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Telecommunications Network Technologies
H-NW-1
H-NW-2
H-NW-3
H-NW-4
H-NW-5
H-NW-6
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H-NW-9
Objective Video Quality Assessment Technology for Video Delivery Services (ITU-T Recommendation J.247)
Network Service Platform for Web-telecom Coordination
Start of Basic Testing of Functionally-distributed Transport Technology on a CJK Test Bed
Countermeasures to Compensate Blocking of Radiowaves for Satellite Communication Systems
DC-power Supply Technology for Building a High-reliability Power-supply System
10-Tbit/s Class Ultra-high-capacity Optical Transmission Technology
120-GHz-band, 10-Gbit/s Wireless Transmission System
10 G-class Communication LSI Design Technology
40 Gbit/s DQPSK Optical Front-end
Contents
What’s Hot in R&D
Technologies for establishing a base network infrastructure including optical networks, wireless and satellite, all of which are essential to guaranteed bandwidth and broadband telecommunication.
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
To provide video delivery services to customers at an appropriate level of quality, wemust design and manage services in consideration of the user’s quality of experience(QoE). This technology objectively estimates the user’s QoE by analyzing the videosignal. It incorporates a visual psychology model that estimates perceptual video qualityby comparing pixel information in a reference and in degraded video. It enables efficientoperation/management, for example, by automating the current manual quality check toassess the coding video quality at the head end. This technology became an internationalstandard (ITU-T Recommendation J.247) in August, 2008.
■ Estimates the user’s QoE objectively■ Enables video quality assessment in consideration of content dependency■ Standardized as a ITU-T Recommendation J.247 (August 2008)■ Assesses video distortion caused by encoding and packet loss■ Enables software process to operate in real-time
■ Monitoring quality of real-time encoding at the head end■ Checking quality of archived video■ Performance testing for new services and systems■ Acceptance testing and parameter tuning of video delivery system■ Remote quality monitoring
IPTV QoE Standardization
User viewing
Q=f (X1, …, X5)Q: Objective video qualityf: Estimation functionXn: Distortion parameters
Coef.DB
Coding IP networkContent Deliveryserver
Decoding
Codingdegradation
Degradation bypacket loss
QoEmonitoring
Objectivevideoquality
Reference video Degraded video
Objective quality assessment
ObjectivevideoqualityDegraded
videosignal
Video Quality Objective Assessment Model
Referencevideosignal 1.Temporal-
spatial alignment processing of
reference/degraded video
2. Coding-related degradation estimation- Calculate degradation throughout video - Calculate degradation caused by block distortion - Calculate degradation associated with blurring
3. Packet-loss-related degradation estimation- Calculate local spatial degradation - Calculate freeze degradation
Weightedaddition
NTT Service Integration Laboratories
H-NW-1
Objective Video Quality Assessment Technology for Video Delivery Services (ITU-T Recommendation J.247)
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
Network Service Platform for Web-telecom Coordination
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
The Network Service Platform is intended to allow third parties to easily develop newservices that involve cooperation between the Web and telecommunications on thenetwork. This technology provides telecom components that facilitate use of telecomfunctions and service coordination functions that allows those components to be usedtogether with Web services. This year we implemented new functions such as theParlay-X* media control function including voice recognition component. We alsoestablished basic technology for improving the performance of the service coordinationfunctions (by several orders of magnitude over commercially available products).
■ Telecom components for call control, speech synthesis and recognition, and othertelecom functions, and development tools for improving the usability of thecomponents
■ More advanced service coordination (adaptability to the user’s circumstances andhigher performance) with the service coordination functions
■ Greater control and higher processing performance through unified management ofprotection of disturbance, authentication and authorization, and other non-functionalrequired processing
■ Interoperability with web components based on standard technology (Web services)
■ Development of applications that use telecom functions by Web technologists - Schedule confirmation service using voice recognition - Service for character display according to conversational content - Building management service supporting voice communication with maintenance
personnel
* Parlay-X: Standard specifications for interfaces that allows control of telecom functions from the Web.
