TerraEx Group Catalog 2019 · 2019. 6. 8. · Intrduction to Basin Modeling/ Pet.System Analysis Applied Basin Modeling Basin Analysis Funda-mentals of Basin ... Facies Simulations

Customized and on-demand Geoscience Training, Coaching and Consulting

TerraEx Group

Catalog 2019

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. About TerraEx Group p. 03

2. Business Model p. 04

3. Services p. 05

4. Subject Matter p. 06

5. Services Concept p. 07

6. Training Options p. 08

1. Modular Training p. 08

• How it works p. 09

• Module Maps p. 10

2. Inhouse Programs p. 10

• Foundation Program p. 13

• Specialty Courses p. 15

• Client Data Training p. 17

• Field workshops p. 18

3. Public Workshops p. 19

7. Coaching p. 20

8. Consulting p. 21

9. Contact p. 22

APPENDIX p. 23

1. Module descriptions p. 24• Structural interpretation p. 25• Tectonic scenarios p. 33• Seismic interpretation p. 41• Sedimentology/stratigraphy p. 43• Basin analysis/petroleum systems p. 49• Seal evaluation p. 55• Petrophysics & log analysis p. 58• Unconventional topics p. 60• Geostatistics/geomodelling p. 70

2. Our Experts p. 75

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Innovative company for high-quality customized Geoscience training, coaching and consulting

About TerraEx Group

Catalina Luneburg, PhDPresident

TerraEx Group is a young and innovative company with a unique and client-driven business model.

We are a group of over 20 subject matter experts providing training, coaching and consulting in conventional and unconventional Geoscience topics.

All our experts have strong academic backgrounds and first-hand experience in the Oil & Gas industry as well as in teaching, consulting and software ventures.

AB

OU

T TerraEx Group

WHAT SETS US APARTis that we collaborate closely as a

team and combine our expertise for the best possible results

Learn more about our experts on page 75

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4

Business ModelB

USIN

ESS MO

DEL

➢ Customized and on-demand services adjusted to client’s specific preferences and challenges

➢ Modular structure allowing to design individualized training and coaching plans

➢ Lean and cost-saving model where you only pay for what you really need – no extra fees or memberships

➢ Outstanding team of industry renown experts sharing their knowledge via training, coaching and consulting

“We let you design and customize services that fit your schedule and challenges”

CLIENTS EXPERTS

The strength and uniqueness of our model lies in the flexibility and customization as well as combination of services while maintaining highest-quality standards.

We connect you with the best experts in the industry to solve your specific challenges

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Geoscience Services

TRAINING

Modular Services

InhousePrograms

Public workshops

COACHING

Client Data Training

Project Coaching

Help-on-the-Go

CONSULTING

Project Consulting

Research studies

INTEGRATED MODEL

Onsite and online training, project coaching and expert consulting in Geoscience conventional and unconventional topics

Our integrated service plans offer onsite and online training as well as coaching on client data, remote support and consulting.

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GEO

SCIEN

CE SER

VICES

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SUB

JECT M

ATTER

Structural Validation

Salt Tectonics

Tectonic Scenarios

Structural Geology

Petrophysics/

Log Analysis

Fracture

Analysis

Basin Analysis

Seismic Interpretation

Play/Fairway Analysis

Seal Evaluation

Geostatistics/

Geomodeling

Clastics and Carbonates

Geochemistry

Depositional Systems

Sequence Stratigraphy

Subsurface

Mapping

Unconventional Reservoirs

Geomechanics

Microseismic

Subject Matter

Salt-dominated Basins - Understand and analyze salt movement and minimize drilling risk

Reservoir Characterization - Evaluate reservoir architecture and seal capabilities

Extensional and Compressional - Validate different tectonic basins and HC systems

Unconventional Reservoirs – Techniques/background to analyze and model Unconventionals

Complex Geology Scenarios - Validate complex geometries with sparse or poor data

Themes and Solutions

Discipline Building Blocks

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In our integrated model, modular services are combined as to best address client’s specific data and challenges.

Services ConceptTR

AIN

ING

CO

NC

EPT

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Service Plan example 1Consulting work followed by online training units and remote support to train client on content and results of project

Design your individual

service plan!

Service Plan example 2Onsite training followed by training on client data and software to apply learned content. Training in preparation of client project with remote coaching by TerraEx Group.

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TRAINING OPTIONS

4.1. Modular Training

4.3. PUBLIC PROGRAMS

❑Workshops

❑ Field Courses

4.2. INHOUSE PROGRAMS

❑ Foundation Program

❑ Specialty Courses

❑ Client Data Training

❑ Field Courses

Inhouse and customized Services

❑ Field❑Online❑Onsite

Online Intro Onsite Training - Mentoring Online Support

Reading

Prep

Onsite Training Modules (4-6)

Mentoring(1-2 days)Online

introduction Help-on-demand

Recommended Course Format for optimal learning efficiency

➢2-hour online intro

➢Discuss goals

➢ Introduce basic concepts and reading list

➢ Combine half-day modules from catalog

➢ Request new modules of your choice

➢Apply learned content to your own data

➢ Discuss your own challenges

➢3 hours of remote support

➢Questions and advice related to training

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3Pre-training Post-training

Mod 1

Mod 2

Mod 3

Mod 4Nug 1

Online Follow-up

Nug 2Client Data

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TRA

ININ

G O

PTION

S

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MODULAR TRAININGM

OD

ULA

R TR

AIN

ING

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How it works

➢ Half-day modules are combined into a course of desired length

➢ Modules can be split and taught online by a live instructor

➢ Modules on new topics or client data are created upon request

You Design it Yourself We Design it for You

➢ Select and combine modules from Catalog

➢ Find appropriate module type and level

➢ Combine modules with onsite nuggets and mentoring and/or support

➢ Tell us about the course topics, length and level

➢ We design a course based on your requests with different options

➢ Discussion and modification of final course

Course Example

Mentoring client data

orExamples W. Africa

Thin-skinned Extension

Introduction to Salt

Tectonics

Allochtho-nous Salt Structures

Examples Literature

Basic Concepts

Onsite TrainingOnline Online

Passive Margin Tectonics

Module

Section Balancing

Pre-training Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Post-training

Rifting to Passive Margins

Deepwater Compressio-nal Systems

Help on-demand

Module

Nug

Nug

Module

Alternatives

Extensional Faults

Interpreting Seismic

Sequence Stratigraph

On-demand Help hrs

1-2 hrs online training

Client Data Mentoring

½ day onsite trainingModule

Nugget

Help on-demand

Mentoring

3-day basic level course

with focus on W. Africa

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9

10

P-wave velocity

anisotropy to identify stress & fracturing

Seismic stratigraphy

of Turbidites

AVO Analysis

Seismic inter-

pretationbasics

Seismic data QC for

land acquisitionsSe

ism

icIn

terp

reta

tion

Seis

mic

Folding and Fault-fold Relation-

ships

Mechanical Stratigraphy

Regional Case

Studies

Applied Rock

Deformation Concepts

Advanced Structural Analysis

Concepts of

Structural Geology

Stru

ctur

al

Geo

logy

Stru

ctur

al V

alid

atio

nM

appi

ng

Stru

ctur

al In

terp

reta

tion

Interp. Validation: Restoration

and Balancing

Cross-section

Balancing techniques

Advanced Restoration Extens. or Compress.

Volume Restoration for Strain Analysis

Teapot Dome, WY – Fractured Reservoir

GOM–Back-

stripping with Salt

Create a good inter-pretationfrom start

Subsurface Mapping

Structural Geometries

in Maps

Map QC Methods

Regional Case

Studies

Map-based HC

volumetrics

Cross-section

Construction

LithoTect Software Overview

LithoTect Modeling

Tools

LithoTect Advanced Modeling:

Extensional

LithoTect Advanced Modeling: Compress.

Kinematic Models and Restoration Algorithms

Basic Modules Advanced Modules Applied Modules

Regional Case

Studies

Structural Styles and HC settings

Hydrocarbon Traps

Tect

onic

Se

tting

sEx

tens

iona

l &

Com

pres

sion

alSa

lt Te

cton

ics

Tect

onic

HC

Sce

nario

s

Thin-skinned

Extensional Tectonics

Structure of Continental

Rifts

Deepwater Compress. Systems

Structures of Intra-

cratonic & Foreland Basins


Tectonics

Salt Properties

& Salt Mechanics

Salt-related Fault

Linkages

Authoch-thonous

Salt Structures

Alloch-thonous

Salt Structures

Tectonics of Passive Margins

Tectonics of Deltaic Margins

Rifting to Passive Margin

Develop-ment

Geometry & Kinematics of Thrust-

Belts

Thrust-belt Architecture & Evolution:

Inversion Tectonics

Strike-slip Tectonics

Basement-involved

Compress.Blockuplift

Rethinking Thrust

Propagation & Thrust Systems

Regional Case

Studies

Salt Restoration

with LithoTect

Salt in Tectonic Settings

MO

DU

ES MA

P Block A

MODULES MAP Block AEach module is a half-day of onsite instruction and can be combined with others into a training course of desired length.

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11

MO

DU

ES MA

P Block B

MODULES MAP Block BEach module is a half-day of onsite instruction and can be combined with others into a training course of desired length.

Bas

in

Ana

lysi

sPl

ay/F

airw

ay

Ana

lysi

sG

eo-

chem

istr

ySe

al E

valu

atio

nPe

tro-

phys

ics

Log

Ana

lysi

sSe

quen

ce

Stra

tigra

phy

Cla

stic

s C

arbo

nate

s

Advanced basin

analysis & Pet. Syst. Analysis

Applications of basin

modeling in unconven-

tionals

Regional Case

Studies

Introduction to

Petroleum Exploration

Introduction to

Petroleum Geology

Intrduction to Basin

Modeling/ Pet.System

Analysis

Applied Basin

Modeling

Bas

in A

naly

sis

Funda-mentals of

Basin Analysis

Quantifying Risk in


Using decision trees to quantify

risk

Using seismic data &

Geostat. to quantify risk

Ranking prospects or plays

Applied organic

geochemist in petroleum exploration

Advanced Geochem. Interpre-

tation

Inorganic Geo

chemical Techniques

Introduction to source

rock evalu-ation organic

geochem

Organic Geo-

chemical Techniques

Seal

Eva

luat

ion Regional

Case Studies

Introduction to Seal: risk and column

height

Trap, seal and HC fill

Fault Rocks & Damage

Zones

Evaluating Fault Seal

Evaluating Top Seal

Seal Evaluation

of geo-pressured prospects

Structural reactivation and seals

Seal evaluation

of Carbonate Prospects

Regional Case

Studies

Petro-physical

Rock Properties

Petro-physical

evaluation of mudrock

Petr

ophy

sics

Basic well log inter-pretation

Advanced Log

Analysis

Fracture Analysis

from dipmeter

logs

Adv. Sequence

Stratigraphy in E&P

Adv. Sequence

Strat. in the Seismic Record


in E&P

Stratigraphy in the

Seismic Record

Sedi

men

tolo

gy/S

trat

igra

phy

Seismic Stratigraphy of Turbidites

Complex Coastal Systems

Carbonate Sedimen-tology and

Stratigraphy

Carbonate Reservoir

Characteri-zation

Tight Carbonates

Carbonate Diagenesis

Siliciclastic Sedimen-tology and

Stratigraphy

Analysis of Fluvial-

Deltaic Outcrops

Fluvial Systems

Deltaic Systems


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11

12

MO

DU

ES MA

P Block C

Geo

stat

istic

s

Geomod.Fundam. 1 Context,Terminology& Essent Stat

Geomod.Fundam. 3 Generaliz. SubsurfaceWorkflows

Geomod. Fundam. 4 Generaliz. SubsurfaceWorkflows

Geomod. Fundam. 2 Estimation/

Kriging Stoch.Simul

Geo

mod

elin

g

Petroleum Geostat. 1Hands-on


Geostat. Intro. 1

Essential statistic and terminology

Geostat. Intro. 3

Geostatis-tical

Simulation

Geostat. Intro. 4Facies

Simulations

Geostat. Intro. 2

Geostatis-tical

Estimation



Geo

mod

elin

g/G

eost

at.

Geo

-ch

emis

try

Roc

k Pr

oper

ties

Frac

ture

sR

ock

mec

hani

c &

M

icro

seis

mic

Mechanical rock

properties determi-nation

Mechanical Fracture and Fault Stability

Insitu Stress Determi-nation

Micro-seismic

Acquisition Methods

Geo-mechanics, Fractures, and Micro-

seismic

Stress Mapping

Fracture modeling & Fractured Reservoir Charact,

Post-mortem wellbore stability analysis

Mud weight pred. for

optimizing wellbore stability

Regional Case

Studies

Regional Case

Studies

Cas

e St

udie

s

The Marcellus

Play

The Eagle Ford Play

The Haynesville

Play

Natural fractures

and fracture

modeling

Fracture prediction

and fracture proxies

Structural core

logging and interpreta-

tion

Analysis of bore hole geological orientation

data

Structural/geo-

mechanical bore hole image int..

Unc

onve

mtio

nalT

opic

s

Sed.

/Str

at

Introduction to shale

gas/oil play analysis

Stratigraphic and depos.

processes in shale basins

Core workshop in

Austin, Houston or

client offices

Reservoir Geo-

chemistry

Inorganic Geo-

chemical Techniques

Organic Geo-

chemical Techniques

Physical Rock

Properties

Basic Well Log Inter-pretation

Petro-physical

Evaluation Mudrocks

Fracture Analysis

from dipmeter

logs



tionals

Tight Carbonates


seismic

Basic Modules Advanced Modules

MODULES MAP Block CEach module is a half-day of onsite instruction and can be combined with others into a training course of desired length.

Advanced Well Log

Inter-pretation

Mudrock sedimen-

tology

Applied Modules

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12

13

“Introduction to Hydrocarbon Exploration”

➢ The three to four training blocks can be taken in the clients own time frame

➢ The course structure is modular and modules can be exchanged

➢ Specific case studies, client data and/or exercises can be integrated

Comprehensive online and onsite training program - for

early career professionals as an overview of the subject matter topics and practical methods

that form the foundation of HC exploration workflows

FOUNDATION TRAININGFO

UN

DATIO

N PR

OG

RA

M

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The Geoscience foundation training program covers key elements of the petroleum system in a sequence of basic level topics, methods

and workflows as represented in the map below.

Foundation

Elements of the HC System

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14

FOUNDATION TRAININGFO

UN

DATIO

N PR

OG

RA

M

TBD Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Tectono-strat, frameworks

Structural Geometries &

trapsDepositional

SystemsBasin

evolution and analysis

Overview exploration workflow



Petroleum Geochemistry

Block 1 - HC Basin Tectono-stratigraphic framework and the HC trap system

Petroleum system

Optional Online Mentoring

Reading


Log Interpretation

Map scenarios

and QC3D

FrameworkPalinspastic Reconstruc-

tions

Log Analysis and Petroph..

PropertiesSubsurface

MappingPlay and risk

MappingCross section

validation

Block 2 - HC Play Play analysis and subsurface maps and models



Seals, pressure and

chargeReservoir Properties

Prospect Risk and

uncertainty

Case study: from basin to

prospect

HC trap formation and

concept

Geophysics and Seismic

attributesGeostatistical Data Analysis

Reserve estimates

Block 3 - HC Prospect Reservoir charge and migration, risk and volumetrics


Play/Fair-way

Analysis

Reading

Prospect Maturation

Reading

Onsite Mentoringclient data

ORadditionalmodules


ORadditionalmodules


ORadditionalmodules


Mudrock sedimentology &stratigraphy

Natural fractures and

fracture modeling

Petrophysical Evaluation of

MudrocksCase study of choice

Introduction to shale gas/oil play analysis

GeomechanicsFractures, and Microseismic

(In)organic Gecochemistry

(combined)

Unconven-tional

Seismics

Block 4 – Unconventionals Mechanical and physical rock properties


Unconventionals

Reading


ORadditionalmodules

Foundation Training Blocks

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14

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Bob Ratliffis a recognized expert for Structural Restorations and Balancing in a variety of tectonic settings. He was one of the founders and developers of the widely-used LithoTect structural analysis software. Bob has lectured worldwide, at various universities and throughout the petroleum industry, on the geometry, kinematics, and interpretation of rock deformation, and has been an instructor for the AAPG Workstation Interpretation of Structural Styles course as well as the Nautilus Seismic Interpretation Field Seminar

SPECIALTY COURSESSPEC

IALTY C

OU

RSES

3 days – Practical Salt Tectonics 3 days – Salt Tectonics of the Gulf of Mexico 3 days – Salt Tectonics of passive margins 2 days – Salt Tectonics of the North Sea 2 days – Salt Tectonics for geophysicists

Salt Tectonics Courses by Mark Rowan

Specialty Courses are in-depth courses focused on one specific topic and taught by one of our renown experts in that subject.

Please contact TerraEx Group for more information and

detailed course descriptions.

Mark Rowanis an industry-renown expert on salt tectonics and has consulted and taught for the petroleum industry worldwide for many years.

His primary research and consulting interests are focused on the styles and kinematics of salt tectonics, the processes of salt-sediment interaction, the architecture and evolution of passive margins, and the applications to petroleum exploration. He is the author or coauthor of over 80 papers and 170 abstracts, is the regular instructor for AAPG’s Salt Tectonics school, and has been an AAPG Distinguished Lecturer and an AAPG International Distinguished Instructor.

Structural Validation Course by Bob Ratliff

3 days – Structural Analysis and Validation ofCompressional Systems Concepts and techniques for validating and balancing structural interpretations in compressional tectonicsettings.

Structural Modeling Course using LithoTectSoftware by Catalina Luneburg

3 days – Structural Modeling with LithoTect SoftwareStructural restoration and balancing techniques using LithoTect SoftwareBasic and advanced courses

Catalina Luneburg is a recognized Structural Geologyexpert in Structural Geology modeling, cross section balancingand 2D/3D time-step restorations3D framework building and fracture prediction analyses. Her previous positions at Landmark/Halliburton, Midland Valley and GeoLogic Systems provided her expertise in geomodelling workflows software applications such as LithoTect and DecisionSpace. Luneburg holds a doctorate in Natural Sciences from ETH Zurich, Switzerland, she has published extensively in her field including several books, and has authored a number of patents

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David Garner is a highly regarded expert in applied geostatistical studies in petroleum and mining. He has published and Presented over 25 papers, many of which were peer-reviewed. Currently,he is an applied geostatistician/geomodeler, trainer and an associate of Geovariance.. Previously he held positions in Halli-burton as a Chief Scientist in R&D, as a Specialist in Statoil’s Heavy Oil Technology Centre-Unconven-tionals R&D, as Senior Advisor Geologic Modeling for Chevron Canada Resources, and Reservoir Characterization Specialist at COP Canada

Alexei Milkovis Full Professor and Director of Potential Gas Agency at Colorado School of Mines and a consultant to oil & gas industry. After receiving PhD from Texas A&M University, Dr. Milkov worked for BP, Sasol and Murphy Oil as geoscientist and senior manager. He explored for conventional and unconventional oil and gas in >30 basins on six continents and participated in the discovery of >4 Billion BOE of petroleum resources. He also worked on several appraisal and production projects. Dr. Milkov has deep expertise in oiland gas geochemistry, petroleum systems modeling, exploration risk analysis, resource assessments and portfolio management.

SPECIA

LTY CO

UR

SES

Petroleum Systems– Risk Assessment Coursesby Alexei Milkov

3 days – Petroleum Fluids and Source Rocks in E&P Projects

3 days – Risks and Volumes Assessment for Conventional and Unconventional Plays andProspects

1 day – Interpretation of Natural Gases

Fractures, Microseismic and Geomechanics Courses by Sherilyn Williams-Stroud

2 days – Getting to Fractures from Microseismic andGeomechanicsStructural analysis related to natural fracturedevelopment, induced and reactivated fracturing from hydraulic fracture stimulation, and impact of stress states

Sherilyn Williams-Stroudher areas of expertise include fracture modeling, structural restoration, reservoir stress/strain analysis, and rock fracture mechanics with applications to oil and gas exploration and production in conventional and unconventional resources. She received her MA and PhD from The Johns Hopkins University and her BA from Oberlin College. Her more than 25 years of experience includes research and technical support in the exploration and production technology departments of major oil companies, as well as providing consulting services to operators world-wide

2-5 days – Core Workshop in Austin, Houston or client’s officesCharacterization of shale oil/gas plays e.g. EagleFord, Haynesville, Bossier, Bakken, Barnett,Wolfcamp and others

Core Workshops by Ursula HammesUrsula Hammesspecializes in the basin to nano-scale characterization of shale-gas/oil systems as well as clastic and carbonate sequence strati-graphy, analyses of depositionalsystems, and carbonate and clastic diagenesisShe has published more than 200 papers, 400 abstracts, and served as AAPG Bulleting Editor, AAPG session chair, GCSSEPM President, and lecturer. Dr. Ursula Hammes obtained her Diploma in Geology from the University of Erlangen in Germany in 1987 and her PhD from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1992. Hammes has worked at the Bureau of Economic Geology and the University of Potsdam, Germany,

Geostatistics/Geomodeling Courses by David Garner

3 days – Fundamentals of Geostatistics2 days – Basics of Geomodeling3 days – Advanced Geomodeling

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CLIENT DATA TRAININGC

LIENT D

ATA TRA

ININ

G

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Training using client

data can be created

per request and with

appropriate lead time.

We come into your

office or evaluate the

data and materials

remotely and discuss

training designs and

options.

We design exclusive training programs around your proprietary data, projects and objectives.

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We integrate your own proprietary data into our

training in various ways:

1. New modules and nuggets can be created per client request using proprietary data and/or regional preferences

2. Client data can be integrated into catalog modules in the form of exercises or examples

3. Mentoring days following onsite training are used to work on client data

4. An entire exclusive training program can be designed with client data

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Field Trip examples:• Death Valley - Extensional Tectonics

• Rio Grande Rift (NM and southern CO)

• Eagle Fort Shale

• Permian Basin – Guadaloupe Mountains

• Imperial Valley, CA. Pull apart basin along the San Andreas fault trace.

