test · hieroglyphica (1597), p. 5. C.G. Jung Coll. 26. The Fallen Adam as Prima Materia. "Miscellanea d'alchimia," MS Ashburnham 1166 (14th cent.). Medici Lib., Florence. 92

title:Alchemy:AnIntroductiontotheSymbolismandthePsychologyStudiesinJungianPsychology;5

author: Franz,Marie-Louisevon.publisher: InnerCityBooks

isbn10|asin: 091912304Xprintisbn13: 9780919123045ebookisbn13: 9780585147840

language: Englishsubject Alchemy.

publicationdate: 1980lcc: QD26.F7ebddc: 540/.1/12

subject: Alchemy.

Page1

Alchemy

Page2

Marie-LouisevonFranz,HonoraryPatron

StudiesinJungianPsychologybyJungianAnalysts

DarylSharp,GeneralEditor

Page3

AlchemyAnIntroductiontotheSymbolismandthePsychology

Marie-LouisevonFranz

Page4

CanadianCataloguinginPublicationData

Franz,Marie-Louisevon,1915-Alchemy

(StudiesinJungianPsychology;5)

Basedonaseriesoflecturesgivenin1959attheC.G.JungInstituteinZurich,Switzerland.IncludesIndex.

ISBN0-919123-04-X(pbk.)

1.Alchemy.2.Symbolism(Psychology)3.Dreams.4.Jung,C.G.(CarlGustav),1875-1961.I.Title.II.Series.

QD26.F73540'.1'12019C81-094010-8

Copyright©1980byMarie-LouisevonFranz.Allrightsreserved.

INNERCITYBOOKSBox1271,StationQ,Toronto,CanadaM4T2P4

HonoraryPatron:Marie-LouisevonFranz.PublisherandGeneralEditor:DarylSharp.EditorialBoard:FraserBoa,DarylSharp,MarionWoodman.

INNERCITYBOOKSisdevotedtothepublicationofStudiesinJungianPsychologybyJungianAnalysts.InquiriesregardingmanuscriptsmaybeaddressedtotheEditor.

Marie-LouisevonFranzisaJungianAnalystpractisinginKusnacht,Switzerland.

Cover:CrowneddragonasOuroboros,symbolofthealchemicalwork

asacircular,self-containedprocess.(SeeIllustration16)

SetinEnglishTimesbyAnnYeoman,Toronto.PrintedandboundinCanadabyUniversityofTorontoPressIncorporated

Page5

Contents

Acknowledgements 6

ListofIllustrationsandCredits 7

Lecture1.Introduction 13

Lecture2.GreekAlchemy 39

Lecture3.GreekAlchemy 65

Lecture4.Greek/ArabicAlchemy 93

Lecture5.ArabicAlchemy 125

Lecture6.ArabicAlchemy 155

Lecture7.Aururaconsurgens 177

Lecture8.Auroraconsurgens 207

Lecture9.Auroraconsurgens 241

Index 273

Pleaseseefinalpagesfor Catalogue

Page6

AcknowledgementsThisbookisbasedonthetranscriptionbyMissUnaThomasofthelectureseriespresentedbyDr.vonFranzattheC.G.JungInstitute,Zürich,in1959.TheauthorandpublisheraregratefultoMissThomasforherfaithfulpreparationoftheoriginalversion.ThetextinitspresentformwaseditedforpublicationbyDarylSharpandMarionWoodman.DarylSharpselectedtheillustrations,wrotethecaptions,andcompiledtheindex.

Thephilosophicaleggisbothbirthplaceof,andcontainerfor,thenewattitudessymbolisedbythealchemicalgoaloftheconiunctio,theunionofopposites(maleandfemale,consciousnessandtheunconscious,etc.).Herethatgoal

ispicturedashermaphroditeintriumphoverthedragonand

thewingedglobeofchaos,threateningfacesoftheunconscious.Thesevenplanetsrepresentdifferentaspectsof

thepersonalityandthesevenstagesoftransformation.Jamsthaler,Viatoriumspagyricum(1625).

Page7

ListofIllustrationsandCreditsCWreferstoCollectedWorksofC.G.Jung(BollingenSeriesXX),20vols.,transl.R.F.C.Hull,ed.H.Read,M.Fordham,G.Adler,Wm.McGuire,PrincetonU.P.,Princeton,1953-1979.

1.MountainoftheAdepts.Michelspacher,Cabala(1654).PhotoArchives,Marburg.

12

2.EagleasSymboloftheSpirit.HermaphroditischesSonn-undMondskind(1752),p.44.C.G.JungColl.(QuotefromMysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.673)

15

3.AlchemistandSororMystica.MutusLiber(1702),p.13,detail.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

20

4.GodtheFather.WilliamBlakewoodcutfromTheBookofJob(1825),p.2,detail.BritishMuseum.

28

5.ReleasingtheSpiritfromMatter.ThomasAquinas(pseud.),Dealchimia,CodexVossianus29(16thcent.).LeidenUniv.Lib.,fol.60a,detail.

37

6.AlchemistandAssistantbytheFurnace.Mutusliber(1702),p.11,detail.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

38

7.TheTail-EatingOuroboros.CodexMarcianus(11thcent.),Venice,fol.188v.

41

8.IsisSucklingHorus.FromE.A.WallisBudge,TheGodsoftheEgyptians,II,Dover,NewYork,1969,p.207.

45

9.PissingMannikin."Speculumveritatis,"CodexLatinus7286(17thcent.),fol.3,detail.VaticanLib.

49

10.TheTemptingofEve.Woodcutfromthe"Speculumhumanaesalvationis"(1470),inWorringer,DiealtdeutscheBuchillustration,Munich,1919.

51

11.TheConnectionBetweenInstinctandArchetype.OriginaldrawingbasedonJung'sremarksin"OntheNatureofthePsyche,"TheStructureandDynamicsofthePsyche,CW8,pars.417-420.

59

12.TheSunGodRawithhisAttributes.FromE.A.WallisBudge,TheGodsoftheEgyptians,II,Dover,NewYork,1969,p.7.

61

13.TheSeaofRenewalfromVirgin'sMilk.S.deStolcenberg,Viridariumchymicum(1624),fig.LXXXIII.PhotoJ.Jacobi.

63

Page8

14.CoronationofVirginMary.Rosariumphilosophorum(1550).C.G.JungColl.

64

15.TheSignoftheSecret.Mutusliber(1702),p.14,detail.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

67

16.TheOuroborosasCrownedDragonandWingedandWinglessSerpents.Eleazar,UralteschymischesWerk(1760),PartII,nos.4and3.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

70

17.DoubleLionwithSunDisc.FromE.A.WallisBudge,AmuletsandSuperstitions,Dover,NewYork,1978,p.134.

71

18.OsirisSproutingGrains.FromE.A.WallisBudge,Osiris,I,Dover,NewYork,1973,p.58.

73

19.AnubisAnointingOsiris.FromE.A.WallisBudge,Osiris,II,Dover,NewYork,1973,p.48.

74

20.TheResurrectionofOsiris.FromE.A.WallisBudge,Osiris,II,Dover,NewYork,1973,p.58.

74

21.AlchemicalLibraryandLaboratory.Maier,Tripusaureus(1618),titlepage.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

83

22.OsirisinCedarCoffin.FromE.A.WallisBudge,Osiris,I,Dover,NewYork,1973,p.5.

85

23.MercuriusinSealedVessel.Barchusen,Elementachemiae(1718),fig.75.Nat.Lib.,Paris.

86

24.CreationofAdamfromClay.Schedel,DasBuchderChroniken(1493),p.V.J.JacobiColl.

89

25.OuroborosasSymboloftheAeon.Horapollo,Selecta 91

hieroglyphica(1597),p.5.C.G.JungColl.

26.TheFallenAdamasPrimaMateria."Miscellanead'alchimia,"MSAshburnham1166(14thcent.).MediciLib.,Florence.

92

27.SpiderastheMaya.DamagedBrahminicvignette,inMueller,Glauben,WissenundKunstderaltenHindus,Pl.I,fig.91.

99

28.WaterofLifeBetweenSunandMoon.Barchusen,Elementachemiae(1718),fig.9.Nat.Lib.,Paris.

100

29.UnionofWaterandFIRE.Indianpainting,inMueller,Glauben,WissenundKunstderaltenHindus,Pl.II,fig.17.

103

30.LionDevouringtheSun.Rosariumphilosophorum(1550).C.G.JungColl.

105

Page9

31.HermesTrismegistuswithTablet.Senior,Dechemia,inMangetus,Bibliothecachemicacuriosa(1702).MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

110

32.VolatileSpiritasEagleandSwan.Mylius,Philosophiareformata(1622),p.126,fig.13.C.G.JungColl.

115

33.RoastingtheSalamander.TheBookofLambspring,I,inA.E.Waite(ed.andtransl.),TheHermeticMuseumRestoredandEnlarged,I,p.295.

117

34.Cupid,Venus,andthePassionsofLove.Bronzino,1550-1555.Nat.Gallery,London.

119

35.TreeSpirit.ColourandpenandinkdrawingbyMargaretJacoby(1977).DarylSharpColl.

122

36.WingedandWinglessBirdsandJustandUnjustSuns.DetailofIllustration31.

124

37.LoonandFish.ColourprintbyJacksonBeardy,OjibwayIndian(1973).CanadianNativePrintsLtd.,Vancouver,B.C.

127

38.TransformationofMercurius.Barchusen,Elementachemiae(1718),fig.76.Nat.Lib.,Paris.

129

39.AlchemistWorshippingSulphur."Speculumveritatis,"CodexLatinus7286(17thcent.),fol.3.VaticanLib.

133

40.AlchemistConferringwithGod.Barchusen,Elementachemiae(1718),fig.2.Nat.Lib.,Paris.

141

41.UnionofOppositesasMonstrosity.Brant,Hexastichon(1503).C.G.JungColl.

145

42.JonahandLapisAngularis."Speculumhumanaesalvationis,"CodexLatinus512(15thcent.).Nat.Lib.,Paris.

148

43.PersonifiedUnionofSunandMoon.Rosariumphilosophorum(1550).C.G.JungColl.

151

44.MoonandSunFurnaces.Mutusliber(1702),p.14,detail.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

153

45.MeetingofKingandQueen.Trismosin,"Splendorsolis,"MSHarley3469(1582).BritishMuseum.

154

46.SaturnDevouringhisChildren.Mutusliber(1702),p.7,detail.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

157

47.PeacockRisingfromRetort.MS(18thcent.),inColl.Dr.C.Rusch,Appenzell.

158

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48.EnteringtheCitywithBliss-BestowingHands.''TheTenOx-herdingPictures,"Suzuki,ManualofZenBuddhism.

161

49.MooninShadow.Maier,Scrutiniumchymicum(1687),p.133.

163

50.MercuriusasDivineChild.Mutusliber(1702),p.11,detail.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

168

51.DescentofHolyGhostasClovenTongues.MunichLectionary,CodexLatinus15713(12thcent.).MunichStateLib.,fol.37v.

173

52.FountainofLife.Rosariumphilosophorum(1550).C.G.JungColl.

175

53.UnionofOppositesasHermaphrodite.HermaphroditischesSonn-undMondskind(1752),p.16,detail.C.G.JungColl.

176

54.SapientiaasMotheroftheWise.ThomasAquinas(pseud,),Dealchimia,CodexVossianus29(16thcent.).LeidenUniv.Lib.,fol.53,detail.

183

55.GodasLogosCreatingZodiac.PeterLombard,"Desacramentis,"CodexVaticanusLatinus681(14thcent.).VaticanLib.

184

56.TheWisdomasTreeofLife.Reusner,Pandora(1588),p.225.C.G.JungColl.

188

57.FlamingHeart.JakobBoehme. 191

58.AlchemistandSororMysticaHoldingtheKeys.ThomasAquinas(pseud.),Dealchimia,CodexVossianus

195

29(16thcent.).LeidenUniv.Lib.,fol.99.(QuotefromMysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.738)

59.AlchemistasPriest.Maier,Symbolaaureaemensae(1617),p.509.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

197

60.AndrogynousGod.LateBabyloniangem,fromLajard,"MémoiresurunereprésentationfiguréedelaVénusorientaleandrogyne,"inNouvellesannalesdel'Institutarchéologique,I,p.161,Paris,1836.

201

61.CloudofChaos.Marolles,TableauxdutempledesMuses(1655).BritishMuseum.

206

62.DepressionandConsciousConflict.Twopaintingsbywomaninanalysis(1976).DarylSharpColl.