Web-telecommunications coordination SDP Parlay-X
NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories
Business services
NGN
Service coordination functions Scenario
Network Services PF
Internet
Creation of application
Implement many kinds of services easily by changing scenarios
Telecom componentsMedia control (media playback,
voice recognition, etc.)
Events from telecom (incoming call, recognition results, etc.)
Instructions to telecom (originate call, play video, etc.)
Shopinformation
Mapinformation
Scheduler
Coordination with telecom services
Call control (call connection, disconnection, etc.)
Uh-huh
■ Application Example 2On-line character moves according to the conversational content
Taro is in a meeting now.
■ Application Example 1Operation of a scheduler function based on the results of voice recognition to display a schedule
That movie was good, wasn’t it?
Higher usability through modularization of telecom functions
Taro’s schedule?
H-NW-2
Application developer
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
By separating the packet-transfer function (i.e., forwarding element, FE), the route-control function (control element, CE), and the transfer service-addition function (serviceelement, SE), functionally distributed transport technology enables independent expansionof various functions. Moreover, aiming at realization of stable operation of future large-scale packet networks, research and development on this technology is progressingsteadily. At NTT Laboratories, targeting standardization of an interface forsubstantializing this technology, basic testing with a pilot unit on a CJK test bed startedin June 2008.
■ Scalability of node size is assured by accommodating the number of FEs accordingto the performance of CEs
■ Number of neighbors is reduced by consolidating CEs, and stable operation of large-scale network is achieved
■ Consolidation of CEs and consolidation on SEs of service functions makes itpossible to curtail function-addition operations
■ Renewal of software for CEs is possible without affecting packet-transfer functions(FEs)
■ Connection architecture of SEs and CEs can be changed without affecting packet-transfer functions (FEs)
■ Stable operation of a large-scale network composed of a hundred million terminals■ Curtailment of operations for renewing CE files and adding service functions■ Low-power-consumption operation of network by switching configuration of
connections between CEs and FE/SEs according to network status■ Efficient NW operation by placement of SEs according to demand
- This research is being performed as part of a commissioned research project—called “Research and development on next-generation networks (NGNs)”—of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT).
Packet network (NW) Functionally-distributed architecture CJK (China, Japan, Korea) test bed
NTT Network Service Systems Laboratory
Present transport networks Functionally-distributed transport network
・When number of units increases:- Stabilization of route
calculation is difficult.- File-renewal operations
for each node are multiplied.
・Packet transfer is stopped for file renewal
CE
FE FEFE
CE
FEFE
SEFE
CEs, FEs, and SEs are separated, and independent expansion becomes possible.
CEFE SE Routing
packets
Data packets
Data packets (via SEs)
CEFE SE
CEFE SE
CEFE SE
CE (control element): route-control function FE (forwarding element): packet-transfer function SE (service element): service-addition function
Routing-information exchangeRouting-information exchange I/F is
standardized
CE files can be renewed while packet transfer by FEs continues as is.
Renewal software
Japan-Korea basic test
Musashino (NTT)
Addition of functions to CEs is possible without affecting packet-transfer function (FEs).
Korea (ETRI)
CJK test bed
H-NW-3
Start of Basic Testing of Functionally-distributed Transport Technology on a CJK Test Bed
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
Countermeasures to Compensate Blocking of Radiowaves for Satellite Communication Systems
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
In the case that satellite communication is used for vehicles moving on the ground (suchas cars and trains), it is a problem that the radio waves transmitted from the satellite areblocked by various large and small obstructions (like buildings and tunnels) and,consequently, communication quality is degraded.As for the developed system, transmission is stabilized by utilizing two technologies asa solution to address the problem of satellite-communication interruption due toobstructions, and a higher-quality satellite-communication service for moving vehiclesis thereby provided.
■ Layer 3 diversity system- Technology for handling small obstructions like buildings- Data received from multiple channels is selected on the IP layer- Seamless communication is made possible
■ Gap-filler system- Applicable to long obstructions like tunnels- Satellite-communication data received outside a tunnel is relayed to the train by a
separate wireless system- Data is selected in combination with a layer 3 diversity system
■ Internet services can be provided in a train moving at high speed■ Internet service is provided for company buses, etc.