• Sawtooth Range, MT. classic thin-skinned belt

• Swiss/Italian Alps Transect –major tectonic units

• Transect through a Variscan fold- and thrust Belt. Sardinia, Italy

• Salt dome tour

• Western Wyoming thrust belt and block uplifts

• Core complex country in western AZ, CA

• Edge of Colorado Plateau in Utah: Paradox Basin, block uplifts

............................. and more

Inhouse field courses

are designed around

specific topics and

regions – tailored to

client’s needs.

FIELD WORKSHOPS

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FIELD W

OR

KSH

OPS

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PUBLIC TRAININGSeries of open-access workshops with focus on different

unconventional and conventional topics.

PUB

LIC W

OR

KSH

OPS

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7 - 9 Oct, 2019 Houston, TX

“Applied Structural Analysis and Validation” by Catalina

Luneburg, PhD 3-day workshop on concepts and techniques to optimize and validate the structural interpretation through the balancing and restoration process (Rifts, Passive Margins, Salt Basins, Fold–and Thrust Belts)

“Fractured, Fracturing, and Fracked Reservoirs” by

Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, PhD 3-day workshop on all aspects of structural analysis related to natural fracture development, induced and reactivated fracturing from hydraulic fracture stimulation, and impact of states of stress on types of fracturing.

6 - 8 May, 2019 Houston, TX

“Structural Modeling with LithoTect Software” by

Catalina Luneburg, PhD2-day workshop on structural balancing and restoration using LithoTect Software with practical examples from sequential restorations to backstripping, and forward modeling in different tectonic HC regimes.


“Practical Petroleum Geochemistry” by Alexei Milkov,

PhD3-day workshop on interpreting fluids and source rock data in E&P exploration projects with practical examples from conventional and unconventional petroleum systems around the world.


“Applied Salt Tectonics” by Mark Rowan, PhD4-day workshop on all aspects of global salt tectonics and applications to exploration and development of hydrocarbons in salt basins; with examples different tectonic settings e.g. rift basins and passive margins

5 - 8 Nov, 2019 Houston, TX

“Trap Integrity; Basic Best Practices Before Drilling” by

John F. Karlo, PhD2-day workshop on best practices and quality assurance of prospect evaluation with specific focus on the integrity of the trap in order to validate and assess trap risk and retained hydrocarbon columns.

“Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy in E&P: Mudrocks, Siliciclastics, Carbonates” by Katie Joe McDonough, PhD3-day workshop on sequence stratigraphic methods and correlation techniques in variety of basin; process sedimentology/resultant facies in coeval depositional systems, stacking patterns, cyclicity and correlation

12 - 13 Nov, 2019 Houston, TX

3 - 5 Dec, 2019 Houston, TX

For details and registration contact us or visit our website

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Coaching and Mentoring

Mentoring days

Onsite support e.g. following a training and applying learned content to client data

Project Coaching

Experts support project onsite or remotely with their expertise and experience and train clients on the project

On-demand help

Remote client support for questions, advice and support on project or other topics – on agreed hours time frame

Project Coaches teach content and mentor on

project-specific topics to improve efficiency

and quality outcome

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CO

AC

HIN

G and M

ENTO

RIN

G

Consulting and Research

Consulting Services examples: • Subsurface interpretation and validation

• Complex geological structural analysis

• Geometrically balanced 2D and 3D models

• Structural restorations and forward models

• Time-step restorations and Backstripping

• Burial history modeling

• Salt-related analysis and restorations

• Analysis of curvature, dip and strain distributions

• Fracture analysis and fracture prediction

• Fault sealing characteristics

• Field Mapping and structural analysis

• Hydrocarbon migration pathways and accumulation zones

• Basin Analysis and Basin Modeling

➢Outsource your projects to a

team of top-quality experts

➢Quick and high-quality

consulting services

➢Wide expertise in regional

studies, workflows and

software modeling workflows

Software Proficiency: DecisionSpace, Petrel, IHS, SMT Kingdom, ArcGIS, Petra, LithoTect, MOVE, Isatis, WellCad, IESX, Jewel Suite. GeoScout. GeoCarta, GeoSmart. Vinland, Geoprobe, Minestis. PetroMod

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CO

NSU

LTING

and RESEA

RC

H

22

We work with YOU

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APPENDIX

1. Module Descriptions

2. Expert Bios

24

MODULE DESCRIPTIONSTable of Content

I. STUCTURAL INTERPRETATION p.251. Structural Geology p.272. Structural Validation p.283. Mapping p.31

II. TECTONIC SCENARIOS p.331. Tectonic Settings p.352. Extensional and Compressional p.353. Salt Tectonics p.38

III. SEISMIC INTERPRETATION p.411. Seismic Interpretation p.41

IV. SEDIMENTOLOGY/STRATIGRAPHY p.431. Sequence Stratigraphy p.452. Clastics p.463. Carbonates p.47

V. BASIN ANALYSIS/PETROLEUM SYSTEMS p.491. Basin Analysis and Petroleum Systems p.512. Geochemistry p.523. Play/Fairway Analysis p.54

VI. SEAL EVALUATION p.551. Sealing Concepts p.55

VII. PETROPHYSICS & LOG ANALYSIS p.581. Petrophysics p.582. Log Analysis p.59

VIII. UNCONVENTIONAL TOPICS p.601. Rock Mechanics & Microseismic p.632. Fractures p.663. Sedimentology/Stratigraphy p.674. Geochemistry p.685. Petrophysics p.696. Case Studies p.70

IX. GEOSTATISTICS/GEOMODELING p.711. Geomodeling p.722. Geostatistics p.73

MO

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1. STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION

High-quality seismic interpretations, maps and frameworks are the basis for all other HC workflows and estimates. The following modules provide background, techniques and

examples for analyzing and modeling geologic structures.

INHOUSE TRAININGModular Training Client Data TrainingFoundation ProgramSpecialty CoursesField Trips

PUBLIC TRAININGPublic Workshops

COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICES

EXPERTSCatalina LuneburgBob RatliffJames W. GranathSherilyn Williams StroudJohn KarloSteven Boyer...and others

Specialty Courses

“Structural Analysis and Validation of Compressional

Systems (3 days)” by Bob Ratliff

“Structural Modeling with LithoTect Software (3days)”

by Catalina Luneburg

Structural AnalysisRestoration and Balancing MethodsKinematic AnalysisRock DeformationSubsurface MappingLithoTect Software

TOPICS

7-9 Oct, 2019 Houston, TX” Applied Structural Analysis and Validation”

Catalina Luneburg PhD

Two workshops on structural interpretation and validation techniques. Basic concepts and applications are covered in the first course while the second course introduces structural modeling with LithoTect Software.

10-11 Oct, 2019 Houston, TX“Structural Modeling with LithoTect Software”

UPCOMING WORKSHOPS

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26

COURSE EXAMPLE: “Cross section Balancing in the

Gulf of Mexico”3-day advanced level course with

focus on Gulf of Mexico

MODULAR TRAININGMODULES MAP

COURSE BUILDING BLOCKS

Folding and Fault-fold Relation-

ships


Regional Case

Studies

Applied Rock

Deformation Concepts


Concepts of

Structural Geology

Stru

ctur

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Geo

logy

Stru

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alid

atio

nM

appi

ng

Interp. Validation: Restoration

and Balancing

Cross-section

Balancing techniques

Advanced Restoration Extens. or Compress.


Teapot Dome, WY – Fractured Reservoir

GOM–Back-

stripping with Salt

Create a good inter-pretationfrom start

Subsurface Mapping

Structural Geometries

in Maps

Map QC Methods

Regional Case

Studies

Map-based HC

volumetrics

Cross-section

Construction


LithoTect Modeling

Tools

LithoTect Advanced Modeling:

Extensional

LithoTect Advanced Modeling: Compress.



Stru

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“Combine ½ day modules to a course of your preferred topics, format, length and competency level”

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COURSE SUGGESTIONS“Structural Geology in Oil & Gas exploration”

“Structural analysis in different tectonic settings”

“Concepts of Structural Geology and Rock Deformation”

“Validating the structural interpretation”

“Structural Restorations and cross section balancing techniques”

“Subsurface Mapping and QC methods”

“Creating maps in structurally complex areas”

“Creating the Tectono-Stratigraphic Framework and 3D model”

“Introduction to LithoTect Structural Modeling Software”

“Advanced Structural Restoration with LithoTect Software”

“Gulf of Mexico Structural Analysis case study”26

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N: 1. Structural G

eologyConcepts of Structural

GeologyBasic Module StG_BM_1.1

Applied Rock Deformation Concepts

Basic Module StG_BM_1.2

• Strain theory• Stress theory• Deformation mechanisms• Rheology• Mechanical stratigraphy• Folds mechanics and geometries• Fault mechanics and geometries• Fractures

This module covers basic concepts of Structural Geology as they apply to HC workflows, from rock deformation and stress/strain theory to resulting structures such as folds, faults, foliations and lineations. The overview style of this module serves as a refresher of Structural Geology or as a quick basis for workflows requiring Structural Geology. Topics discuss concepts of deformation including stress/strain theory and rheology and then move to the resulting geometries and how they are interpreted in terms of their boundary conditions.

This module serves as Foundation for further Structural Geology Modules or as a quick refresher for the Structural Geology main concepts.

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Jim Granath, Bob Ratliff, Steven Boyer, TBD

Faults and fractures form when rocks respond as brittle materials in response to differential stress. Their influence on production can be negligible or crucial, and understanding their influence in reservoirs is important for optimum production. This module covers basic concepts of earth stress that lead to faulting and fracturing in sedimentary rocks. The module is a basic introduction to brittle deformation in the geologic environment and how fractures in the reservoir impact production, how they respond to stress perturbations, during production, and how they are impacted by drilling and hydraulic stimulation.

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Jim Granath

• Fault and fracture nomenclature• Andersonian faulting• Fractures formed in tension• Compressional fractures• Joint formation• Relationship of fractures to structure• Strain accommodation by fractures• Wellbore stability in deformed and fractured rocks• Hydraulic fracture stimulation and natural fracture interaction

View down the wellbore, with two fracture sets, and fracture/stress interaction.

SHmax

Shmin

Examples from Gulf Coast Basin and Appalachian Basin.Focus is on interaction between rocks. fractures and applied stress, natural or induced

HC exploration and development relies on a sound understanding of the structural model and evolution of the area of interest. As more structurally complex areas are explored, the ability to analyze these methodically and confidently is critical. The advanced Structural Analysis module builds on the basic structural concepts module and focusses more on the 2D and 3D interpretation of complex structural geometries and their quantitative analysis. How can we unravel the deformation history of superposed fault and fold patterns from multiple deformation phases e.g. successive episodes of folding and thrusting on an extensional area of rifting? How do we combine the information and the scales from geologic maps and sections, seismic profiles, wells and outcrop data.

• What is Mechanical Stratigraphy?• Mechanical rock properties• Rock properties over time• Fracture stratigraphy and its relationship to mechanical stratigraphy• Relationship between fracture spacing and bed thickness• Examples of fracture stratigraphy and mechanical stratigraphy

Mechanical stratigraphy subdivides stratified rock into discrete mechanical units defined by properties such as tensile strength, elastic stiffness, brittleness, and fracture mechanics properties. These mechanical subdivisions control deformation and influence folding, failure mode, fault geometry, and displacement gradients. Examples of mechanical stratigraphy include layer-bounded faults that do not extend into the layers above and below. The modules also discusses fracture stratigraphy, which subdivides rock into fracture units according to extent, intensity, or some other observed fracture attribute. Fracture stratigraphy reflects a specific loading history and mechanical stratigraphy during failure.


Advanced Module StG_AM_1.3

Advanced Module StG_AM_1.4

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Jim Granath, TBD

Griggs and Handin, 1960



• Structural analysis techniques from stereonet to strain analysis to section balancing• Influence of pre-existing structure and structural reactivations• Superposed folding and faulting• Challenges of 3D structural analysis• The structural analysis workflow guide

We will try integrate regional examples of your choice.

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Experts: Jim Granath, Catalina Luneburg, Bob Ratliff, TBD

Recognizing and treating folds and faults in seismic data is a familiar issue to interpreters, and getting them correctly is crucial to the exploration and exploitation process. Placing faults in their right place is commonly not an easy task, and many a well has been lost and many a prognosis has been busted because steep dips or unexpected faults were encountered during drilling. The time-honored practice of placing faults at reflection terminations is surprisingly pitfall-prone in even the most simple seeming seismic lines. This module explores the properties of folds in seismic lines and their relationships to faults on a kinematic basis. It compares compressive to extensional systems, and illustrates the principles with case studies. It uses demonstrative videos and exercises along with conventional presentations

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N: 1. Structural G

eologyFolding and Fault-fold

RelationshipsAdvanced Module StG_AM_1.5

Create a good Interpretation from the start

Basic Module StV_BM_2.1

• Stress during normal faulting and tectonic conditions conducive to normal faulting

• Progressive deformation: the evolution of brittle to ductile to brittle deformation

• Nucleation and progagation of faults and the consequences to surrounding rock

• Folding style: stratigraphy and its control over style

• Folding style: buckle folds, fault-controlled geometries, fold-accommodating faults

• Variety of fold-fault relationships • Use of restoration as an interpretation-

validation technique• “SCAT” (Statistical Curvture Analysis

Techniques)• Case study: the Sande anticline in

Papua Province, Indonesia—a well gone wrong


This modules combines seismic interpretation and structural validation techniques in order to create a balanced interpretation from the start. The impact of seismic velocity models and processing on the structural interpretation is discussed and the seismic expression of main structural features is studied in different examples. Methods are demonstrated that validate the seismic interpretation of faults and folds by predicting a valid fault trace and hangingwall shape using manual and digital tools.

• Geological controls on the propagation, reflection, and refraction of seismic waves• Data acquisition and processing and impact on interpretation• Seismic velocity models• Recognizing stratigraphic and structural features in seismic section• Seismic interpretation of different structural styles• Interpretation validation techniques• Method of fault prediction and depth to detachment• Forward modeling techniques to model shape of hanging wall• Examples of balancing while interpreting

28

Creating structurally viable 2D and 3D interpretations is critical for high-quality and high-confidence geological models. This module introduces restoration and balancing techniques to reduce uncertainties from poor seismic imaging, limited outcrop control or difficult well correlations. Restoration styles and a variety of different restoration scenarios are presented with examples and exercises.

Interpretation Validation: Restoration & Balancing


Cross-section Balancing Techniques


Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Bob Ratliff, Jim Granath, TBD

• Validation concepts: admissibility, accuracy,restoration and balancing

• Kinematic models of restoration and balancing• The restoration process and restoration rules• Line-length and area balancing and the concept of a pin line• Single-step and time-step restorations, Independent and contiguous restoration,

Backstripping and forward modeling• Restoration scenarios: Planar, listric, Ramp flat, Fault-related folds: fault bend, fault

propagation, trishear, Extensional and compressional, thrust sequences, Salt-related deformation, Fractures and strain

• Kinematic models of balancing• Pin lines and loose lines, what they are and how to use them• Assumptions of plane strain, bed thickness and – bed length conservation and

other assumptions• Cross-section construction: transport direction, line of section, folds and faults• Sequence of deformation• Restoration of a ramp, a duplex• In-sequence thrusting, Forward-ramping faults, Kink-style folds

This module is an introductory and overview module for restoration and balancing techniques


Cross-section balancing has traditionally been a method to validate geologic interpretations, reduce the uncertainties and create evolutionary time steps. This module introduces all principles and techniques, manual and digital, necessary to balance cross sections. Topics include manually constructing a cross-section, using kinematic models and assumptions to create a balanced section. Applications focus on balancing sections through Fold- and Thrust Belts such as the Covenant Field, Central Utah Thrustbelt,,

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Advanced Module StV_AM_2.4

Advanced Restoration –Extensional/Compressional


• Rigid block restoration: rigid and internally deformed models of full graben and half graben

• Domino-style deformation, rotated block calculations and half grabens• Simple shear restoration: vertical and oblique shear• Strain and shear angle calculations in hangingwall rollover structures• Flexural slip restoration• Area balancing, area/depth relationships, concepts of displacement and lost area,

effects of growth stratigraphy• Fault prediction/depth to detachment, hangingwall shape prediction• Trishear and drape folds• Examples and exercises: Rhine Graben, Golf of Suez, Teapot Dome WY, Vicksburg etc

Restoration and balancing techniques use kinematic models to restore geometries in accordance with geologic concepts. This module goes into more depth of restoration methods and explores the differences and properties of kinematic models. In this context, also fault prediction and depth to detachment as well as strain and shear angle calculations are discussed.


29

Groshong, 1990

This module focusses on advanced restoration concepts and techniques of either extensional or compressional structures using different regional examples. More advanced techniques and more complex examples are used than in the basic module. Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Jim Granath,

Bob Ratliff

As available we use examples of regions of your choice and/or your own data and projects with appropriate preparation time

• Review of extensional or compressional structures• Kinematic models of restoration and balancing appropriate for extension or

compression• Extensional scenarios: backstripping, decompaction and isostacy, Salt-related

deformation• Compressional scenarios: Planar, listric, Ramp flat, Fault-related folds: fault bend,

fault propagation, trishear,



Teapot Dome, WY –Fractured Reservoir

Case Study Module StV_CM_2.7

• Plane strain versus 3D strain• Kinematic restoration• Why plane strain is insufficient to characterize fractures• Mode I and mode II fracture orientations from strain tensor• Proxies for strain intensity• Geomechanical restoration• Kinematic versus geomechanical restoration methods

(pros and cons)• Scenario testing

Bodies of rock are deformed in the geological environment in response to a 3 dimensional state of stress. While 2D restoration can model and validate critical geometrical constraints, if a rock body has undergone strain leading to fracture development, volume restoration in 3 dimensions is required in order to capture the range of fracture orientations that could have formed to accommodate strain in the rock. The purpose of this module is to demonstrate volume restoration and validation followed by forward modeling to capture modeled volume strains, and then convert those strains to properties that can be used to define and constrain fracture sets.

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, TBD

• Examples from Arabian Gulf, Appalachian Basin

• Comparisons of kinematic/restoration and geomechanical restoration results

Volume Dilatation (absolute value)

Teapot Dome, WY is a well studied oil field of fractured reservoir type with an extensive data set. The structure is an asymmetric, doubly plunging, basement-cored anticline, associated with a large NS trending fault. Key sections through the structure have been balanced and forward modeled using trishear deformation. Dip, curvature and strain have been calculated for different steps of the model to illustrated their evolution over time. These attributes can be used as fracture proxies and compared to observed fracture patterns and well productivity.

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Bob Ratliff

• Structural Analysis of Teapot Dome anticline and faults• Fracture patterns around Teapot Dome• Trishear forward modeling of the Teapot Dome anticline and major fault• Dip and curvature distributions across key sections• Calculating strain from forward models• Strain distributions across Teapot Dome anticline• Using strain as a fracture proxy and to predict fractures

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Gulf of Mexico –Backstripping with Salt

Case Study Module StV_CM_2.8


Software Module StV_SM_2.9

• Gulf of Mexico structural history • Review of extensional geometries and allochthonous salt structures• Structural Analysis of salt bodies of GOM Mississippi Canyon seismic

section• Kinematic models for salt restoration • Sequential restoration and backstripping with decompaction and isostatic

adjustment• Restoration of salt-withdrawal minibasins with complex history

This case study illustrates the restoration of a salt-dominated extensional section in the Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico. The section is restored and discussed in the context of the structural development of the Gulf of Mexico. Restoration and modelling techniques for backstripping with salt bodies are demonstrated with the appropriate kinematic models and decompaction and isostacticadjustments. The unique properties of salt present challenges to section balancing that are illustrated with different salt-related geometries.

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Bob Ratliff,Jim Granath

30

Experts: Catalina Luneburg Bob Ratliff

LithoTect Software is a structural restoration and balancing software package.

This module trains participants on learning the main functionality of the software focusing on introductory tools such as creating a project, a geologic column, importing data, and applying seismic interpretation tools as well as time/depth conversion. Different types of data are imported such as DEMs and images, 2D and 3D seismic data, well data (vertical and deviated wells, well logs, dip meter) etc. Sections are constructed with well and dip projections and basic interpretation tools.

• Introduction to LithoTect user interface and menus

• Overview of main LithoTect functionality• How to create a project and data base• The geologic column• Importing data: DEMs, images, seimic,

well data• Exporting data and interpretations• Data extraction and projection• Time/depth conversion• Section construction• Seismic interpretation tools

First Introductory LithoTect Software Training Module:Projects, Data and Interpretation

Depending on scope and participant experience this topic could extend over two modules


The second introductory module for LithoTect Software trains participants on the restoration and modeling tools. Restoration tools are based on kinematic models such as flexural slip, vertical/oblique shear, slip line or area balancing. Transform operations undeform individual fault blocks using independent or contiguous section restoration whereas fault slip restoration interactively allows to move the hangingwall to restore the fault. Fault prediction and forward modeling techniques are discussed as well as geometry fields which allow to visualize dip, curvature and strain distributions.

LithoTect Modeling ToolsSoftware Module StV_SM_2.10

LithoTect Advanced Modeling: Compressional

Software Module StV_SM_2.11

Second Introductory LithoTect SoftwareTrainingModule: Restoration and Modeling Tools

• LithoTect kinematic models• Fault slip modeling• Transform restoration: vertical/oblique

shear and flexural slip• Fault Prediction tool• Forward Modeling techniques• Geometry Fields: dip, curvature, strain• Restoration methods: independent and

contiguous restoration

Advanced modeling techniques are used in real-world scenarios. This module focusses on advanced methodology of restorations in compressional settings.

The restoration examples focus on foreland fold- and thrust belts where detachment levels, sequence of thrusting and the deformation history are analyzed and then modeled using restoration techniques such as interactive modeling (between deformed and undeformedstate) and in particular fault-related folding styles such as fault bend faults, fault propagation faults and trishear.

