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Telecommunication Management Network, TMN*
*Mani Subramanian “Network Management: Principles and practice”, Addison-Wesley, 2000.
Background
Based on OSI CMIP/CMIS Address the interoperability of multi-
vendor equipment used by different service providers and define standard interfaces
Provide a framework for telecommunications network and service management Management goes beyond networks and
network element to include managing services provided by service providers as well as business management
Trends In Telecommunications Globalizations and
Deregulation End-to-end service involves
multiple providers• Demand for standards
based network and service management (interoperability)
Merge of telecom and datacom
Need for Inter-working between management protocols to provide end-to-end management
Evolution in protocolso Need for flexible management
architecture
Competition Time-to market for new
services• Need for sound (flexible)
architecture Focus on customer care (i.e.,
service quality) Decreasing margins (do
more with less)• Increase revenue
(providing high quality services) while minimizing network operation costs
Example of Management (1)
Telecommunication Network
Figure 11.1 Operations System for Network Transmission
Public Switch
TransmissionTest System
TransmissionTest System
Public Switch
TrunkTest System
Voice Voice
Nodes
Transmission Links
Trunk Testing System Trunk is a logical
connection between two switching nodes
Periodic measurement of loss and S/N of all trunks
Failing threshold set for QoS; failing trunks removed out of service before the customer complains
Example of Management (2)
Telephone Switch Traffic Traffic monitored at
switch appearance Call blocking statistics
obtained Traffic and call-blocking
statistics provide data for planning
Importance of Operations, administration, mainte- nance, and provisioning
Figure 11.2 Operations System for Traffic Measurement
Data / Telecommunication Network
Router / Switch
TrafficCounter
TrafficCounter
Router / Switch
TrafficMeasurement System
Transmission Links
Nodes
TMN Conceptual Model
TMN is conceptually a separate network Interfaces between the TMN and the Telecommunication network are formed by exchanges
and transmission switches OSs (Operations Systems) perform most of the management functions and they are
connected to TMN through a Data Communication Network (DCN) The DCN is used to exchange management information between OSs
TMN Objectives
The basic concept behind a TMN is to: provide an organized
architecture to achieve the interconnection between various types of OS’s and/or telecommunications equipment for the exchange of management information using an agreed architecture with standardized interfaces including protocols and messages
The M.3010 recommendation defines “general architectural requirements for a TMN to support the management requirements of administration to plan, provision, install, maintain, operate and administer telecommunication networks and services”
TMN Management Architectures
Functional Architecture Describes a number of management functions (control,
monitor, etc.)
Physical Architecture Defines how management functions are implemented into
physical equipment Information Architecture
Describes concepts that have been adopted from OSI management
Logical Layer Architecture A model that shows how management can be
structured according to different responsibilities
TMN Functional Architecture The TMN functional architecture explains the
distribution of functionality within a TMN The TMN functional architecture is defined by:
TMN function blocks, being the roles in which functions operate (coordinate, mediate, etc.)
TMN function points, being the service boundary between two communication management function blocks
TMN Functional Architecture Interfaces between function blocks are defined as
reference points
q class between OSF, QAF, MF and NEFf class for attachment of a WSFx class between OSFs of two TMNs or between TMN OSF and OSF-like function in other networkg class between WSF and usersm class between QAF and non-TMN managed entities
TMN Functional Architecture Network Element Function, NEF:
o Exchanges, transmission systems, switches, etc.o NEs are subject to management and support the exchange of
data between userso They include management functions (i.e., agents)
Operation Systems Functions, OSF:o Operations and Notificationso Within a TMN, multiple OSFs may exist and they
communicate through q3 interfaceo OSFs belonging to different administrative domains may also
communicate through x reference point
CMIPCMIS
TMN Functional Architecture Work Station Function, WSF
o Interprets management information to a human user through g interface
Q Adapter Function, QAFo Non TMN entities (e.g. proprietary) can be
connected to a TMN entityo Translate between q reference point and m
reference point (similar to a proxy agent in SNMP)
TMN Functional Architecture Mediation Function (MF)
o Located within the TMNo Operations on the information between network
elements; e.g. storage, filtering, threshold detection, etc.