Satellite communication Layer 3 diversity Gap filler
NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories
Schematic image of Layer 3 diversity operation
Packets received for the first time are output
L3DIV Rx
Satellite Antenna
Tx1 Tx2
RxRxRx
Transmitter (WiFi)
Inside tunnel
Schematic image of Gap-filler operation
Example of application for Internet-connection service for high-speed trains
Gap-filler
Auto-tracking antenna
L3DIV
AP AP
Base earth station
Satellite link
AP
Internet
Layer 3 Diversity
H-NW-4
a b c
a c
b c
timeOutput
Input AInput B
Already received packets are rejected
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
DC-power Supply Technology for Building a High-reliability Power-supply System
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
To sustain a high-reliability communications network, it is necessary maintain acontinuous electrical power supply to communications equipment. At NTT, for manyyears, we have been constructing high-reliability power-supply systems that supplypower to switching equipment and transmission equipment without interruption. Inrecent years, ICT (information-communication technology) equipment—which has takenon a main role in place of switching equipment—has become more densely packed, andthe amount of such equipment with high power consumption has been growing.Consequently, high-reliability direct-current (DC) power-supply technology (forsupplying electricity safely) has also been established for ICT equipment with largepower consumption.This technology can prevent oscillation trouble before it happens and minimize adverseaffects in the case of power-source short circuits.
■ Power supply is maintained without interruptions even during power outages■ High current (up to 140 A) per single line can be supplied■ Oscillation faults (which periodically vary with supply voltage) can be prevented■ Voltage fluctuation during short-circuit faults is suppressed, and its influence on
operation of other ICT equipment is avoided■ Recommended conditions of ICT equipment are published in Technical Requirements
■ Power supply for large-capacity ICT equipment used for next-generation networks(NGNs)
■ High-reliability power-supply system for data centers■ DC power-supply systems forecast to become popular in the home an offices of the
future*1 PDC: Power Distribution Cabinet *2 PSU: Power Supply Unit
DC power supply High reliability Power consumption
NTT Energy and Environment Systems Laboratories
PSU*2
ICT equipment
AC200V
PSU
電源部
Short-circuit current
ICT equipment
Volta
ge[V
] -57.0 V
-40.5 V
Normal operating voltage
Input voltage to device of another system
Backup batteries
Rectifier (AC to -48 V DC)
Capacitor box
Fuse
PDC*1
Large-capacity ICT equipment
It is desired to keep voltage fluctuation within the normal operating voltage range.
Short-circuitaccident
H-NW-5
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
10-Tbit/s Class Ultra-high-capacity Optical Transmission Technology
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
NTT has developed an ultra-high-capacity (13.5 Tbits per second) long-haul (7,200 km)optical transmission technology to meet expected increases in data traffic. The capacity-distance product (an important measure of transmission capability) is the highestreported for this type of technology. The 13.5 Tbit/s capacity enables 135 channels ofhigh-definition digital movies to be transmitted in one second. The signal multiplexes135 channels (or wavelengths), each with capacity of 111 Gbit/s, and each channel canaccommodate 100 GbE signal (next-generation Ethernet standard) reliably andefficiently. (T: Tera, 1012, G: Giga, 109)
■ Long haul transmission of ultra-high-capacity signal over 13 Tbit/s■ Guaranteed capacity to handle future increases in data traffic ■ Line rate supporting 100 GbE signal■ Accommodation of client signal by using OTN technology of ITU-T standard
■ Backbone optical core network of NTT Communications■ Metro optical network of NTT East and NTT West
100G transmission Fusion of light and wireless Digital signal processing
Application
Technology 1 Technology 1,2,4
7,200 km transmission of 135 wavelength-multiplexed 100 Gbit/s signalsTechnology 1: optical modulation and wireless communication technology
providing high spectral efficiency Technology 2: coherent detection technology for high receiver sensitivityTechnology 3: low noise technique to improve SNR at optical amplifierTechnology 4: digital signal processing to compensate for waveform distortion
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500
Q-fa
ctor
(dB
)
Transmission distance (km)
1567.95 nm1590.41 nm1614.83 nm
AvMinMax
(a) Q-factor vs. transmission distance
Q-limit
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500
Q-fa
ctor
(dB
)