209

63.TheNigredoasEthiopian.Trismosin,"Splendorsolis,"MSHarley3469(1582).BritishMuseum.

211

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64.TheWisdomofGodasWorldSoul.EngravingbyJ.-T.deBry,fromFludd,Utriusquecosmi(1617),pp.4-5.

213

65.AssumptionofVirginMary.SpeculumTrinitatis,fromReusner,Pandora(1588),p.253.C.G.JungColl.

215

66.ImmersionintheBath.Rosariumphilosophorum(1550).C.G.JungColl.

221

67.AlchemistMeditatinginNigredo.Jamsthaler,Viatoriumspagyricum(1625),p.27.C.G.JungColl.

223

68.DevilasAerialSpirit.IllustrationbyEugèneDelacroix(1799-1863)forFaust,PartI.TheHeritageClub,NewYork.

226

69.AlchemistandSororMysticaFishing.Mutusliber(1702),fig.3.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

231

70.TheReunionoftheSoulandtheBody.IllustrationtoBlair'sTheGrave(1808),drawnbyWilliamBlake,etchedbySchiavonetti.

233

71.Seven-PetalledFlower.Boschius,Symbolographia(1702).C.G.JungColl.

235

72.AlchemistsAtWork.Mutusliber(1702),p.6.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

240

73.BirthoftheDragon.PenandinkdrawingbyMargaretJacoby(1977).DarylSharpColl.

243

74.AlchemicalTrinity.Lambspringk,"Figuraeetemblemata,"fig.XV,inMusaeumhermeticum(1678),p.371.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

247

75.UnionofWingedKingandQueen.Rosariumphilosophorum(1550).C.G.JungColl.

251

76.MercurialSerpentDevouringitself.Barchusen,Elementachemiae(1718),figs.58-61.Nat.Lib.,Paris.

253

77.AlchemicalPelican.Rhenanus,Soliseputeo(1613). 257

78.SymbolofAlchemy.Eleazar,UralteschymischesWerk(1760),PartII,no.9.MellonColl.,YaleUniv.Lib.

259

79.AlchemicalFurnace.Geber,Dealchimia(1529),frontispiece.C.G.JungColl.

265

80.AlchemistenclosedinNigredo.Jamsthaler,Viatoriumspagyricum(1625),p.118.C.G.JungColl.

267

81.TheAnnunciation.MathisNithart(died1528).IsenheimAltar,Kolmar.(QuotefromunpublishedSeminarNotes,1925)

269

82.TheSymbolicProcess.BéroaldedeVerville,LeSongedePoliphile(1600).MellonColl.,YaleUniv.

271

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1.Mountainoftheadepts.Theprocessofpsychologicaldevelopmentisanalogoustothestagesinthealchemicaltransformationofbasematterintogoldthephilosopher'sstonehererepresentedasa

"templeofthewise"buriedintheearth.Thephoenix,symboloftherenewedpersonality,straddlesthesunandmoon(theoppositesas

masculineandfeminine).Thezodiacinthebackgroundsymbolisesthedurationoftheprocess;thefourelementsindicatewholeness.Theblindfoldedmanrepresentsthestumblingsearchfortruth;therightwayisshownbytheinvestigatorpreparedtofollowhisnatural

instincts.

Page13

Lecture1IntroductionIhavegivenmuchthoughtastohowIshouldgivethiscourseintroducingyoutothesymbolismofalchemy,andhavedecidedonashortinterpretationofagoodmanytexts,insteadofonetextasatothertimes.Aswehaveninelectures,IthoughtIwouldgivethreelecturesonOldGreek,threeonArabic,andthreeonlaterEuropeanalchemy,sothatyoumayobtainatleastaglimpseofeveryphaseofthedevelopmentofthisscience.

Asyouknow,Dr.Junghasdevotedmanyyearsofstudytothissubject,whichhepracticallydugupfromthedunghillofthepast,foritwasaforgottenanddespisedfieldofinvestigationwhichhehassuddenlyrevived.Thefactthatnowthesmallestpamphletsellsforabout100Swissfrancs,whileabouttenyearsagoanexcellentbookonalchemycouldbeboughtfortwoorthreefrancs,isactuallyduetoDr.Jung,becauseexceptfortheinterestdisplayedbysomeFreemasoncircles,andlaterdevelopmentsbyRosicrucians,nobodyreallyknewanythingaboutthesubjectwhenhebeganhisworkonit.

Assoonaswegetintothetextsyouwillunderstand,tosomeextent,howalchemycametobeforgotten,andwhystill,eveninJungiancircles,manypeoplesaythattheycangoalongwithDr.Jungasfarasmythinterpretationisconcerned,andwithallelsehehaswritten,butthatwhenitcomestoalchemytheygiveup,andeitherdonotread,orgrumblewhilereadinghisbooksonthesubject.Thisisbecausealchemy,initself,istremendouslydarkandcomplex,andthetextsverydifficulttoread,sothatanenormouskindoftechnicalbackgroundofknowledgeisneededifyouwishtopenetrateintothisfield.Iamgivingthisintroductorycoursetostudentsinthehopethat

itmayenablethemtogetintothematerialbetter,sothatwhentheyreadDr.Jung'sbookstheywillhaveabackgroundofknowledgeandbeabletounderstandthem.

InPsychologyandAlchemy,Dr.Junghas,asitwere,introducedalchemyintopsychology,firstbypublishingaseriesofthedreamsofanaturalscientistwhichcontainagreatamountofalchemicalsymbolism,andthenbyquotingfromoldtexts,wherebyhehoped

Page14

toshowhowimportantandmodernthismaterialis,andhowmuchithastosaytomodernman.Hehimselfdiscoveredalchemyabsolutelyempirically.Heoncetoldmethathefrequentlycameacrosscertainmotifsinhispatients'dreamswhichhecouldnotunderstand,andthenonedayhestartedtolookatoldbooksonalchemyandnoticedaconnection.Forexample,awomanpatientdreamtthataneaglewasatfirstflyinguptothesky,andthensuddenly,turningrounditshead,begantoeatitsownwingsanddroppedbackontotheearth.Dr.Jungwasnaturallyabletounderstandthissymbolismwithouthistoricalparallelsthehighsoaringspirit,orthoughtbird,sotospeak.Thedreamindicatesasortofenantiodromia,thereversalofapsychicsituation.Allthesame,hewasverymuchstruckbythemotifwhichoneatoncerecognizesasarchetypalandwhichonefeelsconvincedmusthaveparallels;itstrikesoneasageneralmotif,yetitwasnowheretobefound.ThenonedayhediscoveredtheRipleyScroll,whichgivesaseriesofpicturesofthealchemicalprocesspartlypublishedinPsychologyandAlchemywherethereisaneaglewithaking'shead,whichturnsbackandeatsitsownwings.

Thecoincidencestruckhimveryforciblyandforyearshekeptitinmindandfeltthattherewasmoretoalchemyandthatheshouldgointothesubject,buthehesitatedtoattackthismostcomplexfield,realizinghowmuchworkitwouldinvolveandthatitwouldmeanrubbinguponhisGreekandLatinandreadingsomuch.Finally,however,hecametotheconclusionthatithadtobedone,thattherewastoomuchburiedinthesubjectwhichwasimportanttousforabetterunderstandingofthedreammaterialofmodernpeople.

ForDr.Jungitwasnotatheoreticalproblem,butastrikingparalleltothematerialwithwhichhewasdealing.Butnowwemightaskourselveswhyalchemicalsymbolismshouldbeclosertotheunconsciousproductofmanymodernpeoplethananyothermaterial.

Whywoulditnotsufficetostudycomparativemythology,fairytales,andthehistoryofreligions?Whyhasittobeparticularlyalchemy?

Therearevariousreasonsforthis.Ifwestudysymbolisminthecomparativehistoryofreligion,orinChristianityalltheallegoriesoftheVirginMary,forinstance,orthetreeoflife,orthecross,orthesymbolismofthedragoninChristianmedievalmaterial,andsoonorifwestudymythology,asweknowitforinstancefromthe

Page15

2.Eagleassymbolofthespirit,

bywhich,accordingtoJung,thealchemistsmeant"allthehighermentalfacultiessuchasreason,

insight,andmoraldiscrimination."

NorthAmericanIndiansthebeliefsoftheHopis,thesongoftheNavaho,etc.weareineachcasedealingwithmaterialformedincollectivityandhandedonbymoreorlessorganizedtradition.AmongtheNorthAmericanIndianstherearetraditionsofmedicinemenwhohandedonthesongsandritualstotheirpupils,whilecertainthingswereknownbythewholetribewhichparticipatedintherituals.ThesameholdsgoodforChristiansymbolism,forthatishandedoninthetraditionsoftheChurch,andthewholesymbolismoftheliturgyandoftheMass,withallitsmeaning,istransmittedbydoctrine,tradition,andhumanorganizations.TherearealsothedifferentEasternformsofYogaandotherformsofmeditation.Suchformedsymbolscertainlyoriginatedintheunconscious,buttheyhavesincebeenworkeduponthroughandbytradition.Onerepeatedlyseeshowanyonewhohashadoriginalandimmediateexperienceofunconscioussymbolsbeginsafterwardstoworkuponthem.

LetustakeasanexampleSt.NiklausvonderFlüe,theSwisssaint,

whohadavisionofawandereranddivinefigurewhichcametowardshimwearingashiningbearskin,andsingingasongofthreewords.FromtheoriginalreportitisobviousthatthesaintwasconvincedthateitherGod,orChrist,wasappearingtohim.Buttheoriginalreportgotlost,anduntilabouteightyyearsagotherewasonlyareportmadebyoneofhisearliestbiographers,whotoldthestorymoreorlesscorrectly,butomittedthebearskin!ThethreewordsofthesongrefertotheTrinity,thedivinewandererwouldbeChristvisitingthesaint,andsoon.Allthatthebiographer

Page16

mentioned,butwiththebearskinhecoulddonothingforwhyshouldChristwearabearskin?Sothatitemwasdroppedanditwasonlybythechancerediscoveryoftheoriginalreportofthevisionthatitwasafterwardsincluded.Thisiswhathappenstooriginalexperienceswhicharehandedon,foraselectionismadeandwhatfitsorcoincideswithwhatisalreadyknownishandedon,whileotherdetailstendtogetdropped,becausetheyseemstrangeandonedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththem.

Itseems,therefore,thatsymbolismhandedonbytraditionistoacertainextentrationalizedandpurgedofthescurrilitiesoftheunconscious,thefunnylittledetailswhichtheunconscioustagson,sometimescontradictionsanddirt.That,onasmallscale,happensevenwithinourselves.Ayoungdoctorsuddenlybecameveryscepticaloverthewaywewritedownourdreams,believingthatalotwasfalsifiedwhenonewrotedownone'sdreamsinthemorning.Soheputawirerecorderbyhisbedsideandwhenhewokeinthenight,evenifinahalfsleepystate,herecordedhisdreamandinthemorningwrotedownthedreamasheremembereditandcomparedthetwo.Hethendiscoveredthathissceptismwasexaggerated.Thereportswemakeofdreamsthenextmorningarealmostcorrect,butinvoluntarilyweintroduceorderintothem.Forinstance,hedreamtthatsomethinghappenedinahouseandthatthenafterwardshewentintothehouse.Inretellingthedreaminthemorninghecorrectedthetimesequenceandwrotedownthathewentintothehouseandthenexperiencedthisandthat.Actually,thedreamsrecordedatoncearemoreconfusedastotime,butotherwisetheyareprettycorrect.Thereforeevenwhenadreamcrossesthethresholdofconsciousness,consciousnessinreportingitdoessomethingtoit,amendsitandmakesitalittlemoreunderstandable.

Cumgranosalis,youcouldcomparetheabovetothewayinwhich

religiousexperiencesarehandedoninalivingreligioussystem,namelythatthepersonalimmediateexperienceisusuallypurified,clarified,andrevised.Forexample,inthehistoriesofthepersonalinnerlifeofCatholicsaints,mostofthesaintshadimmediateexperiencesoftheGodheadthatbelongsinthedefinitionofasaintorvisionsoftheVirginMary,orChrist,andsoon.ButtheChurchhasrarelypublishedanythingwithoutfirstexpurgatingwhatwasconsideredtobepersonalmaterial.Onlywhatfittedinwithtraditionwaschosen.

