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Temple College EMS Program 1
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN - BASIC
Temple College EMS Program
2
Pharmacology Basics
• Indications– The reasons for administering a medication or
performing a treatment
• Contra-indications– A factor that prevents the use of a medication
or treatment (eg. Allergies)
Temple College EMS Program
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Pharmacology Basics
• Dose– The amount of a drug to be administered at one
time
• Mechanism of Action– How a drug works
Temple College EMS Program
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Pharmacology Basics
• Effects– The desired result of administration of a
medication
• Side Effects– Effects that are not desired and that occur in
addition to the desired therapeutic effects
Temple College EMS Program
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Medication Names
• Chemical Name– describes the drug’s chemical structure
• Generic Name – reflects the chemical name, but in shorter form
Temple College EMS Program
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Medication Names
• Trade Name– the name the manufacturer uses to market the
drug
• Official Name– the name used in the U.S. Pharmocopoeia
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Routes of Administration
• Sublingual – Under the tongue
• Nitroglycerin
• Oral – The drug is swallowed and absorbed through
the stomach and intestinal tract• Oral Glucose
• Aspirin
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Routes of Administration
• Inhalation– a gas or aerosol inhaled by the patient
• Oxygen by mask
• Albuterol by hand-held metered- dose inhaler or by small-volume nebulizer
• Injection– The drug is injected into a muscle mass
• Epinephrine by auto-injector
Temple College EMS Program
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Medication Forms
• Tablets– compressed powder shaped into a disk
• Aspirin
• Nitroglycerin
• Liquid for Injections– liquid with no particulate matter
• Epinephrine
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Medication Forms
• Gel– viscous substance that the patient swallows
• Oral Glucose
• Suspension– drug particles mixed in a solute
• Activated Charcoal
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Medication Forms
• Fine powder for Inhalation– a crystalline solid mixed with liquid to form a
suspension• Albuterol by hand-held metered-dose inhaler
• Gas– Oxygen by mask
Temple College EMS Program
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Medication Forms
• Spray– Nitroglycerin sub-lingual spray
• Liquid/vaporized – Albuterol by small-volume nebulizer
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Steps to Administering Medication
• Obtain an Order
• Confirm Order
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Steps to Administering Medication
• Select Proper Medication– Avoid contamination– Check Expiration Date– Check For Signs of Contamination
• Discoloration
• Cloudiness
• Particulate Matter
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Steps to Administering Medication
• Verify Form & Route
• Inform Patient of Order– Inquire about allergies
• Recheck Medication – Expiration date– Contamination– At least two more times after initial check
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Steps to Administering Medication
• Assess Patient prior to administration of the drug
• Administer the correct dose by the correct route
• Dispose of Contaminated Equipment
• Reassess After Administration