• Kinematic models in compressional settings• Compressional restoration tools and methods• Single-step and sequential restorations• Interactive modeling, restoring and forward modeling at the same time• Thrust belt examples


Bosol et al. 2005

Depending on scope and participant experience this topic could extend over two modules

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N: M

appingLithoTect Advanced Modeling:

ExtensionalSoftware Module StV_SM_2.12

Basic Module Map_BM_3.1 Cross-section Construction


Advanced modeling techniques are used in real-world scenarios. This module focusses on advanced methodology of restorations in extensional settings.

Examples of extensional structures in rift settings are used to illustrate backstrippingworkflows and the significance of timing decompaction/isostatc adjustment and restoration. Kinematic models such as vertical/oblique shear and flexural slip as well as rigid block models are used in restoration and forward modeling workflows.

• Extensional restoration tools and methods• Kinematic models in extensional settings• Extensional restoration tools and methods• Single-step, sequential, backstripping workflows• Decompaction, isotatic adjustment (airy, flexural), subsidence adjustment

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Jim Granath

Cross-sections are key to understanding the 3D structure of a geologic area.

This module teaches how to create a cross section from map and other data, starting with choosing an appropriate line of section, then constructing lines and contacts manually from dip domains and other data, and projecting data onto the section.

• Cross section construction• Line of section, vertical and horizontal exaggeration• Construct topography• True and apparent dip, true and apparent thickness• Manual construction, dip interpolation, dip domain mapping• Arc, kink and other methods, dip domains• Data projection, data interpolation• Dip sequence analysis (SCAT)• Balancing Criteria

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Ramsay and Huber, 1987

Rowan and Ratliff, 2012

• Structural Geometries in maps • Recognize and analyze fold geometries by morphology, dip domains, and

orientation data• Recognize and analyze fault geometries as discontinuities, growth faults, linked

faults• Identify salt geometries of authochthonous and allochthonous salt• Predict and analyze fluid contacts by subsurface pressure, Allan maps and fault

seal techniques

Experts: Catalina Luneburg. Jim Granath, TBD

Valid and accurate maps of the subsurface are most critical in petroleum exploration and production whether for the construction of a 3D framework model and definition of the trap architecture or for drilling wells, calculating HC reserves, and characterizing and modeling reservoirs.

This module introduces concepts and techniques for creating different types of maps from 2D/3D seismic and well data. Structure maps and contouring techniques as well as isopach and attribute maps are illustrated with hands-on exercises of various tectonic scenarios. 3D seismic (attributes) and well (log) data are interpreted and interpolated based on valid geological assumptions and considering the variation in scale.

Subsurface Mapping Techniques

Basic Module Map_BM_3.2

Geologic Structures in MapsBasic Module Map_BM_3.3

• Create structure maps using different contouring styles and techniques for well and seismic data (manual, computer)

• Create thickness maps and measure thicknesses: isopach and isochore maps of planar and folded beds

• Input data: 3D seismic, well data, log correlations, well tie workflows

Experts: Catalina Luneburg. Jim Granath, TBD

This module builds on the Subsurface Mapping Techniques and focusses on examples and exercises from different geological scenarios.How are faults and linked faults expressed on maps, how do we recognize folded structures and salt-related geometries. Dip domains and orientation data are used with other predictive tools to analyze map structures.

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Experts: Jim Granath, Catalina Luneburg

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appingMap QC Methods Basic Module Map_BM_3.4

Map-based VolumetricsAdvanced Module Map_AM_3.5

• Quality Control and validation• Apply geometric and geological compatibility concepts• Validate structural geometries• Analyze seismic attributes and QC tools• Learn about pitfalls and challenges with hands-on examples• Examples include: fault intersections, fault terminations, salt-overhangs, contouring artefacts etc.

Quality of all different types of maps is essential for related HC workflows. This module revises techniques of quality control and geologic validation from the input data to the map construction methods to the interpretation of geologic structures. Exercises and examples are used to illustrate pitfalls and challenging scenarios.

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Estimating HC reserves accurately is critical for decisions production of a field. Volumetric calculations include gross rock volume (GRV) factors such as net-to-gross ratio, porosity, water saturation and formation volume factor. Original oil in place (OOIP) and original gas in place (OGIP) refer to the total volume of hydrocarbon stored in a reservoir prior to production. Reserves or recoverable reserves are the volume of hydrocarbons that can be profitably extracted from a reservoir using existing technology.


• HC reserve estimates• 2D and 3D methods of HC volumetric estimates and uncertainty • Calculating GRV, OOIP, STOOIP and RHCR• Depth conversion and other uncertainties• Deterministic vs stochastic calculations

Hagoort, 1988

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II. TECTO

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HC

SCEN

AR

IOS



COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICES

” Applied Salt Tectonics”

Mark Rowan, PhD

4-day workshop on all aspects of global salt tectonics and applications to exploration and development of hydrocarbons in salt basins; with examples different tectonic settings e.g. rift basins and passive margins

EXPERTSJames W. GranathCatalina LuneburgBob RatliffJohn KarloSteven Boyer...and others

Specialty Courses

“Rifting to Passive Margins” by James Granath

Various Salt Tectonics courses by Mark Rowan

II. TECTONIC SCENARIOS

The section on “Tectonic Scenarios” presents modules on different styles of HC settings worldwide, from extensional and salt-dominated basins or compressional fold-and thrust belts,

to strike-slip and inversion tectonics.

Structural styles in HCsExtensional settingsCompressional settingsInversion tectonicsStrike-slip TtectonicsSalt Tectonics

TOPICS

UPCOMING WORKSHOP

5-8 Nov, 2019 Houston, TX

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II. TECTO

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HC

SCEN

AR

IOS

COURSE EXAMPLE: “Passive margin Tectonics”4-day basic level course with

focus on W. Africa


Regional Case

Studies

Structural Styles and HC settings

Hydrocarbon Traps

Tect

onic

Se

tting

sEx

tens

iona

l &

Com

pres

sion

alSa

lt Te

cton

ics

Tect

onic

HC

Sce

nario

s

Thin-skinned

Extensional Tectonics

Structure of Continental

Rifts

Deepwater Compress. Systems

Structures of Intra-

cratonic & Foreland Basins


Tectonics

Salt Properties

& Salt Mechanics

Salt-related Fault

Linkages

Authoch-thonous

Salt Structures

Alloch-thonous

Salt Structures

Tectonics of Passive Margins

Tectonics of Deltaic Margins


Develop-ment

Geometry & Kinematics of Thrust-

Belts

Thrust-belt Architecture & Evolution:

Inversion Tectonics

Strike-slip Tectonics

Basement-involved

Compress.Blockuplift

Rethinking Thrust

Propagation & Thrust Systems

Regional Case

Studies

Salt Restoration

with LithoTect

Salt in Tectonic Settings




COURSE SUGGESTIONS“Structural styles and HC settings”

“Continental Rifting”

“Passive margins”

“Tectonics of deltaic systems”

“Inversion Tectonics”

“Evolution of thrust belts”

“Deepwater Fold-and Thrust Belts”

“HCs in Fold-and thrust Belts”

“Analysis of compressional(or extensional) structural traps”

“Introduction to Salt Tectonics”

“Autochthonous and allochthonous salt structures”

“Salt tectonics in the Gulf of Mexico” 34

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Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Jim Granath, Bob Ratliff, Steven Boyer

Quality and confidence of seismic interpretation and trap architecture improves significantly with analysis of structural style and related geometrical features. This module focusses on the expression of structures in modern seismic and the geometric assemblages related to different tectonic scenarios. More than on the mechanical concepts and driving forces emphasis is on the resulting structural features and structural HC traps. The following tectonic and HC scenarios are studied: This module is an overview of extensional and compressional examples.

II. TECTO

NIC

HC

SCEN

AR

IOS: 1. Tectonic Settings

Structural Styles and HC Settings

Basic Module Tec_BM_1.1

Hydrocarbon TrapsBasic Module Tec_BM_1.2

• HC traps in different tectonic scenarios worldwide• Components of a trap• Primary and secondary traps• Structural traps: roll-over anticlines, tilted blocks. Fault traps, diapiric traps,

gravitation and compactional structures• Factors controlling porosity and permeability: deformation mechanisms, fault

conduits, fault porosity• Faults and fluid migration, sealing vs non-sealing• Fractured reservoirs

This module discusses structural traps in various tectonic settings such as hanging wall rollover structures, tilted blocks, fault traps etc as well as the critical trap components and factors controlling porosity, permeability etc.

.

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Jim Granath, Bob Ratliff, Steven Boyer

• Thin-skinned and thick-skinned extension• Extensional fault geometries, linkages, ramps etc, Growth fault structures and

growth stratigraphy• Compressional tectonics• Salt tectonics with authochthonous and allochthonous structures, salt sheets,

canopies, mini-basins, rafts etc• Strike-slip tectonics• Inversion tectonics

http://petroleumgeophysics.com/images/

The familiar ‘growth fault’ is the epitome of thin-skinned extension: a listric normal fault creates accommodation space for sedimentation in its hanging wall in a passive margin setting. The geometrically necessary roll over creates an ideal hydrocarbon trap. Often coupled with salt tectonics, this is the fundamental structural element of passive continental margins where subsidence and especially strong sedimentation sets up many of the world-class hydrocarbon provinces in the marine environment. It is the characteristic structural style of deltas, for example. But this style is not limited to such tectonic settings. It is often the near-surface structure of volcanic and block uplift mountain belts, of oceanic islands, and fold and thrust belts. This module examines the fundamental dynamics of extensional detachment within sedimentary sections, the controls exerted by stratigraphic architecture, and the role of fluids in the evolution of the systems.

Thin-skinned Extensional Tectonics


Structure of Continental RiftsBasic Module Tec_BM_2.2

• Environments prone to thin-skinned extension: from deltas and passive margins to volcanic provinces, oceanic islands, and massive slope failure in mountain chains

• Mechanical stratigraphy and its role in detachment tectonics• Fluids and the role of effective normal stress in controlling listric faulting • Fundamental geometric elements of thin-skinned faulting and syntectonic

sedimentation• Review of salt tectonics and the Interdependence of salt and thin-skinned

extension • Trapping styles in thin-skinned environments• Restoration algorithms and schemes for extensional tectonics• Interpretation exercises, cross section and restoration techniques• Virtual field trip to see effects of growth faulting on urban life in Houston, TX

Experts: Jim Granath, John Karlo, Catalina Luneburg

• Stress during normal faulting and tectonic conditions conducive to normal faulting• Anatomy of normal faults and normal fault systems• Kinematic development of normal faults and their linkages• Graben, half graben, and domino structural styles and their interrelationships across scales• Implications of fault linkage to sedimentation, topography, and petroleum systems• Relationship of rifting to thermal history and to magmatism and volcanism• Typical traps in 2- and 3-D, typical evolution of a petroleum province’s exploration history• Case studies: North Sea, SE Asia, Gulf of Suez, East Africa, Rio Grande, Grand Teton • Interpretation exercises, cross section and mapping techniques, restoration approaches

Continental extensional terranes or “rifts” are some of the most hydrocarbon productive provinces in the world. For example, Paul Mann and his coauthors of a paper in the Giant Oil and Gas Fields AAPG Memoir for the 1990’s found that 66% of giant oil and gas fields occur in passive margins or continental rifts. This module covers the basics of extensional deformation, i.e. normal faulting, and the character of the rift structural style in modest amounts of extension. High degrees of extension and the evolution into continental extensional margins form a separate module entitled “Rifting to passive margin development.”


2. Com

pressional & Extensional

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Experts: John Karlo, Jim Granath

II. TECTO

NIC

HC

SCEN

AR

IOS: 2. C

ompressional &

ExtensionalTectonics of Passive

MarginsBasic Module Tec_BM_2.3


Advanced Module Tec_AM_2.4

Understanding a play or prospect should begin from the bottoms up. For offshore exploration this often means understanding the evolution of the continental margin and where in that evolutionary scheme one’s exploration focus is located. This module takes a very a very pragmatic data driven approach to identifying the various domains of passive margins and relating those domains to fundamental geologic factors that impact exploration.


• A quick review of basics of extensional fault formationand linkage, if not covered in a preceding module

• Overprinting of fault systems and the process of hyperextension• The history of thinking on the evolution of passive margins (McKenzie and Wernicke models

and the origin of Basin Modeling) and the problems involved in these early approaches• Volcanic and non-volcanic margins: their basic architecture

Basement-involved extension in the extreme forms the basis for the structural style of divergent plate margins, either entirely within the oceanic realm or in the cases where continental crust is involved as the stretched underpinning of continental passive margins. Much of the offshore industry is targeted at petroleum systems that are founded in such extended crust with a similarly extended overlying sedimentary prism and commonly another, separate overlying thin-skinned structural system. This situation is the subject of perhaps the most active research in structural styles at the present time. This module explores how the basement-involved extension evolves from simpler continental rifting to a fully tapered continental margin, essentially the transition of a continental margin from rift to drift

• Mantle Exhumation Model• The Iberia – Newfoundland Transect• Exposures of the Tethyan Margin in the Alps

• Expressions of the Exhumation Model in other basins• South Atlantic• Gulf of Mexico

• Passive Margin Stratigraphy• Proximal Domain Rift Basins• The South Atlantic Subsalt Play

• Passive Margins and Salt Tectonics• Magma Rich Margins

• Uruguay-Namibia• Baltimore Canyon

• Transform Margins• East Africa• West Africa

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• Continental lithospheric architecture and current thinking on how it extends

• Petroleum systems of continental margins

• Some onshore analogs: Basin and Range of North America, SE Turkey

• Case examples: Gulf of Mexico, West Africa, Brazil

• Interpretation exercises

Tectonics of Deltaic MarginsAdvanced Module Tec_AM_2.6

• Stress during normal faulting and tectonic conditions conducive to normal faulting

• The characteristics and dynamic controls on thin-skinned extensional systems (aka ‘growth faults’) and their down-dip compressional counterparts (aka ‘toe thrust systems)

• Elements of the system in 3D: geometrical examples and relationship to deposition (‘growth’)

• Settings and occurrences of toe thrust systems: comparison of orogenic thrust belts and extensionally-linked systems

• Kinematics and dynamics: gravity spreading v gravity gliding

• involvement of salt in the down-dip passive margin system

• Case histories and hydrocarbon trapping• Interpretation and analysis exercises

This module is an advanced treatment of the thin-skinned extensional module to cover the structural geology of passive margin compressive environments, aka the ‘toe thrust systems’ developed at the base of slope in continental margins. It emphasizes those at the expense of the academically important accretionary prism systems for the simple reason that the latter are usually devoid of hydrocarbon potential. The one exception to that is the north coast of Borneo where deltaic input into the accretionary prism environment sets up a unique situation on the southern margin of the South China Sea. The geometry as expressed in seismic data and the kinematic reasons for toe thrust geometry are specifically considered. We examine primarily GOM, Brazilian, Malaysian, and West African examples


The sediment load of major rivers causes its own gravity driven tectonics with up dip extensional and downdip contractional domains. This module takes the approach of examining the Niger Delta Basin as a type section of a deltaic margin but then compares and contrasts it with the Gulf of Mexico where the involvement of salt adds to the structural complexity.

Experts: John Karlo, Jim Granath

Paired extension and contractionNiger Delta• Extensional depobelts

structure and stratigraphy• Listric faulting• Minibasin Province and the

shale diapir myth• Toe thrust structure and

stratigraphGulf of Mexico• Breakdown of structural

provinces• Texas shelf detachment

tectonics• Salt involved tectonics of the

Louisiana shelf• Deepwater salt tectonics

Deepwater Compressional Systems


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II. TECTO

NIC

HC

SCEN

AR

IOS: 2. C

ompressional &

ExtensionalDeepwater Compressional

SystemsBasic Module Tec_BM_2.7 Structure of intra-cratonic &

foreland basinsBasic

• The architecture of continental lithosphere; isostacy and flexural of continental blocks• Typical basins such as the Michigan, Bakken, Appalachian, North Slope, etc. • Long-distance migration and its role in intracratonic h/c systems• Trap types intrinsic to low-dip environments: arches, domes, stratigraphic traps (e.g. tar sands)• Incidental traps related to karst, salt dissolution, weathered basement, etc. • Elements of unconventional plays: examples from North America• Exercises in interpretation and recognition of subtle structural plays

Long before they were the habitat for unconventional plays (e.g. the Permian, Barnett, Bakken, and Marcellus plays), intracratonic and foreland basins were the bread and butter of onshore oil and gas exploration. This module draws from examples in the North American midcontinent, North Slope of Alaska, and much of North Africa, but can be applied to interior of any continent. Major oil fields have long been productive in these environments, such as Prudhoe Bay or the field of the Anadarko Basin, from structures that are intrinsically related to the arches and domes typical of these low-dip environments as well as stratigraphic and combination traps.


The largest complex of oil fields in the world occurs in association with foreland deformation within the Arabian plate: the Ghawar fields lie within the Arabian craton where steep basement-involved faults have been repeatedly reactivated by flexure of the Arabian crust. Elsewhere world-class petroleum provinces are developed in similar regions peripheral to orogenic belts, such as the North American Laramide. Although other major mountain belts fall in this category, such as the Caucasus or the Moroccan Atlas, this structural style is more widely distributed than is commonly realized, and plays a major role in intraplate deformation along with other allied structural patterns, even when it does not form spectacular mountain belts. The petroleum forming traps occur in folded sediments above basement blocks, so that the two keys to exploration here are understanding the shape, distribution, and motion of the basement blocks, being able to predict the effects on the cover sediments


• Rheological architecture of the continental crust;

• Importance of fault shape and steepness in defining block-uplift geometries.

• Basement deformation: rigid block v dispersed intra-basement slip

• Deformation of the cover sequence along block edges at a variety of scales

• Linkage to other structural styles: strike-slip, thrust, and normal faults in 3-dimensional blocks

• Intra-plate block fields; Hydrocarbon occurrences and trapping styles

• Case studies: Laramide of North America, Arabian Plate block fields, Permian Basin, Colorado Plateau

• Interpretation exercises and cross section construction, restoration.

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Basement-involved Compressional Uplift


Strike-slip TectonicsBasic Module Tec_BM_2.9

Inversion TectonicsBasic Module Tec_BM_2.10

• A natural history of strike-slip hydrocarbon-bearing provinces around the world

• The basic elements of the strike-slip strain environment: the simple shear strain model

• Fracture initiation and growth into finite structures; exercises with rupture maps in Iran and California.

• Development of basins in connections with strike-slip tectonics: the principles of restraining and releasing bends and overlaps.

• Evolution of pull-apart basins with examples in California, Dead Sea ‘Rift’

• Evolution of restraining structures: example--the Mt. Denali area in Alaska

• Transform continental margins and their hydrocarbon resources

• Intra-continental strike-slip & relationship to other styles• Case histories • Interpretation exercises

Strike-slip systems are usually epitomized by the great contemporary continental transform systems of the world, such as the San Andreas system (California), the Alpine system in (New Zealand), the El Pilar faults (South America), or the Great Anatolian fault (Turkey), but also play a pivotal role within orogenic belts (Great Glen, Iranian, & Sumatran faults), within continental block-faulted terranes (such as the Central African shear zone or Southern Oklahoma and the Ancestral Rocky Mountains), and other environments. Note that the San Andreas, the El Pilar, the Sumatran fault, Central Africa and Southern Oklahoma are all world class petroleum provinces. This module covers the kinematics of strike-slip environments across many scales of development as well as classic examples around the world.

Experts: Jim Granath, Catalina Luneburg, Bob Ratliff

• Concept of inversion • “Null point” and inversion ratio• Expanded growth section• Kinematic models for inversion• Quantitative kinematic model for a rotated block above listric fault• Inversion in thin-skinned domains• Seismic examples and exercises: North Sea profile, South Hewritt• Classic examples worldwide e.g. Sunda Fold

Inversion tectonics represents the compressional overprint of older extensional structures. The inversion of e.g. rift system leads to expanded sections often associated with world-class petroleum systems. This module analyzes the concept of inversion and resulting geometries.

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Jim Granath, Bob Ratliff

The Dead Sea Transform

38

II. TECTO

NIC

HC

SCEN

AR

IOS: 2. C

ompressional &

Extensional

Outcrop observations and complexities encountered in the development of oil and gas fields reveal that thrust-belt structures are far more complex than what is imaged on reflection seismic data, including the most modern 3D data. This complexity is due to the protracted deformation that occurs over tens of millions of years and involves numerous deformational mechanisms at all scales. Often ignored are the deformation mechanisms that are operating at the hand-specimen and outcrop scales, yet these mechanisms affect reservoir quality, the migration and entrapment of hydrocarbons, and have implications for the viability of cross-section balancing. Therefore, this course looks not only at the geometry and kinematics of structures at the oil-field or reflection seismic scale; it delves in great detail into the sequence of deformation at the hand-specimen and outcrop scale and relates structures at that scale to the geometry and kinematics of structures at the oil-field scale. We examine the implications for the development of hydrocarbon systems in foreland basins.

Experts: Steve Boyer, Jim Granath, Catalina Luneburg

Thrust belts have provided fruitful targets for hydrocarbon exploration for over 50 years. Successes in Alberta, Canada (1960s-1970s) led to improved knowledge of thrust belt geometry and kinematics and spurred exploration worldwide. This module covers exploration efforts, including 2D & 3D geometry of single folds and thrust systems e.g. fault duplexes. Attention is paid to the variation of structural style in strike direction, including vertical/inclined lateral ramps and their impact on trap geometry and integrity. Understanding thrust kinematics and sequence is essential to understanding hydrocarbon systems and predicting the distribution of potential traps within a thrust terrane. Analysis of fold and fault geometries relative to synorogenic sediments can help establish relative timing of thrust emplacement relative to HC generation and entrapment. Unfortunately, in many thrust belts the synorogenic record may not be preserved, so the course illustrates geometric techniques that can be applied to unravel thrust sequence.

