Temperate Deciduous Forest

Chris: Zoologist, William: Botanist, Karl: Geographer

and Kishan: Meteorologist

KARL: GEOGRAPHER

Locations

Temperate deciduous forests can be found in the eastern part of the United States and most of Europe, Canada and parts of China and Japan.

MAP OF TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FORESTS

• With an elevation range of 6,640–6,821 feet, you would see lots of hills. You would see many rivers, here are some main ones Mekong, Chaopraya, Murray, Amazon, Mississippi, Hudson, Rhine, Rhone, Po, Congo, Niger, Severn and Shannon.

The Human effect Humans cut down trees and plants, for paper, chairs, tables, etc. Also, humans take foods, ex-nuts, berries, animals, fish, etc. Taking these things will ruin animals homes and create more air pollution. I know it doesn't seem like such a big deal but think of hundreds off people doing that in a day and all of the heavy machinery, gas and oil that goes into cutting down the trees. All that pollution can kill animals from the wastes.

CREDITS• http://worldbiomes2014.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/1/38217547/5574048_orig.png

• http://bioexpedition.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/04/Temperate_Deciduous_Forest_2_600.jp

• http://www.lowes.com/cd_Chain+Saw+Safety_1281727450_

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chainsaw

• http://www.ducksters.com/science/ecosystems/temperate_forest_biome.php

• http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sodn/parks/gicl.cfm

• https://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/8984515v5458945-trapper-s-cabin-near-bennett-chilkoot-pass

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest#Human_effects

• http://www.slideshare.net/16onh/the-deciduous-forest

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Dark+Forest&Form=IQFRDR&adlt=strict#view=detail&id=2D01C73E32AD5253B1E8AD72EE77245B064EA7EB&selectedIndex=0

KISHAN: METEOROLOGY

Temperature

In the temperate deciduous forest, the temperature usually ranges from -22°F – 86°F. The temperate deciduous forest has 4 seasons, winter, spring, summer and fall. The average temperature is about 70°F in the summer and below freezing in the winter. Summer months begin in late June and end in late August. Winter months don’t start until December. The climate is very swift and dramatic. Over a year it goes from cold and snowy to hot and rainy.

Precipitation

In the temperate deciduous forest, the average amount of rainfall per year is about 50 cm. Also in colder regions the rainfall can have up to 200 cm/year. The precipitation happens year round and is usually it at its highest in the spring and in the early summer. It is ranked the most wet biome next to rainforests. Snow usually occurs in late fall and winter. Frost occurs throughout the forest in the fall, due to precipitation. Overall it is rainy or snowy most of the time and considered to be a very wet environment.

HumidityHumidity is very high in the temperate deciduous forest. Humidity ranges from 60% - 80% throughout the year. Being near the cool lake waters makes for a cooler and less humid summer. The humidity also depends on the forests altitude. Higher up in the mountains the humidity will be lower. The humidity determines how much precipitation there will be. It also causes fog and dew.

Air pressure

• The temperate deciduous forests near the equator have very low air pressure. Scientists call this a low pressure zone. Clouds cannot exist in high pressure so they are more common near the equator. This makes for a lot of precipitation such as rain or snow.

Wind speeds

• The wind speeds are not very high in the temperate deciduous forest. They usually range from about 8-15 mph. In the winter months the wind speed usually is higher at around 13-15 mph. In the summer months however the wind speeds are lower and usually range from 8-11 mph.

How animals have adapted to the weather conditions

• Animals, such as bears, adapt to this weather by hibernating in the winter. This means they go into a sleep like state where they breathe very slowly. Birds adapt to the harsh winter climates by migrating south where it is very warm.

How plants have adapted to the weather conditions

• Plants in the temperate deciduous forest lose their leaves in the winter time because broad leaves can cause great water loss. Trees adapt to the climate by having very thick bark which helps them stay warm when it gets cold in the winter time. Some plants also adapt to the climate by being able to lean towards the sun.

Meteorologist’s Work Cited• https://prezi.com/mwjjahdwerle/deciduous-forest-biome/• https://prezi.com/0f53tx5hvhw8/the-temperate-forest/• http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/biotemperate.php• http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/tempded.htm• http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_forest.htm• http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep8c.htm• http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forsite/tdfbiome.htm• http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/temperateforest.html• http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_climate_page.htm• http://www.softschools.com/facts/biomes/temperate_deciduous_forest_biome_facts/161/• http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/temperate-deciduous-forests/ • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/dforest.html• https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=94• http://www.bioexpedition.com/temperate-deciduous-forest-biome/• http://www.fossweb.com/delegate/ssi-foss-ucm/Contribution%20Folders/FOSS/

multimedia_ms_1E/WeatherandWater/climatefactors/regions/deciduous_forest/content.html

WILLIAM: BOTANY

Lady Fern

• This plant is primarily used as decorations in houses and grows around 2-3 feet tall. They usually grow near rivers, open thickets and open areas. Many animals such as bears and elks eat these plants while American Indians used them as medicine for childbirth and to heal wounds.

