DIGITAL RAILWAYS: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES IN RAIL ENVIRONMENTS NIKE FOLAYAN Ph.D,CENG., MIET. TECHNICAL DISCIPLINE LEADER COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL (RAIL)

DISCUSSION

1. UNDERSTANDING OF DIGITAL RAIL AND WHERE COMMUNICATIONS FITS INTO THIS PICTURE TODAY.

2. TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS.

3. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES.

WHAT IS DIGITAL RAILWAY?

Increase Capacity

Digital controlled trains

Modernise signalling and traffic management

Accelerating the digital modernisation of the railway.

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DIGITAL RAILWAY OBJECTIVES

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1. More trains o More space for trains. o Modernising Victorian era block signalling. o Reduced headway- trains running closer together.

2. Better connections o Flexible rail timetables. o Respond to changing demand patterns. o Modernising timetable and real time traffic management.

3. Greater convenience o Multimodal coordination. o Access to information and ticketing on all modes of transport via

web/mobile apps. o Industry wide open data approach.

CONVENTIONAL AND DIGITAL RAILWAY

Conventional Railway 5 of 21

• No flexibility with conventional signalling and train control systems.

• Slow recovery when things go wrong!

• High Maintenance costs for signals £3bn every five years.

• 300 skilled planners for time table planning.

• 16,228 signalling failures severe enough to affect a service (2014-15).

• Trains communicating their position in real-time.

• More choice and flexibility with increasing connectivity for freight.

• Conflict free timetables using modern analytics.

• Traffic Management to optimise train paths in real time.

• Understanding customer travel patterns.

Digital Railway

BETTER CONNECTIONS, RELIABILITY AND CONVENIENCE

6 of 21 Using digital technology that is already proven, built on open standards that operate across Europe.

ETCS Interoperable European Train

Control System

GSM-R Global System for Mobile Communication- Railways Interoperable communication

system for railway

ATO Automatic Train Operation

(

ERTMS European Railway Traffic

Management System

ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (1.)

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LEU: Lineside Electronic Unit

Eurobalise without infill.

Overlay to Existing Signalling System.

Movement Authorities through Eurobalise.

Train integrity & Position by Track Circuit.

Track to train communications (Level 1)

ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (2.)

8 of 21 Track to train communications (Level 1)

Eurobalise + infill (euroloop, radio, or extra balises).

Overlay to Existing Signalling System.

Movement Authorities through Eurobalise.

Train integrity & Position by Track Circuit.

ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (3.)

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Eurobalise + Euroradio (GSM-R) + Radio Block Centre

No more Trackside Signal Required.

Movement Authorities through GSM-R.

Train Position via Eurobalise.

Continuous communications between the train and the radio block centre (Level 2)

ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (4.)

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Eurobalise + Euroradio (GSM-R) + Radio Block Centre.

Movement Authorities through GSM-R. Authorities through Eurobalise.

Train Position via Eurobalise.

Train integrity On board. Moving Block.

Moving block technology (Level 3)

STAKEHOLDERS: CIRCLE OF INFLUENCE

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Owners and operators to upgrade train.

Infrastructure operators in C&C systems and re-skilling staff.

Supply chain Technology solutions and required expertise.

IMPROVING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE –TICKETING

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Operators working collaboratively on ticketing standardisation. Develop an Integrated interoperable public transport Smart Ticketing

scheme.

Barcode tickets Cards Near Field Communications (NFC)

“Every operator bidding to run a rail franchise will have to show plans to offer smart ticketing tailored to customers’ needs”. – Former Rail minister, Claire Perry MP

IMPROVING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE –BARRIERLESS GATELINES

Stations with no ticket gates in future?

EVOLUTION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

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1G

Decommissioned

1980

2G Global System for Mobile (GSM)

(900MHz/ 1800MHz)

1990

2.5G General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

3G Universal

4G Long Term Evolution (IP networking technology) Commercial

Mobile Comms Industry

Rail

Telecoms

2012

National Radio Network (NRN) Base stations Copper infrastructure

GSM-R Uplink- 876 MHz - 880 MHz

Downlink - 921 MHz -925 MHz

2000-2012

International Union of Railways (UIC) To decide what next?

2040

2.5G General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) (2015- Now)

5G-7G (7.5Gbps) speed

2013-2030

WHAT IS GSM-R?

15 of 21 GSM-R (900MHz &1800MHz) - secure platform for voice and data communication.

Replaced legacy VHF National Radio Network (NRN) 205 MHz and UHF 450 MHz Cab Secure Radio (CSR) systems.

GPRS seen as progressive in the rail Industry.

GPRS (PACKET) AND (GSM-R) CIRCUIT SWITCHING

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User A

User B

User C

User D

Switching Node

Switching Node

User A

User B

User C

User D

Switching Node

Switching Node

Pack

et

Circ

uit

Real time scenarios: Channel fixed bandwidth

non-real time scenarios: dynamic bandwidth

GSM-R CHALLENGES

17 of 21 Interference from LTE: Close to GSM-R frequencies leads to ETCS disturbances and random emergency braking. E.g. 340 interferences since 2007, 60 resolved.

Interference from other public networks: Hampering the use of GSM-R while the assigned radio frequencies limit its capacity. (E.g. 3G - UMTS).

Demand and Capacity: Demand for real time communications further limiting capacity in high traffic areas (ETCS Level 2 using GSM-R circuit-switched data services.) E.g. in-effective operation of other non critical services.

EDINBURGH GATEWAY STATION: DIGITAL RAILWAY STATIONS

18 of 21 Multimodal Station (Bus, Train, Tram). The first fully digital (PoE) Power over Ethernet converged network in Scotland. Building information management Level 2-BIM best practice.

CCTV Access Control Public Address Data Points Passenger Help Point Customer Information Systems

OUR PROJECTS

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High Speed 2 (HS2), UK

New Tube for London, UK Metro Station Improvement, Cardiff

Digital Railway programme, UK

FUTURE DIGITAL RAILWAY TECHNICAL CHALLENGES

20 of 21 The threat of cyber attack- Proliferation of mobile devices. (iOS)

Threat of a single computerised system called ETCS. The convergence of IT and Operation Technologies in deploying enterprise

facing architecture.

Managing network of suppliers on the same network.

Process harmonization with rest of the EU?

Interoperability & standardization. Human Factors issues - Transitioning to New Technology. Service implementation optimisation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

21 of 21 Paul Bates

Director, Digital Railway Sherman Havens

Technical Director, Systems Engineering Communications and Control Steve Denniss ,

Technical Director, Rail Scott Lawrence

Design Engineer, Communications and Control Group Harshil Patel

Apprentice, Communications and Control Group Samuel Elegbede

Graduate Engineer, Communications and Control Group Contact nike.folayan@wspgroup.com