o MF can be shared between multiple OSSs; e.g. RMON
TMN Functional Architecture Data Communication Function (DCF)
o Provide the necessary physical connection with various network components
o DCF implements layers 1-3 of OSIo Connect NEs, QAs, and MDs to the OSs at the
standard q interfaceo Connect MDs to NEs and QAs using q interface
TMN Physical Architecture
OperationsSystem
(OS)
Data Communications Network (DCN)
Q Adapter(QA)
Data Communications Network (DCN)
NetworkElement
(NE)
Q Adapter(QA)
NetworkElement
(NE)
MediationDevice(MD)
X/F/Q3
F/Q3
Qx
Q3
Q3
QxQx
X
F
TMN
Workstation
OperationsSystem
(OS)
TMN Information Architecture
TMN makes use of OSI Systems Management principles and is based on an object-oriented paradigm.
Management systems exchange information modeled in terms of managed objects (MO)
A managed object (MO) is defined by:o the attributes visible at its boundaryo the management operations which may be applied to ito The behavior exhibited by it in response to management
operations or in reaction to other types of stimuli (e.g., threshold crossing)
o The notifications emitted by it
TMN Information Architecture
MCF
MCF
R R
R
Agentmanagementoperations
notifications
Q I/F
applicationfunctions
TMN
MCF: Message Communication FunctionR: Network Resource to be managed
Manager
Information Model based on Object-Oriented Approach
MIT: dynamic structure, unlike MIB which is static
OSI System Architecture
OSI ManagerApplication
M-G
ET
M S
ET
OSI Manager
Application Entity
Presentation (ITU Recommendation X.216 and X.226)
Session (ITU Recommendation X.215 and X.225)
Transport (ITU Recommendation 224)
Network (x.25)
OSI Agent
PHY
Physical Medium
Manage-mentData
M A
CT
ION
M-E
VE
NT
-RE
PO
RT
M-C
RE
AT
E
M-D
EL
ET
E
M-C
AN
CE
L-G
ET
DLC
OSI AgentApplication
M-G
ET
M S
ET
Application Entity
Presentation (ITU Recommendation X.216 and X.226)
Session (ITU Recommendation X.215 and X.225)
Transport (ITU Recommendation 224)
Network (x.25)
PHY
M A
CT
ION
M-E
VE
NT
-RE
PO
RT
M-C
RE
AT
E
M-D
EL
ET
E
M-C
AN
CE
L-G
ET
DLC
OSI System Architecture
ManagingProcess
AgentProcess
CMISECMIP CMISE
lower layers
lower layers
ManagementFunction
OSI Information Model A managed object (MO) is
defined in terms of: attributes it possesses operations that may be
performed upon it notifications that it may
issue its relationships with other
MOs
A managed-object class is a model or template for MO instances that share the same attributes, notifications, operations and behavior
A MO class can be created from other MO classes (called packages)
Managed Object Class
Conditional PackageAttributesBehavior
OperationsNotifications
Mandatory PackageAttributesBehavior
OperationsNotifications
Conditional PackageAttributesBehavior
OperationsNotifications
A MO has the properties associated with the mandatory package and may include properties of conditional packages
MO classes are obtained by using an inheritance tree
Other trees are: naming tree and registration tree
OSI Information Model
Hub Managed Object Class
hub idvendor name
model numberserial number
number of interfacestype of interfaces
speed of interfaces
Hub1 Instance
hub id = “Hub1”vendor name = “ABC”model number =“abc”serial number = “123”
number of interfaces = 12type of interfaces = 6
speed of interfaces = 10000000
Hub2 Instance
hub id = “Hub2”vendor name = “XYZ”model number =“xyz”serial number = “456”
number of interfaces = 12type of interfaces = 6
speed of interfaces = 10000000
Managed Object Class and Instances
OSI Information Model
Switched hub
Routers hub
Regularhub
Switched100-Mbps
Hub
Top
Switched10-Mbps
Hub
10-MbpsRegular
Hub
SwitchedMultirate
Hub
10-MbpsUni-LAN
Hub
Superclass vs. subclass Attributes of a Superclass are
maintained by a subclass and more are possibly added
Single inheritance, multiple inheritance (polymorphic),
o A subclass derives its property from more than one superclass
and allmorphico A subclass derived from multiple
superclasses takes the properties of one superclass
OSI Information Model
GDMO: Guidelines for Definition of Managed Object Templates o Extensions to ASN.1 to handle the syntax of managed
information definitiono Template (similar to ASN.1 Macro) is introduced to combine
definitions
MO name Specifies a superclassMandatory package and properties
Official registered name of the object class under the ISO registration tree
Templates used to combine definitions of attributes,operations and notifications
OSI vs. SNMPOSI Mgmt (CMIP) Internet Mgmt (SNMP)
InformationModel
Object-Oriented Scalar
