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Technology 13 ways of looking at …. Lorcan Dempsey Solinet Meeting, May 2. CBS school, Ennis. Libraries – and the network space. Libraries. A shared network space. Shared cataloging – 70s. A shared network space. Resource sharing – 80s. A shared network space. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Technology13 ways of looking at …
Lorcan Dempsey
Solinet Meeting, May 2
CBS school, Ennis
Libraries – and the network spaceLibraries – and the network space
Libraries
Shared cataloging – 70sA shared network space
A shared network space Resource sharing – 80s
A shared network spaceArticle discovery and delivery – 90s
A shared network space
Collaborative reference, Digital content management,Digitisation,Scholarly communication
Progressive entry into a network space …Progressive entry into a network space …
• Early stages of ‘digital’ libraries
• Being digital suggests reorganisation to best leverage individual and collective strengths
• Move away from vertical organisation around collection to horizontal organisation around process …
• And ….?
GenerationsGenerations
Social Social
Business/policyBusiness/policy
Service Service
Technical Technical
Co-evolutionCo-evolution
Active reshaping in a new mediumActive reshaping in a new medium
• Scholarly communication:
– Moving from author-publisher-distributor-library chain to
– … web in which all are potentially in contact with each other.
– Co-evolution of new institutional forms with the support the network provides
A shared network spaceA shared network space
A shared space – on campusA shared space – on campus• The Digital Library, providing access for staff and students, wherever
they are located, to networked information resources, which may in turn be disclosed to the outside world.
• e-Learning systems, providing the University with the capacity to enable learning and teaching in a flexible, place-independent, online environment, and enhancing the existing campus learning experience.
• The public Web site, providing a means of marketing the University and of communicating with students, potential students, alumni and others.
• The Corporate Intranet, providing staff with access to information and communication resources, and to means of conducting their business in a secure, online environment.
• A Student Intranet, providing students with access to student-centred information, learning resources, course management and communication facilities, as well as the ability to conduct financial and administrative functions online.
• And lots of other stuff.
Hull
A shared space - the creative userA shared space - the creative user
• Digital scholarship
• Digital research
• Digital learning
• Cultural heritage
Clash of CulturesSource: http://www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/clash
Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy Supplementary Material ArchivesSource: http://msa.lib.ohio-state.edu/jmsa_hp.htm
Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD) Motion Capture LabSource: http://www.accad.ohio-state.edu/mocap/mocap_info.htm
ArchitecturesArchitectures
Towards an information environment - servicesTowards an information environment - services
• No single resource is the sole focus of a user’s attention
• In a distributed environment resources can be specialized to provide particular function
• Leverage communication between resources to add value to user’s experience
• Need a shared view and vocabulary
creation
sharedservices
portals
content
brokersand
aggregators
provision
mediationinfrastructure
presentation
DirectoriesRegistriesTerminology SResolutionAuthorisationCitation linking Which?
Who?Which?Who?
So far ..So far ..
• Library operations progressively entering network space
• Generations of change shortening
• Co-evolution
• We are not alone with our users in this new shared space
• We need to begin to architect
• High acronymic density …
• Google is for finding out what acronyms stand for!
Now ..Now ..