Pecan Tree

• ENORMOUS up to 160 feet tall, the pecans we eat come from this tree. This tree is not endangered and grows mostly in environments that have a varying climate. It uses flowers to make the nuts which keep animals fertilizing it. Over 250 million pounds of pecans are produced from all the trees in the world in 1 year. This keeps animals from eating the actual tree.

American Beech Tree

• This tree grows up to 90-100 feet tall and the roots grow up to 60 feet away from the tree to absorb nutrients. Their buds look like bullets and it can’t live in the city. It has large leaves and is very sturdy and is used for many types of furniture. Their nuts are easily edible and they can be eaten without any special procedures. Some of the roots are above ground and prohibit anything else from growing so it can get all the nutrients.

Guelder Rose

• It can "stand" up to 10 feet tall which intimidates herbivores and omnivores. It's berries can be used for ink while it's flower and bark can be used for other purposes like medicine. In Canada people still use it as a food source instead of cranberries. It lives in a cool climate even in these forests.

Northern Arrowhead

• It is 4 inches long and 3 inches across. They were used by Native Americans as arrow shafts. Many animals eat either it's leaves or berries and it can can grow up to 15 feet tall. It grows along waterways such as rivers. It's flowers are a decorators choice. This plant is so large, most animals don't try to eat it.

White Oak• This plant is 80-100 feet tall and can

live up to 500-600 years. Some flowers are so small they are invisible to the naked eye. The seeds are acorns eaten by multiple animals. It can grow almost anywhere and is definitely not endangered. It's the 2nd most common tree in the world and the most common in Europe and the eastern United States. It has a tap root that can go up to 20 feet deep. As it gets older the taproot is not needed so it is replaced with simple surface roots and underground thin laterals (underground roots) grow. Humans value it as our main and most powerful source of wood. The powerful roots give it water and nutrients. The flower holds the acorns until it is ready to plant a new tree.

Shagbark Hickory • This tree looks ashy,

like it was lit aflame then extinguished. It also has different genders. Flowers have to be fertilized by each other to reproduce the tree 100 feet tall. This tree grows best among other Oak trees. It makes animals not think it is alive so they stay away.

Tawny Milk Cap Mushrooms• This mushroom is edible and smells like

fish. It is a major decomposer in the ecosystem. It eats wood by using special chemicals. Insects most commonly spread the spores of this plant so it can reproduce. The light doesn't help them grow, it sucks the nutrients from other things like water. Technically not a plant or an animal but a fungi. It is 2 to 5 in wide and up to 9 in tall. It is found primarily in the forests in Canada, Japan, Eastern United States and Europe. It is the most common decomposer in these areas. It can turn black so animals think it is dead and they don't try to eat it even though it is edible. With their small shape they are easy to miss.

Poison Ivy• This plant produces a defense

mechanism that causes bare skin to become irritated, this happens when you run into Poison Ivy. Poison Ivy is quite common in these forests. This plant is very adaptable and needs very little nutrition for it to grow. It is quite a simple plant. It has normal roots and everything else. Its leaves are covered in a chemical it produces called uruchiol, which keeps animals and humans away.

Pine Tree

• This plant is very common in the forests that are at a lower climate while other trees are most common in higher climates. Unlike most other trees its leaves don't fall off in the fall. They are sharp leaves and they fly in the wind and fight against the harsh conditions. Another way they stay on the tree is their small size. It's leaves staying alive helps it get enough nutrition in brutal landscapes. This plant lives most commonly in colder areas.

Abiotic Factors Part 1

Abiotic factors are non-living things in forests.Including Rocks, Soil (nutrients), Water, Sunlight,

Wind, Air, Temperature, Dead animals and plants. Rocks are made of simple material that prohibits plants from growing through them so they find a

away around. Some plants (including trees) find ways to crack through rocks. Soil provides necessary nutrients to the plants. Water provides other nutrients soil does not. Sunlight gives plants

photosynthesis that is energy like a big breakfast of energy drinks.

Abiotic factors Part 2

The Wind changing can change where the plants seeds go. The C02 in the air can be transformed to oxygen by plants. Dead animals and plants make the nutrients in the soil greater.

Biotic Factors Part 1

• Biotic Factors are factors that determine different things about the plants that are alive.