Page17

Thesamethinghappenseveninfreeprimitivecommunities.EventheNorthAmericanIndiansomitcertaindetails,consideringthemnotinterestingtocollectiveconsciousideas.Australianaboriginescelebrateafestivalcalled"Kunapipi,"whichgoesonforthirtyyears.Forthirtyyearscertainritualsareperformedatspecifiedtimesitisabigrebirthritualwhichlastsforawholegenerationandwhenthethirtyyearsareup,itstartsalloveragain.Theethnologistwhofirstdescribedittookthetroubletocollectthedreamsinthetribeswhichreferredtothefestival.Hediscoveredthatmembersofthetribeoftendreamtaboutit,andthatinthosedreams,asonewouldexpect,andaswouldhappentous,therewerevariationsinlittledetailswhichdidnotquitefitwithwhatactuallytookplace.Australianaboriginessaythatifadreamcontainedagoodidea,itwastoldtothetribeandadoptedasapartofthefestival,whichinthatwayvariedalittlesometimes,thoughinthemaintheykepttothetraditionwhichhadbeenhandedon.

WhenanalysingCatholics,Ihaveoftenseenthesamephenomenon,namelythattheydreamoftheMassbutsomethingspecialhappens,forinstancethepriestdistributeshotsoupinsteadoftheHost,orsomethinglikethat.Itisallquitecorrectexceptfortheonedetail.Irememberanun'sdreaminwhichinthemiddleoftheSanctus,thatisattheholiestmoment,justwhenthetransformationshouldtakeplace,theoldBishopwhowasreadingMasssuddenlystoppedandsaid:"Nowsomethingmoreimportantisfirstnecessary,"andthengaveasermonontheIncarnation.ThenhestoppedagainandsaidthatnowtheywouldgoonwiththeoldtraditionalMass,andhandedovertotwoyoungprieststofinishit.Apparentlythisnun,asisthecasewithmanyotherpeople,hadnotenoughrealunderstandingofthemysteryoftheMassitwastoherjustthemechanicalrepetitionofthemysteryandtherefore,beforethetransformationtookplace,thedreamshowed

thatoneshouldreallyexplaintopeoplewhatwashappening,becauseiftheydidnotparticipatewiththeirminds,itwasofnohelptothem,theywerejustbelievingwithoutcomprehension.SoinherdreamtheBishopgavealongexplanation,afterwhichtheclassicalMasscontinuedwithyoungerpriests,showingthatitwasarenewal.RenewaltakesplaceaccordingtothewayinwhichtheMassisunderstood,andheretheoldmanhandedovertothetwoyoungmen.Thisillustrateshowindividualexperienceofreligioussymbolsalwaysvariesalittlefromtheofficialformula,whichisonlyan

Page18

averagepattern.Thereisverylittleimmediatemanifestationoftheunconsciouseitherinhistoryorelsewhere.

Byobservingdreams,visions,andhallucinations,etc.,modernmancannowforthefirsttimelookinanunprejudicedwayatthephenomenaoftheunconscious.Whatcomesfromtheunconsciouscanbeobservedthroughindividuals.Thepasthashandedonsomerarereportsofindividualexperiences,butonthewhole,symbolsoftheunconsciousreachusinthemoretraditionalway,duetothefactthat,normally,mankindhasnotapproachedtheunconsciousindividually,but,withfewexceptions,hasrelatedtoitindirectlythroughreligioussystems.Thisobtainsgenerally,asfarasIcansee,exceptintheoldestandmostprimitivesocieties,andincertainotherbutalsoalreadycodifiedformsofapproachtotheunconscious.

InanumberofEskimotribestherearepracticallynocontentsofcollectiveconsciousness.TherearesomefewteachingsaboutcertainghostsandspiritsandgodsSila,thegodoftheair,Sedna,thegoddessofthesea,andsoonwhicharehandedonorallybycertainpeople,butonlypersonalexperiencesarehandedonbytheshamanormedicineman,whoarethereligiouspersonalitiesofsuchcommunities.TheEskimosleadsuchahardlifeandhavesuchdifficultyinsurviving,owingtotheterrificconditionsunderwhichtheylive,thatnormallyeverybodyconcentratesonlyonsurvival,withtheexceptionofsomefewchosenindividualswhohavesomecommercewithghostsandhaveinnerexperiencesanddreams,sothepeoplesimplyrelatetothosedreamsandhavetheirownthoughtsaboutthem,ratherlikeamodernpersoninanalysis.Theonlyguidancetheyreceiveisinmeetingothershamansandexchangingexperiences,sothattheymaynotbequitealonewiththeirinnerexperiences.Generally,theyoungeroneslookforoldershamans,beingafraidthatotherwisetheymightgomad,justaswewould.Inthatcasethereisaminimumofcollective

conscioustradition,andamaximumoftheimmediatepersonalexperienceofafewindividuals.

Ithinkitprobablethatthisrepresentstheremnantsofanoriginalcondition,because,accordingtoanthropologicalreflections,onecanassumethatmankindlivedoriginallyinlittletribalgroupsofabouttwentytothirtypeople,amongwhomtherewereusuallytwoorthreegiftedintrovertswhohadpersonalinnerexperiencesandwerethespiritualguides,whilethestronghuntersorfightersweretheearthlyguides.Insuchacasethereismaterialaboutimmediate

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innerexperiencesandverylittletradition.

Thentherearestillphenomenaofindividualsmeetingtheunconsciousimmediatelyintheorganizedinitiationexperiencesofcertainpeople.Forexample,inmanyoftheNorthAmericanIndiantribes,partoftheinitiationofayoungmedicinemanconsistsingoingtoamountainpeak,orintothedesertafterfastingandsometimesalsoaftertakingdrugs,andthereseekingavisionorhallucinationorexperience,whichhethenreportstohisMaster,hisInitiator.If,forexample,hesaysthathehasseenalizard,thenheistoldthathebelongstotheThunderbirdclanandwillhavetobecomesuchandsuchamedicineman.Buttheretheinterpretationoftheindividualexperienceisconnectedwithcollectiveconscioustraditionandanythingwhichiscompletelyindividual,anythingstrange,amedicinemanwouldjustomit.PaulRadinhaspublisheddreamsofIndiansshowinghowtheyinterpretthemandyouseethattheyjustskipwhattheydon'tunderstand.Theypickoutofthedreamwhatconnectswithcollectiveconsciousideas,andskipthefunnydetailsjustasbeginnersinJungiananalysisdowhentheybegintointerprettheirowndreams.Ifyousuggestthattheytrytheirhandatthat,theyusuallypickoutonemotifwhichseemstoconnectwithsomethingtheyunderstandandsaytheyknowwhatthatmeans,thatitreferstosuchandsuch,andthenIsaybutwhataboutthisdetailandthisother,whichtheytendtoomit.

Immediateexperiencesoftheunconsciousbycertainindividualsmayalsolaterbecodified,orinterpreted,orbuiltintoareligioussystem.Naturally,inallreligioussystemstherearesectswhichtendtorevivifyimmediateexperiences.Whereverareligionseemstobetoocodifiedacompensatorysectisusuallyformedtorevivifyindividualexperiences,andthisaccountsforthemanysplits.Forinstance,therearetheSunnitesandShi-itesinIslam,andsoon;ortheTalmudic

SchoolandtheKabbalaintheJewishMiddleAges,wherethecodifiedreligioussymbolsarehandedon.Thelattergrouptendstogivemorevaluetoindividualexperiences,theoneclaimingtobeorthodoxandtheotherclaimingtohavethelivingspirit,whichwouldalsobethecontrastbetweenextravertandintroverttypes.Buteveninthetraditionoftheintrovertwhoclaimstohavethelivingspirit,thereisverylittlerealpersonalexperienceoftheunconscious.Therearealwaysonlyafewindividualswhohavesuchexperiences,probablybecausetheyaresodangerousandfrighteningthatonlyrareandunusuallycourageouspeoplegothis

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3.Alchemistatworkwithhissorormystica(femaleassistant),representing

thecollaborationwithhisownfeminineside.

way,orfools,whodonotknowhowdangerousthethingis,andwhothereforearedrivenmadbyit.

InsomeofhisearlylecturesattheE.T.H.,thetechnicalcollegeinZürich,Dr.Jung,inordertoexemplifythesymbolismoftheprocessofindividuationandwhathemeantbyit,discussedaseriesofimagesinanEasternmeditationtextandthefamousspiritualexercises,theExercitiaSpiritualia,ofSt.IgnatiusofLoyola,aswellasHughdeSt.Victor'sBenjouminminor.Heshowedthatalltheseformsofcodifiedmeditationcontaintheessentialtheories,orsymbols,whichnormallyappearintheprocessofindividuationinindividuals.Butalltheseapproachestotheunconscious,andmostformsofEasternmeditationaswellasmedievalChristianforms,containaprogram.Forinstance,amanwhogoesthroughtheExercitiaofSt.IgnatiushasinthefirstweektoconcentrateonthesentenceHomocreatusest,thenextweekonthesufferingsofChrist,andsoon.Ifinthemiddleofhiscontemplationhethinksthathewouldlikesomecoffee,thatwouldbeaworldlydisturbancebythedevil,whichhehastorestrain.Buttheremightalsobeholydisturbances!Hemight,whenmeditatingonthecross,suddenlyseeabluelight,oracrownofrosesroundthecross,

butasthatdoesnotfitin,thatthoughtalsohastobebanishedthatwouldbethedevilfalsifyingtheprocess,forheshouldseethecross,notabunchofroses,orsomethingofthatsort.Heisthereforetaughttorejectthosespontaneousirruptionsoftheunconsciousandadherefanaticallytotheprogram.

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Naturally,heisstillconcentratingonsymbolsoftheunconscious,forthecrossisasymboloftheunconscious,buthismindisdirectedintoadefinitechannelgiventhroughcollectivetradition.IfhetellshisDirecteurdeConsciencehehasseenabathtubinsteadofthecross,hewillbetoldthathehasnotconcentratedproperly,hehasdeviated.Thesamethingappliestoacertaineasternmeditationform.IfbeautifuldevasandgoddessesappearandtrytodiverttheYoginfromhisgoal,hemustchasesuchthoughtsawayasdisturbingfactors.Thusintheseformsofapproachtotheunconscious,consciousdirectionandaprescribedway,orpath,mustbeconformedto,andcertainthoughtswhichcomeupignored.Forthisreasonthesymbolismwhichappearsinsuchformsisnotquiteofthesamekindasthatindreamsandactiveimagination,forwetellpeoplesimplytoobservewhatcomesup,whichnaturallyproducesslightlydifferentmaterial,sothatwecanonlycomparethetwoproductsrelatively.

Thealchemistswereinacompletelydifferentsituation.TheybelievedthattheywerestudyingtheunknownphenomenonofmatterthedetailsIwillgivelateronandtheyjustobservedwhatcameupandinterpretedthatsomehow,butwithoutanyspecificplan.Therewouldbealumpofsomestrangematter,butastheydidnotknowwhatitwastheyconjecturedsomethingorother,whichofcoursewouldbeunconsciousprojection,buttherewasnodefiniteintentionortradition.Thereforeonecouldsaythatinalchemy,projectionsweremademostnaivelyandunprogrammatically,andcompletelyuncorrected.

Imagineanoldalchemist'ssituation.Amaninacertainvillagewouldbuildanisolatedhutandcookthingswhichcausedexplosions.Quitenaturally,everyonecallshimawitchdoctor!Onedaysomeonecomesandsayshehasfoundaqueerpieceofmetalandwouldthealchemistbeinterestedinbuyingit?Thealchemistdoesnotknowthevalueof

themetal,butgivesthemansomemoneyataguess.Hethenputswhathasbeenbroughthiminhisstoveandmixesitwithsulphur,orsomethingsimilar,toseewhathappens,andifthemetalwaslead,hewouldbebadlypoisonedbythevapours.Heconcludes,therefore,thatthisparticularmattermakesonefeelsickifapproached,andnearlykillsyou,andthereforehesaysthatthereisademoninlead!Afterwards,whenhewriteshisrecipes,headdsafootnotesaying:''Bewareoflead,forinitisademonwhichwillkillpeopleandmakethemmad,"which

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wouldbequiteanobviousandreasonableexplanationforsomeoneofthattimeandlevel.Thereforeleadwasawonderfulsubjectfortheprojectionofdestructivefactors,sinceincertainconnectionsitseffectsarepoisonous.Acidsubstanceswerealsodangerous,but,ontheotherhand,beingcorrosiveandameansofdissolvingthings,werehighlyimportantforchemicaloperations.Thusifyouwishedtomeltsomethingorhaveitinliquidformitcouldbemeltedordissolvedinacidsolutions,andforthisreasontheprojectionwasthatacidwasthedangeroussubstancewhichdissolves,butwhichalsomakesitpossibletohandlecertainsubstances.Orelseitisamediumoftransformationyouopenup,sotospeak,ametalwithwhichyoucandonothingandmakeitaccessibletotransformationbytheuseofcertainliquids.ThealchemiststhereforewroteaboutitinthenaiveformwhichIamnowdescribinganddidnotnoticethatthatwasnotnaturalsciencebutcontainedalotofprojection,iflookedatfromamodernchemicalstandpoint.