MIB Language GDMO SNMP SMI
Mgmt Entity Interactions
Manager-Agent,Manager-Manager
Manager-Agent,Manager-Manager
ProtocolOperations
M-Get, M-Set, M-ActionM-Create, M-DeleteM-Event-Report
Get, Setlimited Create/DeleteTrap
MO AddressingMIT with OID Scoping/Filtering
MIT with OID at leaves of the tree
ManagementApplications Five Functional Areas Not Specified
StandardizationBody
ITU-T, ISO IETF
Features
Management Service Architecture
Vendor dependent
Management Service Architecture
Network Element Layer, NELo Comprise NEs such as switches, routers, transmission
facilitieso Managed by the OSFs residing in the element management
layer Element Management Layer, EML
o It deals with vendor specific management functions and hide these functions from the layer above
o Functions performed:o Detection of equipment errorso Measuring power consumption and the temperature of
equipmento Measuring resource usage: CPU, shared buffer, queue
length, etc.o Logging of statistical datao Etc..
o NOTE: OSF in the element management layer and NEF may be implemented in the same piece of equipment
Management Service Architecture
Network Management Layer, NMLo Managed functions related to interaction between multiple
pieces of equipment (i.e., managing a network)o Internal structure of network elements is not visible (they are
vendor specific)o Functions performed:
o Create the complete network viewo Setup/provisioning dedicated paths (with QoS parameters)
for end users through the network o Modifying routing tableo Monitoring link utilizationo Optimizing performanceo Fault detection
o The OSFs in NML interacts with the OSFs at the EML: it uses information provided by the EML to implement its functions
o Here OSFs in NML acts as a manager and OSFs at EML acts as an agent
Management Service Architecture
Service Management Layer, SMLo Manage services provided by the network and seen by
userso Users may be end users (customers) and/or service providers
using the telecommunication networko Relies on management information provided by the
Network Management Layer (NML)o The internal structure of the network (i.e., network details)
are hiddeno Functions performed:
o QoS management (delay, jitter, etc)o Accounting/billingo Addition/removal of users, etc..
o Example: inter-operator managemento Two interconnected networks may exchange management
information (e.g., necessary for QoS negotiation) but both network operators keep their network structure hidden from each other, (Proprietary).
Management Service Architecture
Service Management Layer, Exampleo A transport network (e.g., ATM, SONET or WDM) that
is used by service providers to connect end routers and provide services
Border OXC
Border OXC
Core OXC
IP Border Router
IP Border Router
UNI
Client/Server Model
Management Service Architecture
Two independent control planes isolated from each othero The IP routing, topology distribution, and signaling protocols
are independent of the ones at the Optical Layer Routers are clients of optical domain
o The Optical Networks provides wavelength path to the electronic clients (IP routers, ATM switches)
Optical topology invisible to routers Standard network interfaces are required such as UNI and NNI
?Black Box for IP networks
Management Service Architecture
Management Service Architecture
Example IP over ATM exampleo IP service provider connects to the ATM provider through X-
reference pointso The details of the ATM backbone are hidden from the IP service
providero IP provider is not allowed to monitor/modify/etc. internal
equipment of the ATM backbone; rather, only high level information is communicated, such as QoS figures!
o An ATM link is considered as a single element for the IP network, therefore the reference point at the EML of IP
o Another reference point at the IP NML:o Allows for fault detection, rerouting, load balancing,
optimization, etc..o Finally, the IP network should monitor the ATM links for any
degradation in network performance that may impact the QoS of the IP provider:
o Therefore another reference point at the service management layer
Management Service Architecture
Business Management Layer, BMLo Includes all the functions necessary for the
implementation of policies and strategies within the organization which owns and operates the services (and possibly the network)
o interacts with the service management layero Is influenced by high levels of control such as
legislation or macro-economic factors (e.g., tariffing policies, quality maintenance strategies)