an extremely versatileplatform that can be adapted to all the operators
requirements. Every possible configuration is nowenclosed in only two components: the laser
head and the power supply and cooling unit. Thereare also more powerful versions available with the
same system structure but which progressively
reach up to as many as three wavelengths.In particular, while the laser head is even smaller
than in the previous models, it is still extremelystrong and completely waterproof (IP 65), and a
special jointed arm is used for all the wavelengths.The 1064 nm version of Thunder Art is especially
suited to operate on a wide variety of materials
including wood, textiles, glass, ceramics etc., andalso on very extensive architectural surfaces.
The configuration of Thunder Art with severalwavelengths has been designed to offer research
laboratories an even more reliable instrument witha far greater performance than in the previous
versions.
SyStem featureS
Wavelength: 1064 nmPulse duration: almost 8 ns
energy: selectable between: 50 500 mJ (step 50mJ), 600 1000 - 2000 mJ (step 100)
energy @ 1064 nm = 1 J
energy @ 532 nm = 500 mJ
energy @ 355 nm = 200 mJfrequency: up to 20 HzBeam diameter: 10 mm
Working temperature: 10 - 40 CInput: 220 Vac, 16 a
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BRAMANTE
This is the latest invention of the research anddevelopment laboratories of the El. En. Group,
and in particular, Quanta System S.p.A. TheBramante Laser is currently the most powerful
instrument available for restorers for carrying outwork on very large surfaces on architectural
restoration sites.
While the parameters of the system that ensuretop quality performance remain the same, the
overall operating complexity has been intensifiedin order to cut the working times.
The Bramante laser is the most powerful andfastest laser currently on the market designed for
restoration enterprises that have to work oncomplex and extensive surfaces.
The Bramante system now makes laser
Operations more competitive and advantageouscompared to traditional cleaning systems.
The Bramante laser has been designed andcreated with only two components, thereby
offering greater compactness and transportabilitywith respect to the Michelangelo laser series.
System featuresWavelength: 1064 nm
Pulse duration: almost 8 nsenergy: selectable between: 50 500 mJ (step
50 mJ), 600 1000 - 1800 mJ (step 100)energy @ 1064 nm = 1 J
energy @ 532 nm = 500 mJ
energy @ 355 nm = 200 mJFrequency: up to 20 Hz
Beam diameter: 12 mmWorking temperature: 10 - 40 C
Input: 220 Vac, 16 a