Thusthereexistsinalchemyanastonishingamountofmaterialfromtheunconscious,producedinasituationwheretheconsciousminddidnotfollowadefiniteprogram,butonlysearched.Dr.Junghimselfapproachedtheunconsciousinasimilarmanner,andinanalysiswetootrytogetpeopletoadoptanattitudewheretheydonotapproachtheunconsciousaccordingtoaprogram.Wesimplysayforinstancethatthesituationlooksbad,thatthesubjectisinanunsatisfactorycondition,andthatweshouldlookatthatandatthelifephenomenonwhichwecalltheunconsciousandconsidertogetherwhatthatmightrepresent,orcouldbedrivingat.Suchaconsciouspointdedépart,whichcontainsaminimumofprograming,correspondstotheconsciouspointdeQdépartofthealchemist,sothattheunconsciousrespondsinlikemanner,andthatiswhyalchemicalwritingsareespeciallyhelpfulfortheunderstandingofmodernmaterial.

Question:InavolumeofancientdreammaterialbyOppenheimentitledTheInterpretationofDreamsintheAncientNearEast,onefeelsthatancientdreaminterpreterswerealsointerpretingonacollectivebasis.Doyouthinkthatisso?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,inthattheyalsomadeselectionsfromthedreams,theytookwhatconnectedwithcollectivematerial.ThisappliesalsotoArtemidoros.Iknowonlyonedocumentfromantiquitywherethereisaseriesofdreamswhichhasnotbeen

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selected,andthatisinatextfromtheSerapeumofMemphis.AmancalledPtolemaeus(hispaperIthinkwaspublishedbyUlrichWilcken)gotintosometrouble,Ibelievefordebts,forwhichheshouldhavebeenimprisoned,butinsteadheelectedtobecomeaNovice,aKatochos,intheSerapeumofMemphistheSerapisSanctuaryofMemphis.Accordingtotheregulations,aKatochosmustwritedownhisdreamsandwehavePtolemaeus'spapyrusauniquepapyrusinHellenizedEgyptianGreekinwhichtherearethemostamazing"modern"dreams.Forexample,"ImetMr.So-and-So,andsaid...,"andthenwouldfollowsomebanalities,andhenthenameagain,andsoon,whichwouldbetypicalofourdreams.Itisimpossibletointerpretsuchadreamforonedoesnotknowtheassociations.Inaseriesofabouttwenty-sevendreams,therearetwoorthreeinwhichthegoddessIsis,forinstance,appears.Collectivedreamsinwhichcollectivefiguresappearwecanunderstand,buttheothersmustbedroppedbecausewehavenoassociations.Ptolemaeussays,forexample,thathemethisnephew,butnobodyknowswhatthenephewmeanttohim.

ThereissomethingelsewhichwasofgreatimportancetomewhenIdiscoveredthisdocument,namelythatthosepeopledreamtexactlyaswedo.IfyoureadtheBabyloniandreams,youfeelthattheydidnotdreamaswedo,forintheBabyloniandreammaterialdreamsareselectedtofitthetraditionalinterpretation.Forexample,todreamaboutablackgoatportendsbadluck.Hundredsofotherdreamsofthesamemanwhohadsuchadreamareignored,butbecauseincollectivetraditionablackgoatappearinginadreammeansbadluck,thatdreamwasrecorded.Thatisstillthecaseinourpeasantcountrieswherenobodytakesanynoticeofordinarydreams.Butifanybodydreamsaboutacoffin,orawedding,orasnake,thatisdiscussedandtheywonderifanyoneinthefamilyisgoingtodie;thatonlyapplies

totraditionalmotifs,alltheothermaterialgoesdownthedrain.

ButthefragmentsofthedreamsofPtolemaeusshowsomethingcompletelydifferentfromthedreamliteratureofantiquity,andonerealizesthatpeoplethendreamtjustaswedo,thoughdreamliteratureonlyrelatesthefewdreamswhichfittedtheirtheoriesifyoudreamtthehousewasonfire,thenyouwereinlove,etc.Youcanalwaysseehowtheyarrivedattheirinterpretations,whichwerenottoobad,foritisquitelikelythatsomeoneinlovewoulddreamofahouseonfire.Suchbooksarebuiltuponaverageexperiences,

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butallmedievaldreammaterial,aswellasthatofantiquity,isconcretistic.Thatis,ifsomebodyisgoingtodieyouwillhaveavisitorwhowillreceiveorlosemoney,andsoon.Adreamisnevertakenasaninnerthing,oraninnerprocess,butisalwaysprojectedontotheouterworld.

EvennowadayssimplepeoplehereinSwitzerlandoftendiscusstheirdreams,butonlyonaprognosticlevel.Ianalyseacharwoman,andtheotherdayherbrotherrangmeupandaskedwhyIwasmakinghissisterstillmadderbyanalysingherdreams,thatdreamswerealljunkwhichhehadprovedhimself,forhehadthreetimesdreamtofcoffinslastwinter,andnobodyinthefamilyhaddied!HestillthinksintheclassicalGreek-Egyptian-Babylonianway.Letusgobacktotheoriginaltraditionsoflittleprimitivegroupslivingtogetherandsaythatamanamongthemhasdreams,orvisions.Therearetwopossibilitiesopentohim:ifheknowssomeonewhoissupposedtobeashamanoramedicineman,orapriest,thenhegoestohimandacceptshisinterpretation,orhecanremainindependentandbuilduphisowninterpretation,drawhisownconclusions,andworkoutawholesystem.

Remark:Soitdependsupontheattitudeandunderstandingofthepersoninauthority.Ultimatelyitresolvesintothequestionofwhoseauthorityismosttoberespected,thatoftheinterpreteraccordingtotradition,orofthepersonwhohashadthedreamorexperience.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,andultimatelyonthepersonwhohasmostmana,thegreatpersonalitywholeadsthemorespirituallifeandhasgreaterauthority.Forinstance,sometimespeoplekeeptheirexperiencestothemselvesevenintheseprimitivecountries,anddeveloptheirownsystem,butifthentheyfailinlifetheyarelookeduponasfoolssothemanwhoisarrogantenoughtowanttoremainalonerisksbeing

regardedassomeonepossessedandafool,insteadofagreatmedicineman.Hehastorunthatrisk,andonlylifecanshowwhichiscorrect.Butevensuchtribesdiscriminatebetweenfoolswhoarepossessedandmedicinemen.

Remark:InChristianterminology,youcouldsaythatsuchamanwascarryinghiscross,buteverythingdependedonhismotive.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,exactly.Or,forinstanceintheCatholicheresiology,someonemayhaveanindividualrevelationofGod,

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whichcauseshimtodeviatefromChurchdogma.LetusimaginethathehasavisionofChristinwhichChristtellshimthatheishalfanimal,orsomethinglikethat,thenhewouldsaythatheknowsthatChristnotonlyincarnatedasmanbutevenonthelevelofananimal.Ifamanbelievesthat,theInquisitionwhichcondemnshimtobeburntsaysalsothathemaystillbesavedandstillberight.Hehastobeburnt,becausetheorthodoxcreedmustbedefended,butthedoorisleftopen;theysaythatthehereticmayberight,butthatifhewantstoadheretohispersonaltruth,hemustacceptbeingburntforit.TheydonotclaimthathehaslosthissoulforGodmayaccepthiminParadise,butitishisfatealsotobeburnt.

Suchathingrepresentsakindofspiritualmodesty,forwhilecondemninghimtobeburnttheyneithercondemnhissoulnorclaimthathehasmissedsalvation.Suchamanisproud,orlonely,orspirituallyindependentenoughtorelyonhisownbeliefsandpersonalexperiencesandmustaccepttheconsequences,butthecommunitywillnotaccepthiminCatholiccircles.Inothercirclestheattitudemaybedifferent.ModernCatholicteachingisalsoslightlymodifiedinamannerofwhichIheardrecently.AJesuittoldafriendofminethatyouareallowedtobelievesomething,likethemaninthetribementionedabove,providedthatyoudonottellanyoneelseaboutit,anddonotmakeadoctrineofitandtrytoconvertotherstothesamebeliefs.Ifyoujustkeepittoyourself,anddecidenottorejectyourinnervision,thentheCatholicChurchwillcloseitseyestoit.

Remark:IthinkthatappliesnotonlytotheCatholicChurchbuttoanygroupofpeople.Itdependsonwhethertheindividualbelievesthathecantellhisgroupofhisexperienceornot.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,whichiswhyIoftensaytoschizoidpeoplethattheirmadnessdoesnotconsistinwhattheyseeandbelieve,butin

tellingittothewrongpeople.Iftheykeptittothemselvesitwouldbeallright.Ihave,forexample,aborderlinecaseofawomanwhogoestoeverypsychiatristandaccusesthemallofbeingidioticrationalistswhodonotbelieveinGod,andshetellsthemhervisions.Ithinkheronlymistakeisintellingthesepeople,forthatissimplybeingunadapted.Hervisionsinthemselvesarequiteallright,andalsowhatshethinksaboutthem,butherextravertedfeelingisinferior,sheissociallyunadapted.Sheshouldnotspeakofsuchthingstoarationalisticpsychiatristwhoonlywonderswhether

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heshouldinternher!

Remark:No,becausehisreputationinturnisatstake!

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,ofcourse.Hiscolleagueswouldscoffathimifhestartedbelievinginhispatients'visions.Colleaguesalwaysbehavelikethatandspeakofcounter-transference,etc.Itissomuchaquestionofambitionandprestigeandofcollectiveconventionjustasitiswithus.

Thereisanotheraspecttotheproblemofalchemy,namelywhyitisofsuchimportancetomodernman.Alchemyisanaturalsciencewhichrepresentsanattempttounderstandmaterialphenomenainnature;itisamixtureofthephysicsandchemistryofthoseearlytimesandcorrespondstotheconsciousmentalattitudeofthosewhostudieditandwhoconcentratedonthemysteryofnature,particularlyofmaterialphenomena.Itisalsothebeginningofanempiricalscience.Iwillgointothespecifichistorylater.Theaveragemodernman,particularlyinAnglo-Saxoncountries,butalsoincreasinglyinEuropeancountries,istrainedmentallyintheobservationofnaturalsciencephenomena,whilethehumanities,asyouknow,aremoreandmoreneglected.Thatisapresent-daytendency,inwhichever-increasingemphasisisplacedonthe"scientific"approach.Ifyouanalysemodernpeople,youfindthattheiroutlookonrealityisverymuchinfluencedbythebasicconceptsofnaturalscience,andthecompensatoryorconnectingmaterialfromtheunconsciousaccordinglyissimilar.Thatisasuperficialanalogy,forthereasonliesmuchdeeper.

IfoneaskswhynaturalsciencespredominatetosuchanextentinourWeltanschauung,itcanbeseentobetheendresultoflongandspecificdevelopment.Asyouprobablyallknow,lookedatfromthemorespecificEuropeanaspect,naturalscienceisregardedashaving

originatedinthe6thcenturyB.C.,aboutthetimeofthepre-Socraticphilosophy.Butthiswaslargelyphilosophicalspeculationaboutnature,fortherewasverylittleexperimentalinvestigationonthepartoftheearlynaturalscientists.Itcouldmorecorrectlybesaidthatthebirthofnaturalscience,asatheoryorgeneralconceptofreality,tookplaceatthattime.Naturalscience,inthesensethatmanhasalwaysexperimentedwithanimals,stones,materials,matter,andfireandwater,ismuchwider,andinformertimeswasapartofthosemagicpracticeswhichareconnectedwithallreligionsandwhichdealwithmaterials.Thereareafewexceptions.

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Thereforeonemightsaythatinhisoutlookontheultimaterealitiesoflife,manisoverwhelmedbyideasandconceptsfromwithin,symbolsandimages,butalsodealswithoutermaterials.Thatexplainswhyinmostritualsthereissomethingconcreterepresentingthesymbolicmeaning,forinstance,abowlofwaterplacedinthecentrefordivination,orsomethingofthatkind.