Experts: Steve Boyer, Jim Granath, Catalina Luneburg

• Sequence of deformation at all scales• Thrust mechanics & its role on deformation seq,• Role of deformation sequence on hydrocarbon

generation, migration & entrapment• Interactions between pressure-solution & fracturing

during the evolution of thrust-belt structures, with discussion of implications for fluid flow & hydrocarbon migration

• Distribution of traps within thrust belts & associated foreland basins

• Role of thrust belts in generating distal foreland hydrocarbon traps & tar-sand deposits

• Interaction between thin-skinned thrust deformation & previous &/or subsequent basement-involved contractional deformation &/or thin-skinned extension

• Implications of deformation sequence on the construction & balancing of cross sections in thrust belts & related transpressional terranes

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• Characteristics of typical thrust belts • Geometry of thrust-related folds• Typical structures within a single thrust sheet• Duplexes, triangle zones & other thrust systems• Mechanical stratigraphy & its impact on

deformation mechanisms, geometry of thrust-related structures & sequence of deformation

• Problems of cross-section construction & balancing in fold-&thrust belts

• 3D geometry of thrust-fold systems, including lateral thrust ramps and variation in fold geometry

• Deformational fabrics and fractures in thrust-fold belts, their timing, relationship to other structures, & impact on HC generation, entrapment & reservoir quality

• Overview of the mechanics of thrust-belt development and implications for thrust sequence

• Geometry of typical thrust-belt traps & difficulties often encountered in exploring and developing

Geometry and Kinematics of Thrust-Belts


Thrust-belts Architecture & Evolution:Implications for

Hydrocarbon systems


Salt is a unique geological material in several ways, and plays a critical role in many hydrocarbon provinces, from altering the heat field to providing perfect sealing material, creating unique traps, and governing sedimentation patterns. On the negative side, salt presents unique seismic imaging problems.This module provides an overview of salt tectonics in the petroleum setting; it can be integrated with broader treatments of structural styles, or serve as an introductory chapter in a more thorough discussion of salt.

Experts: Jim Granath, Catalina Luneburg,TBD

Rethinking Thrust Propagation & Thrust Systems


Introduction to Salt TectonicsBasic Module Sal_BM_3.1

Thrust belts have provided fruitful targets for HC exploration for over 50 years. Successes in Alberta, Canada, in the 1960s and 1970s led to an improved knowledge of thrust belt geometry and kinematics and spurred exploration.This module covers the lessons learned from these exploration efforts, including the 2D & 3D geometry of single folds and thrust systems such as fault duplexes. Special attention is paid to the variation of structural style in strike direction, including vertical/inclined lateral ramps and impact on trap geometry and integrity. Understanding thrust kinematics and sequence is essential to HC systems and predicting distribution of potential traps. Analysis of fold and fault geometries relative to synorogenic sediments helps establish relative timing of thrust emplacement relative to HC generation and entrapment. Unfortunately, in many thrust belts the synorogenic record may not be preserved, so the module illustrates geometric techniques that can be applied to unravel thrust sequence

Experts: Steve Boyer

• Review of established examples of fold-&-thrust belt structures (the classics)• Current knowledge regarding the mechanics & kinematics of structures in thrust belts• Examination of critical exposures of fold-fault structures that do not fit classical models• New models to explain diversity of thrust-belt structures• New models of thrust propagation, especially in carbonate sequences• New models for duplex zones, including fold, cleavage, flowage & hybrid duplexes• New approaches to thrust-belt exploration based on revised models of thrust propagation

• Importance of salt in hydrocarbon provinces• Salt as a rock: why does it behave so differently from other geological materials?• Brief review of salt depositional systems• Involvement of salt in deformational systems: as a detachment surface • Halokinesis and salt structures: roller-diapir-pedestal-canopy; welds and withdrawal geometries • Autochthonous and allochthonous salt systems• Salt in relation to sedimentation and fault systems; passive margins, deltas • Interpretation and restoration in salt systems Hudec & Jackson, 2011

39


Salt tectonics is controlled by salts unique physical properties and deformation behavior. This module teaches the physical properties' of salt with respect to other sediments and its response to deformation due to its low yield strength and viscous behavior. The mechanics of salt flow is discussed in the context of the driving forces, gravitation and displacement.

Experts: Jim Granath, Catalina LuneburgSalt plays a role in the structure of many different tectonic settings, including those that are solely governed by the motion of the salt itself. A large part of its role stems from its unique geological properties as an extremely weak, highly heat conductive ionic solid. In this module we review salt’s uniqueness and discuss examples of salt behavior in a number of tectonic settings.

Salt Properties and Salt Mechanics

Basic Module Sal_BM_3.2

Salt in Tectonic SettingsBasic Module Sal_BM_3.3

• Salt as a unique material: strength considerations and a review of its physical properties

• Salt as a stratigraphic element in basins• Salt in compressional settings: weakness and role as the perfect

detachment surface• Salt in thin-skinned fold and thrust belts• Salt in extensional settings• Thin-skinned extension and its intimate linkage to salt on passive margins

• Depositional models of salt• Origin of evaporate basins• Salt physical properties: density, mobility, thermal conductivity,

velocity• Salt deformation and strength• Salt as a seal• Salt flow and mechanics• Historical and modern interpretations • Driving forces of salt flow, gravitational and displacement loading,

hydraulic head

II. TECTO

NIC

HC

SCEN

AR

IOS: 3. Salt Tectonics

39

Rowan & Ratliff, 2012

• Diapirs and diapirism in extension• Geometries of salt stocks, salt walls• Life cycle of a diaper, styles of diapir growth• Reactive stage, active stage and passive stage• Salt diaper piercement and overburden• Diapir shape and evolutionary stage• Detachment faults and salt rollers, Turtle structures• Near diaper deformation, flaps and mega flaps• Diapirs in regional shortening: salt anticlines

Autochthonous salt is in salt place still linked to its original depositional layer. Due to its properties salt will become mobile and start to flow forming salt domes, - stocks and - walls form by the process of diapirism. The different stages of the diaper life cycle are discussed from reactive to active and passive stages. In addition, salt detachments and salt rollers are discussed as well as turtle structures and salt-cored anticlines.

Autochthonous Salt Structures

Advanced Module Sal_AM_3.5

Advanced Module Sal_AM_3.4 Salt-related Fault Linkages

Experts: Jim Granath, Catalina Luneburg, TBD


The motion of salt is intimately linked to the kinematics of fault systems in many hydrocarbon provinces around the world, especially in passive margin environments. A realization of what to expect in salt-dominated environments is critical to success in interpretation programs. These systems can feature extensional, contractional, and strike-slip elements working in tandem. In addition, the added dimension that salt can and often does entirely withdraw from the structure can challenge interpretation.

• Authochthonous salt and its role growth fault systems• Fault systems related to salt motion: symmetric and asymmetric,

growth-fault relationships, rollover faults, regional and stepped counter-regional fault arrays, ‘Roho’ systems

• Allochthonous salt systems: salt-stock and canopy connections, salt nappes

• Welds as structural elements: primary, secondary, and tertiary welds • Salt as a detachment in extensional and contractional systems

Hudec & Jackson, 2011


40

Salt’s unique properties poses challenges to structural restorations as e.g. the fundamental assumptions of plane strain and area conservation are not valid. Sub -and supra salt domains are restored independently and decompaction and isostacy are key factors of backstripping restoration workflows. Examples of salt evacuation, expulsion rollovers, complex mini basins and other allochthonous salt structures are used to introduce salt-specific restoration techniques.


II. TECTO

NIC

HC

SCEN

AR

IOS: 3. Salt Tectonics

Allochthonous Salt Structures

Advanced Module Sal_AM_3.6

Salt Restoration with LithoTect

Software Module Sal_SM_3.7

• Salt properties and flow mechanics• Extensional restorations• Decompaction and isostacy• Restoration methodology and backstripping workflow• Salt evacuation versus expulsion• Restoration of diapir width• Passive diapir restoration• Mini basins and timing of salt evacuation

40

Allochthonous salt is detached from its depositional horizon, emplaced at the surface where it has spread laterally to form a 'canopy' that is in turn overstepped by subsequent sedimentation.This module discusses the formation of salt sheets and various models of advancement, as well as salt canopies, stepped counter regional systems, salt nappes and mini basins, and salt welds.

• Salt sheet emplacement and advancement models• Extrusive advance, open-toed advance, thrust advance, salt-wing intrusion• Plug-fed extrusion and plug-fed thrusts and source-fed thrusts• Salt canopies, stepped counter-regional systems• Salt-based detachment systems, Roho systems• Salt nappes and salt mini basins• Salt welds and salt weld timing,

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Bob Ratliff, TBD


Rowan and Ratliff, 2012

41

III. SEISMIC

INTER

PRETATIO

N: 1. Seism

ic Interpretation

41

III. SEISMIC INTERPRETATION

The section on “Seismic Interpretation” introduces basic concepts and methods for interpreting 2D and 3D seismic, from acquisition and processing to velocity analysis,

time/depth conversion and seismic data QC. Standard seismic attributes, velocity anisotropy and AVO analysis are discussed and applied to real-world examples.

Virtual Seismic Atlas

INHOUSE TRAININGModular Training Client Data TrainingFoundation Program

COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICESBasic seismic interpretationStructural styles in seismicInversion and AVO análisis

Seismic attributes

TOPICS

P-wave velocity

anisotropy to identify stress & fracturing

Seismic stratigraphy

of Turbidites

AVO Analysis

Seismic inter-

pretationbasics

Seismic data QC for

land acquisitionsSe

ism

icIn

terp

reta

tion

Seis

mic

Experts: Tanya Inks, TBD

This module is an overview of seismic interpretation and analysis methods for 3D seismic applied to petroleum exploration and field analysis. It will include both structural and stratigraphic interpretation of seismic, and will touch on the basics of seismic acquisition, processing, velocities and velocity models, time/depth conversion, seismic reflection interpretation, recognizing and interpreting faults and stratigraphy, and an introduction to seismic attributes.

Seismic Interpretation Basics

Basic Module Seis_BM_1.1


• Essential 3D acquisition parameters, pitfalls, acquisition artifacts

• Basic processing QC• well-tie to seismic – synthetics and calibration

methods• Basics of velocity analysis and depth conversion• horizons• Faults picking• Mapping• seismic attributes for integrated reservoir analysis

• Basic trace attributes• Horizon attributes• Intro to Inversion attributes• Intro to anisotropy

• geo-hazards detection and geo-steering• Basic integration with geological and engineering data

MODULES DESCRIPTIONS

Tanya InksJohn Karlo…and others

EXPERTS


42

Wide azimuth land 3D surveys are candidates for azimuthal processing that allows interpreters to look at velocity anisotropy, a tool for better understanding fracturing and mechanical behaviors in potential or existing oil and gas reservoirs. Seismic data are sensitive to variations in fracturing at the scale of individual pads or even individual wells. Integration with well data, outcrop data, subsurface information, as well as public data, are important to show possible variations in the stress field or fracture induced anisotropies that can have a significant effect on production.

Experts: TBD

Having an understanding of what an AVO response on seismic data looks like is critical to picking a proposed location. This module provides an understanding of the role of seismic petrophysics using amplitude variations with offset. Understanding basic rock physics and the behavior of the propagating seismic waves is a significant part of the course, related to adv advanced seismic interpretation, rock and fluid characterization, including hydrocarbon identification and quantification

This module is intended to provide an understanding of the current state of the technology. Topics are reinforced by exercises that gives the participants practical methods of integrating the course material into their work. A personal computer is necessary for this module


Reconnaissance, regional correlation and mapping is mostly done in cross section view, even if the data is a 3D cube. Thus, a necessary starting point for deepwater exploration is understanding of the seismic expression of the primary turbidite depositional facies and their likely reservoir distribution as is seen in cross section view. This module teaches the seismic recognition and characterization of the geologic facies in both ponded and unconfined settings.

Using P-wave velocity anisotropy to identify stress

and fracturing

Advanced Module Seis_AM_1.3

Principles of AVO Analysis




Experts: John Karlo, TBD

• Turbidite channel architecture• The toe of slope myth• Seismic characterization of unconfined turbidites• Structural zonation of reservoir facies in deepwater toe thrust belts• Case studies• Turbidite facies and ponding in intra-slope basins• Syntectonic onlap traps• Work process for turbidite strat traps• Case studies• Predictive trends for reservoir n/g in single loop and loopset turbidites

• Understand the principles of seismic wave propagation and the attributes of seismic measurements utilized in AVO interpretation .

• Learn the pros and cons of various interpretation methods.• Learn how to integrate well data into AVO analysis

• Processing for velocity anisotropy – requirements for data that is acquired

• The attributes that are calculated in P-wave velocity anisotropy processing

• Define velocity anisotropy and discuss the possible geologic implications of velocity anisotropy.

• Discuss the importance of reviewing other data that shows the behavior of fracturing as well as regional stresses in an area of interest.

• Using X-dipole sonic data to look at stress variations in the borehole

• Marcellus case study looking at Marcellus fracturing and the implications relative to production.

• Other geologic settings that may benefit from the analysis of P-wave velocity anisotropy.

• How to find more information about velocity anisotropy.

Integration with x-dipole sonics, outcrop, bore hole breakouts and other rock data

42

III. SEISMIC

INTER

PRETATIO

N: 1. Seism

ic Interpretation Seismic data QC for land

acquisitionsBasic Module Seis_BM_1.3


The interpretation of seismic data is much more than just drawing lines on wiggles! To truly interpret data and have results that are meaningful, and more importantly trust-worthy, the data quality must be scrutinized. Understanding “error bars” on seismic interpretation products depend on reviewing acquisition and processing to determine potential pitfalls in the data that could affect your confidence in the seismic interpretation.

• 3D design variations• Skips, offsets and data holes (no permit

areas) – how these affect your data• Surface conditions including surface geology,

weather and wind• Statics• Asking for the right QC tools in acquisition and

processing• Processing 101 – where can they go wrong?• So, your data has problems, what can you

do?• How do you communicate data quality to

others?

…understanding acquisition and processing pitfalls and how to deal with them.


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IV. SEDIM

ENTO

LOG

Y/STRATIG

RA

PHY

IV. SEDIMENTOLOGY/STRATIGRAPHY

The section on "Sedimentology and Stratigraphy" addresses how to apply concepts of sequence stratigraphy and clastic and carbonate sedimentology in E&P settings. The following modules provide background, techniques and examples for acquiring proficiency in analyzing

and interpreting sequences and clastic and carbonate formations.

43

INHOUSE TRAININGModular Training Client Data TrainingFoundation ProgramField Trips


COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICES

EXPERTSKatie Joe McDonoughUrsula HammesPeter Flaig...and others

Sequence StratigraphyDepositional SystemsClastic sedimentologyCarbonate sedimentologySeismic stratigraphyTurbidites

TOPICS

Katie Joe McDonough, PhD

”Stratigraphy in E&P: Mudrocks, Siliciclastics, Carbonates”

3-day workshop on sequence stratigraphy concepts, process sedimentology and resultant deposits (facies) in sliciciclastic and carbonate environments.

UPCOMING WORKSHOP

3 - 5 Dec, 2019 Houston, TX

44

IV. SEDIM

ENTO

LOG

Y/STRATIG

RA

PHY

44

MODULES MAPModule = ½ day training

Sequ

ence

St

ratig

raph

y C

last

ics

Car

bona

tes

Adv. Sequence

Stratigraphy in E&P

Adv. Sequence

Strat. in the Seismic Record


in E&P

Stratigraphy in the

Seismic Record

Sedi

men

tolo

gy/S

trat

igra

phy


Complex Coastal Systems

Carbonate Sedimen-tology and

Stratigraphy

Carbonate Reservoir

Characteri-zation

Tight Carbonates

Carbonate Diagenesis

Siliciclastic Sedimen-tology and

Stratigraphy

Analysis of Fluvial-

Deltaic Outcrops

Fluvial Systems

Deltaic Systems


COURSE SUGGESTIONS“Sequence Stratigraphy in Exploration and Production”

“Stratigraphy in the seismic record”

“Turbidite processes, facies and stacking patterns”

“Siliciclastic depositional systems”

“Architecture of deepwater clastic systems”

“Carbonate deposition and stratigraphy”

“Carbonate reservoirs and tight carbonates”

“Seismic sequence stratigraphy”

“Coastal depositional systems and facies”

“Fluvial depositional systems and facies”

“Deltaic depositional systems and facies”

COURSE EXAMPLE: “Sequence Stratigraphy in

Exploration”3-day basic level course on general

concepts



45

Experts: Katie Joe McDonough. Ursula Hammes, TBD

IV. SEDIM

ENTO

LOG

Y/STRATIG

RA

PHY: 1. Sequence Stratigraphy

Sequence Stratigraphy in E&P

Basic Module Sed_BM_1.1

Advanced Sequence Stratigraphy in E&P

Advanced Module Sed_AM_1.2

Experts: Katie Joe McDonough. TBD

This module introduces basic concepts of stratigraphy by first reviewing process sedimentology and the resultant deposits (facies). We then explore coeval depositional systems and how they relate spatially and temporally. The cyclicity inherent in the stratigraphic record is demonstrated and its utility explored. This modules is the basic introduction to the advanced version.

• Review of basic stratigraphic concepts (“Cyclicity in 4 Dimensions”); Walther’s Law; base level.

• Review of depositional systems (it’s all about the gradient!) and facies

• Stratigraphic validation (physics governs processes)

• Cycle recognition / facies successions within and across depositional systems

• Carbonates differ from siliciclastics; physical vs biological processes of deposition

OPTIONS- Examples from NPRA, Bahamas, Book Cliffs, Delaware Basin, Gulfedu Lyon, Mallorca- Focus on Exploration or Production scale

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Correlation techniques and sequence stratigraphic methods are demonstrated in a variety of basins. Methods include cycle recognition across depositional systems, stacking patterns in various geomorphic positions, Wheeler (chronostratigraphic) diagrams, and combining different scales represented by different data collection (seismic, outcrop, core, log). Hands-on exercises demonstrate how sequence stratigraphic interpretation techniques improve the quality of stratigraphic interpretations.

This module builds on the basic introduction module.

• The concept of chronostratigraphy; Wheeler diagrams

• Cycles, parasequences, systems tracts, sequences, mega-sequences

• Correlation scenarios and examples

First Introductory module on Sequence Stratigraphy

Second, advanced module on Sequence Stratigraphy

Stratigraphy in the Seismic Record

Basic Module Sed_BM_1.3

Advanced Stratigraphy in the Seismic Record

Advanced Module Sed_AM_1.4

Experts: Katie Joe McDonough. Ursula Hammes, TBD

Experts: Katie Joe McDonough. TBD

This module reviews basic concepts of process sedimentology, how depositional systems change through time (stratigraphy), and how stratigraphy is viewed in seismic data. The cyclicity inherent in the stratigraphic record is demonstrated and used to fully tie to seismic data.

This module is the basic introduction to the advanced version

• Chronostratigraphy and hierarchy of cycles, parasequences, systems tracts, sequences, mega-sequences

• Petroleum systems in the seismic stratigraphic record

OPTIONS- Examples from West Africa, NPRA, Bahamas, Book Cliffs, Delaware Basin, Gulfe du Lyon, Mallorca- Focus on Exploration or Production scale

HorizonCube

Wheeler Diagram

Correlation techniques and sequence stratigraphic interpretation methods are applied in a variety of basin types and settings. Cyclicity and stacking patterns in various geomorphic positions are recognized across depositional systems. Chronostratigraphy aids combining different scales represented by different data collection (seismic, outcrop, core, log). Hands-on exercises demonstrate how sequence stratigraphic interpretation techniques improve the quality of seismic interpretations. This module builds on the basic introduction module.

• Review of depositional systems, facies and facies successions (cycles)

• Review of stratigraphic concepts (“Cyclicity in 4 Dimensions”); Walther’s Law; base level.

• Recognition of multi-scale cyclicity and stratal geometry in seismic data

• Recognition of seismic facies related to depositional facies

Olaya et al (1996)

First Introductory module on Stratigraphy in the Seismic Record

Second advanced module on Stratigraphy in the Seismic Record

McDonough et al. (2013)

46

IV. SEDIM

ENTO

LOG

Y/STRATIG

RA

PHY: 2. C

lasticsThis module introduces basic concepts of process sedimentology in siliciclastics and associated facies and successions. We explore siliciclastic depositional systems and how they relate spatially and temporally. We emphasize cycle recognition in many depositional environments, and stacking patterns in various geomorphic positions. We demonstrate the different scales represented by variable data types (seismic, outcrop, core, log), and how to integrate them. Exercises demonstrate that a process sedimentology approach to interpretation leads to high quality stratigraphic interpretations.

Siliciclastic Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

Basic Module Cla_BM_2.1

Facies & Architectural Analysis of Fluvial-Deltaic

Outcrops


• Siliciclastic physical processes—first principles—it’s all about the gradient!

• Component grains, textures, classification, facies • Cycle recognition / facies successions within and across

depositional systems• Cycle stacking patterns, unconformities, condensed sections• Fluvial/alluvial, shoreface, deltaic, deep water environments• Chronostratigraphy; Wheeler diagrams• Cycles, parasequences, systems tracts, sequences, mega-

sequences• Correlation scenarios and examples

Experts: Katie Joe McDonough. Peter Flaig, TBD

Experts: Peter Flaig. TBD

OPTIONS- Examples from Book Cliffs, CO Front Range, Walther’s Law, Gulfe du Lyon- Focus on Exploration or Production scale

46

Laterally extensive outcrop belts offer a fantastic opportunity to examine sub-seismic scale facies trends and the lateral-vertical distribution of reservoir and non-reservoir intervals. Coupling outcrop-based sedimentologic and ichnologic observations with the examination of high resolution imagery (e.g. GigaPan, Drone photogrammetry-video) provides unique insight into the identification of depositional systems, architectural element geometries, key surfaces, and barriers and baffles to flow in reservoir analogues. Exercises that employ high resolution imagery coupled with measured stratigraphy illustrate the advantages of this multifaceted technique to help quantify and predict facies trends and architectural element geometries

• Facies and architectural element identification• Basic ichnology• GigaPan image analysis• Drone photogrammetry• Depositional system interpretation

Fluvial SystemsBasic Module Cla_BM_2.3

Deltaic SystemsBasic Module Cla_BM_2.4

Experts: Peter Flaig, TBD


We examine modern river geomorphologies and floodplain environments using satellite imagery and aerial photography. Ancient fluvial deposits of braided, meandering, straight-fixed, and mixed systems are examined in outcrop, core, and wireline logs. Channels and channel belts are compared. Typical floodplain environments and paleosols are investigated. Architectural elements and reservoir-non vs. reservoir intervals are discussed. Common fluvial facies, facies stacking, and stratalstacking in different fluvial systems are analyzed.

