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Question No 16:

As a Resident Engineer supervising a construction work, how do you monitor and control a

project? (40 marks)

Monitoring and controlling are processes required to track, review and regulate the progress and

performance of the project.

By monitoring and controlling the project performance is observed and measured regularly and

consistently to identify variances from the project management plan

To monitor Project Objectives & “Triple Constraints” :

• Performance – to complete scopes of the project

• Time

• Cost

• And Quality

Monitoring – collecting , measuring & distributing performance information . Assessing measurement &

trends for process improvement

Controlling– determine corrective or preventive action or preplanning & following up actions to resolve

performance issue (to align with the expected project performance)

Monitoring & Control Project Work Process is concerned with:

Comparing actual project performance vs the PMP

Assessing performance – any corrective/ preventive action need to be done

4 marks

4 aspects of project to be monitored and controlled

1) Performance- Scope Control

Monitoring status of the project and managing changes to work program

Activities:

• Work performance measurements – variance analysis

• Change requests – need client approval. Avoid implementing unapproved changes.

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• Project Management Plan (Programs) updates with all approved changes

• Project document updates – updating drawings due to changes done

Outputs:

• Work performance measurements

• Change requests

• Project management plans

• Projects documents updates

8 marks

2) Time- schedule

• Technical difficulties take longer than planned to solve

• Initial time estimate is not enough

• Task sequencing is incorrect – incorrect timing

• Required inputs of matl, personnel, machineries are unavailable when needed – idling & wasting

of time – require extra time

• Client want changes and need rework

• New Government regulation

Monitoring status of the project to update project progress and managing changes to the schedule

baseline

Activities:

• Work performance measurements

• Change requests – thru approved process

• Project Management plan updates

• Project document updates

Outputs:

• Work performance measurements

• Change requests

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• Project management plans

• Projects documents updates

Cost:-aspects that may increase project cost!

• Technical difficulties requires more resources

• Scope of work increase - VO

• Tender price too low -

• Reporting is poor or untimely

• Budgeting is inadequate – working capital is not enough !

• Price of materials increase

8 marks

3. Control Costs

Monitoring and controlling status of the project - update the project budget - managing changes to the

cost baseline

Activities

• Ensuring all change requests - approved by the client - do not proceed unapproved changes –

inform client all cost implication on changes made

• Ensuring that cost expenditure do not exceed permissible values

• Monitoring cost performance, understand variance – check std or previous projects

• Monitoring work completed against expenditure – compare cost between cost in BQ to actual

cost spent !

• Taking action to ensure cost overrun within acceptable limit

Outputs:

• Work performance measurements – check progress report

• Budget forecasts & actual expenditure

• Change requests

• Project management plans

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- cost performance baseline & cost

management plan

• Projects documents updates

8 marks

4) Quality Control

• Quality ?

• Quality Control – depends upon the control of construction itself

• Quality of finished product is responsibilities of Designer (Consultants) and Contractors

• Responsibilities of all participants – RE, COW, Supervisors, Skilled Workers, Workers - right

attitude - let them proud with their work !

• Good design + good materials & workmanship

= Quality product

Quality Control

• Inspection of work quality at every part of the work

• Selecting samples of matl to be used – sizes, appearances, testing the samples

• Testing materials and workmanship at every stage of construction to make sure the work meets

requirements of the drawings and specifications

• For big project – they have a Quality Control Officer

• Contractor to have A Program of Quality Control

• ISO 9000/9001

Monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and

recommend necessary changes

Activities:

• Perform Quality Control throughout the project

• Quality control = plan quality - perform quality control - perform quality assurance

• Identify causes of poor process – recommend and/or take action to eliminate them

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Quality Assurance = process of auditing the quality requirements based on results of the Quality Control

measurement to

ensure Quality Standard.

Perform Quality Control

Outputs

• Quality control measurement

• Validated changes

• Project Management plan updates

• Project document updates

8 marks

Monitoring and Controlling is done by:

• Progress Reports – reporting progress

• Site meetings – check & monitor progress, time, cost & quality

• Technical meetings

• Regular site visits by the project team to work sites

4 marks