Thusmatterandmaterialphenomenaareapproachedina"magic"way,andthereforeinthehistoriesofreligionofdifferentpeopletherearereligioussymbolswhicharepersonificationsorrepresentationsofdemons,withhalf-personifiedaspects,aswellasdivinities,i.e.,powerfulfactorswhichhaveamaterialaspect.Youallknowtheconceptofmana,whichevenbynon-Jungianinvestigatorsofreligioniscomparedtoelectricity.IfanAustralianrubshischuringastonetogetmoremana,itwouldbewiththeideaofrefuellinghistotem,orhislifeessence,likerecharginganelectricbattery.

Thewholeconceptofmanabearstheprojectionofsemimaterial,divineelectricity,ofdivineenergyorpower.Thus,forinstance,treesstruckbylightningwouldrepresentmana.Theninmostreligioussystemstherearesacredsubstances,suchaswaterorfire,orcertainplants,andsoon,aswellasspirits,demons,andincarnategods,whoaremorepersonifiedandcanspeakinvisions,orappearandbehaveinahalf-humanmanner.Attimestheemphasisliesmoreonthedepersonalizednaturepowersymbols,andothertimesmoreonpersonifiedpowers.Insomereligionsoneaspectismoredominantandinothers,theother.Forexample,thereligioussystemwhichinitsdecayingformismirroredintheHomericpoems,inwhichtheOlympicandhalf-personifiedhumanGreekgodswiththeirhumandeficienciesappear,isanextremeformofmainlypersonifieddivinities.Ontheotherhand,thereisthecounterswing,inGreeknaturalphilosophy,forinstance,wheresuddenlythewholeemphasis

isplacedonsymbolssuchaswater,whichissaidtobethebeginningoftheworld,orthefireinHeraclitus,etc.,whichisarevivificationofthemanaideaonahigherlevel.

InChristianitythereisamixture:GodtheFatherandGodtheSonareusuallyrepresentedinartashumanbeings,andtheHolyGhostissometimesrepresentedasanoldmanwithabeard,absolutelyasaclichéforGodtheFatherjustidenticalbutfrequentlybyananimal,whichisanotherformofpersonification,

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4.WilliamBlake'simageofGodtheFatherasawiseoldmanwithabeard,atypicalpersonificationoftheSelf,archetypeofwholenessandthe

centreofthepersonality.

oritmayberepresentedbyfire,orwind,orwater,orthebreathbetweenGodtheFatherandGodtheSon.SotheHolyGhost,evenintheBible,hascertainformsinwhichitisdescribedorlikenedtosuchnaturalphenomenaasfireorwaterorbreath.ThusChristianityhasagodimagerepresentingbothaspects.Butinotherreligionsthereareeitheranumberofhumanorothergods,sothatweprobablyhavetomakethehypothesisthattheunconsciouslikestoappearinitsultimate,archetypalmanifestations,sometimessymbolisedinnaturalphenomenaandsometimespersonified.Whatdoesthatsignify?

Itisaverydifficultquestion.Why,forinstance,hassomeoneaconceptofGodasadivine,invisible,all-pervadingfire,whileanotherpersonwillimagineHimasbeingsomethinglikeahumanbeing?NowadayspeopletendtothinkthatasmallchildwithkindergartenconceptswillthinkofGodtheFatherwithawhitebeard,whilelater,whenscientificviewshavebeenacquired,then,ifthoughtofatall,itwouldberatherasameaningfulpowerinthecosmos,orsomethingofthatkind.Butthenwejustprojectourownscientificsituation!SofarasIcansee,itisnottruethatsuchpersonifiedmanifestationsorideasofgods,ortheGodhead,aremoreinfantile.

Tobeabletoanswerthequestionweshouldbeobligedtostudycarefullyalotofdreammaterialandthen,quiteapartfromthisreligiousproblem,askourselveswhatitmeansifanarchetypalcontentmanifestsasaballoffire,insteadofasahumanbeing.Let

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ussaythattherearetwomen,andonedreamsofaballoffirewhichgiveshimcomfortandenlightenment,andtheotherdreamsofamarvellous,wiseoldmanappearingtohim,andbothareequallyoverwhelmed.Superficially,youcouldsaythatbothimagessymbolisetheSelf,thatis,thetotality,thecentre,aformofmanifestationoftheimageofGod.Whatisthedifferencewhenonemanexperienceslight,orthefireball,whiletotheotherthesuperhumanwisemanappears?

Answer:Theformerwouldrepresenttheabstractmeaning.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,oneismoreabstractabstraherebutitisabstractusfromwhat?

Remark:Itwouldbefurtherfromthehuman.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,perdefinitionem,buthowwouldyoureplytotheanalysandwhoaskedyousuchaquestion?Wecannevergiveanabsoluteanswer,butwecansaysomethingaboutit.Iwouldtakeitquitesimplyandaskthepatient,andwouldtrytoleadhimon.Youcantalktoawiseoldman,askhimquestions,orcanpresenthimwithallyourhumanproblems,whetheryoushoulddivorce,orifyoushouldspendyourmoneyinacertainmanner,andyoucanassumethatsinceheappearsinthisformheshouldknowaboutthat,thoughperhapshewillsaythatheisfarremovedfromsuchthings!Inanycase,theprimaryfeeling,orguess,ortheattitudewhichitevokesisthatyoucanrelatetosuchafigureonahumanlevel.Butyoucannottalktoaballoffire,ormakecontactwithit,exceptinsomeformofnaturalscienceperhapscatchitinaglassbowl,ifthatispossible,orwatchitandseewhatitdoes,goonyourkneesandworshipitandkeepfarenoughawaysoasnottobeburnt,orgointoitanddiscoverthatitisafirewhichdoesnotburn,butthatitisnotpossibletorelatetoitinahumanform.

Somanifestationinahumanformwoulddemonstratethepossibilityofconsciousrelation,whereasaninhumanform,oranaturalpowerform,isjustaphenomenonandcanonlyberelatedtoassuch.Obviously,whatevertheDivineis,ithasbothaspects,andinmosttheologiesthishasbeenmaintained.Whatisagodtowhomyoucannotrelate?Ifyoucannottellhimanythingaboutyourhumansoulwhatuseishe?Ontheotherhand,whatisagodwhoismerelyakindofhumanbeinganddoesnotreachbeyondthat?HealsoseemstobethecompletelymysteriousOther,towhich

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youcannotrelate,justasyoucannotrelatetomysteriousphenomenainnature.Therefore,probablytherehavealwaysbeenthetwoaspectsofthisultimate,innercentreofthepsyche,onebeingcompletelytranscendent,whichmanifestsinsomethingasremoteasfireorwater,andanotherwhichsometimesmanifestsinhumanform,whichwouldmeanthatitwasnowapproachinginaformtowhichonecouldrelate.

IfsomeonedreamsoftheGodheadasahumanbeing,thentherewillbeagreatdealofemotionalandintuitivefeelingexperienceofitandofitsnearness.St.Niklausdreamt,orhadavision,ofChristcomingasaBerserkandinthesamevisiontheBerserkafterwardstoldpeoplethetruthaboutthemselveshesawintothemandwhattheyreallywere,andpeopleranawayfromhim.Heknewatoncewhattheywantedtoaskhimandveryoftendidnotevenputaquestionbutsimplygavetheanswer.ThereforeobviouslySt.NiklaushadthesamequalityasChristhadinhisvision,whichwouldbeanillustrationofsomethingbelongingtothearchetypalunconsciousandenteringthehumanbeing.Ifyoudreamofanarchetypeinahumanform,thatmeansthatyoucould,tosomeextent,incarnateit.Itcouldmanifestinyou,andcouldexpressitselfthroughyou,thatisthewholeideaoftheinnerChrist.Ifyoudreamofthewiseoldman,thenitcanhappenthatyougetintoanimpossiblesituationwhereyouareaskedanimpossiblequestion,butsuddenlyaperfectanswercomestoyou!Ifyouarehonest,youfeelobligedtoadmitafterwardsthatitwasnotyouspeaking."It"spokethroughyou,youcouldnotclaimtohavehadsuchathought.Thatwouldbethewiseoldmanmanifestinginyou,someoneorsomethingnotidenticalwiththeego,buthelpfulinadifficultsituation.

Question:Whydoyounecessarilydenyidentificationwiththeego?

Dr.vonFranz:Becauseifyouidentify,yougetintoaninflation.You

mustbehonestaboutit.Ifyouhavemadeamentaleffort,youcansaythatitwasyourthought,butithassometimeshappenedtomethatIhavesaidsomething,andafterwardspeoplehavequotedit,sayingthatbythatIsavedtheirlives.IfIamhonest,IreplythatIhadnotrealizedwhatIwassaying,butsaidwhatcametome,andthathappenedtobesomethingmuchwiserthananythingIcouldhavethought.Butevenifyoumaketheeffort,andsubjectivelyhavethefeelingthatyouthoughtitout,actuallyitcamefromthe

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unconscious,forwithoutitscooperationyoucannotproduceanything.Evenifyousaythatattwelveo'clockyoumustremembertodoacertainthing,iftheunconsciousdoesnotcooperate,youwillforgetit.

Ofcourse,anykindofmentalinsightcomesfromtheunconscious,butthatisanexaggeratedpostulateforsometimesyouhavethefeelingthatyouhaveworkedoutsomethingbyyourownefforts,whileanothertimethattheideajustcametoyou,withoutconsciouseffortonyourpart.Onemustbenaiveandhonest,andnotbeinflatedandclaimsuchgoodideasforoneself;itwasthewiseoldman,orthewiseoldwoman,ortheDivinity,speakingifthisisconfirmedbythedreams.Ifsomeonedreamsofthewiseoldmanandhassuchanexperience,thenthatisanempiricaldemonstration.Thefireballwillnotprovidethesameexperience,thoughinawayitisevenmoremarvellous,forthepersonwillbemuchmoreaffectedemotionallyhewillbeoverwhelmed,grippedbythemystery,bythecompleteothernessoftheDivine.

AnexperienceoftheDivineisoftenofanoverwhelmingpowerbeyondone'sowncomprehension,whichisdangerous,buttowhichonehastoadapt,asonehastoadapttoamanifestationinnaturesuchastheexplosionofavolcano.Thatisabeautifulsight,butonemustnotgettoonear,anditisimpossibletorelatetoit.Youcanonlylookatit,butitissomethingwhichyouwillneverforget.Emotionallyitdoessomethingtoone,butitwouldneedapoettodescribeit.Thatwouldcorrespondtothemanifestationsofthearchetypeasnaturalphenomena.Naturehasanuminousanddivineaspectasexperiencedbythehumanbeing,whichexplainswhythehumanimageofGodhasbothaspects.InmostreligionstherearepersonificationsofGodinbothforms.

InthehistoryofthedevelopmentoftheEuropeanmind,astrange

kindofenantiodromiaandoppositionhasdevelopedsinceGreciantimes.IntheHomericreligionthepersonifiedaspectwasexaggerated.Inthenaturalphilosophyofpre-Socraticphilosophersthenatureaspectwasexaggerated.WhileinStoicismmoreemphasiswaslaidonthenatureaspect,inChristianitytherewasatfirstareturntoamorepersonifiedaspect.Fromthe15thand16thcenturieson,emphasiswasagainplacedonthenatureaspect.ItseemsasifinthedevelopmentoftheEuropeanmindtherebeganacertainbalancingoftheopposites,namelyofthedifferenceorcontrastbetweenscienceandreligion,whichbecamethegreat

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pseudoproblemoflatermoderntimes:scienceversusreligion.

Irefertoitarbitrarilyandderisivelyasapseudoproblembecauseoriginallyitwasnoproblem,andactuallythereisonlytheonethingthesearchfortheultimatetruth.Ifyoureturntothatquestionandsaythatyourinterestisinthetruthandnotinwhichfacultyoftheuniversityitistobefound,thentheproblemcollapses.Somepeoplearecaughtintheprojectionofthenaturepowerrepresentationsofthearchetype,andothersinthepersonifiedpowers,andthetwofight.Someamongyoumightobject,askinghownaturalscientistscouldalsobecaughtbyprojections.Toananalystthatisself-evident,butIwantbrieflytospeaktothoseamongyouwhohaveperhapsnotgivenmuchthoughttothesethings.

