989TEMPERED CAPTIVITY.

are round and hard, small in size, not unlike the

eruption of modified small-pox, and if only the eruptionon the forearms, hands, legs, and feet be observed it wouldbe impossible in more than half the number of cases to saywhether the disease was chicken-pox or small-pox. But all

cases of small-pox present typical vesicles on either the

abdomen, chest, back, thighs, or arms. Especial regardmust therefore be had to the distribution of the rash, andespecially to the fact that in chicken-pox some of the vesiclesat least have reached their full development within one dayfrom the appearance of the papule, while in small-pox thevesicles are not fully developed until five days after theappearance of the eruption.

TEMPERED CAPTIVITY.

MR. EDMUND SELOUS was moved to considerable indigna-tion in the Satxrday -Revie,7v some months since by the con-dition of various animals in the Zoological Gardens ; his

emotions still seek a new outlet in a partial reprint of

those articles which has been issued with the assistance ofthe "Humanitarian League." The writer of this pamphletreads into the animal mind purely human feelings, an errorwhich is exceedingly widespread. The study of animal

psychology, as has been pointed out again and again, is aptto be most seriously impeded by this commonly acceptedanthropomorphism. It is quite inaccurate to compare thesufferings of a man with those of a quadruped ; our miseries,even purely physical pains and pangs, are so interwoven withexperience, reflection, and brain processes generally thatthey are entirely changed in character. In altogetherwaiving discussion upon this very important poirt-indeed, inpractically asserting an entire community of feelings andemotions between the lower animals and ourselves-Mr. Selous

commits himself to extremely uncertain ground upon whichto base an indictment of the actions and inaction of the

Zoological Society. Besides, judged by such tests as we canapply, for example, by healthy appearance, alertness of

demeanour, and by appetite and longevity, Mr. Selous’s

sympathies require revision. A parrot that lived for 54 years,a polar bear, a crane, a pelican, and a condor that survivedamong these alleged miseries for periods varying from 30 to40 years, and plenty of other instances to which Mr.Selous can gain access, are not in absolute harmonywith his views. Mr. Selous deprecates an inaccuracy, how-ever slight, as likely to damage his case. Properlyimpressed by this desire to avoid misstatements Mr. Selouswould have done better to consult someone with adequatezoological knowledge, and others acquainted with the diffi-culties of, and problems connected with, keeping live animalsbefore printing for a second time The Old Zoo and theNew." He should also have ascertained the precise circum-stances of some of the creatures to which he refers. The

swan allowed with "cruel absurdity " a minute basin towash in was temporarily deposited in such a place. The greatbustard was destroyed. The "jackals, large wolves, andwild dogs " are not limited to "brick yards about the size ofa kitchen area" ; they have in addition a considerable and<)ark den behind. When Mr. Selous observes of the wild catthat it utters a sound between a moan and a snarl-a striking;-;ound eloquent of fierce suffering "-he is a pure inventor offeline language. The eagle is thought by Mr. Selous and bythe inexpert public generally to be mainly occupied in

soaring and generally admiring the landscape. The eagle’does not soar so much except to look for prey. IfMr. Selous knew much of the habits of monkeyshe would not suggest a profusion of tropical treesfor them to climb among. There would not be a

leaf left by these mischievous creatures in a few hours.The "aerial shrubbery" desired for the chimpanzees andurangs would not long be in existence. Mr. Selous thinks

that the "poor apes," which he elsewhere I I amusively "

terms " bosky Pucks," should be given opportunities forretirement. Tamed animals do not shun man. Eagles,vultures, kites, and owls, which Mr. Selous would excludefrom hi? ideal "Zoo," live long in captivity and breed. Sealsand penguins in Mr. Selous’s ideal "Zoo" are to "get on verywell together." Yes t The agreement would be thoroughbut gastronomic. The penguins would end the day withinthe seals. Otherwise there is no fault to be found withMr. Selous’s "Garden of Delight." We should be as

glad as he to see it. But the Zoological Society must firitof all add to its income a good many more thousandsof pounds. Then the writer of the pamphlet before uswould probably moderate his curious objection to the largenumber of species exhibited by the society and would cheer-fully cry" Let them all come " (recollecting, though, we willhope, that he is not quoting Mr. Pickwick accurately, as hethinks he is) with the rest of us. The best method of

attaining this desirable end-for Mr. Selous has no primaryobjection to captive animals-would be to encourage thepublic to visit the gardens instead of dissuading them byappealing to the most ignorant kind of sentimentalism, andto temper his criticisms with a greater amount of knowledgeacquired on the spot-by admitting, for example, that whileduring the last few years large structural changes for thebetter have been effected in the erection of new houses there

is every prospect of continued advance as far as the society’sincome will allow. ____

THE SOUTHWARK BOROUGH COUNCIL AND ITSPUBLIC ANALYSTS.

AT a meeting of the Southwark Borough Council held OilOct. 2nd at the Southwark Town-hall the Public Healthand Sanitary Committee reported that they had had

under their consideration the question regarding the publicanalysts at present holding office in the borough. It

appeared that Dr. John Muter was appointed by the lateNewington Vestry and the St. George’s Vestry in 1872 and Dr.Richard Bodmer by the late St. Saviour’s Board of Works in1890. Dr. Muter was paid at the rate of 10s. 6d. per sampleand Dr. Bodmer at a salary of J2.105 per annum for a maximumof 200 samples. The fees received by Dr. Muter alone duringthe quarter ending June last were J2.250 9s. 6d., and theamount was more likely to increase than to decrease. The

committee had every reason to believe that the councilcould obtain the services of a fully-qualified public analyst todevote the whole of his time to the work of the council at amaximum salary of ;E500 per annum. The cost of fitting upand maintaining a laboratory and providing the necessaryapparatus and materials, together with the services of a

capable assistant, was estimated not to exceed J2.300 perannum, and having also in view the time which would besaved by the inspector in carrying samples to the analyst thecommittee were unanimously of opinion that a considerablesaving would be effected by the appointment of one publicanalyst. Assuming that the Treasury should be of opinionthat Dr. Muter was entitled to any compensation for loss ofoffice the amount of pension based on the Treasury scale,without taking into consideration any deduction on accountof apparatus and chemicals necessary to enable him to earnhis fees, would amount to between 140 and &pound; 160. With

regard to Dr. Bodmer, the amount of compensation wouldnot exceed 25. They therefore recommended that thecouncil should abolish the two offices and should appoint onepublic analyst to devote the whole of his time to the serviceof the council at a commencing salary of E400, rising byannual increments of B25 to a maximum of J2.500, the councilto provide a laboratory, apparatus, and all necessary assist-ance. This was agree to by the council. The council arewell advised in adopting the recommendation of the com-mittee. The appointment of public analyst should be