terminaldesign-131031112810-phpapp01.pdf

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LECTURER:

DR.

SYARIFUL SYAFIQ BIN SHAMSUDIN

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

AIRPORT MANAGEMENT(BDU30103)

BACHELOR OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

(PROFESSIONAL PILOTING) WITH HONOURS

3BDC


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Learning Outcom

Students able to:-

Describe major terminal design concepts.

Describe about the passenger movement and baggag

handling.

Explain the public transportation at airport.

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Topics

1. Introduction to Terminal Design (Landside)

2. Type of Terminals

3. Principles of Terminal Design

4. Introduction to Landside Technological Impro

Design to Improve Capacity and Reduce Dela5. Terminal Facilities and Services

6. Airport Examples

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Landside areas include parking facilities, p

transportation, terminal building and all u

support the operations of terminals.

All these facilities associated with the mov

passengers and their baggage.

landside4


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Terminal Building

Terminal building is the main building where passengersembark and disembark aircrafts.

*embark = go onboard an aircraft.

The terminals are the front door to the Airport and serveas the public interface between the airside and landsideelements.


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The World's Largest Airport Termina

The Hong KongInternational Airport

passenger terminalbuilding is 1.3 km longcovers an area of 135acres and is the worldlargest single airportbuilding.

It also has 48 aircraft

parking stands withboarding gates and abridges, the terminal capacity of 45 millionpassengers a year, aon 460 flights every d

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Types

Types

Pier/Finger

Linear/Curvilinear

TransporterSatellite

CompactModule

UnitTerminal

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Linear/Curvelinear10


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Linear/Curvelinear

Simplest & Most straight-forward.

Simple organizational principles.

Consists of a single passenger processing area.

Primarily appropriate for low-activity O&P airports

Direct relationship between curbside and the airc

walking distances) Centralized passenger processing.

Airport:-

McNamara Terminal of Detroit Metro Airport

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Pier/Finger12

Kansai International Airport


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Pier/Finger


A/C are parked on both side of a concourse.

A/C usually arranged around the axis of the pier in a perpe

Passengers are usually processed at the simple terminal lothen routed down a "pier" where aircraft are parked in the "gates for boarding.

This concept fully separates the passenger processing functhe concourse activities.

Compare to linear, this concept type increases passenger wdistances from the processing area.

Compact arrangements of a/c along the pier, allow efficienthe a/c, thus lowering the operating costs for the airlines.

Example:-


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Satellite

It is completely surrounded by aircraft.

Connected to the processing areas of thunderground, at-grade, or overhead con

Parked in a nose-in arrangement aroun

Passenger processing is handled in a s

facility.

It is work well for heavy-activity airport w

large percentage of connecting passen

Example:- Orlando International

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Internati

Denver International

Chicago OHare International

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Transporter

It provides a complete separation ofacilities from those required to servi

the aircraft. Aircraft and a/c-servicing functions

located from the terminal. Passengers access the a/c via the m

that leave from the terminal gates, the aircraft.

The use of buses that drop off the paadjacent to the a/c on the apron.

Airplane taxiing time to and from thdecreased as well as reduce the amengine noise around the terminal.

Example:- Dulles International Airport Tampa International Airport

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Compact Module Unit Terminal16


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It is defined by the IATA as 2 or more separate, self-contain

each housing a single airline or group of airlines, each havi

access to ground transportation.

Example:-

Kennedy International Airport, NY

London Heathrow

Compact Module Unit Terminal17


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Advantages & DisadvantagesNo. Terminal Concept Advantages Disadvantages

1. Pier/Finger Economical to build

Efficient use of land

Centralized resources, economies of

scale (human,facilities, amenities)

Long walking distances

Limited expansion capability

Reduced aircraft circulation &

manoeuvrability

2. Linear Shortest walking distances

Simple construction

Lower baggage systems costs

(conveying/sorting) using

decentralized system

Duplication of terminal

facilities/amenities

Longer walking distances for transfe

pax

Longer minimum connecting time

3. Satellite Centralized resources (human,

facilities and amenities)

Facilitates pax management

Requires high technology, undergr

transportation system

High capital, maintenance & opera

cost

Increases minimum connecting tim

4. Transporter Ease of aircraft manoeuvrability

Ease of expansion capability for

aircraft stands

Simple and smaller central terminal

Cost savings

Higher instances of pax delays

High capital, maintenance & opera

costs

Increased minimum connecting tim

5. Compact module unit

terminal

Short walking distances

Simple pax & baggage

transportation/sorting systems within

each module

Multi-compact module units require

pax and bag transfer systems betw

terminals

Duplication of facilities, higher

operating costs

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Main Function of Terminal Airpor

Change of Movement Type-From car, train or bu

Processing (passenger processing space)-Ticke

security check.

Provide Passenger Facilities - Shopping, toilets,

meeting & greeting, business & conference.

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Function of Terminal Airport

To provide circulation, processing and holding sp

To operate smoothly.

To ensure the premium level of service.

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Parts of Terminal Building

A terminal building could be made for passengers, cargo an

other specific purposes. It comprises the basic physical par

Front side of the Terminal

Visitors Area and Check-in Area

Shop retails

Security Hold Area & Baggage Make Up area

Passengers Meet and Greet area

Airlines offices, counters for Tour and Travel agencies couservices

Lounges of Business class or Executive Class passengers

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Introduction to Landside Technological Improve

Design to Improve Capacity and Reduce Delay

Aircraft guidance, surveillance, and control.Airport access.