Ifyoureadthehistoryofthedevelopmentofchemistryandparticularlyofphysics,youwillseethatevensuchexactnaturalsciencescouldnot,andstillcannot,avoidbasingtheirthoughtsystemsoncertainhypotheses.Inclassicalphysics,uptotheendofthe18thcentury,oneoftheworkinghypotheses,arrivedateitherunconsciouslyorhalf-consciously,wasthatspacehadthreedimensions,anideawhichwasneverquestioned.Thefactwasalwaysaccepted,andperspectivedrawingsofphysicalevents,diagrams,orexperiments,werealwaysinaccordancewiththattheory.Onlywhenthistheoryisabandoneddoesonewonderhowsuchathingcouldeverhavebeenbelieved.Howdidonecomebysuchanidea?Whywerewesocaughtthatnobodyeverdoubtedorevendiscussedthematter?Itwasacceptedasaself-evidentfact,butwhatwasattherootofit?JohannesKepler,oneofthefathersofmodernorclassicphysics,saidthatnaturallyspacemusthavethreedimensionsbecauseoftheTrinity!SoourreadinesstobelievethatspacehasthreedimensionsisamorerecentoffspringoftheChristiantrinitarianidea.

Further,untilnowtheEuropeanscientificmindhasbeenpossessedbytheideaofcausality,anideahithertoacceptedwithoutquestion:everythingwascausal,andthescientificattitudewasthatinvestigationsshouldbemadewiththatpremiseinmind,fortheremustbearationalcauseforeverything.Ifsomethingappearedtobeirrational,itwasbelievedthatitscausewasnotyetknown.Whywerewesodominatedbythatidea?OneofthechieffathersofnaturalsciencesandagreatprotagonistoftheabsolutenessoftheideaofcausalitywastheFrenchphilosopherDescartes,andhe

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basedhisbeliefontheimmutabilityofGod.ThedoctrineoftheimmutabilityofGodisoneoftheChristiantenets:theDivinityisunchanging,theremustbenointernalcontradictionsinGod,ornewideasorconceptions.Thatisthebasisoftheideaofcausality!FromthetimeofDescartesonwardsthisseemedsoself-evidenttoallphysiciststhattherewasnoquestionaboutit.Sciencehadmerelytoinvestigatethecauses,andwestillbelievethis.Ifsomethingfallsdownthenonemustfindoutwhythewindmusthaveblownit,orsomethinglikethat,andifnoreasonisdiscoveredIamsurethathalfofyouwillsaythatwedonotyetknowthecause,butthattheremustbeone!Ourarchetypalprejudicesaresostrongthatonecannotdefendoneselfagainstthem,theyjustcatchus.

Thelatephysicist,ProfessorWolfgangPauli,frequentlydemonstratedtheextenttowhichmodernphysicalsciencesareinawayrootedinarchetypalideas.Forinstance,theideaofcausalityasformulatedbyDescartesisresponsibleforenormousprogressintheinvestigationoflight,ofbiologicalphenomena,andsoon,butthatthingwhichpromotesknowledgebecomesitsprison.Greatdiscoveriesinnaturalsciencesaregenerallyduetotheappearanceofanewarchetypalmodelbywhichrealitycanbedescribed;thatusuallyprecedesbigdevelopments,forthereisnowamodelwhichenablesamuchfullerexplanationthanwashithertopossible.

Sosciencehasprogressed,butstillanymodelbecomesacage,forifonecomesacrossphenomenadifficulttoexplain,theninsteadofbeingadaptableandsayingthatthephenomenadonotconformtothemodelandthatanewhypothesismustbefound,oneclingstoone'shypotheseswithakindofemotionalconvictionandcannotbeobjective.Whyshouldn'ttherebemorethanthreedimensions,whynotinvestigateandseewhereweget?Butthatpeoplecouldnotdo.

IrememberaverygoodillustrationgivenbyoneofPauli'spupils.Youknowthatthetheoryofetherplayedagreatroleinthe17thand18thcenturiesnamely,thattherewasakindofcosmicair-likepneumainthecosmosinwhichlightexisted,etc.OnedaywhenaphysicistataCongressprovedthatthetheoryofetherwasquiteunnecessary,anoldmanwithawhitebeardgotupandinaquaveringvoicesaid:''Ifetherdoesnotexist,theneverythingisgone"!ThisoldmanhadunconsciouslyprojectedhisideaofGodintoether.Etherwashisgod,andifhedidnothavethatthentherewasnothingleft.Themanwasnaiveenoughtospeakofhisideas,butallnaturalscientistshaveultimatemodelsofrealityinwhich

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theybelieve,justliketheHolyGhost.

Itisaquestionofbelief,notofscience,andthereforesomethingwhichcannotbediscussed,andpeoplegetexcitedandfanaticalifyoupresentthemwithafactwhichdoesnotfittheframe.Theyarecapableofsayingthatthewholeexperimentisfalseandphotographsmustbeproduced,anditispracticallyimpossibletogetthemtoacceptthefact.Iknewaphysicistwhosedreamspointedtoanewdiscoverynotyetmade,andwhichhehimselfhadnotmade,butwhichwasintheair,sotospeak.Fromthedreamsweconcludedthathisbeliefinasymmetricalrelationshipbetweenmaterialphenomenashouldbegivenup.Thephysicistsaidthatsuchanideawoulddrivehimcrazy!Butaboutthreemonthslater,exactexperimentalresultswerepublishedprovingthatwhathehaddreamtwascorrect,andthathewouldhavetodrophisformerideasaboutthecosmicorder.

Sothearchetypeisthepromoterofideasandisalsoresponsiblefortheemotionalrestrictionswhichpreventtherenunciationofearliertheories.Itisreallyonlyadetailorspecificaspectofwhathappenseverywhereinlife,forwecouldnotrecognizeanythingwithoutprojection,butitisalsothemainobstacleinarrivingatthetruth.Ifonemeetsanunknownwoman,itisnotpossibletomakecontactwithoutprojectingsomething;youmustmakeahypothesis,whichofcourseisdonequiteunconsciously:thewomaniselderlyandprobablyakindofmotherfigure,andanormalhumanbeing,etc.Youmakeassumptionsandthenyouhaveabridge.Whenyouknowthepersonbetter,thenmanyearlierassumptionsmustbediscardedandyoumustadmitthatyourconclusionswereincorrect.Unlessthisisdone,thenyouarehamperedinthecontact.

Atfirst,onehastoproject,orthereisnocontact,butthenoneshouldbeabletocorrecttheprojection,anditisthesamenotonlyasregards

humanbeings,buteverythingelsealso.Theprojectionapparatusmustofnecessityworkinus,nothingcanevenbeseenwithouttheunconsciousprojectionfactor.ThatiswhyaccordingtoIndianphilosophythewholeofrealityisaprojection,whichitis,inasubjectivemannerofspeaking.Tousrealityexistsonlywhenwehaveprojectionsonit.

Question:Canyourelatewithoutprojection?

Dr.vonFranz:Idon'tthinkso.Philosophicallyspeaking,youcannotrelatewithoutprojection,butthereisasubjectivefeeling

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statusinwhichyousometimesfeelthatyourprojectionfits,andthatthereisnoneedtochangeit,andanotherstatusinwhichyoufeeluneasy,thinkingthatitoughttobecorrected.Butnoprojectionisevercorrectedwithoutsuchafeelingofuneasiness.

Letusassumethatthereisinyouanunconsciousliarandyoumeetsomeonewholieslikeatrooper.Youcanonlyrecognizetheliarintheotherbecauseyouarealiaryourself,otherwiseyouwouldnotbeawareoftheother.Aqualityinanotherpersoncanonlyberecognizedifonehasthesamequalityandknowswhatitfeelsliketolie,andthereforeonerecognizesthesamethingintheotherperson.Sincetheotherpersonreallyisaliar,youhavemadeatruestatement,andwhyshouldyoucallthataprojectionwhichshouldbetakenback?Itmakesabasisforrelationship,foryouthinktoyourself:IfXisaliar,whateverhetellsmeImustnotbelieveentirely,Imustquestionit.Thatisveryreasonableandwelladaptedandright.Itwouldbeverywrongtothinkitwasonlyone'sprojection,andthatoneshouldbelievetheotherperson;onewouldbeafooltodoso.Butifyoutakethatphilosophically,thenisitaprojectionorastatementoffact?Philosophically,youcannotreachaconclusion,youcanonlysaythatsubjectivelyitseemstobecorrect.ThatiswhyJungsaysandthisisasubtlepointwhichisseldomunderstoodwhenpeoplethinkaboutprojectionthatwecanonlyspeakofprojection,inthepropersenseoftheword,whentherealreadyexistsacertainuneasiness,whenthefeelingidentityisdisturbed;thatis,whenIhaveanuneasyfeelingastowhetherwhatIhavesaidaboutXistrueornot.Untilthathashappenedautonomouslywithinme,thereisnoprojection.

Thesamethinkappliestothenaturalsciences.Forinstance,thetheorythatmatterconsistsofparticlesisbasedupontheprojectionofanarchetypalimage,foraparticleisanarchetypalimage.Energyisalsoanarchetypalimage,anintuitiveconceptwithanarchetypal

background.Itisnotpossibletoinvestigatematterwithoutsuchhypotheses,i.e.,thatthereissomethinglikeenergy,somethinglikematter,andsomethinglikeparticles.

ButImaymeetwithphenomenawhichgivemeafeelingofuneasiness.Forinstance,therearephenomenawhereIcannotspeakofthiselectron,orthismeson,beinginagivenmomentatadefiniteplace,althoughifthereissuchathingasaparticle,thenitmustbeatacertainplaceatagiventimethatseemstobearchetypallyself-evident.Butnowmodernexperimentsshowthat

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thistheoryisuntenable,thatyoucannotdeterminewherecertainelectronsareataparticularmoment,soweareconfrontedwithafactwhichcallsintoquestionourwholeideaoftheparticle.Nowweareuneasy,andmightrecognizethat,inpart,weprojectinspeakingofparticlesitisaprojectionthathampersourviewofreality.Butbeforetheuneasinessarises,duetothefactthatourprojectiondoesnotfit,thatincertainexperimentstheparticledoesnotbehaveasonewouldexpect,ourconceptwouldnotbedoubted.

Soinnaturalscience,justasininterpersonalcontacts,thereisthesameproblemofprojection,eventhemostscientificandmostmodernandmostaccurateformsofmodernnaturalsciencesareallbasedonprojections.Progressinscienceisthereplacementofaprimitiveprojectionbyonemoreaccurate,sothatonecansaythatnaturalscienceisconcernedwiththeprojectionofmodelsofrealityintowhichphenomenaseemtofitbetter,orlesswell.Ifthephenomenaapparentlyclickwithmymodel,thenitisallright,butifnotthenImustrevisemymodel.Howthatlinksupisagreatproblem.

Asyouknow,therewasafamousquarrelbetweenMaxPlanckandEinstein,inwhichEinsteinclaimedthat,onpaper,thehumanmindwascapableofinventingmathematicalmodelsofreality.Inthishegeneralizedhisownexperiencebecausethatiswhathedid.Einsteinconceivedhistheoriesmoreorlesscompletelyonpaper,andexperimentaldevelopmentsinphysicsprovedthathismodelsexplainedphenomenaverywell.SoEinsteinsaysthatthefactthatamodelconstructedbythehumanmindinanintrovertedsituationfitswithouterfactsisjustamiracleandmustbetakenassuch.Plankdoesnotagree,butthinksthatweconceiveamodelwhichwecheckbyexperiment,afterwhichwereviseourmodel,sothatthereisakindofdialecticfrictionbetweenexperimentandmodelbywhichweslowlyarriveatanexplanatoryfactcompoundedofthetwo.Plato-

Aristotleinanewform!Butbothhaveforgottensomethingtheunconscious.Weknowsomethingmorethanthosetwomen,namelythatwhenEinsteinmakesanewmodelofrealityheishelpedbyhisunconscious,withoutwhichhewouldnothavearrivedathistheories.

Butwhatroledoestheunconsciousplay?Theunconsciousseemstodelivermodelswhichcanbearrivedatdirectlyfromwithinwithoutlookingatouterfacts,andwhichafterwardsseemtofitouterreality.Isthatamiracleornot?Therearetwopossible

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5.Releasingthespiritusfromtheheatedprimamateria:aprojectedimageofwhathappenspsychologicallyintheconsciousassimilationofactivated

unconsciouscontents.

explanations:eithertheunconsciousknowsaboutotherrealities,orwhatwecalltheunconsciousisapartofthesamethingasouterreality,forwedonotknowhowtheunconsciousislinkedwithmatter.Ifawonderfulideaastohowtoexplaingravitationcomesupfromwithinme,canIsaythatitisthenonmaterialunconsciousgivingmeawonderfulideaaboutmaterialreality,orshouldIsaythattheunconsciousgivesmesuchamarvellousideaofouterrealitybecauseitisitselflinkedwithmatter,itisaphenomenonofmatterandmatterknowsmatter?

