Television(Basic Understanding)

Nithin KalorthOctober 20 2012

IntroductionA telecommunication medium Monochromic and ColourTele = Far ; Vision = To seeTelevision founded around 1884 Commercially grew up around 1920s

Television StandardsNTSCNTSC : National Television System

CommitteeAnalog TelevisionUsed in USA, China, Cuba, Canada etcIn NTSC, 30 frames are transmitted each

second. Each frame is made up of 525 individual scan lines.

PALPAL: Phase alternating LinesAnalog TelevisionIn PAL, 25 frames are transmitted each

second. Each frame is made up of 625 individual scan lines.

SECAMSECAM : Sequential Color with MemoryIt is  analog colour television

Television programmeTypes of programme:a. Episodeb. Serialc. Mega seriald. Seasonse. Tele filmsf. TV movies

Types of formata. Scriptedb. Unscriptedc. Informational

Stages of programmePre ProductionProductionPost ProductionPromotion and Distribution

Pilot episodeFirst episode of programme.Mainly done for creating impression on

viewers and distributor.Used to sell the programme.Used to make bookmark of the rest

programme.

Special ProgrammeA special episode made from the original

programme for a purpose.Celebration, festival, promotion, anniversary

etc.

Developing ProgrammeObjectives The aim of the programme .ContentWhat does or should the programme should

carryDurationThe time of the programme.

Pre production (Documentary)Scouting the location – Finding the place

of shooting and fulfilling needs.Writing the treatment – Verbal description

of the suggested topic or subject of the documentary.

Budget – Organizing essential expense and proper planning to use it.

Pre – Production Script – Proposed interview, cut away, video shots etc.

Production (Documentary)Interview names and datesShootingCrew managementTransportation plans.Executing script.Making log sheets

Post production (Documentary)Reviewing tape with log sheet.Writing final script Coordination final script and log sheetEditingMusic, Voice overTitle

Programme ProducerThe key person who controls the whole

programme.Know as Director, Creator or head.

Duties of programme producer

1. Clearly identify the goals and purposes of the production.

2. Identify and analyze your target audience.3. Check out similar productions done in the past4. Determine the overall value of the production5. Develop a Treatment or a Production Proposal6. Develop A Production Schedule7. Select Key Production Personnel8. Decide On Locations

9.Decide On Talent, Wardrobe and Sets10.Decide on the Remaining artists11.Production Personnel12.Obtain Permits, Insurance and Clearances13.Select Video Inserts,14.Still Photos and Graphics15.Moving to Rehearsals and Shooting16.The Editing Phase17.Do Postproduction Follow-Up

GenresTV genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of programmes that are recurring and have similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, filmic techniques or conventions.

Different genresActionAdventureComedyCrimeDramaEpic/HistoryHorrorMusicalsScience FictionWarReality

Programme ideasFrom real life incident.By conducting audience surveyBrainstorming and clusteringKnow demands of sponsorsReview past programmesRead booksKnow the market needsThink which can satisfy your needs then

audience..

RevenueThe production is based on money and profit.So for calculating the profit, one has to follow

following steps:COST PER MINUTEThe cost per minute is relatively easy to

determine; you simply divide the final production cost by the duration of the finished product. For example, if a 30-minute production costs 120,000, the cost per minute would be 4,000.

COST PER VIEWERCost per viewer is also relatively simple to

figure out; you simply divide the total production costs by the actual or anticipated audience.

Cost Per Measured ResultsThe last category, cost per measured results,

is the most difficult to determine.For this we must measure production costs

against intended results. In commercial television we might sell 300,000 packages of razor blades after airing one 60-second commercial. If our profit on 300,000 packages was 3 lakhs and we spent 2lakhs producing and airing the commercial, we might question whether it was a good investment.