• Basic Paleopedology• Internal architectures of fluvial systems• Satellite and GigaPan image analysis• Drone photogrammetry analysis

• Common deltaic facies• Basic ichnology• Internal architectures of deltas• Satellite and GigaPan image analysis• Drone photogrammetry analysis• Basic sequence stratigraphy

We examine modern delta geomorphologies and deltaic sub-environments using satellite imagery and aerial photography. Ancient deltaic deposits containing fluvial-flood dominated, wave-modified, and tide-modified sedimentary structures and internal architectures are examined. Facies, architectural elements, and reservoir-non reservoir intervals are compared-contrasted between delta types and in mixed systems.

47

IV. SEDIM

ENTO

LOG

Y/STRATIG

RA

PHY: 2. C

lastics3. C

arbonatesComplex Coastal Systems



Advanced Module Cla_AM_2.6


47

We examine environments that include, but are not limited to: estuaries, barrier islands, tidal inlets, lagoons, backbarriers, flood tidal deltas, bayhead deltas, washover fans, strand plains, swamps, tidal flats, and shorefaces. We use satellite imagery and aerial photography to identify classic modern examples of each of these environments. We discuss the geomorphology, geomorphic evolution, and preservation potential of each environment and examine examples of the resultant stratigraphy in ancient deposits. Typical facies, architectural element geometries, and stratal stacking are discussed.

• Basic stratal architecture analysis• Basic ichnology• Satellite and GigaPan image analysis• Drone photogrammetry analysis• Basic sequence stratigraphy


• Turbidite channel architecture• The toe of slope myth• Seismic characterization of unconfined turbidites• Structural zonation of reservoir facies in deepwater toe thrust belts• Case studies• Turbidite facies and ponding in intra-slope basins• Syntectonic onlap traps• Work process for turbidite strat traps• Case studies• Predictive trends for reservoir n/g in single loop and loopset turbidites

Reconnaissance, regional correlation and mapping is mostly done in cross section view, even if the data is a 3D cube. Thus, a necessary starting point for deepwater exploration is understanding of the seismic expression of the primary turbidite depositional facies and their likely reservoir distribution as is seen in cross section view. This module teaches the seismic recognition and characterization of the geologic facies in both ponded and unconfined settings.

Experts: Ursula Hammes, Katie Joe McDonough, TBD

Carbonate Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

Basic Module Car_BM_3.1

Carbonate Reservoir Characterization

Basic Module Car_BM_3.2

Experts: Katie-Joe Mc Donough.Ursula Hammes, TBD

This module introduces basic concepts of process sedimentology in carbonate environments and associated facies and successions. We explore carbonate depositional systems and how they relate spatially and temporally. We emphasize cycle recognition in disparate carbonate depositional environments, and stacking patterns in various geomorphic positions. We demonstrate the different scales represented by variable data types (seismic, outcrop, core, log), and how to integrate them. Exercises demonstrate that a process sedimentology approach to interpretation leads to high quality stratigraphic interpretations.

• Carbonate biogenic vs physical processes—first principles and environmental controls; carbonate factory

• Component grains, textures, classification (Dunham), facies • Cycle recognition / facies successions within and across

depositional systems• Cycle stacking patterns, unconformities, condensed sections• Platform, ramp, shelf, deep water (open marine) environments• Chronostratigraphy; Wheeler diagrams• Cycles, parasequences, systems tracts,

sequences, mega-sequences• Correlation scenarios and examples

OPTIONS• Examples from Bahamas, Mallorca,

Delaware Basin• Focus on Exploration or Production scale

Carbonate reservoirs comprise >50% of the world’s oil and gas reserves. Porosity and permeability is influenced by facies, fractures, and diagenesis. This course addresses basic concepts to characterize carbonate reservoir heterogeneities by addressing porosity, permeability, and variations and influence of facies. Pore classification schemes will be addressed and applied including petrophysical parameters.

Carbonate reservoirs- Depositional environments- Pore types- DiagenesisCharacterization Techniques- Modern and ancient carbonate depositional environment

analogs- Dunham facies classification - Lucia pore classification- Diagenesis

Carbonate Depositional Environments

Deacon et al. (2013)

48

IV. SEDIM

ENTO

LOG

Y/STRATIG

RA

PHY: 3. C

arbonatesTight CarbonatesBasic Module Car_BM_3.3

Carbonate Diagenesis Advanced Module Cla_AM_3.4

Experts: Ursula Hammes, TBD


With advanced horizontal drilling techniques tight carbonates become a prolific target for exploration. The distribution of reservoir quality in tight carbonates depends primarily upon how diagenetic processes have modified the rock microstructure, leading to significant heterogeneity and anisotropy. The size and connectivity of the pore network may be enhanced by dissolution or reduced by cementation and compaction. This class will explore the controls on tight carbonates and how to address porosity and permeability concerns.

Tight Carbonate Reservoirs- Depositional environments- Pore types- Diagenesis- Permeability evolutionCharacterization Techniques- Thin-sections- SEM analyses

Carbonate reservoir performance is heavily influenced by depositional and diagenetic processes. Depositional processes control the initial pore-size distribution and the geometry of the individual depositional facies. The diagenetic overprint modifies the pore-size distribution and controls the productivity of depositional facies. In some cases, reservoir quality and flow characteristics are totally controlled by diagenesis as in karsted reservoirs. This module will address techniques on how to determine the paragenetic sequence and characteristics of cements and dolomites.

Carbonate diagenetic environments- Surface/shallow diagenesis- Deep diagenesis- Type of cementsCharacterization Techniques- Thin-section identification- SEM techniques- Paragenesis

48

49

V. BA

SIN A

NA

LYSISV. BASIN ANALYSIS & PETROLEUM SYSTEMS

The section on “Basin Analysis & Petroleum Systems“ introduces basic and advanced concepts of basin analysis and modeling, petroleum systems, organic and inorganic

Geochemistry techniques a s well as aspects of Play/Fairway Analysis and Risk Assessment.

49



COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICES

EXPERTSAlexei MilkovAfshin FathiUrsula Hammes...and others

Specialty Courses ” by Alexei Milkov

“Petroleum Fluids and Source Rocks in E&P

Projects” (3 days)

“Risks and Volumes Assessment for Conventional

and Unconventional Plays and Prospects” (3 days)

“Interpretation of Natural Gases” (1 day)

Petroleum SystemsBasin AnalysisBasin ModelingGeochemistryRisk and prospectanalysis

TOPICS

” Applied Petroleum Geochemistry”

Alexi Milkov, PhD

Comprehensive 3-day workshop on the fundamentals of geochemistry in petroleum exploration

UPCOMING WORKSHOP


49

50

V. BA

SIN A

NA

LYSIS

50


Bas

in

Ana

lysi

sPl

ay/F

airw

ay

Ana

lysi

sG

eo-

chem

istr

y

Advanced basin

analysis & Pet. Syst. Analysis



tionals

Regional Case

Studies

Introduction to


Introduction to

Petroleum Geology

Intrduction to Basin

Modeling/ Pet.System

Analysis

Applied Basin

Modeling

Bas

in A

naly

sis

Funda-mentals of

Basin Analysis

Quantifying Risk in


Using decision trees to quantify

risk

Using seismic data &

Geostat. to quantify risk

Ranking prospects or plays

Applied organic

geochemist in petroleum exploration

Advanced Geochem. Interpre-

tation

Inorganic Geo

chemical Techniques

Introduction to source

rock evalu-ation organic

geochem

Organic Geo-

chemical Techniques


COURSE SUGGESTIONS“Introduction to petroleum geology”

“Basin analysis and basin modeling”

“Basin analysis in unconventional reservoirs”

“The petroleum system: generation, migration and accumulation”

“Risk parameters and risk analysis in petroleum exploration”

“Quantifying risk and ranking prospects”

“Organic and inorganic geochemistry techniques”

“Source rock geochemistry and basin analysis”

“Pressure prediction concepts”

“Play analysis and prospect evaluation”

COURSE EXAMPLE: “Petroleum systems and basin analysis”

3-day basic level course on

fundamental concepts



51

Experts: Afshin Fahti, TBD

• Introduction to petroleum geology• Applications of petroleum geology in petroleum

exploration and production• Petroleum system elements and process• Source rocks and petroleum geochemistry• Reservoir rocks (porosity, permeability, fluid flow

concepts)• Cap rocks (capillary pressure and seal capacity)• Trap formations • Petroleum systems in conventional and

unconventional • Exploration and production workflow (geophysics,

geochemistry, petrophysics)

This module introduces basic concepts of petroleum geology and its applications in petroleum exploration and production. The elements of a petroleum system, reservoir rocks, source rocks and cap rocks and different trap formations with their physical and chemical specifications will be described. Different types of petroleum systems in conventional and unconventional resources will be introduced to students using samples of real playsA short overview of exploration & production methods and steps will be provided to students including geophysics, geochemistry, and petrophysics. Hands-on exercises will help student to identify petroleum systems and map event chart from published papers.

V. BA

SIN A

NA

LYSIS: 1. Basin A

nalysis and Petroleum System

sIntroduction to Petroleum

GeologyBasic Module Bas_BM_1.1

Introduction to Basin Modeling / Petroleum System Analysis

Basic Module Bas_BM_1.2

• Introduction to basin modeling• Petroleum system (elements, process)• Steps of a basin modeling process• 1D, 2D and 3D basin modeling• Back stripping and forward modeling• Generation, migration and accumulation of

hydrocarbons• Inputs and outputs in basin modeling• Basin modeling in conventional plays• Basin modeling in unconventional plays• Software programs in basin modeling• Steps of a basin analysis project

This module introduces theory and basic concepts of basin modeling and petroleum system analysis in terms of understanding applications of basin modeling in real world projects. The most important petroleum system elements and processes related to conventional and unconventional plays are explained using different examples of plays from well-known conventional and unconventional reservoirs in the world. Steps of a basin analysis projects will be explained to students. Software applications in basin modeling will be introduced to student with their advantages to each other.


51

• Review of basic petroleum geology concepts• Review of basic petroleum exploration • Geophysical methods • Seismic in petroleum exploration• Organic geochemical methods • Source rock evaluation and its applications• Petroleum system concepts in conventional and unconventional plays• Sedimentary analysis and petroleum exploration• Steps and workflow of an exploration study

This module introduces basic concepts of petroleum exploration. It will explain the steps of an exploration study. The workflows for exploration conventional and unconventional resources will be explained to students. In here the basics and applications of Geophysics methods,, organic geochemistry, and source rock evaluation, basin modeling, sedimentary basins, petroleum system elements and their applications will be explain to students.

Source rocks, reservoir rocks, and seal rocks physical and chemical properties and their effects on basin models will be explained. Kinetic models of generation, fluid flow simulation and different migration methods will be introduced and compared to each other and accumulation simulation, seal capacity, back stripping and forward modeling, compaction and de-compaction concepts, heat flow simulation, sediment water interface heat flow concepts will be introduced to students

Fundamentals of Basin Analysis


Introduction to Petroleum Exploration


• An overview to basin modeling • What is a numerical basin model• Physical properties of petroleum system elements• Petroleum system process• Hydrocarbon generation from source rocks• Expulsion and primary migration• Secondary migration • -Fluid flow simulation in basin scale• Accumulation and seal capacity• Compaction and de-compaction• Heat flow simulation in basin scale• SWIT, paleo temperature and heat flow


This module introduces mathematical concepts behind most important processes in basin analysis and their importance and effects in a model.


52

V. BA

SIN A

NA

LYSIS: 1. Basin A

nalysis and Petroleum System

sApplied Basin ModelingAdvanced Module Bas_AM_1.5

Advanced Basin Modeling/Petroleum System Analysis

Advanced Module Bas_AM_1.6

Experts: Afshin Fahti, TBD In this module students will learn about step by step basin modeling. They will learn how to build a basin model (1D,2D and 3D). This module will talk about input parameters in basin modeling, it will shows the calibration methods for a model and student will understand which simulation method should be used during modeling a basin. They will learn about the output parameters and meaning of each output parameter. They also will learn how to use organic geochemistry and source rock evaluating results in a basin model. At the end they will learn about sensitivity analysis methods and how to reduce risks in exploration.

• Review of basic basin modeling• Review of petroleum system elements

and process• Review of organic geochemistry data

used in basin modeling• Input data for a 1D model• Calibration of a 1D model• Outputs of a 1D model• Input data for a 2D model• Calibration of a 2D model• Outputs of a 2D model• Input data for a 3D model• Calibration of a 3D model• Outputs of a 3D model• Advantage and disadvantages of 1D,

2D and 3D• Sensitivity analysis and risk assessment

• Review of basic basin analysis methods• Conventional and unconventional resources• Organic geochemistry and basin analysis• An overview of 1D, 2D and 3D models • Steps of an organic geochemistry project• Steps of a basin analysis project• Case study of a regional 1D basin modeling

project• Case study shows a 2D basin modeling project• Case study shows a 3D basin modeling study• Case study shows an unconventional basin

modeling study• Applications of basin modeling in reservoir scale

models

This module explain applications of basin analysis in different basins. It will describe examples of 1D, 2D and 3D basin models in conventional and unconventional resources. It will explain how to build those models, what is steps of the modeling procedure and students will learn how to interpret those models results with organic geochemistry and source rock evaluation results together to have a better understanding of those study areas.


52

Applications of Basin Modeling in Unconventionals

Advanced Module Bas_AM_1.7

Introduction to source rock evaluation / organic

geochemistry

Basic Module GCh_BM_2.1


This module introduces basic concepts of unconventional resources geology, petroleum system elements in unconventional resources and their characteristics, organic geochemistry of unconventional resources, and source-reservoir rock evaluation methods. This module will explain the applications of basin analysis to evaluate unconventional resources and identify best drilling zones

• Review of basic unconventional resources concepts• Review of basin modeling concepts• Unconventional petroleum system elements• Unconventional petroleum system processes• Organic geochemistry of unconventional resources• Comparing basin modeling methods in conventional and unconventional resource• Unconventional basin modeling project steps• Unconventional basin models inputs and outputs

This module introduces basic concepts of source rock evaluation and organic geochemistry. It starts by providing theories on origin of organic matters in sediments and will present the hydrocarbon generation mechanisms, kerogen types and their differences, organic facies modeling methods and its applications, and will continued to introduce general laboratory methods used to evaluate source rocks and interpretation of results. A short view of GC and GC-MS methods and biomarker analysis

• Review of basic petroleum systems• Review of basic petroleum geochemistry• Origin of organic matters in source rocks• Hydrocarbon generation • Maturity indicators in source rocks• Ro% measurement and interpretation• GC-MS analysis and biomarkers • Kerogen and kerogen types• Organic facies modeling methods• Leco and Rock-Eval anlysis• Evaluate source rocks


53


Inorganic geochemical techniques will teach the instrumentation used to generate inorganic data used to identify favorable frac intervals and compare to petrophysical logs (e.g., XRD, ICP, XRF instruments). Chemostratigraphicprinciples will be applied to identify potential frac intervals and relate to sequence stratigraphy.

V. BA

SIN A

NA

LYSIS: 2. Geochem

istry

Overview of source rock evaluation: learn how to interpret organic-matter type and richness, maturity and interpretation of geochemical results incorporating TOC, rock-eval and biomarker data.

Inorganic Geochemical Techniques

Advanced Module GCh_AM_2.2

Organic Geochemical Techniques


Inorganic Geochemical Techniques• XRF• XRD• MCIP• Elements important for

identifying reducing conditions

Chemostratigraphy• Paleogeography• Clastic input• Ocean chemistry• Paleo climate• Organic matter input

flux and preservation

Organic Geochemical Tools• TOC analyses• Rockeval• Biomarker• Elements important for


53

Applied Organic Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration


Advanced Geochemical Interpretation



Experts: Afshin Fathi, Ursula Hammes,

This module introduces applied source rock evaluation and organic geochemistry in exploration oil and gas. It will starts by providing interpretation methods to use results of source rock analysis and biomarkers. It will followed by providing interpretation samples and exercise from well-known source rocks.

• Review of basic organic geochemistry• Review of basic sampling and analysis methods• Leco analysis results interpretation• Rock-Eval analysis results interpretation• GC-MS analysis results graphs and interpretation• Real world examples of applications of provided methods

This module explain applied organic geochemistry methods in source rock evaluation and biomarker analysis, oil to oil correlation, oil to source rock correlation projects. It will starts by providing interpretation methods to use results of organic geochemistry analysis. It will followed by providing interpretation samples and exercise from well-known basins.

• Review of organic geochemistry analysis methods

• Review of interpretation methods for LECO, Rock Eval and GC-MS analysis

• -Applications of organic geochemistry in conventional resources exploration

• Applications of organic geochemistry in unconventional resources exploration

• Applications of organic geochemistry in basin analysis

• Real world examples of applications of provided methods

54

Experts: TBD

What is risk and how can we quantify it? How can we define the uncertainty associated with a well, prospect or play? This module explains the various methods of quantifying risk and uncertainty, how to use them and which one is the most appropriate method. Hands-on exercises will demonstrate how risk assessment can be used to quantify outcomes for better decision making.

V. BA

SIN A

NA

LYSIS: 3. Play/Fairway

Analysis

Quantifying Risk in Petroleum Decisions

Basic Module PFA_BM_3.1

Using Decision Trees to Quantify Risk

Basic Module PFA_BM_3.2

• Review various decision-making methods used in the oil and gas industry• Examine various tools and methods of identifying, quantifying and managing the risks and

uncertainties • Determine appropriate risk methods for well, prospect or play evaluations• Case studies• Exercises designed to reinforce the concepts

Experts: TBD• Evaluate decision tree models and extract key insights

• Use decision trees to value various outcomes

• Use Monte Carlo simulation software with optimization

• Develop models for projects and portfolios

Good technical and business decisions are based on competent analysis of project costs, benefits and risks. Participants learn the decision analysis process and foundation concepts so they can actively participate in multi-discipline evaluation teams. The focus is on designing and solving decision models. About half the problems relate to exploration. The methods apply to R&D, risk management, and all capital investment decisions. Probability distributions express professional judgments about risks and uncertainties and are carried through the calculations. Decision tree and influence diagrams provide clear communications and the basis for valuing each alternative. Monte Carlo simulation is experienced in detail in a hand-calculation exercise. Project modeling fundamentals and basic probability concepts provide the foundation for the calculations. The mathematics is straightforward and mostly involves only common algebra. The emphasis is on practical techniques for immediate application. This is a fast-paced course and recommended for those with strong English listening skills. This course is intended as the prerequisite for the Advanced Decision Analysis with Portfolio and Project Modeling course.

54

Using Seismic Data and Geostatistics to

Quantify Risk

Advanced Module PFA_AM_3.3

Ranking Prospects for Plays

Advanced Module PFA_AM_3.4

Experts: TBD

Experts:TBD

• understanding ranking criteria

• company’s tolerance for risk

• numerical ranking for prospects

• use of metrics to define the optimum portfolio

• Concepts of Geostatistics• Types of distributions and their applications• Estimating the ranges of reservoir properties • Using seismic attributes to estimate reservoir properties • Integration of seismic attributes into risk assessments

The course looks as several approaches to develop probabilistic play and prospect assessment procedures that are consistent and repeatable to evaluate and rank plays and prospects. The concepts and techniques learned in the course are applied to real industry examples in exercises and workshops.

This module discusses the basics of geostatistics as applied to the exploration business. Through examples and exercises, the concepts of how geostatistics are used, the types of distributions used and how seismic data can be used to define these parameters.

55

VI. SEAL EVA

LUATIO

N: 1. Sealing C

onceptsVI. SEAL EVALUATION

The section on “Seal Evaluation“ provides a comprehensive review on sealing concepts, from trap seal, top seal and fault seal to fault rocks, geopressured traps,

carbonates and structural reactivations.

55



COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICES

EXPERTSJohn Karlo...and others

Fault seal análisisTop sealsOverpressured reservoirs

TOPICS

” Trap Integrity; Basic Best Practices Before Drilling”

John Karlo, PhD

Comprehensive 2-day workshop on prospect evaluation and trap integrity in the context of Quality Assurance.

UPCOMING WORKSHOP


Seal

Eva

luat

ion

Seal

Eva

luat

ion Regional

Case Studies

Introduction to Seal: risk and column

height

Trap, seal and HC fill

Fault Rocks & Damage

Zones

Evaluating Fault Seal

Evaluating Top Seal

Seal Evaluation

of geo-pressured prospects

Structural reactivation and seals

Seal evaluation

of Carbonate Prospects



56


• The state of the art – the inconvenient truths• Conflicting views and the EAGE experts survey• A practical philosophy for seal evaluations• Using risking matrices• Key issues to having a good workflow• Applying Play Based Exploration to seal risking and column height controls• Map integrity as the starting point and the basics of quality control of maps• Calibration of chimneys and seal risks

This module summarizes the context for seal evaluation by exposing what is the real state of the art – what do we actually know. In the 2012 EAGE poll of practicing seal experts, on every question there was a significant minority who disagreed about some aspect of seal evaluation. Beyond this major concepts are poorly documented and often extrapolation is based on a single study. This module provides the basis for doing meaningful evaluation given the uncertainties and limits of the evaluation methodologies.