Thereweareatourwit'sendastohowtoproceed,andhavetoleavethequestionopenandsaythatthegreatXisthatwedonotknowhowtoproceed.Wecanmaketwohypotheses.Dr.Jungisinclinedtothinkthoughhehasneverformulatedthethought,oronlyhypothetically,becausewecannotdomore,wecanonlyspeculateormakeahypothesisthatprobablytheunconscioushasamaterialaspect,whichwouldbewhyitknowsaboutmatter,becauseitismatter,itismatterwhichknowsitself,asitwere.Ifthiswereso,thentherewouldbeadimorvaguephenomenonofconsciousnessevenininorganicmatter.

Therewetouchongreatmysteries,butIspeakofthembecauseitistoocheaptosaythattheoldalchemist,i.e.,themedievalnatural

scientistofantiquity,projectedunconsciousimagesintomatterandnowadaysweareenlightenedandknowwhattheunconsciousis,andwhatmatteris,butthosepoorfellowsjustdidnotdistinguishbetweenthetwo,whichexplainswhytheyweresobackwardandfantasticandunscientific!Thepsyche/matterproblemhasnotyetbeensolved,whichiswhythebasicriddleofalchemyisstillnot

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solved.Theanswertothequestiontheypursuedwehavealsonotdiscovered.Wecanhaveprojectionsofmanythings,justastheyhadaboutmatter,butweprefertospeakoftheirsasnaiveprojectionsoftheunconsciousforwehaveoutgrownthosemodels.Wecanstillrecognizethemasphenomenaoftheunconscious,ordreamstuff,butwecannotrecognizethemanymoreasbeingscientific.Forinstance,ifsomeonesaysthatleadcontainsademon,wecansaythatheprojectstheshadowanddemonichumanqualitiesintolead,butwecannolongerclaimthatleadcontainsademon,fortherewehaveoutgrowntheprojectionandhavereachedadifferentconclusionastohowandwhyleadisharmfultous.

Basically,however,alchemyisstillanopenproblemtous,whichiswhywhenDr.Jungtouchedithefeltthathewastouchingsomethingwhichledstillfurther,andhedidnotyetknowwhere.Ithinkthatisalsopartlywhypeoplehavesuchresistancetoalchemy,foritconfrontsuswithsomethingwecannotyetunderstand.Butthatisagoodthing,foritputsonebackupononeself,andintothemodestattitudeofhavingtodescribephenomenainaccordancewithourpresentknowledge.

NexttimeIwillbeginwithourfirstGreektext.

6.

Alchemistandassistantkneelingbythefurnace,prayingforGod'sblessing.

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Lecture2GreekAlchemyItriedlasttimetogiveyouabriefsketchoftheimportanceofalchemicalsymbolism:inthefirstplace,itcontainsacollectionofarchetypalsymbolswithaminimumofpersonification;andsecondly,thereisagreatdealofmaterialsymbolismfromtheimagesstoredintheunconscious.

Toman,theseimagesofwater,fire,andmetalarejustasimportantsymbolicallyasanypersonificationoftheunconscious.Moreover,heretheunconsciouspsycheandmatterarenotyetseparated;religion,magic,andthenaturalsciencesarenotyetdivided.Weareconfrontedwiththeoriginalsituationwhereallthefacultiesandcategoriesbywhichweobserveouterandinnernaturearenotyetdifferentiated.Manasawholelooksatnatureasawholeandmakescertainworkinghypothesesinthesearchforthetruth.

YouwillrecollectthatatthecloseofmylastlectureIpointedoutthatmuchwhichwasformerlysaidaboutthedifferentmaterialsandprocessesinmatterwecannow,havingoutgrowntheearlystagesofnaturalscience,recognizeasprojectionsoftheunconsciouseventhoughnodefiniteconclusionshavebeenreachedaboutcertainassertions.Forinstance,inamedievaldocumentattributedtoAlberttheGreatthereisatheoryaboutheavywaterwhichlookslikeacompletelyintuitiveanticipationoftheheavywaterwenowknow.Thereforethatsymbolismalsocontainsvagueintuitionswhichanticipateddiscoveriesoflaterscientificdevelopments,thoughwestilldonotknowwhatwasanticipated,forwedonotknowwhatfurtherdiscoverieswillbemadebynaturalscientists.

Ultimately,thequestionastowhetherandhowtheunconsciousisinsomewayconnectedwithmatteris,asIsaid,quiteunsettled.Wedonotwanttospeculateandsorefrainfrommakingstatements;wemerelymakethehypothesisthatthereisapsychewhichmanifestsindreamsandininvoluntarypsychologicalwayswhichwecanstudy,justasphysicistssaythatthereissomethinglikematter,orenergy,andstudythat.Butwearealreadybeginningtoseethatcertainresultsaresosimilarthatitisasifwewere

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tunnellingfromeithersidetowardsthecentreofthesamemountain.Thoughwehavenotreallymetyet,itlooksasthoughwearemovingtowardsthesamegoalandthereforethereisthepossibilityofmeetingoneday.

YourememberthatIalsostressed,perhapsthemostimportantpoint,thatthealchemists,inobservingandexperiencingtheirsymbolsandintheirwrittendescriptions,workedwithoutanyconsciousreligiousorscientificprogram,sothattheirconclusionsarespontaneous,uncorrectedimpressionsoftheunconsciouswithverylittleconsciousinterference,incontrasttoothersymbolicmaterialwhichhadalwaysbeenrevised.Thereforeitisverygratifyingtodiscoverthatthisspontaneousmaterialisakintocertainproductsoftheunconsciousinmodernpeoplewho,withanaturalkindofscientificattitude,aminimumofprejudice,andanattitudeofinnerwithdrawal,observewhatcomesupwithoutdrawinghastyspeculativeconclusionswithresults,however,whichareverysimilar.Theunprogrammedapproach,sotospeak,iscommontobothalchemyandanalyticalpsychology.

ThistimeIwanttolookatoneoftheoldestoftheknowntexts,namelyonefromtheprophetessIsistohersonHorus,onwhichthesignofthesicklemoonappearsbehindthetitle.ButfirstweshouldQconsiderhowwecometobeinpossessionofsuchtextsatall.

Theproductsofantiquity,asyouknow,disappearedintheMiddleAgesandthenwererediscovered.Firstthecriticalsciencesfoundtheminlargetomes.Forinstance,thehistoryofphilosophyandphilologywascollectedbyscientistsoflateantiquityintobookssuchaswewouldcallencyclopedias,orschoolbooks,whichgivesummaries:Platosays...,Aristotlesays...,theStoicphilosopherssay...,andsoon.Unfortunately,comparedtoourmoderncritical

scientists,thesepeoplewererathermuddled.Thereforetheirtheorieswereproducedinasomewhatsloppyway,makingthewholethingresembleastreamofmuddywater.Themoreancientandthemorerecentwritingsareconfusedwiththecommentarieswhichhavebeencopiedandrecopied,rearrangedandabbreviated,etc.,andtoallofthiswehavefallenheir.IntheuncriticalMiddleAges,aselectionofthesetextswasmadefromwhichtheyagainquoted.

Chemistrymetwithalikefate.Olympiodorus,forinstance,ofthe5thcentury,wroteavolumecontainingacollectionofoldersayings.Wehavemanydifferentworksofthiskind,aswellas

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7.TheCodexMarcianusOuroboros,symbolofthealchemicalworkasacircular,selfontainedprocess.

separateproductions.AllthesewerereassembledandbroughtintoonehugeGreekmanuscriptinVeniceandaccordinglyreceivedthetitleoftheCodexMarcianus,theMarcianabeingthelibraryinVenice.InthisCodexMarcianusisassembledthewholeconglomerationofoldandmorerecentsayings,Greekmaterial,andsoon,whichwaspublishedmoreorlessasisbythefamousM.Berthelot.Hepublishedthewholewithoutmuchcriticism,andtogetherwithaM.RuelleaddedarathersuperficialFrenchtranslationsothatitcouldatlastbeprintedanddiscussionstarted.Sincethenmoreversionsandmoremanuscriptshavebeencollected,butthatstillconstitutesthebasiceditionandthemainbasictext.

Decisionsastowhowaswho,whowrotewhat,andtheageofthedifferentwritingswouldbepurespeculation,forsomespeakofthefirstandothersofthethirdcenturydifferingbyasmuchasthreehundredyearsintheirestimatesandverylittleorderhasbeenmadeinthissaladoftradition.Asinthecaseofallnaturalsciences,therewerefirstdirectGreektraditionsfromConstantinople.AnotherstreamofscientifictraditioncamefromtheOrientandreturnedtoEuropevia

SpainandSouthernFranceandSicilyfromthe10thcenturyonwards,whenEuropebecameconnectedwiththeOrientbytheCrusades.Thehistoryofchemistryiscompletelyidenticalwiththatofmathematicsandastrology,andotherbranchessuchasgeometry:partwenttotheByzantineEmpire,viaConstantinople,andtheresttotheOrientandreturnedtoEuropeviatheArabs.

TheArabs,ingeneral,wereveryfaithfultranslatorsandaddedverylittle,theysimplytranslatedfromGreekintoArabic.TherewerealsomanyfamousSyriantranslators.Partsalsowentto

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Persia,andintheOrienttherewerecertaincentreswhichtranslatedthetexts.WehaveGreekandArabicandlaterLatintexts.WheretheGreektextwaslostwehavetheArabictextbutconcludefromthenames,etc.,thattheoriginalwasinGreek.ThenintheseArabic,Moslemcentrestherewerethedifferentsectswhocultivatedthesetraditions;forinstance,theShi-ites,aPersiansectformedinA.D.644inoppositiontotheSunnites,ororthodoxMoslems;andtheDruses,aSyrianpeoplehalfChristianandhalfMohammedan,whoselanguagewaspureArabic.AlreadyintheseIslamiccentressomefewArabsrecognizedthatalchemicalsymbolismcontainedreligioussymbolismandreexperienceditasbeingevenmorereligiousthanchemical,andaddedalittletoitfromtheirownexperience.Usually,however,theyonlytranslated.

OneofthemostfamousoftheArabsisarRazi,orRasisinLatin,whodevelopedthesciencesonthechemicalside.Hewasthefamousmanwhointroducedintochemistrythenecessityofweighingmatter.Formerlyitwassimplysaid:"Putalittlebitofsulphurintoalittlebitoflead,andthenyouhaveit."ButRazisaid:"Alittlebit,thatmakesthewholedifference.Youmusttakesomanyparts,orsomanyouncesofeach,"sooneofthegreataccomplishmentswasinmakingexactweightsanddivisions,whichmeantagreatstepforwardinaccuratenaturalscience.Muchmeritisduetohimonthatside,butnoneonthesymbolicside.Hewasapuretechnician.

HiscounterpartintheArabicworldwouldbeMohammedibnUmail,whofiguresintheLatintextsasSenior.HewascalledtheSheihk,andintheLatinthiswastranslatedasSenior,"theoldone,"whichwouldbethecorrecttranslation,sothathebecameSeniorintheLatintradition,andonlylaterwasitdiscoveredthatthisSeniorwasMohammedibnUmail.InHyderabadaboutahundredwritingshavebeenfoundofthismostimportantmystic,buthavenotyetbeen

published.Thoughitissuchpromisingmaterial,sofewpeopleareinterestedinalchemythatnobodybothersabouttranslationorpublication.Sotherearegoldminesaheadandnobodytoworkthem!

Someofthesepeoplehaveaddedlittlebitsandthen,asImentioned,therewasareturnthroughtheCrusades.OneoftheintellectualbridgestoEuropewasviatheTemplars.TheygotintocloseconnectionwiththeDruses,amoremysticalandpagansectwithintheIslamicworld,whoweresubjecttothe"OldManoftheMountains,"theImam,i.e.,thechiefofthesect.Theyhada

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wholehierarchyofinitiationandtheTemplarsbecameinterestedinthesymbolismoftheirdoctrine.TheseDruses,probablyinJerusalem,gotintoclosetouchwithcertainoftheHighTemplarsandwiththeirso-calledpaganpractices,forwhichtheywerelaterpersecuted.TheDrusesbecameinfectedbysuchsources,aswellasbythepaganleaningsofFredericII,theStauffer,atwhosecourtinSicilywereJewishandIslamicastrologersandmathematiciansandprophets,tothegreatannoyanceofthePope.

