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The Synergistic Effects of the Micro BN and Nano
Al2O3 in Micro-nano Composites on Enhancing the
Thermal Conductivity for Insulating Epoxy
Wancong Bian 1, Tong Yao1, Ming Chen1, Cheng Zhang2, Tao Shao2, Ying Yang1*
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Supporting Information
S1. Viscosity
The flowability is characterized by the viscosity of the epoxy resin before hardening measured
by NDJ-79 rotary viscometer (Shanghai Pingxuan Instrment Co.,Ltd) as shown in Figure S1.
The viscosities of neat epoxy resin, BdAK10-3/1, BdAK20-3/1 and BdAK30-3/1 are 435 mPa·s,
975 mPa·s, 3600 mPa·s and 80000 mPa·s, which indicate the viscosities of the composites
increase with the increasing concentration at the same Bd/AK proportion of 3/1. While the
viscosities decrease with decreasing the Bd/AK proportion at 30 wt% of the concentration, from
80000 mPa·s (BdAK30-3/1) to 23000 mPa·s (BdAK30-2/2), 5700 mPa·s (BdAK30-1/3) and
1700 mPa·s (BdAK30-0/4), as AK has less effect than Bd on viscosity of the composite mixture,
which is also one of the reasons for using binary fillers.
1
(a)
(b)
Figure S1. The viscosity of epoxy composites with (a) different concentrations and (b) with
different Bd/AK proportions
S2. Complex Permittivity
2
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10EP@135 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10EP@140 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
(a1) (a2)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063456789
101112131415
EP@160 C ' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063456789
101112131415
EP@180 C ' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
(a3) (a4)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK10-3/1@135 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK10-3/1@140 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
(b1) (b2)
3
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25BdAK10-3/1@160 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25BdAK10-3/1@180 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
(b3) (b4)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK20-3/1@135 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK20-3/1@140 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
(c1) (c2)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063456789
101112131415
BdAK20-3/1@160 C ' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063456789
101112131415
BdAK20-3/1@180 C ' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
(c3) (c4)
4
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-3/1@135 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-3/1@140 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
(d1) (d2)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25
30
35BdAK30-3/1@160 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25
30
35BdAK30-3/1@180 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
(d3) (d4)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-2/2@135 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-2/2@140 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
(e1) (e2)
5
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25
30
35BdAK30-2/2@160 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25
30
35BdAK30-2/2@180 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
(e3) (e4)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-1/3@135 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-1/3@140 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
(f1) (f2)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25
30
35BdAK30-1/3@160 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25
30
35BdAK30-1/3@180 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
6
(f3) (f4)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-0/4@135 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 1063
4
5
6
7
8
9
10BdAK30-0/4@140 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
''
(g1) (g2)
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
5
10
15
20
25BdAK30-0/4@160 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
20
40
60
80
100BdAK30-0/4@180 C
' ''
Frequency (Hz)
'
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
''
(g3) (g4)
Figure S2. Complex permittivity of (a1-a4) EP, (b1-b4) BdAK10-3/1, (c1-c4) BdAK20-3/1, (d1-
d4) BdAK30-3/1, (e1-e4) BdAK30-2/2, (f1-f4) BdAK30-1/3 and (g1-g4) BdAK30-0/4 at
135,140,160,180 ºC.
S3. Mechanical Properties the composite
To understand the mechanical properties, tensile strength, ductility and impact toughness are
characterized by GT-TS-2000 (Gotech Testing Machines Inc.) and XJUD-5.5 Cantilever beam
7
impact testing machine (Chengdu Jinjian Testing Instrument Co., Ltd). Dumbbell-shaped
specimens (165.0×19.0×2.0 mm3) with the length of the narrow region of ~68±0.1mm were
made for tensile tests at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min, and rectangular specimens
(80.0×10.0×4.0 mm3) with V notch were made for impact toughness test.
As shown in Figure S3a, the impact toughness of BdAK10-3/1, BdAK20-3/1 and BdAK30-3/1
are 2.70 kJ/m2, 2.64 kJ/m2 and 2.46 kJ/m2. And as shown in Figure S4a, the tensile strength of
BdAK10-3/1, BdAK20-3/1 and BdAK30-3/1 are 29.57 MPa, 28.48 MPa and 27.51 MPa, the
ductility of BdAK10-3/1, BdAK20-3/1 and BdAK30-3/1 are 2.60%, 2.35% and 1.94%. The
results show that the impact toughness, tensile strength and ductility are not sensitive to the
concentration of particles and the size/ratios of the particles, as shown in Figure S3b and Figure
S4b [1-4]. For comparison, the impact toughness, tensile strength and ductility of neat epoxy resin
were 5.85 kJ/m2, 43.69MPa and 3.9% respectively, and those of the composites decrease with the
increasing concentration. The decrease of the impact toughness, tensile strength and ductility
should be related to the agglomerate of the high mass loading ratios of the filler particles.
(a)
8
(b)
Figure S3. Impact toughness of epoxy composites with (a) different concentrations and (b) with different Bd/AK proportions
(a)
9
(b)
Figure S4. Tensile strength and ductility of epoxy composites with (a) different concentrations and (b) with different Bd/AK proportions
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