VI. SEAL EVA

LUATIO

N: 1. Sealing C

onceptsIntroduction to Seal: Risk

and Column HightBasic Module Sea_BM_1.1

Trap, seal and HC fillBasic Module Sea_BM_1.2

• Trap types and trap geometries• Gussow’s principle of entrapment• Sales seal based classification of trap types• Faults, migration and charge• EI330 migration caught in the act• Juxtaposition and connectivity• Constructing fault plane profiles• Identifying fill – spill locations• Degree of trap fill

This module presents the foundation of the trap concept, applying explicit definition of fill and leak point identification. Thinking in terms of hydrocarbon migration and fill leads to prioritizing the importance of structural elements, geometry and interpretation issues, possibly recognizing elements that one might otherwise have ignored or simplified. Understanding the trap model is the starting point to both properly portray the trap and to know what about it one needs to evaluate


56

Evaluating Top SealsBasic Module Sea_BM_1.3

Evaluating Fault SealsBasic Module Sea_BM_1.4

Top seal is not usually a yes-no question of risk but is much more a question of how much column a seal can retain. This module presents the physical processes of capillary top seal and how to quantitatively evaluate the column height potential. As not all shale is the same, one focus of the module is on what geologic factors control the physical properties of the seal and how best to predict seal capacity. One misconception is that top seal can be “blown”, however, capillary failure of a capillary top seal does not empty the trap. This module also teaches how to evaluate the remaining column of “failed” traps.

• The physics of capillary membrane seals

• Characterizing seal properties• Facies controls of top seal capacity• Top seals and seismic stratigraphy• Snap off theory in seal failure• Applying Play Based Exploration to

top sea• Case studies of PBE, facies and

seal• Predicting trapped column height

This module presents the two main processes that result in fault seals: smear of ductile top seal lithologies as monoclinal drapes on the fault plane and seal against shaley fault gouges. Each of these mechanisms is important under different conditions so the geologic controls on and the calibration of these mechanisms are described along with how to quantitatively evaluate the fault seal risk and controls on column height for a prospect.

• The factors for formation of Shale Smear• The role of mechanical contrast in shale smear• Localization at releasing crossovers• Smear quantification as Shale Smear Factor• Case studies of SSF• When and how to evaluate Shale Smear controls on

column height• Empirical studies as basis to and calibration of Shale

Gouge seals• Application of SGR, Fault plane profiles, triangle

diagrams• SGR case studies• SGR calibrations, capillary theory and hydrocarbon

column capacity• Log normal distribution and the Probit scale• Dealing with structural and stratigraphic uncertainty• Dynamic fault seal• Transmissibility multipliers – predicting fault zone

thickness and permeability

57

This module presents how faults nucleate and evolve, generating the various components that make up a fault zone. The different types of fault rocks that may form part of the fault core are described along with their physical properties.

SEAL EVA

LUATIO

N: Seaing

Concepts

This module presents how to evaluate seal risk associated with fault reactivation. There are two main phenomenon. In inverted settings, failure of seals that were compacted owing to burial and that are now at shallower depths are liable to brittle failure. Brittleness, however is not a measurable physical property and the various surrogates for measuring/predicting brittleness are presented

Fault rocks and damage zones

Basic Module Sea_BM_1.5

Structural Reactivation and Seals

Advanced Module Sea_AM_1.6

• Structural Inversion• Recognizing subtle indicators of reactivation• Predicting brittle failure of top seals• Case studies of brittle failure• Critically stressed fault concept• What do published studies of CSF concept

tell us? • Determination of the present day stress field• Using the 3D Mohr’s circle

• Fault evolution and architecture• Physical character and components of fault zones• Damage zones and fault core facies• Statistics of fault zone and core dimensions• Characterizing fault rock porosity, permeability and capillary entry

pressure

A second phenomenon results that in many areas the subsurface stresses are in equilibrium with the failure conditions of the rocks and there is some optimally oriented subset of pre-existing faults that act as pressure valves by being just on the verge of failure. “Critically stressed fault theory” is taught as a means of identifying what faults may be at high risk of reactivation and seal leakage.

57

Seal Evaluation of Geopressured traps


Seal Evaluation of Carbonate Prospects


This module presents the issues of seals in hard geopressure conditions. Geopressureat more moderate levels enhances seal capacity but at higher pressure levels can lead to limiting column heights or full loss of column owing to hydrofracture of the seals -a hybrid mechanism mixing large-scale micro fracture formation and capillary leakage. Failure of one trap in a set of connected traps however can serve as a pressure valve and prevent failure of the connected deeper traps. This module thus also presents the pressure protected trap concept and using it in exploration.

• EI330 migration caught in the act• Hydrofacture caused seal failure• What does hydrofracture look like in

outcrop• Risking hydrofracture of seals• North sea HPHT• Hydrofrac case studies • Protected trap concept in the Gulf of

Mexico• Protected trap case studies

Fault seal in carbonates is the least understood subject in seal evaluation. Mostly because it has generally been ignored due to the assumption that carbonates are brittle and faults would act as conduits not barriers. This widely held belief has resulted in a failure to develop a coherent theory and workflow for evaluation. The lack of a coherent basis, however, doesn’t negate the need to do an evaluation when one has a carbonate prospect. Seals of carbonate against carbonate arise from shale or evaporite smear draping the fault plane and/or from micro-brecciation creating impermeable carbonate fault gouge.

However, fault gouge seal in carbonate traps is very poorly understood or documented. Nevertheless this module presents what is known about fault seals in carbonates. Because of high uncertainty and scant empirical basis, a major module focus is on what philosophy to use in quantifying seal potential for these mechanisms.

• Examples of carbonate on carbonate fault seals• Sate of the art-what do we actually know• Philosophy for risking carbonate fault seal• Geometric factors that impact seal potential• Shale Smear potential for carbonate prospects• Carbonate gouge model and fault rock properties• Criteria for when carbonate fault seals may work• Case studies of carbonate on carbonate seals

58

VII. PETRO

PHYSIC

S: 1. PetrophysicsVII. PETROPHYSICS & LOG ANALYSIS

The section on “Petrophysics and Log Analysis" introduces physical rock properties and basic to advanced log interpretation methods to determine them.


COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICESPetrophysical propertiesLog analysisDipmeter analysisImage logs

TOPICS

MODULES MAP Module = ½ day training


Petr

o-ph

ysic

sLo

g A

naly

sis

Regional Case

Studies

Petro-physical

Rock Properties

Petro-physical

evaluation of mudrock

Petr

ophy

sics

Basic well log inter-pretation

Advanced Log

Analysis

Fracture Analysis

from dipmeter

logs

EXPERTSMargaret

Lessenger….and others

Experts:TBD

Petrophysical Rock Properties

Basic Module Pet_BM_1.1

Rock physical properties are key elements of the reservoir model as they pertain to rock-fluid interaction that ultimately control amount of HC present . This module introduces types of physical rock properties such as lithology, porosity, water saturation and permeability, compressibility, capillary characteristics, rock stress, fluid-rock interaction. Methods used to measure reservoir petrophysical properties from cores, logs and well tests data. Results are correlated and integrated for reservoir characterization and modeling.

• Different physical rock properties• Methods to evaluate rock properties • Core analysis, acquisition, interpretation, and quality checks• Theory and basics of resistivity, radioactivity, acoustic tools• Impact of rock properties on the reservoir model


From Eastwood and Hammes (2010) 58

59

PETRO

PHYSIC

S: Log Analysis

Basic Well Log Interpretation


Advanced Log AnalysisAdvanced Module Pet_AM_2.2

Fracture Analysis from Dipmeter Logs

Advanced Module Pet_AM_2.3

Dipmeter and image logs are valuable tools for collecting fracture and structure data from the reservoir. High resolution image logs can provide detailed images of bedding and fractures, but only for the small sample of the reservoir that is penetrated by the well. Methods to interpolate fracture properties away from the well are presented in this course, including how to make correct for sampling orientation bias. A very effective method to model structural dip and identify faulting not actually intersected by the wellbore called SCAT will also be demonstrated. Fracture orientation analysis, methods to separate orientation data into realistic fracture subsets, and fracture transmissivity characteristics identifiable in image logs will be discussed.

. • How dipmeter logs are acquired• Types of image logs• Identification of fractures in image logs• Fractures and failure features in image logs• Fracture orientation analysis• Assessing fracture characteristics• Methods to characterize fracture transmissibility

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Jim Granath, Alfred Lacazette, Catalina Luneburg

• Examples from Williston Basin, Arkoma Basin, and others

• Focus is on identifying significant (potentially productive) fractures in the wellbore.

• Understand wireline log acquisition techniques,

• Understand the fundamental physics of log measurements

• Perform basic log interpretation to identify and characterize reservoirs.

• Conventional logs: Caliper, Gamma Ray, Resistivity, Sonic, Neutron, Density

Experts: Tom Temples, TBD

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This module introduces the basic concepts and understanding of well log acquisition and interpretation for subsurface and reservoir studies. Actual log examples are used to illustrate basic principles for determining reservoir properties such as porosity, mineralogy, formation actor, saturation, and hydrocarbon type.

• Log Manipulation/Editing

• Basics of a simple CPI: volume of shale, VSH and Porosity, Φ

• Well Log Interpretation and Integration with Seismic.

This module builds on the basic Well Log Interpretation module and introduces concepts of log manipulation, CPI as well as integration with seismic data.

Experts: TBD

Kang et al., 2015

First Introductory module on Log Interpretation

Second advanced module on Log Interpretation

Petrophysical evaluation of mudrocks


Learn how to identify and classify porosity in SEM pictures including comparison of point-counts and measured porosity and methods for calculating TOC, porosity, lithology and water saturation from wireline logs.

• Porosity• Porosity from wire-line logs• Porosity from core measurements• Porosity from SEM pictures• Comparisons on point-counts and measured porosity

• Permeability• Permeability measurements and pitfalls

• Wireline log calculations and interpretation• Methods for calculating TOC from wireline logs• DLogR and Multimin methods• Lithology, porosity, and attribute modeling from

wireline logs using Multimin


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VIII. UNCONVENTIONAL TOPICS

This section provides background, techniques and examples for acquiring proficiency in analyzing and modeling unconventional reservoirs such as Geomechanics, Microseismic, Fracture Analysis as well as Sedimentology/Stratigraphy, Geochemistry and Petrophysics related to Unconventionals. Case studies of several unconventional plays are showcased.

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COACHING/CONSULTING

SERVICES

EXPERTSAmy Fox

Ursula Hammes

Al Lacazette

Afshin Fathi

Jim Granath

Specialty Courses

“Getting to Fractures from Microseismic and

Geomechanics (3 days)” by Sherilyn Wiiliams-Stroud

“Unconventional and tight-carbonate reservoir core

workshop (5 days)” by Ursula Hammes

”Fractured, Fracturing, and Fracked Reservoirs”

Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, PhD

Comprehensive 3-day workshop on all aspects of geological analysis related to fracture development

PetrophysicsRock MechanicsFracture AnalysisBasin AnalysisPetroleum SystemsShale reservoirsStratigraphy

TOPICS

UPCOMING WORKSHOP

6-8 May, 2019 Houston, TX

Sherilyn Williams-Stroud

Margarate Lessenger

Katie Joe McDonough

Catalina Luneburg

...and others

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PICS

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Basic Modules Advanced Modules

Advanced Well Log

Inter-pretation

Mudrock sedimen-

tology


Geo

-ch

emis

try

Roc

k Pr

oper

ties

Frac

ture

sR

ock

mec

hani

c &

M

icro

seis

mic

Mechanical rock

properties determi-nation


Insitu Stress Determi-nation

Micro-seismic

Acquisition Methods


seismic

Stress Mapping

Fracture modeling & Fractured Reservoir Charact,

Post-mortem wellbore stability analysis

Mud weight pred. for

optimizing wellbore stability

Regional Case

Studies

Regional Case

Studies

Cas

e St

udie

s

The Marcellus

Play

The Eagle Ford Play

The Haynesville

Play

Natural fractures

and fracture

modeling

Fracture prediction

and fracture proxies

Structural core

logging and interpreta-

tion

Analysis of bore hole geological orientation

data

Structural/geo-

mechanical bore hole image int..

Sed.

/Str

at

Introduction to shale

gas/oil play analysis

Stratigraphic and depos.

processes in shale basins

Core workshop in

Austin, Houston or

client offices

Reservoir Geo-

chemistry

Inorganic Geo-

chemical Techniques

Organic Geo-

chemical Techniques

Physical Rock

Properties

Basic Well Log Inter-pretation

Petro-physical

Evaluation Mudrocks

Fracture Analysis

from dipmeter

logs



tionals

Tight Carbonates


seismic

Unc

onve

mtio

nalT

opic

s

Module = ½ day trainingMODULES MAP

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COURSE EXAMPLE: “Fractured shale reservoirs”

4-day advanced level course with

focus on the eagle Ford Play



COURSE SUGGESTIONS

“Interpretation and evaluation of unconventional reservoirs”

“Geomechanics, fractures and microseismic”

“Reservoir geomechanics”

“Insitu stress and stress mapping”

“Mechanical fracture and fault stability”

“Natural fracture development and prediction”

“Fractured reservoir characterization”

“Structural and geomechanical bore hole image interpretation”

“Petroleum system and basin analysis in unconventional reservoirs”

“Analysis of shale oil and gas plays”

:”Mudrock sedimentology and petrophysics”

“Carbonate reservoir characterization and tight carbonates”

“Applied core workshops”

“Petrophysics of unconventional reservoirs”

“Well log interpretation”

“Reservoir geochemistry”“Various case studies: Marcellus, Eagle Ford, Haynesville

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PICS: 1. R

ock Mechanics &

Microseism

ic

Stress MappingBasic Module GeM_BM_1.2

Mechanical Rock Properties Determination

Basic Module GeM_BM_1.3

Post-mortem Wellbore Stability Analysis


Mechanical rock properties are a critical part of understanding the geomechanics of a play. Routine core analysis does not provide the data needed to understand the mechanical properties of the rock. Sources for this information can include special tests on core, logs, wellbore failure observed in image logs or through drilling experience, and more. Not only is it important to know how to vet and use data from different sources, it is also important to understand the differences between static and dynamic rock properties, anisotropy, and what different moduli mean. This module focuses on these topics.

• Unconfined vs. confined triaxial tests on core• Evaluating core test quality• The rock strength envelope and how to determine it• The definition of rock moduli• Static vs. dynamic rock properties• Rock property anisotropy• Rock properties from logs• Rock properties from scratch, hardness and indentation tests• Where to apply knowledge of rock properties in geomechanical problems

Tight spots? Stuck pipe? Cavings coming over the shakers? Lost circulation? This module teaches how to interpret daily drilling reports and other well data from a geomechanicalperspective to provide insight into what potential geomechanical mechanism may have caused drilling problems, from minor to severe. The module explains the relationship between in situ stress and wellbore problems. It will illustrate how drilling problems are a hidden source of NPT and excess cost.

• Explanation of the wellbore stress concentration• Geomechanical clues in daily drilling reports• Interpreting caliper data for geomechanical wellbore failure• Relating lost circulation to stress• Building geomechanical well summaries

Experts: Amy Fox, Alfred Lacazette, Sherilyn Williams Stroud

Experts: Amy Fox, TBD

• Types of stress maps• Examples of stress maps and the value they provided• The World Stress Map project, creating custom maps

from its database and contributing data to the project• Types of data that may be used in stress mapping• Potential data sources• How to create stress maps

Where geomechanical data sources are plentiful and available, such as well-developed plays or regions with publically accessible databases, stress maps can be constructed that can reveal major and/or more subtle insights into the geomechanical characteristics of a play/region. There are many types of stress maps that can be developed, and data sources and interpretation methods differ for each. This course will provide an overview of these data sources, determining data quality, and interpreting data to create regional stress maps.

Experts: Amy Fox, Jim Granath, Al Lacazette, Sherilyn Williams Stroud

Canadian Discovery Ltd.

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The 3-D in situ stress state affects all oil and gas operations from drilling to production. This module teaches participants what types of data can be used to determine in situ stress, and how to quantify the full geomechanical setting, including the three principal stress magnitudes and orientations, mechanical rock properties, and pore pressure. It will also provide an overview of the various ways in which knowledge of the state of stress can be applied to reduce risk and cost and improve production results.

• Earth stresses – what are they and where do they come from• Classifying various states of stress• Why it is important to know stress magnitudes for drilling,

completions and production• Quantifying the components of the geomechanical setting: principal

stress magnitudes and directions, pore pressure, mechanical rock properties

Insitu Stress DeterminationBasic Module GeM_BM_1.1

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This module illustrates through examples how combining knowledge of in situ stresses and mechanical rock properties can enable the calculation of the mud weight window for drilling new wells. Because of the stress concentration in the near-wellbore area, the old rule of thumb that mud weight should be between the pore pressure and the minimum stress is not correct in most cases. The mud weight window should be defined as mud weights above which drilling-induced compressive failure (breakouts) is within tolerated limits and below that which would induce tensile fracturing and potential lost circulation.

Mud Weight Predictions for Proactively Optimizing

Wellbore Stability

Advanced Module GeM_AM_1.7



• In situ stress and the wellbore stress concentration• Wellbore failure types• Geomechanical drilling events in daily drilling reports• Setting tolerance limits for wellbore failure while drilling• Calculating mud weight windows for different stress settings and

well trajectories

JPT, June 2014

Experts: Amy Fox, TBD

The stability of fractures and faults depends on the frictional strength of, and the shear and normal stress acting on, the fracture/fault planes. Using knowledge of in situ stresses and fluid pressures, this module teaches how to model slip potential on failure surfaces under existing or hypothetical conditions (e.g., fluid injection). This type of analysis is critical to understand processes such as induced seismicity or fluid production from naturally fractured reservoirs

• Types of fractures and faults• In situ stress• Shear and normal stress on planes• Fracture/fault cohesion • Critically stressed fractures• Fluid production in naturally fractured reservoirs• Effects of depletion or injection on fractures/faults

M.D. Zoback, Reservoir

Geomechanics, 2010


Geomechanics, Fractures and Microseismic


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PICS: 1. R

ock Mechanics &

Microseism

ic

• Stress in the earth• Rock mechanics and fracture analysis• Microseismic data acquisition methods• Stress and strain and fractures• Event energy• Event location error• Focal mechanism solutions• Natural versus induced seismicity• Discrete fracture network modeling• Upscaling fracture flow properties for reservoir simulation• Stimulated reservoir volume models

• Examples from Gulf Coast Basin, Williston Basin, Applachian Basin

• Focus is on integrating the observation data with rock mechanics and reservoir modeling

This module covers aspects of structural analysis related to natural fracture development, induced and reactivated fracturing from hydrofrac stimulation, and how the state of stress in the earth impacts all types of fracturing. The relationship of natural seismicity to faults and induced seismicity to fractures is discussed, with focal mechanism interpretation and fracture orientation analysis. The various methods of microseismic data acquisition are compared, with discussion of how to interpret the results and how to use them to develop fracture constraints to generate fracture flow properties in reservoir models.

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Al Lacazette

Microseismic data contains a wealth of information beyond the dots in the box. The type of additional information that is available is dependent on the method used to acquire the data and the methods used to process the data. This module will introduce students to the various data acquisition methods and with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses inherent in each method. Processing methods will also be introduced, with descriptions of the different products that are generated by each method including the tomographic imaging to map fractures. A basic overview of source mechanism inversions, stress inversion, and fracture interpretations will illustrate recommended methods of using the information that can be extracted from microseismic monitoring data.

Microseismic Acquisition Methods and Data

Interpretation


• Passive seismic imaging downhole array configuration• How events are detected in downhole monitoring• Passive seismic imaging horizontal array configuration• Event detection from horizontal array and relationship to reflection seismic• Event location error• Effect of layered rock and velocity model on event location accuracy• Source mechanism inversion requirements• Using source mechanisms to infer stress state• Using tomographic imaging to infer reservoir fluid pressure

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Alfred Lacazette

• Examples from Gulf Coast Basin, Central U.S., Appalachian Basin

• Focus is on understanding appropriate uses of ms data for optimal effectiveness of a monitoring job

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Core is a rich source of data on natural fractures and the present-day reservoir stress. The module consists of a classroom session followed by hands-on work with the client’s own cores. Students will learn how to distinguish the types of natural and induced fractures, how to log them, how to interpret neostress (e.g. present-day or in-situ stress) from induced fractures and paleostress (ancient, natural-fracture forming stresses) from natural fractures.

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PICS: 2. Fractures

Fracture prediction and fracture proxies

Basic Module Frac_BM_2.2

Geomechanics, Fractures, and Microseismic

Advanced Module Frac_AM_2.3

Structural/geomechanical core logging and interpretation


• Review of natural fracture types and properties. • Types of induced fractures and their significance. • Distinguishing natural from induced fractures.• Procedures for logging fractures in core. • Interpreting paleostress from natural fractures. • Oriented core vs. orienting core with borehole images.

Predicting natural fracture systems, their distribution, orientations and intensities is critical for reservoir porosity and permeability and their interaction with induced fractures. Challenges lie in the difficulty of recognizing fracture pattern, their mechanics and relation to present and paleo stresses and their limited direct measurements as well as scale of observation. Facture models rely on the quantitative analysis of fracture proxies such as geophysical attributes and well logs as well as curvature and dip, and stress/strain. This module explores different fracture proxies illustrated on different examples

• Natural fracture types• Fracture patterns around structures; folds and faults• Overview and examples of fracture proxies• Seismic attributes and anisotropy, well logs and production histories• Curvature, dip and strain analysis

Experts: Catalina Luneburg, Alfred Lacazette

This module covers aspects of structural analysis related to natural fracture development, induced and reactivated fracturing from hydrofrac stimulation, and how the state of stress in the earth impacts all types of fracturing. The relationship of natural seismicity to faults and induced seismicity to fractures is discussed, with focal mechanism interpretation and fracture orientation analysis. The various methods of microseismic data acquisition are compared, with discussion of how to interpret the results and how to use them to develop fracture constraints to generate fracture flow properties in reservoir models.

