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Teens and Noise Exposure
Carol Rousseau, Au.D., CCC-A
Rochester Hearing and Speech Center
21 May 2010
Purpose of Presentation
Rationale: the beginnings of Noise Induced Hearing loss often start when teenagers become exposed to more adult activities or enter the work force.
Discuss typical venues and activities where teenagers are exposed to potentially damaging noise and how audiologists can address this issue.
Topics to be Discussed
Is there a concern? Age/Population Prevalence of NIHL Effects of NIHL Common noise sources Prevention of hearing loss
Is Noise Exposure in Teens a Concern?
Parents are concerned about the damage that noise is causing to their kids’ ears More than ear infections, sleep & Asthma
Risk of NIHL greater for youth engaged in farming, utilizing firearms, playing with hazardous toys or fireworks, listening to amplified music, or involved in school woodwork or band
Is Noise Exposure in Teens a Concern?
Adolescence is the time when occupational noise exposure potentially begins
More than half of high school students surveyed report at least one symptom of hearing loss (ASHA & Zogby, 2010)
Thanks to technological advances, teens becoming more involved in noisier activities for longer periods
Population: what age group are we
discussing? Cited research includes ages 6-25 Studies conducted in US and Western
Europe
Prevalence
Relatively large numbers of school boys failed their hearing screenings at 4000 Hz (Weber et al, 1967; Cozadetal et al, 1974; & Hull et al,1975)
1% of school age population has some degree of NIHL (Blair et al, 1996).
Prevalence of a high frequency hearing loss in school age children was 12.7% (Niskar et al,1998)
12.5% of 6-19 year olds had a prevalence of Noise Induced threshold shifts (Niskar et al 2001)
The Effects of Hearing Loss
Language/Speech Stress Academic Achievement Social Effects
Isolation Depression
Effects of NIHL
Tinnitus Correlation with excessive noise exposure 61% of concert attendees and 46% of club
goers experienced tinnitus after attending event (Chung, 2005)
86% of musicians and concert goers suffered tinnitus after attending loud music venues (H.E.A.R.)
Questionnaire by Mercier & Hohman (2002), 71% reported experiencing post-exposure tinnitus for at least one day
Effects of NIHL
Temporary threshold shift (TTS) Can lead to cumulative cellular damage Early indicator of hearing loss TTS of > 10 dB was seen after listening to
music through headphones for 3 hours at normal used input levels (Lee et al, 1985)
A 9 dB TTS was observed at 6000 Hz when teens listened to music at their habitual listening level after one hour (Hellstrom & Axelsson, 1998)
Effects of NIHL
Temporary threshold shift (TTS) Babisch et al (1985) found TTS values of 8
dB after two hours of music exposure at 85 dB
Effects of NIHL
Permanent threshold shift (PTS) Occurs at 3000 to 6000 Hz, with largest
effect at 4000 Hz Over time, can effect as low as 2000 Hz Meyer & Bisch (1996) found PTS between
3000 and 6000 Hz in young adults Significant increase between 1976 and
1991 in the number of adolescents with >20 dB losses between 3000 and 6000 Hz (Kiderport, 1992)
Effects of NIHL
Permanent threshold shift (PTS) 30% of young military recruits had
unilateral or bilateral hearing loss of > 20 dB in frequencies between 3000 and 8000 Hz (Borchgrevink, 1988 & 1993).
Effects of NIHL
Negative consequences for future employment Some jobs require minimum hearing levels
Police, Pilots, Trucking, Bus Diver Some jobs it will limit effectiveness
Musicians, Sound Engineers, Phone Work
Damage from chronic exposure to high sound levels is cumulative so the slight loss in childhood can lead to a substantial loss in adulthood
Sources of Excessive Noise
Environmental Traffic
Recreational Toys November 2003: declared acoustic
standards of 90 dB measured at 25 cm Video games, firearms, paint ball, vehicles
(ATV, Jet skis, etc)
Sources of Excessive Noise
Amplified music MP3
Output up to 120 dB
Listening for long periods
Concerts Can be 120 to 130
dB Garage Bands
Sources of Excessive Noise
School Band
82 to 114 dB Gym
Loud sports Hockey play-off games measured between
104 and 120 dB (Hodgetts et al, 2006) Coaches whistle up to 115 dB
Woodshop Up to 115 dB
Sources of Excessive Noise
Work Force 12.4% of students confirmed work-place
noise exposure (Lankford et al, 1991) Mowing lawns
Up to 105 dB Farming
Up to 100 dB Construction
Prevention
Education Explain the auditory mechanism Those who received instruction were more
likely to use hearing protection Musicians who are role models Teachers/school administrators need to
implement hearing conservation programs
Prevention
Screenings Frequencies 3000 Hz and higher Currently implemented school-based
screening guidelines are non-standardized and inadequate for early identification of NIHL (Meinke & Dice, 2007)
Prevention
Protection HPDs Parental controls on MP3 players Increase distance from sound source Regulations
Noise ordinances Require HPDs for noisy classroom activities Limit construction during school hours