Airspace use procedures.

Weather and atmospheric effects.

Noise control and abatement.

Airport surface utilization.

Terminal facilities and services.

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Aircraft guidance, surveillance, and con

Microwave Landing System

Improve precision of navigation; make more flexible use of air

Surveillance radar

Improve surveillance; reduce separation

Traffic management techniques

Improve traffic flow

Airport access

Terminal curbfront design

Facilitate airport entrance and exit

Airport circulation roads

Facilitate automobile traffic flow

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Airspace use procedures

Reduced lateral separation for parallel and converging runways

Increase utilization of multiple runways in IMC

Reduced longitudinal separation

Reduce in-trail separation

Separate short runways for small aircraft

Segregate air traffic by size and speed

Weather and atmospheric effects

Wake vortex detection

Reduce in-trail separation

Wind shear detection

Alert pilots to wind shear

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Noise control and abatement

Control of aircraft noise

Reduce aircraft noise

Aircraft operating procedures

Lessen or distribute noise impacts

Airport surface utilization Surveillance and control

Improve surveillance, control, and guidance of aircraft on grou High-speed turnoffs and improved taxiways

Reduce runway occupancy time

Taxiway marking and lighting

Increase efficiency of taxiway use

Apron and gate facilities

Improve docking at gate; improve aircraft maintenance and se

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Terminal facilities and services

Terminal building design

Increase utility and efficiency of terminal building

Passenger movers

Improve circulation in terminal; reduce walking distance

Ticketing

Expedite ticket purchase and passenger check-in

Baggage handling

Expedite baggage check-in, transfer, and pickup

Passenger security screening

Make screening faster and more reliable

Federal Inspection Service

Expedite customs and immigration clearance

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Facilities required at Terminal Building

Access and Landside Interface.

Processing.

Holding Areas.

Airlines and Support Activities.

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Processing Areas are designated for the formalities associated with processi

passenger.

The facilities include:

Airline ticket and passenger check-in.

Baggage check-in.

Gate check-in.Incoming and outgoing customs.

Immigration control.

Security check areas.

Baggage claim.

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Holding Areas

The areas where passengers wait, in some case

with airport visitors, between period occupied by

passing through the various process.

The facilities required:

Passenger Lounges - general, departure and

gate lounges.

Passenger Services Areas - wash rooms,

internet access and public telephone.

Concessions - restaurant, bar and duty-free

shop.

Observation Decks and Visitors Lobbies.

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Airlines and Support

Activities

The facilities must be provided:

Airlines offices - rest and refreshment

areas for pilot and crew.

Airport management offices - security,services.

Governmental office - police, health,

immigration.

Offices and support areas for

maintenance staff.

The design must also cater to the need of airlines,airport and support personal working in the termiarea.

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Services Required at Terminal Build

Check-in

Immigration Duties

Security Checks

Passenger Screening

Baggage Screening

Parking Facilities Public Transportation

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Immigration Duties

Immigration responsible for:

Monitor persons who leave or enter the country,

Checking for appropriate documentation,

Arresting people wanted by international arrest w

Block the entry of dangerous people to the count

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Security Checks

Passenger Screening:

Confirming the identity of travelers, Checking a photo& transports.

Body Screening using Metal Detector Gate

Baggage Screening using X-ray machine

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Passenger Screening

Purpose: to ensure that certain prohibited itemboard commercial airliners.

Every passenger thus is screened by airport s

staff using the latest screening techniques to

any terrorist or criminal activity.

Every piece of luggage is screened for explosthe latest technology and equipment before b

placed on a plane

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Passenger Screening

Metal objects will be

detected and produce alarm

sound.

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Baggage Screening

The X-ray machine:-

Place all carry-on baggage and any items you are

carrying with you on the belt of the X-ray machine.

Laptop computers and video cameras with cassette

must be removed from their carrying cases and pla

in one of the bins provided.

You will also need to remove your coat, jacket, suit

jacket or blazer and place it in one of the bins.

These items go through the X-ray machine.

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Baggage Screening


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Baggage Screening

X-Ray technology: see through the baggage

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Parking Facilities

Public Parking Facility- for airline passe Near terminal building.

Off-Airport Parking- for airline passenge Far away from terminal building, with lower charges.

Separate Parking-for airport employee Far away from terminal area, airport workers using bus go to the

Car Rental Parking-for taxi or airport lim Close to the terminal building. Pick-up / Drop-off

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Public Transportation

Taxis and limousine - Airport taxis or airport limousines are

provided by Airport Limo. The taxis and limousines arereadily available at the Taxi and Limousine counters.

Bus - Both public and private buses connect KLIA toseveral points in Kuala Lumpur and beyond.

Express Train- Kuala Lumpur International Airport can be

reached by the KLIA Express (ERL) and the KLIA Transittrain services.

Aerotrain - Main Terminal Building to Satellite Terminal A.The journey between terminals takes under two minutestrain is able to transport 250passengers one time.

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References

Airport Engineering: Planning, Design, and Development of 21st C

Airport, Norman J. Ashford, Saleh A. Mumayiz, & Paul H. Wright- 4Edition

www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1984/8403/840306.PDF

Airport Planning & Management, Alexander T. Wells, Seth B. Youn

Edition

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Documents

terminaldesign-131031112810-phpapp01.pdf