• Stress in the earth• Rock mechanics and fracture analysis• Microseismic data acquisition methods• Stress and strain and fractures• Event energy• Event location error• Focal mechanism solutions• Natural versus induced seismicity• Discrete fracture network modeling• Upscaling fracture flow properties for

reservoir simulation• Stimulated reservoir volume models

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Afredl Lacazette

• Examples from Gulf Coast Basin, Williston Basin, Applachian Basin

• Focus is on integrating the observation data with rock mechanics and reservoir modeling

Figure: Petal and petal-centerline fractures in

acoustic amplitude image (left) and core (right).

These induced fractures form ahead of the drill

bit. Centerline fractures are perpendicular to the

minimum principal stress, and hence parallel to

the maximum stress. Petal fractures strike

parallel to the maximum stress.

Experts: Alfred Lacazette, Sherilyn Williams Stroud, Amy Fox

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Dip

Curvature

Strain

Natural fractures and fracture modeling

Basic Module Frac_BM_2.2

Natural fractures are always present in all oil and gas reservoirs. Fractures affect fluid-flow in some reservoirs more strongly that others. Fractures may aid or impede the movement of oil/gas to the wellbore, cause premature water breakthrough, cause seal failure, or connect the reservoir to aquifers. Different fracture types have different fluid-flow properties, form in different orientations relative to the earth stresses that caused fracture formation, and obey different spacing/intensity laws. This module will review fracture types and characteristics, controls on fracture development, and the basics of fracture modeling.

• Natural fracture types• Fluid-flow characteristics and orientations of fracture types• How fractures form and why it matters • Distinguishing natural fractures from induced fractures in core, borehole images, and

outcrop• Relationship of fractures to seismic-scale structures• Effects of natural fractures on artificial hydraulic fractures• Overviews of equivalent-media and Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) fracture modeling • Case studies

Experts: Alfred Lacazette, Catalina Luneburg, Sherilyn Williams Stroud

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Dipmeter and image logs are valuable tools for collecting fracture and structure data from the reservoir. High resolution image logs can provide detailed images of bedding and fractures, but only for the small sample of the reservoir that is penetrated by the well. Methods to interpolate fracture properties away from the well are presented in this course, including how to make correct for sampling orientation bias. A very effective method to model structural dip and identify faulting not actually intersected by the wellbore called SCAT will also be demonstrated. Fracture orientation analysis, methods to separate orientation data into realistic fracture subsets, and fracture transmissivity characteristics identifiable in image logs will be discussed.

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PICS: 2. Fractures

Structural/geomechanicalborehole image

interpretation

Advanced Module Frac_BM_2.6

Fracture Modeling and Fractured Reservoir

Characterization


Fracture and Structural Analysis from Dipmeter Logs


• How dipmeter logs are acquired• Types of image logs• Identification of fractures in image logs• Fractures and failure features in image logs• Fracture orientation analysis• Assessing fracture characteristics• Methods to characterize fracture transmissibility

Borehole images provide detailed information on reservoir fractures, reservoir neostress (present-day stress), reservoir-scale structural geology that can control fracture development, sedimentary facies and structures, and other features. This module focuses on hands-on image interpretation, preferably with the client’s own data. Each student will be provided with a temporary license for LR Senergy’s Interactive Petrophysics software. The module will focus on basic and advanced methods to characterize natural and induced fractures, breakouts, and other features required to develop the detailed understandings of earth stress and fine-scale reservoir structure. These data are used to determine subsurface fracture system properties and earth stress and their variations throughout the reservoir.

• Borehole imaging technologies and their strengths and weaknesses.• Identifying and measuring breakouts and induced fractures.• Identifying and measuring natural fracture types. • Identifying faults and fault zones – the most commonly misidentified

features in image logs. • Integrating petrophysical and borehole image data. • Data collection for detailed structural interpretation. • Case studies, preferably with the client’s own data

This module introduces the different types of fractured reservoirs and how they impact fluid flow from the reservoir to the well. Modeling of fractured reservoirs is via discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling is introduced as a method to illustrate fracture flow behavior. The module covers methods for collecting fracture data from various sources, analysis and conditioning of fracture data, creation of DFN models, methods to validate DFN models using well test simulations and well production data. Methods for upscaling fracture properties from the near-wellbore to full field simulation will be explained and demonstrated.• Types of fractured reservoirs• Important fracture characteristics• Statistical analysis of fracture data• Fracture model definitions• Fracture modeling methods• DFNs from image log analysis• Building DFNs from geological fracture drivers• Constraining DFNs with seismic attributes• Creating DFNs from microseismic data• Validation of DFN models with production data• Upscaling fracture properties for full-field simulation

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Alfred Lacazette

• Examples from Bakken and the Mid-Continent USA

• Focus is on understanding different impacts of fractures on reservoir behavior

Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Jim Granath, Alfred Lacazette, Catalina Luneburg


Figure: Minor fault gouge zone in three types of

borehole images from an unconventional

reservoir. The mechanically-soft, electrically-

resisitive gouge zone is impermeable. A fault-

related fold above the fault produced

microfracture permeability that carries gas from

a deeper reservoir, as shown by quadrupole

mass-spectrometer drilling gas data. These

features are borehole-scale examples of larger

reservoir-scale structures.

• Examples from Williston Basin, Arkoma Basin, and others

• Focus is on identifying significant (potentially productive) fractures in the wellbore.

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The course will cover two- and three-dimensional orientation statistical methods for interpreting subsurface structural data. Borehole orientation measurements of bedding, joints, faults, and fault-slip directions made in core and borehole images can precisely delineate reservoir structure and fracture system properties including intensity (natural fracture surface area/rock volume) and fluid-flow characteristics. Borehole observations can also provide detailed information on the structural history including the number and sequence of deformation events and the paleostress fields that caused each event. Understanding the structural history leads to better structural and fracture reservoir models. Such data sets are typically large and noisy. Orientation statistics are used to separate signal from noise, determine dip-domains, fold axial planes, sort fractures into sets, and determine paleostress orientations.

Analysis of borehole geological orientation data


• Representation of 3D structural data. • Basic orientation statistics. • Statistical Curvature Analysis Techniques (SCAT).• Fault-slip indicators in core and borehole images. • Paleostress analysis.


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PICS: 3. Sedim

entology/StratigraphyIntroduction to Shale Gas/Oil Play

Analysis and Techniques for Characterization of Mudrocks

Basic Module UnSt_BM_3.1

Stratigraphic and depositional processes in

Shale Basins

Basic Module UnSt_BM_3.2

Tight CarbonatesBasic Module UnSt_BM_3.3

Mudrock sedimentology and factors resulting in

organic-rich deposits

Advanced Module UnSt_AM_3.4

This module provides an overview of organic-rich mudrock systems such as carbonate- and clastic-dominated shale systems with examples from different North American resource plays and methods to characterize those systems• Overview of organic-rich mudrock systems

• Carbonate-dominated systems• Clastic-dominated systems• Mud-dominated systems• Importance of Paleogeography and Tectonic Setting

• Techniques for characterization of mudrocks (overview) • Paleogeographic and tectonic setting• Sedimentology • Sequence Stratigraphy • Geochemistry • Petrophysics • Seismic and Geomechanics • Fractures

Learn how stratigraphic and depositional processes influence regional correlations and facies variations of organic-rich mudrocks with respect to calcareous, siliceous and clay-rich shales. Apply sequence stratigraphic principles and facies interpretations to identify best organic-rich and frackable intervals. Predict most prolific source intervals.

• Stratigraphic Framework• Regional correlations and variations• Sequence stratigraphy• Shelf to basin correlations

• Depositional processes • Calcareous shales (Haynesville, Eagle Ford

example) • Siliceous shales (Barnett, Bakken example) • Clay-rich shales (Tuscaloosa Marine Shale; GOM

Tertiary Shale)

Experts: Ursula Hammes, Katie Joe McDonoughTBD


Diverse sedimentary structures, fauna, depositional processes and their inter- and intrabasinal variations and factors determining organic-rich deposits are crucial to understand mudrock systems. Factors such as paleogeography, ocean chemistry and tectonic influences derived from modern examples will be explored.

• Mudrock Sedimentology• Sedimentary structures• Facies and fauna• Organic-rich vs. organic-poor lithologies• Facies types

• Factors controlling organic-rich deposits• Paleogeography• Clastic input• Ocean chemistry• Paleo climate• Organic matter input flux and preservation

Experts: Ursula Hammes, Katie Joe McDonough.,TBD 67


With advanced horizontal drilling techniques tight carbonates become a prolific target for exploration. The distribution of reservoir quality in tight carbonates depends primarily upon how diagenetic processes have modified the rock microstructure, leading to significant heterogeneity and anisotropy. The size and connectivity of the pore network may be enhanced by dissolution or reduced by cementation and compaction. This module will explore the controls on tight carbonates and how to address porosity and permeability concerns.

Tight Carbonate Reservoirs- Depositional environments- Pore types- Diagenesis- Permeability evolutionCharacterization Techniques- Thin-sections- SEM analyses

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PICS: 4. G

ecochemistry

This module introduces basic concepts of unconventional resources geology, petroleum system elements in unconventional resources and their characteristics, organic geochemistry of unconventional resources, and source-reservoir rock evaluation methods. The module will explain the applications of basin analysis to evaluate unconventional resources and identify best drilling zones.

Inorganic Geochemical Techniques

Basic Module UnCh_BM_4.1

Organic Geochemical Techniques

Basic Module UnCh_BM_4.2

Reservoir GeochemistryAdvanced Module UnCh_AM_4.3

Applications of basin modeling in

unconventionals

Advanced Module UnCh_AM_4.4

• Review of basic unconventional resources concepts• Review of basin modeling concepts• Unconventional petroleum system elements• Unconventional petroleum system processes• Organic geochemistry of unconventional resources• Comparing basin modeling methods in conventional and

unconventional resource• Unconventional basin modeling project steps• Unconventional basin models inputs and outputs

Experts: Ursula Hammes, Afshin Fahti



Inorganic geochemical techniques will teach the instrumentation used to generate inorganic data used to identify favorable frac intervals and compare to petrophysical logs (e.g., XRD, ICP, XRF instruments). Chemostratigraphicprinciples will be applied to identify potential frac intervals and relate to sequence stratigraphy.

Overview of source rock evaluation: learn how to interpret organic-matter type and richness, maturity and interpretation of geochemical results incorporating TOC, rock-eval and biomarker data.

Inorganic Geochemical Techniques• XRF• XRD• MCIP• Elements important for


Organic Geochemical Tools• TOC analyses• Rockeval• Biomarker• Elements important for


This module will teach how to use organic geochemistry to evaluate conventional and unconventional reservoirs by introducing case studies and exercises. Geochemical interactions with mineral surfaces and water, nitrogen and oxygen compounds in petroleum may exert an important influence on the pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties of petroleum, viscosity and wettability. The distribution of these compounds in reservoirs is heterogeneous on a submeter scale and is partly controlled by variations in reservoir quality. The implied variations in petroleum properties and wettability may account for some of the errors in reservoir simulations

• Reservoir Chemistry• Tools• Analyses• Understand rock/fluid interactions • Help engineers understand

residual oil

• Chemostratigraphy• Paleogeography and paleo

climate• Clastic input• Ocean chemistry• Identify frac intervals• Organic matter input flux and

preservation

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Learn how to identify and classify porosity in SEM pictures including comparison of point-counts and measured porosity and methods for calculating TOC, porosity, lithology and water saturation from wireline logs.

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PICS: 5. Petrohysics

Basic Well Log InterpretationBasic Module UnP_BM_5.1

Advanced Well Log Interpretation

Advanced Module UnP_BM_5.2

Petrophysical Rock Properties

Basic Module UnP_BM_5.3

Petrophysical evaluation of mudrocks

Basic Module UnP_AM_5.4

• Porosity• Porosity from wire-line logs• Porosity from core measurements• Porosity from SEM pictures• Comparisons on point-counts and measured porosity

• Permeability• Permeability measurements and pitfalls

• Wireline log calculations and interpretation• Methods for calculating TOC from wireline logs• DLogR and Multimin methods• Lithology, porosity, and attribute modeling from

wireline logs using Multimin


Experts: Tom Temples, TBD

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• Understand wireline log acquisition techniques,

• Understand the fundamental physics of log measurements

• Perform basic log interpretation to identify and characterize reservoirs.

This module introduces the basic concepts and understanding of well log acquisition and interpretation for subsurface and reservoir studies. Actual log examples are used to illustrate basic principles for determining reservoir properties such as porosity, mineralogy, formation actor, saturation, and hydrocarbon type.

Experts:TBD

Rock physical properties are key elements of the reservoir model as they pertain to rock-fluid interaction that ultimately control amount of HC present . This module introduces types of physical rock properties such as lithology, porosity, water saturation and permeability, compressibility, capillary characteristics, rock stress, fluid-rock interaction. Methods used to measure reservoir petrophysical properties from cores, logs and well tests data. Results are correlated and integrated for reservoir characterization and modeling.

• Different physical rock properties• Methods to evaluate rock properties • Core analysis, acquisition, interpretation, and quality checks• Theory and basics of resistivity, radioactivity, acoustic tools• Impact of rock properties on the reservoir model

First Introductory module on Log Interpretation

• Log Manipulation/Editing

• Basics of a simple CPI: volume of shale, VSH and Porosity, Φ

• Well Log Interpretation and Integration with Seismic.

This module builds on the basic Well Log Interpretation module and introduces concepts of log manipulation, CPI as well as integration with seismic data.

Experts: TBD

Kang et al., 2015

Second advanced module on Log Interpretation

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The Haynesville and Bossier Shale Plays

Case Study Module UnC_CM_6.3

This course will cover geological models, stratigraphy and distribution of porous, organic-rich, and calcitic/organic-rich intervals in the Eagle Ford shale of South Texas. Factors determining organic-, clay-, and calcite-rich lithologies in areal and stratigraphic distribution

This course will cover geological models, stratigraphy and distribution of porous, organic-rich, and calcitic/siliciclastic-rich intervals in the Haynesville and Bossier Shales of East Texas and West Louisiana. Factors determining occurrence of organic-rich intervals and distribution of porous, organic-rich, and calcitic/siliciclastic-rich intervals will be explored

Core workshop in Austin, Houston or individual

company offices

Case Study Module UnP_WM_5.5

The Marcellus PlayCase Study Module UnC_CM_6.1

The Eagle Ford PlayCase Study Module UnC_CM_6.2

• Haynesville and Bossier Shale specific workshop (including core viewing)• Examine cores from Bossier and Haynesville shales• Apply techniques to characterize the Bossier and

Haynesville shale reservoirs such as• Paleogeographic and tectonic setting• Sedimentology• Sequence Stratigraphy• Geochemistry• Petrophysics• Seismic and Geomechanics• Fractures

• Relate geology to production

• Eagle Ford specific workshop (including core viewing)• Examine cores from updip to downdip

Eagle Ford Shale• Apply techniques to characterize the Lower and Upper

Eagle Ford reservoirs such as• Paleogeographic and tectonic setting• Sedimentology• Sequence Stratigraphy• Geochemistry• Petrophysics• Seismic and Geomechanics• Fractures

• Relate geology to production



Experts: Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, Alfred Lacazette, Catalina Luneburg, Tanya Inks

The Marcellus Shale play holds ?% of the currently recoverable unconventional resources in the United States. The geological history of the source rocks created fracture sets from a previous deformation episode that coincidentally parallel to the current stress tensors in the basin. The fractures, which are important for production, were initially formed by natural hydraulic fracturing, providing a vivid modern example of how the interaction of stress, fluid pressure, and rock mechanical properties can create fluid pathways necessary for migration (paleo geology) and production (present day geology). This course provides a geologic overview of the formation of the basin, the deformation history, timing of source rock development, and hydrocarbon migration to lay the foundation for optimal approaches for unconventional oil and gas exploitation.

• Examples of fractures in Marcellus rock outcrops

• Discussion of stimulation results/effectiveness

• Focus is on understanding the basin history to predict resource potential

• Andersonian stress states and faults• Fault and fracture nomenclature• Fractures formed in tension• Compressional fractures• Joint formation• Relationship of fractures to structure• Strain accommodation by fractures• Wellbore stability in deformed and fractured

rocks• Hydraulic fracture stimulation and natural

fracture interaction

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Basin to nanoscale core workshop using sedimentological, stratigraphical, geochemical and petrophysical techniques to characterizes shale oil/gas plays: Examples from different shale plays: e.g., Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Pearsall, Bakken, Wolfcamp and others. This core workshop may be 2 to 5 days in Austin, Houston or company offices.

• Core workshop• Examine cores from Eagle Ford, Haynesville, Bossier, Bakken, Barnett, Wolfcamp and others• Apply techniques to characterize the mudrock reservoirs such as• Paleogeographic and tectonic setting• Sedimentology• Sequence Stratigraphy• Geochemistry• Petrophysics• Seismic and Geomechanics• Fractures


• The core workshop exceeds module length – see under Specialty Courses

VIII. UN

CO

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PICS: 6. C

ase Studies

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IX. GEO

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VII. IX. GEOSTATISTICS/GEOMODELING

Geomodeling is integral to a successful business strategy in many hydrocarbon reservoirs and Geostatistics is the mathematical engine of spatial data analysis and geomodeling.

INHOUSE TRAININGModular Training Client Data TrainingFoundation ProgramSpecialty Courses

COACHING/CONSULTING

EXPERTSDavid Garner...and others

Specialty Courses

Subsurface Data Analysis, Geomodeling and

Geostatistics (5 days) by David Garner

Subsurface Data Analysis, Geomodeling and

Geostatistics (3 days) by David Garner

Geostatistics foundationGeomodeling methodsSubsurface workflowsGeostatistical estimationGeostatistial facies simulationEstimation, kriging, and stochastic simulation Multi-variate analysis

TOPICS

SERVICES

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Experts: David Garner, TBD

• Generalized workflow guidelines• Background for exploratory data analysis• Regionalized variables• Univariate statistics-measures of position, shape, spread, box plots• Bivariate Statistics, Normal Score transform, Facies Proportions• Quantifying spatial variability through Variography; Theory, Practice, Tips

IX. GEO

MO

DELIN

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EOSTATISTIC

S: 1. Geom

odeling Fundamentals

Geomodeling FundamentalsModule 1

Basic Module Mod_BM_1.1

Geomodeling Fundamentals:Module 2


Geomodeling today is integral to a successful business strategy in manyhydrocarbon reservoirs. The sub-surface team uses the Geomodel torender the geologic interpretation into a digital format suitable for input toreservoir simulation software, well planning, uncertainty analysis,volumetrics, and a variety of decision making processes. A key goal inthe Geomodeling practice is to provide an image of reservoirheterogeneities critical to better understanding the physical hydrocarbonextraction processes and resource. Geomodels help reveal the impact ofthe various reservoir multi-scale features on dynamic behavior.

Geomodeling FundamentalsModules 1-4

Basic

Overview of Geostatistics:Context, terminology and essential statistics for a foundation

Geomodeling and the multi-disciplinary team

Overview of Geostatistics:Estimation, kriging, and stochastic simulation methods as

grounding in techniques

• Estimation techniques for 2D mapping and 3D models• Kriging theory: simple, ordinary, and by hand with a variogram model;• Kriging weights, Cross validation, stationarity• Simulations of continuous variables, trend models• Facies Simulations methods-algorithm overviews, strengths, weaknesses• Transition Probabilities

Geomodeling FundamentalsModule 3


Geomodeling Fundamentals:Module 4


Generalized subsurface workflows and practice

Generalized subsurface workflows and practice

• Hierarchical Methodology• Structural/Stratigraphic Framework; Gridding;• Facies and Petrophyiscal Preparation, quality and issues; Electrofacies; • 1D to 3D Facies Proportions workflows, trends and seismic integration• Property modeling topics: trends, measurement scale, percolation, volumetrics

and best practices; Checking results; Examples

• Upscaling and Downscaling Methods; unique variables, issues• Post Processing and Uncertainty; Decision Making and Reservoir Management; • Volumetric uncertainty, bias and accuracy; • Net Pay, Local Connectivity, Ranking; Well placement; • Proxies for Direct Performance Prediction: Physical, Statistical, from 3D models to 2D map resource areas; • Statistical Play Forecasting & Mapping

The course subjects cover a broad scope of geomodeling applicable to offshore, onshore mature,unconventional and oilsands reservoirs. The course intent is to provide grounding in geomodelingthought process, and to place high level topics into their basic integrated context. By the end of thecourse, each topic will have been defined and discussed and related to general workflows withexamples. Additional reading material will be listed in the notes..

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MODULES MAP


Module = ½ day trainingG

eom

odel

ing

Basic Modules Advanced Modules Applied ModulesG

eost

atis

tics

Geomod.Fundam. 1 Context,Terminology& Essent Stat

Geomod.Fundam. 3 Generaliz. SubsurfaceWorkflows

Geomod. Fundam. 4 Generaliz. SubsurfaceWorkflows

Geomod. Fundam. 2 Estimation/

Kriging Stoch.Simul



Geostat. Intro. 1

Essential statistic and terminology

Geostat. Intro. 3

Geostatis-tical

Simulation

Geostat. Intro. 4Facies

Simulations

Geostat. Intro. 2

Geostatis-tical

Estimation



Geo

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at.

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IX. GEO

STATISTICS/G

EOM

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ELING

: 2. Geostatistics Introduction

Geostatistics IntroductionModule 1

Basic Module Stat_BM_2.1

Geostatistics Introduction:Module 2


Geostatistics IntroductionModules 1-4

Basic

Geostatistics IntroductionModule 3


Geostatistics Introduction:Module 4


Geostatistics is the mathematical engine of spatial data analysis and geomodeling. Spatial data used by subsurface teams in the hydrocarbon industry is information with a location, i.e., data with coordinates. Dominant uses of geostatistics in the industry are mapping, integrating diverse variables, building geomodels, and resource evaluation. Uncertainty is a fundamental topic because the applications are stochastic and the data provide a sparse or imprecise sampling of reservoirs. Geostatistical theory and current best practices are explained along with a variety of practical tips. Uses of probabilistic results are illustrated and discussed. Context for the subsurface team is given to improve communication across disciplines. Gaps in commercial software are noted.