Learning management systemsLearning management systems
Learning managementLearning management
• Fold information into the learning experience
• Relationship between library systems and learning systems
• Electronic reserve, reading lists, learning objects, …
• Own standards framework (IMS, IEEE/LOM, SCORM)
Directories
VocabularyCompetencyMetadata
Repositories
Organizations Traders
Acc
ess
Man
agem
ent
MA
NA
GE
RIG
HT
S O
BL
IGA
TIO
NS
CO
NT
RO
L A
CC
ESS
AU
TH
EN
TIC
AT
E
AU
TH
OR
ISE
AU
DIT
Pro
curem
ent
NE
GO
TIA
TE
TR
AD
EM
AK
E P
AY
ME
NT
SEARCH
Learner Creator Infoseeker
Repositories
AssetsMetadata
Resource Utilizers
DISCOVER
REQUEST
USEPresentation
Mediation
Provision
People
AgentR
ESO
LV
E
Registries
STORE
STORE EXPOSEMANAGE STORE EXPOSEMANAGE
DELIVER
(Query, Browse, Follow Path)ACCESS
GATHER
PUBLISH
MANAGE
ALERT
EXPOSE
Interoperability as recombinant potentialInteroperability as recombinant potential
InteroperabilityInteroperability
• Traditional views of interoperability depend on pre-coordinated agreements about every aspect of syntax, structure, and semantics
• In the new shared space, this degree of coordination is harder to come by
• How do we address this?– Simplify? OAI
– Complexify? Objects, services, metadata
• Pre-coordination gives way to recombinant systems?
OAIOAI
OAIOAIHarvesterHarvester
OAIOAIHarvesterHarvester
WebWebBrowserBrowser
WebWebBrowserBrowser
UnionUnionCatalogCatalogUnionUnion
CatalogCatalog
DC/MARC
HTML
OAI Server#1OAI Server#1DC & EADDC & EAD
OAI Server#1OAI Server#1DC & EADDC & EAD
OAI Server#2OAI Server#2DC & MARCDC & MARC
OAI Server#2OAI Server#2DC & MARCDC & MARC
OAI Server#3OAI Server#3DC & VRADC & VRA
OAI Server#3OAI Server#3DC & VRADC & VRA
DCDC
MARCMARC
DC
OAIOAI
• “low-barrier” sharing of metadata
• Many potential uses– E-prints
– Learning materials
– Cultural heritage
– …
• Model of the web … simple design supports multiple uses
MetadataMetadata
Data which supports operations on entitiesData which supports operations on entities
• Life cycle– Creation, discovery, assembly, administrative, contextual, preservation, rights, …
• Domain– Learning, library, archives, etc
• Here come those acronyms (9)– MARC, MODS, ONIX, Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, FGDC, EAD, TEI, METS, …
• Interoperability– Registry
– RDF (resource description framework)?
Information objectsInformation objects
From atomic to recombinantFrom atomic to recombinant
• Structure
– Document images
– SGML/TEI
– XML
– METS/content packages
• Collectible resources?
ServicesServices
Web servicesWeb services
• Web services are interfaces that describe operations that are network accessible through XML messaging. (IBM)
• Have a web of functional components as we now have web of pages.
OCLC webservicesexamples
OCLC webservicesexamples
e - Prints UK
RDN
gateway/portal
service
RDN
gateway/portal
service
RDN
gateway/portal
service
RDN
gateway/portal
service
RDN
gateway/portal
service
RDN
gateway/portal
service
Institutional
e - print
archives
Personal
e - print
archives
OAI - MHP
Non - institutional
e - print
archives
Subject
classification
service
Name
authority
service
Citation
analysis
service
SOAP
SOAP
Javascript /HTTP
Z39.50
YAPYAP
?
Some issues – lack of shared architectureSome issues – lack of shared architecture
• No agreement on functional components.
• No shared vocabulary … middleware, portal, personalisation,….
• Individualised solutions.
• Accelerated generational turnover (e.g. Z39.50 and OAI).
• Disagreement on technical approaches.
Some issuesSome issues
• Different requirements– Breadth – demand side economies of scale
– Depth – selective disciplinary depth
– Projection – surface resources in other environments
• New technologies– Web services
– Portlets
– RSS
– Directories/environment intelligence
sharedservicesinfrastructure
DirectoriesRegistriesTerminology SResolutionAuthorisationCitation linking
brokersand
aggregators mediation
Portals/portlets……api/web service
content
provision
presentation
Preservation and archivingPreservation and archiving
Quick runQuick run
• OAIS
– Conceptual framework within which to consider archival systems which manage materials over the long term
– Many projects implementing OAIS
• Emulation/Migration
• Levels