Transmission distance (km)
1567.95 nm1590.41 nm1614.83 nm1614.83 nm
AvMinMinMaxMax
(a) Q-factor vs. transmission distance
Q-limit
λ1 MU
X
DE
MU
X
Optical Amplifierλn
λ1
λn
SignalWDM System
Fiber
Signal Signal
Signal
Technology 3
8
10
12
1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620
Q-f
acto
r (d
B)
Intensity (10 dB/div
)
Wavelength (nm)
14
16
Q-limit
AvAv
MaxMin14
13
12
11
10
9
85000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500
Q-limit
Transmission distance (km)
Q-fa
ctor
(dB
)
1567.95 nm
1614.83 nm1590.41 nm
Q-fa
ctor
(dB
)
8
10
12
14
16
1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620
Q-limit
(a) Q-factor vs. transmission distance
Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (10 dB/div)
(b) Optical spectra and Q-factor (after 6,248 km transmission)
Router/L2-SW
Router/L2-SW
Router/L2-SW
Router/L2-SW
LANRouter/L2-SW
Router/L2-SW
Router/L2-SW
Router/L2-SW
LAN
Transmission line100 GbE
100 GbE
Optical Transport Network(OTN)
Nodeequipment
Node equipment
NTT Network Innovation Laboratories
H-NW-6
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
120-GHz-band, 10-Gbit/s Wireless Transmission System
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
This system utilizes a millimeter band (120-GHz frequency band) not yet used industriallyand provides high-speed wireless transmission (10 Gbit/s). These features makewireless transmission of uncompressed High Definition Television (HDTV) images onsix-channel possible. In 2008, at live broadcast sites at the Beijing Olympic Games,video material transmission tests using the wireless system were carried out incollaboration with Fuji Television network Ltd., and the practicality of the system wasthereby confirmed. From now onwards, this technology can be applied to, for example,large-capacity ad-hoc circuits and wireless communication between buildings equippedwith 10G Ethernet.
■ As a world’s first, uncompressed HDTV-image transmission on six channels ispossible wirelessly
■ Transmission over maximum distance of 3 km is possible (under clear skies withforward-error-correction device used)
■ Utilizing MMIC* developed at NTT Laboratories achieves compactness, weight-saving,and low power consumption with equipment of the same size and operability asexisting wireless equipment for transmitting broadcasting contents
■ Industrially untapped frequency band (120 GHz) is utilized, contributing to expandingradiowave resources
■ Video-content transmission (without delay or picture degradation) from live broadcastsites like golf tournaments
■ Large-capacity link-up line for areas where optical fiber is difficult to lay■ Ad-hoc large capacity lines for handling natural disasters, events, etc.
* MMIC: Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits
- Part of this research was performed as a research project called “Research and Development for Expanding Radiowave Resources” funded by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
120-GHz-band wireless Uncompressed Hi-Vision 10 Gbit/s
NTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories
Application scenario in broadcasting field Application scenario in communication field
Carrier-wave frequency
Transmission distance
Antenna
Detection method
Occupied spectrum
Modulation method
Output power
125 GHz
2 km (under clear skies with no error correction)
Cassegrain antenna
Envelope detection
116.5-133.5 GHz
Amplitude shift keying (ASK)
20 mW
Wireless-system specification 120-GHz-band millimeter-wave moduleBased on design and packaging technologies of NTT Laboratories, a compact, low-power-consumption RF module can perform carrier-wave generation in 120-GHz band, modulation, amplification, and demodulation.
- Transmission module- Power-amp module- Receiver module
DMUXMUX
Multiple broadcasts of uncompressed HDTV contents (maximum of six channels)
Relay station
Mobile-broadcastunit
Wireless transmissionbetween buildings
Disaster recovery Remote medical services
120-GHz-band millimeter wireless system
H-NW-7
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
10 G-class Communication LSI Design Technology
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
For next-generation communications systems, we are researching and developing LSIdesign technologies that enable frame processing at 10 Gbit/s. The high-speedcommunication LSI has to process two types of frames. One is a "user frame" thatrequires high-speed and continuous processing. The other is a "control signal" that doesnot have to be high-speed but must be able to handle different communication protocols.Our high-speed flexible LSI architecture accordingly uses software or hardware toprocess these frames. The main functions of the LSI were implemented in FPGAs*1, andframe processing at 10 Gbit/s was confirmed.
