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Technology in MedicineTechnology in Medicine
Computers in health careComputers in health care• Medical information systemsMedical information systems• Administrative applicationsAdministrative applications
Office management systemsOffice management systems
• Clinical and special purpose systemsClinical and special purpose systems
Other ApplicationsOther Applications
• Computer-assisted surgeryComputer-assisted surgery
• ProstheticsProsthetics
• PharmacyPharmacy
The Evolution of ProstheticsThe Evolution of Prosthetics
Computer-assisted surgeryComputer-assisted surgery
Computer-assisting surgical Computer-assisting surgical planningplanning
RoboticsRobotics Minimally invasive surgeryMinimally invasive surgery
– endoscopic surgeryendoscopic surgery– laparoscopic surgerylaparoscopic surgery
Computer assisted surgery Computer assisted surgery and Robotics in surgeryand Robotics in surgery
Endoscopic SurgeryEndoscopic SurgeryLaparoscopic Laparoscopic SurgerySurgery
Prosthetic DevicesProsthetic Devices
Myoelectric limbsMyoelectric limbs MicroprocessorsMicroprocessors Computer technology for vision Computer technology for vision
and hearingand hearing
Myoelectric LimbMyoelectric Limb
The Computerized The Computerized PharmacyPharmacy
Computers and drug errorsComputers and drug errors The automated community The automated community
pharmacypharmacy Hospital pharmacy robot and Hospital pharmacy robot and
bar-codesbar-codes Point-of-use drug dispensingPoint-of-use drug dispensing
Conventional PharmacyConventional Pharmacy
Computerized PharmacyComputerized Pharmacy
Pharmacy RobotPharmacy Robot
Radiology and Digital Radiology and Digital ImagingImaging
X-raysX-rays• Traditional vs. digital x-rayTraditional vs. digital x-ray• MammographyMammography
UltrasoundUltrasound Digital imagingDigital imaging
• Computerized tomography (CT, CAT Computerized tomography (CT, CAT Scans)Scans)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)• Positron emission tomography (PET)Positron emission tomography (PET)
Digital vs. Traditional Digital vs. Traditional MammogramsMammograms
UltrasoundUltrasound
3-D Ultrasound3-D Ultrasound
Computerized Tomography Computerized Tomography aka Cat Scan aka CT Scanaka Cat Scan aka CT Scan
Cat Scan Examples:Cat Scan Examples:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)(MRI)
MRI Examples:MRI Examples:
PET Scan Examples:PET Scan Examples:positron emissions positron emissions
tomographytomography
Bloodless surgeryBloodless surgery
•Interventional radiologyInterventional radiology•Stereotactic radiosurgeryStereotactic radiosurgery•Focused ultrasound surgeryFocused ultrasound surgery
TelemedicineTelemedicine Definition: “The use of computers, the Definition: “The use of computers, the
Internet, and other communication Internet, and other communication technologies to provide medical care technologies to provide medical care to patients at a distance.”to patients at a distance.”
Forms: Forms: – VoiceVoice– DataData– Still imagesStill images– Motion pictureMotion picture
TelemedicineTelemedicine
Includes: Includes:
– DiagnosesDiagnoses– Patient monitoringPatient monitoring– TreatmentsTreatments
TelemedicineTelemedicine
Telehealth:Telehealth:
– Larger field that includes Larger field that includes health-related educationhealth-related education
– public health researchpublic health research– health services administrationhealth services administration
TelemedicineTelemedicine
Advantages: Advantages: – Brings high quality medical Brings high quality medical
care to anyone regardless of care to anyone regardless of distancedistance
– Decreases patient wait timeDecreases patient wait time– Decreases patient travel timeDecreases patient travel time
TelemedicineTelemedicine
Teleradiology: Oldest form of Teleradiology: Oldest form of telemedicine using computers and telemedicine using computers and telecommunications .telecommunications .
Interactive video conferencing: Interactive video conferencing: Conferencing that allows medical Conferencing that allows medical professionals and patients to professionals and patients to consult in real-time, using consult in real-time, using telephones and video screens. telephones and video screens.
TelemedicineTelemedicine
Telepathology: Transmission of Telepathology: Transmission of microscopic images over microscopic images over telecommunications lines allowing the telecommunications lines allowing the pathologist to view images on a pathologist to view images on a monitor instead of under a microscope.monitor instead of under a microscope.
Telepsychiatry: Uses teleconferencing Telepsychiatry: Uses teleconferencing to deliver psychotherapy. May not be to deliver psychotherapy. May not be suitable for some types of mental suitable for some types of mental illness.illness.
TelemedicineTelemedicine
Remote monitoring devicesRemote monitoring devices– Telespironmetry- Telespironmetry-
used for asthma patientsused for asthma patients information transmitted over telephone information transmitted over telephone
lines to remote locationlines to remote location
– Arrhythmia monitoringArrhythmia monitoring ECG telemetry that monitors a patient’s ECG telemetry that monitors a patient’s
cardiac status and sends it to a remote cardiac status and sends it to a remote locationlocation
Effectiveness of Effectiveness of TelemedicineTelemedicine
Examining a patient at a distance Examining a patient at a distance is not the same as examining that is not the same as examining that patient face to facepatient face to face
In prisons, telemedicine has led to In prisons, telemedicine has led to decreased costs and improved decreased costs and improved health care for inmateshealth care for inmates
Effectiveness of Effectiveness of TelemedicineTelemedicine
Medical assistants at the remote Medical assistants at the remote sites may be usefulsites may be useful
Small hospitals and clinics may Small hospitals and clinics may find hardware costs prohibitivefind hardware costs prohibitive
Research studies generally Research studies generally favorable for medical and cost favorable for medical and cost effectivenesseffectiveness
Use of TelemedicineUse of Telemedicine Health care to the elderly (homebound)Health care to the elderly (homebound) Connect rural primary care physicians Connect rural primary care physicians
to urban specialiststo urban specialists Allow families of high-risk newborns to Allow families of high-risk newborns to
watch babies’ hospital care from homewatch babies’ hospital care from home Data can be transmitted from Data can be transmitted from
ambulance to ERambulance to ER Patients with chronic illnesses can Patients with chronic illnesses can
receive medication reminders at homereceive medication reminders at home
Issues in TelemedicineIssues in Telemedicine
Technical issuesTechnical issues– appropriate telecommunications appropriate telecommunications
infrastructure must be in placeinfrastructure must be in place– not available in some rural and not available in some rural and
urban areasurban areas– requires high bandwidth (cable requires high bandwidth (cable
modem)modem)
Issues in TelemedicineIssues in Telemedicine Insurance issuesInsurance issues
– insurance may not coverall telemedicineinsurance may not coverall telemedicine Legal issuesLegal issues
– licensing laws differ in each statelicensing laws differ in each state– liability is not clearliability is not clear
Privacy issuesPrivacy issues– electronic medical record subject to misuseelectronic medical record subject to misuse– HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of 1996) Accountability Act of 1996)