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TEEB – An Introduction Bogota, 29th Feb 2012
Pavan Sukhdev
McCluskey Fellow 2011, Yale University
Founder & CEO, GIST Advisory
Study Leader, TEEB
Private “Profits”, Public Losses Shrimp farms in South Thailand
Mangroves
Shrimp Farm
private
profits
less
subsidies
Net of public
costs of
restoration
after 5 yrs
private
profits
10,000
US$/ha
in 1996 private profits
5,000
$584 $1,220
$9,632
$584
-$9,318
$12,392
After adding
public benefits
from mangroves
Data from Barbier (2007)
All values in NPV over 9 yrs (1996-2004) at 10% discount rate
$584 Forest prods. $987 Fisheries
$10,821
Storm protection
Equity and Poverty are important considerations for conservation…
Prof. Joan Martinez Alier defined “The Environmentalism of the poor” as
“an environmentalism of livelihood concerned not only with economic security in the market sphere but also concerned with non-market access to environmental resources”
From :
“I believe that the great part of the miseries of mankind are brought upon
them by false estimates they have made of the value of things.”
Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790
Why TEEB ? 1. Because the Economic Invisibility of Nature is a Problem..
2. Because addressing losses requires knowledge from many
disciplines (ecology, economics, policy..) to be synthesized,
integrated, & acted upon
3. Because different decision-making groups (policy-makers, local
managers, businesses, citizens) need different types of information
& guidance
4. Because successes need to be understood, broadcast, replicated
and scaled ….
TEEB (2008-2010) Genesis, Aims, and Progress
“Potsdam Initiative – Biological Diversity 2010”
The economic significance of the global loss of biological diversity….
Importance of recognising, demonstrating & responding to values of nature…
Interim Report
India, Brazil, Belgium,
Japan & South Africa
Sept. 2010
TEEB
Synthesis
CBD
COP11
India
National
TEEB
Work
Sectoral
TEEB
Work
Business
Externalities
Work
Rio+20
Brazil
Climate Issues
Update
Ecol./Env. Economics literature
G8+5
Potsdam
2007
TEEB End User
Reports Brussels
2009, London 2010
CBD COP 9
Bonn 2008 Input to
UNFCCC
2009
BD COP 10 Nagoya, Oct 2010
TEEB
Books
TEEB’s perspective on Valuation… 1. Recognizing value: a feature of all human societies
and communities… needs no economic models, no „cost-benefit analysis‟
2. Demonstrating value: in economic terms, to support decision making, but without any financial payments
3. Capturing value: through mechanisms to incorporate the economic values of ecosystem services, with financial payments
Norms,
Regulations
& Policies
Markets
Economic
Mechanisms
Recognizing
value
Demonstrating
value
Capturing
value
Regional Plans
Legislations
PES
Certification
PA Evaluation
TEEB perspective on Valuation
Ch.4 Ch.5 Ch.3 Ch.3
Case Study : Integrating ecosystem services into
land use plans in Baoxing County, Sichuan, China
REGIONAL PLANS
An ecosystem service mapping and
modeling tool (InVEST) used to plan
development zones that avoid areas of high
ecosystem service provision and
conservation importance
Developments were reconsidered by local
government officials during the making of
the next Baoxing County Land Use Master
Plan 2010 where mapping had highlighted
that activities were planned in areas of
several critical ecosystem services
Case Study : Tubbataha Marine Park, Philippines UNESCO World Heritage site, contains 396 species of corals & has higher
species diversity per square metre than the Great Barrier Reef
LEGISLATION
After1998 Bleaching –
Stakeholders meeting
“No-take” areas agreed, & later,
President passed the Tubbataha
Reefs Natural Park Act in 2010
( 10 mile buffer zone around the
no-take marine reserve) thus
increasing Park by 200%
10% annual increase in live
coral cover.