• Including Humans, Animals and other plants• The Biotic factors that effect plants in the

Temperate Deciduous Forest are other plants and animals because the only impacts humans have had on these areas were minor development. While other plants and animals effect these forests every day and have for so many years.

Biotic Factors part 2

• Animals mostly affect these plants by eating them almost all omnivores and herbivores eat plants to live daily. Animals also help some plants by spreading their seeds.

• Other plants usually hurt plants in the central vicinity of each other usually by taking vital nutrients like water.

CHRISTOPHER: ZOOLOGY

Biotic and Abiotic factors

• Biotic factors are living things that help animals survive; a few of them would be trees and plants for herbivores, and animals and bugs for carnivores.

• Abiotic factors are non-living things that also help animals survive. Some of these are not directly related to animals. Soil helps plants grow, so herbivores have food, healthy herbivores most likely lead to healthy carnivores. Water is another abiotic factor, as all animals need it to survive.

2 food chains

Bald Eagle

• The bald eagle is a bird native to North America. This majestic bird is a carnivore. It eats fish, mammals, reptiles, seabirds, and dead animals. Sometimes they even steal from other birds mid-flight. Some adaptations that this eagle has are:

• Sharp talons to catch prey.• A bony overhang over the eyes to block glare when hunting• A curved beak to tear fish apart.

PlatypusThe platypus is one of the only egg laying mammals on Earth. They live in temperate forests in Australia. The platypus is a carnivore. It eats fish, shrimp, and larvae. The platypus has many adaptations to help it survive. These include:

A 6th sense; electrocepters in the beak to feel electricity given off by organisms.

Thick fur to keep warm.

Webbed feet to swim fast.

A tail that stores fat.

Venomous spurs to defend their selves

Northern Copperhead

The northern copperhead is a carnivorous snake. It eats mammals, reptiles, birds, and frogs. Some of it’s adaptations are heat vision (to sense prey and strike accurately) and venom (to kill prey).

White tail deer

The whitetail deer is a herbivore that you can see just about anywhere (if you’re lucky)! This deer has an adaptation of camouflage to blend in from wolves and bears.

Moose

The moose is the largest of the deer family. They can weigh more than 1000 lbs.! The moose an herbivore. Since it is so big it has very little enemies. The moose is also very fast.

Chipmunk

• This little rodent is a member of the herbivorous squirrel family. It eats like a typical squirrel; nuts and berries. This animal has camouflage to keep it hidden from predators. It also has claws to dig holes in the ground.

Black Bear

Black bears are omnivores that eat mainly plants. This bear uses a few adaptations that include claws to climb trees and fur to stay warm.

Box Turtle

Box turtles are omnivores. They eat plants and insects. These animals have features to help them survive, like a shell to protect it and a beak to eat plants.

Coyotes

• Coyotes are fox like animals that eat rabbits, mice, reptiles, fruit, insects. They sometimes form a pack to hunt deer. They have very sharp senses of smell and hearing. They are also very smart. They can kill off a population of small animals fast, which usually disrupts the ecosystem.

Earthworm

• The earthworm is a decomposer. It is very important because without it, the forest plants wouldn’t get all their nutrients and dead animals would pile up all over the place.

Sources

• Pictures• https://www.google.com/search?

q=soil&safe=active&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=QncFVdCiGYPCggTJ8IPgCA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1920&bih=969#imgdii=_&imgrc=l8eN0w9QJLAw9M%253A%3BqJvd7glr3GyhcM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.geologicnow.com%252Fimages%252Fchapter35%252Ftrace_soil_01.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.geologicnow.com%252F35_Takeda.php%3B900%3B600

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Sources

• Pictures Continued• https://www.google.com/search?

q=soil&safe=active&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=QncFVdCiGYPCggTJ8IPgCA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1920&bih=969#safe=active&tbm=isch&q=whitetail+deer&imgdii=dEE0GEnx18jfYM%3A%3BASecOV_-wosBaM%3BdEE0GEnx18jfYM%3A&imgrc=dEE0GEnx18jfYM%253A%3BDbMaU59bdwX-vM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%252FIMAGES%252FIllinois%252Fwhitetail_deer_lg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%252FSouth_Carolina%252FDeerWhiteTailed.html%3B380%3B307

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Sources Research

• http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_animal_page.htm

• http://inchinapinch.com/hab_pgs/terres/d_forest/animals.htm

• Books• Reptiles and Amphibians by Mark O’Shea and

Tim Halliday• Mammals

Fun Facts• Much of the forests in Western Europe are gone due to overdevelopment.

Unfortunately, the ones in Eastern Europe are now dying from acid rain.• A single oak tree can produce 90,000 acorns in one year.• Trees use birds, acorns, and even the wind to spread their seed

throughout the forest.• Deciduous is a Latin word that means "to fall off".