■ The LSI architecture divides the received frames into a user frame and control signal,and it uses hardware to process the user frame and software to process the controlsignal. This simultaneously speeds up data processing and makes the protocolcontrol more flexible
■ The frame separating and inserting circuits can pick out slow frames from fast framesand insert slow frames into fast frames precisely
■ The prototype system and communication-test environment have a communicationcapability of 10 Gbit/s
■ LSIs for high-speed communications systems such as 10G-EPON*2
■ LSIs for routers and other high-speed network equipment
*1 FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array*2 10G-EPON: 10-Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network
Communication-LSI 10Gbit/s Design-technologies
NTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories
Prototype system
Frame separate
Frame insert
User frames
User frames
Control signalsSoftwareProcessor
Structure of communication LSI
Usage of communication LSI
ApartmentBuilding Home
Telephoneoffice Internet
CommunicationLSI
10 Gbit/s
Low-speedblock
LSI
10 Gbit/s
Framein/out
Framein/out
Optic 10 Gbit/sinput/output
Trans-ceiver
Processor
ClientServer
10 Gbit/s
10 Gbit/s
10 Gbit/s
High-speedblock
Optic 10 Gbit/sinput/output
Trans-ceiver
Proc. circuit(FPGA)
Trans-ceiver
Processor
Trans-ceiver
Proc. circuit(FPGA)
Proc. circuit(FPGA)
H-NW-8
Copyright © 2009 NTT
NTT Research and Development 2009 Review of Activities
What’sHot in R&D Telecommunications Network Technologies
40 Gbit/s DQPSK Optical Front-end
Overview
Features
Application scenarios
DQPSK*1 modulation offers advantages in terms of high spectral efficiency and gooddispersion tolerance, so it is utilized for transmission at more than 40 Gbit/s. An opticalfront-end*2 for DQPSK signals consists of two delay-line interferometers (DLIs) and twobalanced receivers. We have developed a very compact optical front-end with verycompact novel design DLIs and a one-package two-channel balanced receiver. Thecompact front end is expected to help to miniaturize a 40-Gbit/s optical receiver.
■ DLIs based on a silica-based PLC*3 provide high reliability and good producibility■ Very compact DLIs with a single-chip design■ Reduced power consumption of temperature control by half■ Single-package two-channel differential optical receiver with novel-design PDs and
dual-channel one-chip high-speed amplifier IC■ High-speed feed-through*4 signal output suitable for high-density board assembly
■ Optical receiver for 40-Gbit/s DQPSK communication with reduced module size andpower consumption
*1 DQPSK: Differential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (A digital modulation scheme that detects a 4-valued carrier-signal phase by comparing it with the phase of one-symbol-delayed part)
*2 optical front end: An optical-signal-to-electrical-signal converter with DQPSK.*3 PLC: Planar Lightwave Circuit (An optical waveguide fabricated on a substrate and utilized in a
wide variety of compact optical filters)*4 feed-through: A pin-formed interface that provides a more compact assembly than possible with
a connector-type interface.
DQPSK optical front-end 2-channel balanced receiver PLC type delay line interferometer
NTT Photonics Laboratories
Receiver performance
Delay-line interferometers Optical detectors
Balanced receiversOptical
fiber
Temperature controller
DQPSKsignal
■Basic configuration
1/4-wavelength delay
Fabricated optical module
40 mm16 17 18 19 20 21
Optical sig.-noise ratio (dB)
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
In phase ch.
Quad. phase ch.
Wave formBit e
rror
rate
Compact design, Low-power temp. control
Two-in-one package,High-density interface (feed-through)
DQPSK optical front-end
■Developedtechniques
Quadrature-phase channel
In-phase channelHigh-speed amp. IC
H-NW-9
- Single package- Feed-through output
Two-in-one package, High-density interface (feed-through)
2-channel balanced receiver
Compact design、Low-power temp. control
PLC-type DLI
- Single-chipcompact design