fish biomass is four-folds better
than the average healthy reef
Case Study : Kampala Wetland Services provided by the Nakivubo swamp include natural water purification
and treatment & supporting small-scale income activities of slum dwellers
P. A. EVALUATION
Ecosystems services provided
by the swamp equal USD 1
million -1.75 million / year
If the swamp is converted then
additional investment into a
sewage treatment plant would
be required with running costs
of over USD 2 million / year
(Nakivubo designated a part
of the city‟ s greenbelt zone)
Case Study : „Satoyama‟ Landscapes 75 - 100% reduction in pesticides, traditional winter flooding rice
farming adopted, & White Stork rice & other certified products sold
at a “premium”
PES
2003 - 2007: farmers paid 40,000 JYen per 1,000m2
of rice paddies .Currently granted 7,000 JYen per
1,000m2 by Toyo-oka City
CERTIFICATION
Rice sold at 23 % higher rate for reduced pesticide
use, and 54 % more for organic farming
Konotori no Mai / Flying Oriental White Stork
White Stork habitat increased from 0.7 ha in 2003 to 212.3 ha
Extinct in 1971, now has over 40 breeding pairs
1 billion JPY annually in tourism, & municipal income raised by 1.4 %
TEEB Case Studies on the Environmental Atlas http://www.eea.europa.eu/atlas
Community forest management is a successful avenue to provide health and family planning services as well as relieving environmental pressure in the Khata area of the Terai region in Nepal.
NEPAL Click to access
case study
Selecting a case study : go for “key message”
Community forest management is a successful avenue to provide health and family planning services as well as relieving environmental pressure in the Khata area of the Terai region in Nepal.
NEPAL Click to access
case study
Further case detail can be downloaded
India launched a national TEEB in Feb 2011, the Indian Institute of Forest
Management (IIFM) in Bhopal is coordinating this study, and an interim report is
expected for CBD COP-11, Hyderabad
Brazil is working on a national TEEB study led by the Ministry of Environment &
Brazil‟s Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), and supported by UNEP,
Conservation International, and others. In addition to the federal level TEEB,
several states have also expressed interest in „state‟-level studies, and a „TEEB
for Business‟ study was launched last month in Sao Paolo.
Lithuania is undertaking a pilot study called “Lithuanian ecosystem services
inventory and valuation”
Georgia, Estonia, Slovakia, Luxembourg and Nepal have expressed interest
in national TEEB studies, and are in touch with the TEEB Office for facilitating
these studies
One Year Since Nagoya….
• Nordic TEEB - The Nordic Council of Ministers is undertaking a TEEB Nordic study on the “State and Economics of the Key Ecosystem Services in the Nordic Countries” (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and the Nordic islands), to be completed by Rio+20
• United Kingdom – published an economic assessment of natural capital & ecosystem services (see http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org ) similar to a “Country TEEB” study, & a Natural Capital Committee was announced in their Natural Environment White Paper.
• Norway, in March 2011, decided to establish an official committee to review the values of ecosystem services in Norway, and this work has begun.
• Germany is preparing four national TEEB studies, to be prepared by UFZ and delivered by 2015 (TEEB & Climate Change, TEEB for rural areas, TEEB for cities, and a TEEB-Deutschland Synthesis)
• Netherlands launched a TEEB NL with sectoral emphasis on regional landscapes, trade flows, cities, SME‟s and geographical focus on the Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba.
• Korea set up a TEEB Korean Committee in February to introduce TEEB and its related activities in the Republic of Korea at national and local levels
One Year Since Nagoya….
Sectoral & Biome Studies
• TEEB for Cities - August 2011, the “TEEB Manual for Cities – Ecosystem Services in Urban Management” was released by GTZ, ICLEI & IUCN to address the specific needs of local policy-makers in urban areas.
• TEEB for Water and Wetlands - A synthesis report is being developed by the Ramsar Secretariat/ Ramsar Scientific & Technical Review Panel (STRP) on freshwater bodies and wetlands to inform & encourage public and private engagement for their conservation and sustainable use.
• TEEB for Oceans - a think-piece is being developed by GRID-Arendal for P. Sukhdev‟s address at the Economist Intelligence Unit‟s World Oceans Summit in Singapore, February 2012
• TEEB for Agriculture – a proposal is being considered to launch a study of the economic impacts of ecosystems on agricultural productivity, and conversely, of the impacts of agricultural practises on biodiversity
One Year Since Nagoya….
