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Terrorism Violence & threats to intimidate groups or
government Mostly organized groups
Ex: Al Qaeda and The Taliban
Reasons Reasons for terrorist attacks:
Religion Race Political Change To eliminate opposition
Think About It: What might be some other reasons for terrorists to attack?
Examples Hijackings Kidnappings Bombings Random civilian killings
History Religious roots in Middle East
Examples of Groups: Sicari Zealots Thagee
Each killed random people for either money, or for “gods”
Sicari Dagger
History (contd) Got the name “terrorism” in the French
Revolution (“Reign of Terror”) Revolution leader murdered over 40,000 citizens Can also trigger big events
Ex: Assassination of Austrian Leader Ferdinand to start World War I
New Terrorism Vs. Old Terrorism
• Focus on killing innocent civilians to make a point
• Use hijackings, assassinations, and suicide bombs
• Attack for political change, or those who don’t follow their beliefs
• Rarely mass murdered
• Focused on material damage, not lives
• Only used occasional threats and simple acts of violence
•Ruthless in attacks and hatred of specific targets
•Older groups have developed, but still have same goals and ideas
Modern Terrorism Why They Do It
Do it to overthrow national governments make national or global statements Remove forces from country Remove ways of life from country
Also have new targets Used to target buildings: now target humans as well as buildings
Think About It: Why do you think the terrorists have changed over the years?
Reasons For New Terrorism Promote fear and danger of group Make known group’s dominance in politics
and religion, especially Islamics
The Middle East Why it has become “terrorist center of the
world” Close ties, originated there millions of years ago Former/newer attacks assosciated with it
Think About It: What are some other possible reasons why the Middle East is still rooted with terrorism? What is an example of a deadly modern day group located there now?
Middle East Countries/people involved:
Iraq Iran Libya Syria Al Qaeda Osama bin Laden
Major Terrorist GroupsNational Liberation Army
Columbia
1965
Goal- replace government with Marxist regime
3000- 6000 members
Irish Republican Army
Ireland
1969
Goal- remove British forces from Northern Ireland and unify Ireland
Several hundred members: thousands of sympathizers
Peru’s Shining Path
Peru
1960’s
Goal- Replace current democratic government with communist rule
100- 200 armed members
Osama bin Laden
OSAMA BIN LADEN
Born in Saudi Arabia in 1959
Son of a rich businessman; part of very wealthy/ influential family
Soon financed and became leader of Al Qaeda
Al Qaeda:
Public statements showed religious extremismHate for existing
Arab regimes
Hostility for U.S. dominance
On FBI Top Ten Most Wanted list
Al Qaeda Formed by bin Laden in late 1980’s
Based in Afghanistan Several hundred to thousand members Goal- overthrow “non-Islamics” and eliminate
western influence from Muslim countries
Al Qaeda Some famous global attacks
U.S. embassy bombing in Africa on August 7, 1998
Truck bomb exploding under World Trade Center in 1993
Al Qaeda New Al Qaeda terrorist movement has:
Cause Network Not confined to one country Very willing to commit suicide
Al Qaeda Al Qaeda factors of terrorism
Unofficial character claiming to be “upsurge of public opinion
Belief that violent acts on public figures will influence politics
Involved in attacking innocent civilians Underestimated disgust of ordinary people
9/11 Terrorism Attacks Carried out by Al Qaeda
Linked to Afghanistan; global threat
Led by Osama bin Laden Mastermind behind all attacks on Sept. 11
9/11 Terrorism Attacks Four American planes hijacked on morning
of Sept. 11, 2001 19 Al Qaeda member
WTC 2 collapsed 56 min. after crash WTC 1 after 102 min. of burning
Think About It: Why do you think the Al Qaeda terrorists chose to attack the World Trade Center and Pentagon? Where else could they have targeted?
9/11 Terrorism Attacks Other plane crashes:
One in Pentagon 184 deaths
One in Shanksville, PA Passengers on plane purposely crash into ground
once determined to be hijacked
9/11 Terrorism Attacks Almost 3000 died
Every passenger on all four flights died 2752 died in WTC buildings in NYC 184 died in Pentagon in VA 40 die in plane crash in PA
9/11 Terrorism Attacks After crashes:
Government issued “ War on Terrorism” Leads to invasion of Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban Then leads to invasion of Iraq, though no clear evidence to
connection with Al Qaeda Government agencies created: Department of Homeland
Security 22 other gov. agencies created TSA - Transportation Security Administration
Future of Terrorism Terrorist could obtain Nuclear bombs in near
future To make nuclear weapons terrorist only need
students to construct product Example of destruction: if a bomb the size of
a truck was put under WTC and went off could destroy lower Manhattan
As time goes on price may drop an easier-to-makes bombs could appear
Future of Terrorism Estimated terrorist could make a nuke for 100
million $ with somewhat small quantity of enriched uranium or pollution
Effects of nuclear weapons Weak big countries by bombing major cities, NYC,WDC Critically damage small countries Many countries are over protective about Nuclear
weapons, and act quickly
Think about it: What do you think could be some ways future terrorist could use these nuclear weapons?
Recent Attacks December 25, 2009 Plane bound for Detroit
Man-made bomb in pants Suffered severe burns
Went off: not as planned
After WWII and cold war many agreed to end biological and chemical weapon manufacturing
Types of future chemical warfare Chlorine gas Mustard gas Sarin Tabun
Types of future biological warfare The plague Q fever Small pox
Biological and Chemical Warfare
BIG QUESTION!
How do you think terrorism attacks like 9/11 have affected today’s world? How do you think we can stop attacks like this in the future?
VIDEO This video shows the horror of the 9/11
attacks and the falling of the Twin Towers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kv4s3fn8jDc