Essential statistics and terminology• Regionalized Variables: Data Types, definitions• Univariate Statistics: Measures of position, spread, and shape; proportions, stationarity,

proportional effect• Box plots, Q-Q plots• Bivariate Statistics: Covariance and correlation• Quantifying Variability/Spatial Continuity: Variograms- experimental, anisotropy; hand

calculations; variogram maps; Behaviour and Tips• Variogram Models: illustrations; nested, issues, fitting tips and tricks

Purpose: Background for exploratory data analysisand preparing for mapping and modeling.

Geostatistical Estimation

• General estimation techniques • Kriging: simple and ordinary; Kriging by hand with a variogram model; Kriging weights, Cross

validation, stationarity• Multi-variate: Co-Kriging; collocated co-Kriging; Kriging with External Drift; • Trends in data: handling non-stationarity• Case examples with mapping• Geostatistical Depth conversion introduction

• Simulation versus Estimation concepts • Conditional Simulation; random walk and search neighbourhood• Sequential Gaussian Simulation processes• Trends and secondary data • Post-processing topics: probabilities and uncertainty; volumetrics• Checking results

Simulation

Facies Simulations

• Facies inputs: Visual versus Electrofacies; scale and checking• Stochastic Methods summary • Stratigraphic coordinate systems, • Facies trend modeling: 1D to 3D proportions; integration of seismic attributes• Object methods-summary• Pixel methods: Illustration of algorithms for Truncated Gaussian, Sequential Indicator simulation,

Multiple Point Statistics, Truncated Pluri-Gaussian• Post-processing and checking results: summarizing uncertainty, probabilities, volumetrics,


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Lecture Based Training

Overview of Theory and Practic

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IX. GEO

STATISTICS/G

EOM

OD

ELING

: 2. Geostatistics Fundam

entals

Petroleum Geostatistics Modules 1 & 2

Advanced Module PStat_AM_3.1 -3.2

Petroleum GeostatisticsModules 3 & 4


Geostatistics FundamentalsModules 1-8

Advanced





Geostatistics is the mathematical engine of spatial data analysis and geomodeling. Spatial data used by subsurface teams in the hydrocarbon industry is information with a location, i.e., data with coordinates. Dominant uses of geostatistics in the industry are mapping, integrating diverse variables, building geomodels, and resource evaluation. Uncertainty is a fundamental topic because the applications are stochastic and the data provide a sparse or imprecise sampling of reservoirs. Geostatistical basic theory and best practices are explained along with a variety of practical tips. Uses of probabilistic results are illustrated and discussed. Context for the subsurface team is given to improve communication across disciplines. Gaps in commercial software are noted.

Essential statistics and terminology

• Theory of Regionalized Variables and stationarity: Data Types, definitions• Univariate Statistics: Measures of position, spread, and shape;Box plots, Facies proportions• Bivariate Statistics: Covariance, correlation, Q-Q plots, Normal score transforms, Principal components

• Experimental variograms: hand calculations, anisotropy, variogram maps, behaviour, sensitivity to outliers• Model variograms: Terminology, illustrations of structures, nesting, anisotropy, issues of trends; calculation,

fitting tips, tricks, impact of choices

1.1 Background for exploratory data analysis and preparing for mapping and modeling

Geostatistical Estimation• General estimation techniques • Kriging: simple and ordinary; Kriging by hand with a variogram model; Kriging weights, Cross

validation, stationarity assumptions; Anisotropy, Block Kriging, support (scaling) effect

• Multi-variate: Co-Kriging; collocated co-Kriging• Trends in data: handling non-stationarity, Kriging with External Drifts-Universal Kriging• Introduction to Geostatistical Depth conversion

• Simulation versus Estimation concepts, purpose and comparisons• Conditional Simulation methods; random walk and search neighbourhoods• Sequential Gaussian Simulation type processes

• Calculating probabilities, volumetrics with constraints, uncertainty assessment over polygons or pads, ranking• Simulation with trends, univariate and secondary data, e.g. seismic attributes; • Checking results practices

Geostatistical Simulation

Facies Simulations

• Facies inputs: Visual versus Electrofacies; scale, petrophysical consistency, transition probabilities• Stratigraphic versus structural coordinate systems• Facies trend modeling 1D to 3D, Integration workflows using Seismic data for facies proportions

• Object methods-brief summary• Pixel- four methods: Illustration and application of algorithms for Truncated Gaussian (TG), Truncated Pluri-Gaussian (PGS),

Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS), Multiple Point Statistics (MPS) • Post-processing topics and checking results: summarizing uncertainty, probabilities, volumetrics, ranking and choosing, entropy


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1.2 Quantifying spatial variability/continuity through Variography

1.3 Estimation techniques for 2D mapping and 3D models

1.4 Multivariate estimation

1.5 Introduction to stochastic simulation theory and practice for continuous variables

1.6 Post-processing and uncertainty management topics

1.7 Preparation for Facies-type simulations

1.8 Stochastic Facies Simulation Methods Overview and Practice

Lecture Based TrainingOverview of Theory and Practice Combined with Computer Based Training Toolkit: Isatis by GeovariancesHands-on exercises to advance the theory and practical learnings. Learnings are transferable to geomodeling software packages.

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“Our combined expertise and our commitment to work together as a

team for the best possible results is– WHAT SETS US APART”

All experts are hand-picked for their technical expertise, industry and teaching experience with strong academic backgrounds and many years of first hand Oil and Gas industry experience .

OUR EXPERTSO

UR

EXPERTS

Catalina Luneburg is the owner and director of TerraEx Group LLC and responsible for the new services model as well as daily operations. She is a recognized Structural Geology expert in the validation of a variety of basins and petroleum systems worldwide, Structural Geology modeling, cross section balancing and 2D/3D time-step restorations as well as HC reserve estimates, 3D framework building and fracture prediction analyses. After many years in academics, Luneburg worked at GeoLogic Systems, Midland Valley and Halliburton as a Product Manager and Senior Scientist for industry projects and geomodelling workflows. Dr. Luneburg holds a doctorate in Natural Sciences from the Swiss Fed. Inst. of Tech. in Zurich, Switzerland, and a master’s degree (Diploma) in Geology/Paleont. from the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany. She has published extensively in her field including several books, and has authored a number of patents. She is fluent in English, German, and Spanish, and proficient in French and Italian.

Catalina Luneburg, PhD President

Structural Analysis/ModelingStructural RestorationsFracture Analysis

Jim Granath is a consulting structural geologistbased in the Denver, Colorado, area. He holds his PhD from Monash University,Australia,

and a BS and MS from of University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. He specializes in structural analysis at all scales, hard and soft rock: traditional techniques as well as modern cross section construction/ restoration, seismic interpretation; tectonics, and regional geological synthesis. Current research interests include intraplate block faulted terrains, both extensional and compressional, regional tectonics of Africa, and Kurdistan thrust belt. He had 18 years of industry experience in a major in research, exploration and new ventures roles before opening his consulting practice in 1999. He is on the Graduate Faculty of the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. He has worked on projects in 40 countries, and is the author of numerous research papers and multiauthor compendia.

Jim Granath, PhD Associated

Expert

Sructural AnalysisExtensional/CompressionalPetroleum Play Analysis

Structural Geology

Bob received his PhD in structural geology from the University of Colorado in 1992 and has BS and MS degrees in geology from Wayne State University. He was one of the first employees of Geo-Logic Systems Inc., in charge of worldwide consulting projects and GeoSec implementation. As Assistant Director of the CogniSeis Development Boulder Center he was responsible for technical content and marketing of GeoSec, GeoSec3D, and GeoStrat software. Bob rejoined GLS in 1998 as Director of Product Development, overseeing initiation and development of the widely-used LithoTect structural analysis software. He continued in that role as Product Manager for Landmark, retiring in 2014 to pursue independent consulting and research. Dr. Ratliff has lectured worldwide on the geometry, kinematics, and interpretation of rock deformation, and has been an instructor for the AAPG Workstation Interpretation of Structural Styles course as well as the Nautilus Seismic Interpretation Field Seminar.

Bob Ratliff, PhD Associated

Expert

Structural restorationsCross section balancingLihtoTect expert

Structural Validation

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John has a BA from Rutgers, an MA from UnivMissouri and a Ph.D. in structure/tectonics from S.U.N.Y. He spent 30 years with Shell followed by 5 years with Maersk Oil and 2 years with Repsol. He held positions in play development and prospect evaluation, regional teams, deepwater exploration, merger and acquisition and for 10 years was a senior advisor in Quality Assurance overseeing rigor in structural interpretation. He worked in rifts, passive margins, fold belts and turbidites in over 25 basins worldwide. High points in his career include the first regional synthesis of the Dutch North Sea tectonics, groundbreaking work on Gulf of Mexico salt tectonics and deepwater exploration leading to world class discoveries in Nigeria. His current focus is on the complex subject of seal evaluation - how to risk seal and consider potential column height - which he sees as the weakest links in many exploration projects.

John Karlo, PhD

Seal evaluationDeepwater explorationRisk Assessment

OU

R EXPER

TS

Dr. Ursula Hammes obtained her Diploma in Geology from the University of Erlangen in Germany in and her PhD from CU Boulder (1992). Dr. Hammes worked at BEG and University of Potsdam, Germany, as a Research Scientist and currently teaches at Texas A&M University as Halbouty Visiting Chair. Since 2017 she has been consulting for oil and gas companies and teaching classes in evaluation of shale oil/gas plays. Her main research focus is in shale-gas/oil systems specializing in basin to nano-scale characterization of shale basins. Research interests/specialties include clastic and carbonate sequence stratigraphy, analyses of depositional systems, and carbonate and clastic diagenesis. She has published more than 200 papers, 400 abstracts, and served as AAPG Bulleting Editor, session chair, GCSSEPM President and instructor.

Ursula Hammes, PhD Associated

Expert

Sedimentology/stratigraphyReservoir characterizationUnconvent. Shale Analysis

Dr. Flaig earned his BS and MS at Universityof Wisconsin and his PhD at the University of Alaska. He is a clastic sedimentologist/ stratigrapher specializing in outcrop to subsurface investigations of ancient fluvial, deltaic, and shallow marine depositional systems that act as petroleum reservoirs or serve as reservoir analogues. Dr. Flaig combines classic sedimentologic techniques with detailed ichnology, paleopedology, high-resolution image capture (GigaPan, drone photogrammetry, LiDAR), and core-sample analysis to identify depositional systems and provide industry with an estimate of facies and architectural element distribution. His research focus is identifying the relative controls on sedimentation style including tides, waves, river floods, discharge variability, accommodation, and fluctuating base level to predict sandbody-shale geometries, stratal stacking, and reservoir quality. He has led numerous industry field courses to outcrops of ancient paralic reservoir analogues.

Peter Flaig, PhD Associated

Expert

Fluvial-Deltaic-Shallow Marine Reservoir Characterization Ichnology and Paleopedology

Depositional Systems

Mark received a B.S. in biology from Caltech,an M.S. in geology from UC, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in structural geology from CU Boulder (1991). Early on, he worked for Sohio Petroleum Co., Geo-Logic Systems and Alastair Beach Associates, Glasgow, Scotland. He returned to CU Boulder before founding his own company in 1998, where he consults and teaches for the petroleum industry worldwide and conducts research sponsored by industry. Although his background includes many types of tectonic environments, his primary research and consulting interests are focused on styles and kinematics of salt tectonics, the processes of salt-sediment interaction, the architecture and evolution of passive margins, and the applications to petroleum exploration. He is the author or coauthor of over 80 papers and 170 abstracts, is the regular instructor for AAPG’s Salt Tectonics school, and has been an AAPG Distinguished Lecturer International Distinguished Instructor

Mark Rowan, PhD

Salt TectonicsSalt styles/kinematicsPassive Margins evolution

Steve holds a PhD in structural geology from Johns Hopkins University (under David Elliott) and a BS in geology from Bucknell University (under Richard Nickelsen). His early studies exposed him to Appalachian and Alberta fold-&-thrust belt geology. Steve has 40 years of academic and exploration experience in compressional and extensional provinces, as an exploration geologist in the Rocky Mountains for ARCO, SOHIO and a thrust-belt development geologist with AMOCO - also Basin & Range extensional province, Rocky Mountain foreland basement-involved terranes and seismic interpretation on the Alaskan North Slope. His interests included cross-section balancing, 3D geometry of fold-thrust systems and kinematic evolution of thrust belts, with implications for fluid flow and HC generation/migration. With Nick Woodward and John Suppe he worked on a cross-section construction and balancing course. Currently he is interested in “sub-resolution” strain and implications for cross-section balancing.

Steven Boyer, PhD Associated

Expert

Structural InterpretationEvolution fold/thrust beltsCompressional HC systems

Salt Tectonics

Seal Evaluation

Sediment./Stratigraphy

Associated Expert

Associated Expert

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OU

R EXPER

TS

Amy earned an undergraduate degree in Geology from the University of New Hampshire and a PhD in Geophysics from Stanford University. At Stanford she was part of Dr. Mark Zoback’s geomechanics research group. She consults in geomechanics for the oil and gas industry since 1998, starting her career with GeoMechanics International (GMI) in Palo Alto, California. After Baker Hughes acquired GMI in 2008, Amy became a manager of technical training and development. In 2011 she returned to operations and moved from the U.S. to Canada. From 2012 to 2015 Amy started and directed a geomechanics consulting group for a small Canadian service company. Now she runs Enlighten Geoscience Ltd., addressing a variety of geomechanicsissues for a wide range of clients. Amy has authored or co-authored many articles, given dozens of talks, volunteers for professional organizations and promotes understanding and application of geomechanics discipline..

Amy Fox, PhD Associated

Expert

Geomechanics, insitu stressWellbore and fault stabilityInduced seismicity

Sherilyn Williams-Stroud, PhD Associated

Expert

Fractured reservoirsMicroseismic, mechanicsStress/strain analysis

Sherilyn is a consulting geologist based in southern California. Her areas of expertise include fracture modeling, structural restoration, reservoir stress/strain analysis,and rock fracture mechanics with applications to HC explo-ration and production in conventional and unconventional resources. She received her MA and PhD from Johns Hopkins University and her BA from Oberlin College. Her over 25 years experience in government and industry includes research and technical support in exploration/production of major oil companies, as well as consulting services to operators world-wide while employed at Midland Valley and MicroSeismic Inc. In addition to industry short courses, she taught geology at Univ. of Houston and is a former full-time faculty of Whittier College. She has significant expertise interpreting and utilizing micro-seismic data, and is the co-author of a patented methodology to integrate microseismic data into geologic interpretations for fracture modeling of microseismic results for use in reservoir simulation.

Geomechanics/Microseis.

Tanya Inks received B.S. and M.S. degrees in

geophysical engineering from Colorado School of Mines. Since 1993, she provides

integrated geophysical and geologic consulting services in Denver, Colorado. Her recent

projects included the unconventional Marcellus and Niobrara plays. Previous experience

included work for Vector Interpretation Services, Mobil Expl. US Inc, in the Rocky Mountain

and Gulf of Mexico. In addition to Appalachian and DJ Basin, she has contributed expertise

to exploration and field development in complex areas, such as Bearpaw uplift and

Disturbed Belt, Montana, The Greater Green River, Wind River and Big Horn Basins, WY,

Uinta Basin, UT, North Slope of Alaska, Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins, CA, Arkoma

Basin, OK, as well as international projects onshore Trinidad, Columbia’s thrust belt, Chile’s

Fell Block and Venezuela’s thrust belt. She is member of SEG, AAPG, DGS, and RMAG and

a Certified Petroleum Geophysicist.

Tanya Inks, MsC

Seismic interpretation(un)conventional Play Analys.Seismic attributes/anisotropy

Katie-Joe McDonough, PhD., is a geological/geophysical consultant specializing in

sequence stratigraphic and seismic interpretation. She began her career as a geophysicist

with Exxon USA in Denver and earned her Ph.D. at Colorado School of Mines (1997)

working the seismic-scale carbonate outcrops in the Southern Alps. Her areas of expertise

in sedimentology/depositional systems form the foundation of her work in stratigraphic

basin analysis, exploration play assessment and reservoir-scale development. Dr.

McDonough launched her consulting practice in 1995 and has worked continental to deep

marine strata in conventional and unconventional plays in North and South America,

East/West Africa, Europe, Indonesia and the Arctic. She is an active member of AAPG, DIPS,

DGS, RMAG, SEPM-RMS and SEG. Dr. McDonough has also served as adjunct at Colorado

School of Mines, and currently serves as industry mentor to RMAG YPs and to CSM

graduate students.

Katie-Joe McDonough, PhDAssociated

Expert

Sequence stratigraphy Stratigraphic basin analysis E&P play assessment



Associated Expert

Associated Expert

Alfred Lacazette received his PhD in Geoscience from Penn State, where he studied with Terry Engelder. Al’s PhD work focused on natural hydraulic fracturing of tight gas sandstones and gas shales. His PhD work resulted in publication (with Terry Engelder) of the first papers on the mechanics of natural hydraulic fracturing by poroelastic effects, which have become the basis for understanding catagenic fracturing in gas shales. Al has worked for both operating companies and service companies in exploration, exploitation, and technology research & development roles. His work and publications have focused on seismic-to-borehole-scale structural interpretation; fractured reservoir exploration, development, and simulation; chemical and mechanical interplays of fluid-rock interaction; outcrop analog studies of fractured reservoirs; borehole imaging; and the reservoir-scale structural geology of unconventional reservoirs and passive seismic imaging of induced and natural subsurface fracture networks.

Alfred Lacazette, PhDAssociated

Expert

Fractured reservoirsFluid /rock interactionBorehole imaging

Fracture Analysis

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Afshin is a basin modeler and org. geochemist with more than 15 years experience. His educational background is in petroleum and mining exploration, and organic geochemistry. He developed new ideas and technologies which led to publishing several papers and two patents. Afshin worked 8 yrs for the Research Inst. of Petrol. Ind. (RIPI) as product manager of the Basin Modeling software development team. He has experience in modeling conventional and unconventional basins in Europe and Arabian plate. He instructed lectures, presentations and training for communities, companies and universities, including Polytechnic Tehran Univ, Nat. Iranian Oil, RIPI, POGC, Canada’s Energy Geosc.. He is a member of AAPG, HGC, HOGC, SPE, and APPIH. His research interests are: organic geochem., basin modeling, software development, applications of new mathematical and statistical methods in petroleum and unconventional resources exploration.

Afshin Fathi, PhD

Basin ModelingOrganic geochemistryPetroleum Systems

OU

R EXPER

TS

Dr. Alexei V. Milkov is Full Professor andDirector of Potential Gas Agency at Colorado School of Mines and a consultant to oil & gas industry. After receiving PhD from Texas A&M University, he worked for BP, Sasol and Murphy Oil as geoscientist and senior manager. He explored for conventional and uncon-ventional oil and gas in >30 basins on six continents and participated in the discovery of >4 Billion BOE of petroleum resources. He also worked on several appraisal and production projects. Dr. Milkov has deep expertise in oil and gas geochemistry, petroleum systems modeling, exploration risk analysis, resource assessments and portfolio management. He published ~50 peer-reviewed articles. Dr.Milkov received several industry awards including J.C. “Cam” Sproule Memorial Award from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) for the best contribution to petroleum geology and Pieter Schenck Award from the European Association of Organic Geochemists (EAOG) for a major contribution to organic geochemistry

Alexei Milkov, PhDAssociated

Expert

Petroleum System ModelingOil & gas geochemistryexploration risk analysis

Geostatistics/Geomod.

Dr. Margaret A. Lessenger is a petrophysicist with over 30 years broad experience in petroleum geology, petrophysics and geophysics. She has a proven track record of solving difficult petroleum exploration and production problems using creative and innovative approaches based on sound scientific and engineering principles. Dr. Lessenger specializes in unconventional resource petrophysics, integrated petrophysical data analytics, basin-scale and high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, and sedimentology. She has worked for the Superior Oil Company, ARCO Oil and Gas, Platte River Associates, the Colorado School of Mines Department of Geology, Williams Exploration, and Newfield Exploration. Lessenger holds a BS in Geophysical Engineering, MS in Geophysics, and PhD in Geology from the Colorado School of Mines. She is a member of SPWLA, AAPG, SPE and SCA.

Margaret Lessenger, PhD

Applied petrophysicsUnconventional reservoirsSequence stratigraphy

Petrophysics

Basin Analysis/Pet. Sys.

Associated Expert

Associated Expert

David Garner has over 30 years of technical industry experience with over 20 years in applied geostatistical studies in petroleum and mining. He has published and presented over 25 papers. Currently, he is an applied geostatistician/geomodeler, trainer and an associate of Geovariances in Fontainebleau, France. Previously Mr. Garner held positions in Halliburton as Chief Scientist, as Specialist in Statoil’s Heavy Oil Tech. Centre, as Senior Advisor for Chevron Canada Res., and Reservoir Charact. Specialist at ConocoPhillips Ca. He was president of TerraMod Consulting for 6 years applying geostatistics and geomodeling techniques. Mr. Garner currently serves as co-chair for CSPG Geomod. Tech. Div. committee and is convener for the upcoming Gussow conference. He was co-editor of the special edition BCPG on Geomodeling Advances and CSPG Memoir 20. Mr Garner is registered as a Professional Geophysicist (P.Geoph) through APEGA, M.S. Geophysics from Cornell, B.S from Washington and Lee

David Garner, MsCAssociated

Expert

Applied GeostatisticsApplied GeomodelingReservoir Characterization

• The featured experts represent the core team of TerraEx Group responsible for development and quality of subject matter content.

• We also work with a large network of experts for specific courses and projects.

Documents

TerraEx Group Catalog 2019 · 2019. 6. 8. · Intrduction to Basin Modeling/ Pet.System Analysis Applied Basin Modeling Basin Analysis Funda-mentals of Basin ... Facies Simulations