Itwasinthisway,aswellasthroughthefamousislandofRhodes,wheretheKnightsofSt.JohnhadaconnectionwiththeOrientandsuchplacesasSpainandsouthernFrance,thatthesewritingscametobetranslatedbyJewsaswellasothers.TheytranslatedthetextsintoLatinandthenbeganabiginfluxofthisnaturalscientifictraditionintoEurope.TheChurch,representedchieflybyAlberttheGreat,St.ThomasofAquinas,andcertainothers,endeavouredtoeliminatethedoubletraditionofChurchandnaturalscience,andtoassimilateandintegratethewholeintotheChurchdoctrine,butwasonlypartlysuccessfulintheattempt.

Thatisjustashortresumeofthehistoricalsituationandthematerialweareconfrontedwith.

IsaidIwouldgiveyouthreehoursonOldGreekalchemy,threeonArabicalchemy,andthreeonmedievalLatintexts.WewillbeginwiththeOldGreektextwhichisintheCodexMarcianus.Itprobablybelongstowhatwecalltheoldestwritingsandisentitled''TheProphetessIsistoherSon."WeknowthatthesonisHorus,thoughthetitledoesnotsayso.Behindthetitleisthesignofthesicklemoon,butwhatthatmeansnobodyknows.Iwillgiveyouthematerialwithoutspeculationsothatyoucanhavethefreshimpactandnotwhathassincebeensaidaboutit.Thedocumentprobablygoesback

toaboutthe1stcenturyA.D.Thatisthecommunisopinioofthescientists,butitmightbeolder.Ifyoureadwhathasbeenwrittenaboutthesebooksyouwillfinditsaidthattheyweremostprobablywritteninsuchandsuchacentury,butthattheywerecertainlybasedonoldertexts,whichimpliessomeuncertainty.SoletussaytheHellenistictime.Tothoseamongyouwhomighthavetheoriginaltext,IwanttosaythatIamnotusingtheFrenchbutmyowntranslation.

YouwillrememberthefamousbattleinwhichSethblindedHorus,andthatHoruscutoffSeth'stesticles,andyouknowthatlaterbothwerecuredbythemoongodThoth,andevencooperated

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intheresurrectionoftheirfatherOsiris.YouwillalsorecollectthefamousbattleofHorus,thesungodwhorestoredorder,withSeth,calledtheHotOne(representingchaoticpassion,destruction,brutality,andsoon),whowastheenemyandmurdererofOsiris.Isisbegins:

Oh,myson,whenyoudesiredtogoawaytofightthetreacherousTyphon[i.e.,Seth]overyourfather'skingdom[thekingdomofOsiris],IwenttoHormanouthi,i.e.,Hermoupolis,thetownofHermes,thetownoftheholytechniqueofEgypt,andstayedtheresometime.

Afterthewords"thetownofHermes"thereisalittlemarginalnote,writtenintheoriginalhand,andnotbyalater,whichsays:"Shemeansthatinamysticalsense,"thatis,thenameofthetownshouldbeunderstoodinthemysticalsense."Theholytechnique"hieratechnereferstoalchemy.

Afteracertainpassingofthekairoiandthenecessarymovementoftheheavenlysphere,ithappenedthatoneoftheangelswhodweltinthefirstfirmamentsawmefromaboveandcametowardsmedesiringtounitewithmesexually.Hewasinagreathurryforthistohappen,butIdidnotsubmittohim.Iresisted,forIwishedtoaskhimaboutthepreparationofgoldandsilver.

ThekairoiplaysanenormousroleinanotherveryoldalchemicaltextwherethewriterZosimos,ofwhomyouknowthroughDr.Jung'scomments,saysthatthewholeofalchemydependsuponthekairos,andheevencallsthealchemicaloperationthekairikaibaphai,thekairoscolouring.Histheoryisthatchemicalprocessesdonotalwayshappenofthemselves,butonlyattheastrologicallyrightmoment;thatis,ifIamworkingwithsilver,themoon,whichistheplanetofsilver,mustbeintherightposition,andifIamworkingwithcopper,Venushastobeinacertainconstellation,otherwisetheseoperationsinsilverandcopperwillnotwork.Onecannotjusttakethosetwo

metalsandunitethem,butmustalsoconsiderandwaitfortheastrologicalconstellationandpraytothoseplanetgods,andifthesethingsarealsoinorder,thenthechemicaloperationmightwork.Takingtheastrologicalconstellationintoconsiderationiswhatismeantbythisideaofkairikaibaphai.Kairosthereforeatthattimeandinthisconnectionmeanstheastrologicallyrighttime,thetimewhenthingscanturnoutsuccessfully.Thealchemististhemanwhomustnotonlyknowthetechnique,butmustalwaysconsidertheseconstellations.ThereforeIsissaysthataccordingtothepassingofthesemoments,

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8.IsissucklingHorus.

onemomentaftertheother(onehastochoosetherightone)andaccordingtothemovementoftheheavenlysphere(whichmeansallthemovementsoftheplanets),ithappened(theGreekwordsunebeisalsoasynchronistichappeningoftheevents)thatoneoftheangelsofthefirstfirmamentcastaneyeuponherandwantedtounitewithhersexually.Sheputshimoff,becauseshewantstogetthealchemicalsecretoutofhim;shemakesabargainwithhimandwillonlygiveherselftohimifhefirsttellsherallheknowsaboutthat.

WhenIputmyquestion,hesaidhedidnotwishtoanswermesinceitwassuchagreatmystery[thesuperlativelygreatmysterytogiveafreertranslationbecausethismysteryistoooverwhelming],butsaidhewouldreturnnextdayandwithhimwouldbeagreaterangel,Amnaël,whowouldbeabletoanswermeandsolvemyproblem.Andhetoldmeabouthissign[meaningprobablyhowsheshouldrecognizetheangel]andthathewouldbearonhishead,andtakeitandshowme,aceramicvesselfullofshiningwater.He[theotherangel]wantedtotellmethetruth.Thisvesselisapossotonandhasnopitchinit.

Iamgivingyouthetextexactlyasitis,andherethereisinthemarginofthetextthissign .Imayaddthatweknowthatthis

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isthesignofthegodChnouphis.SometimesthesamesignisalsousedforthemoongodChons.

Thenextday,whenthesunwasinthemiddleofitscourse[thatis,atmidday],therecamedowntheangelwhowasgreaterthantheother,andhewasgrippedbythesamedesireofmeandwasinagreathurry.[HetoowantedtorapeIsis].ButnonethelessIonlywantedtoaskhimmyquestion.[Sheagaindelays,thinkingonlyofthequestion.]Whenhestayedwithme,Ididnotgivemyselftohim.Iresistedhimandovercamehisdesiretillheshowedmethesignonhishead,andgavemethetraditionofthemysterieswithoutkeepinganythingback,butinthefulltruth.[Soshewinsthebattleandhetellsherallheknowsaboutthetechniqueofalchemy.]Hethenagainpointedtothesign,thevesselhecarriedonhishead,andbegantellingthemysteriesandaboutthemessage.Thenhefirstmentionedthegreatoathandsaid:"Iconjureyou,inthenameofFire,ofWater,ofAirandoftheEarth[twiceaquaternio];IconjureyouinthenameoftheHeightofHeavenandtheDepthoftheEarthandtheUnderworld;Iconjureyou,inthenameofHermesandAnubis,theHowlingofKerkorosandtheguardiandragon;Iconjureyou,inthenameofthatboatanditsferryman,Acharontos;andIconjureyouinthenameofthethreenecessities,andthewhipsandthesword."Afterhehadpronouncedthisoath,hemademewiththisoathpromisenevertotellthemysteryIwasnowtohear,excepttomyson,mychild,andmyclosestfriend,sothatyouareme,andIamyou.

Thetextisrathershort.ItmeansthatitisatremendousmysterywhichIsisnowgetsfromtheangelandwhichshewillonlybeabletotellhersonHorusandherclosestfriend.Whetherhersonisherclosestfriend,ortherearetwopeople,isnotclearfromthegrammar;norwhether"sothatyouareme,andIamyou"means"You,myson,areme"ortheangelandIsis,butprobablybothapply.Itsimplymeansthatthepersonwhoimpartsthatmysterytotheotherpersonfulfillsatthesametimethemysticalunion,thesacredmarriagebetweenmotherandson,IsisandHorus,orthatbetweentheangelandIsis,because

eachtimethemysteryistoldthetwoalsobecomeonethatisprobablythemeaning.

NowyougoandwatchandaskAcheronthepeasant.[AvariationgivesAcharontos.Thereisnotransitionhereinthetext,butprobablyfromnowonwehearthemystery.Unfortunatelyinthosedaystheyhadnosigns,noquotes,oranythinglikethat.Oneneverknowswherethequotesshouldbe,butIthinkitisobviousthatitbeginshere.Itmeansthatnowthemysterywillbeimpartedandyoushouldlistentoit.]Comeandlook,andaskthepeasantAcharontos,andlearnfromhimwhoisthesower,whoistheharvester,andlearnthathewhosowsbarleywillalsoharvestbarleyandhewhosowswheatwillalsoharvestwheat.Nowmychild,ormyson,youhaveheardthatasanintroduction,andnowrealizefromthatthatthisis

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thewholecreationandthewholeprocessofcomingintobeing,andknowthatamanisonlyabletoproduceaman,andalionalion,andadogadog,andifsomethinghappenscontrarytonature[probablymeaningcontrarytothislaw],thenitisamiracleandcannotcontinuetoexist,becausenatureenjoysnature,andnatureovercomesnature.[Thatisthefamoussayingwhichalsoappearsinmanyothertexts,butusuallyas:"Natureenjoysnature,natureimpregnatesnature,andnatureovercomesnature."]Havingpartofthedivinepowerandbeinghappyaboutitsdivinepresence,Iwillnowalsoanswertheirquestionsaboutsands,whichonedoesnotpreparefromothersubstances,foronemuststaywithexistingnatureandthematteronehasinhandinordertopreparethings.JustasIsaidbefore,wheatcreateswheat,andamanbegetsaman,andthusalsogoldwillharvestgold,likeproduceslike.NowIhavemanifestedthemysterytoyou.

Atthebeginningofthenextsectionthereissomethingstrange,whereitsays"wewillprepare"andsoon,speakingintheplural.PossiblyitmeansthatIsisandHorusarenowalreadytogether.Thencomesaclassicalbeginningoforalandantiquerecipes.InGermanrecipesbegin"Mannehme,"andinGreektheybeginwith"Labon,"i.e.,"taking."Herethenextparagraphbegins:

Takequicksilver,fixitinlumpsofearthorbymagnesiaorsulphurandretainit.[Thisisfixationthroughwarmth,themixtureofspecies.]Takeonepartofleadandofthepreparationfixedthroughwarmth,andtwopartsofthewhitestone,andfromthesamestoneonepart,andonepartofyellowRealgar[thatmeansredsulphurofarsenic]andonepartofthegreenstone[onedoesnotknowwhatthatis].Mixthewholewithlead,andwhenithasdisintegrated,reduceitthreetimestoaliquid[i.e.,meltitthreetimes].

Takequicksilverwhichthroughcopperhasbecomewhite,andtakefromitanotheronepartandfromdominantmagnesia,withonepartofwater,andfromwhatremainsatthebottomofthevesselandwhichhasbeentreatedwithlemonjuice,useonepart,andfromarsenicwhichhasbeencatalysed

withtheurineofanotyetcorruptedboy,onepart,andthenfromCadmeia[cadmia,calamineinEnglish,whichsimplyimpliesamineralwhichengendersfire],onepartandfromPyrite[alsoamineralwhichengendersfire]onepartandonepartfromsandcookedwithsulphur,andfromleadmonoxidewithasbestostwoparts,andfromtheashesofKobathia[thatisprobablyalsoanarsenicsulphite]onepart,andliquidatethewholewithaverysharpacid,awhiteacid,anddryit,andthenyouhavethegreatwhiteremedy.

Thiscontinuesfortwomorepages,butIwilltakethelibertyofshorteningit.Iwanttoconfrontyouwithit,foruptillnowwehavenotknownwhatthesewordsmean.Naturallychemistshavemadea

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profoundstudyofthetextsandwithacertainprobabilityhavebeenabletomakeoutwhichGreekwordsmightmeanwhichsubstance,sinceinsomecasesthereisalittledescriptionshowingthattheyhavesuchandsuchaneffect,fromwhichthechemistcoulddeducethatacertaindefinitesubstancewasindicated.Butinthecaseofanumberofotherwords,forinstanceKobathiawhichItranslatedas"greenstone"andthewordwhichIdidnottranslatebutleftas"magnesia"thoughitisnotwhatwemeannowbymagnesia,wereallydonotknowwhattheymean;weareprettysuretheyrefertosomecookedchemicalsubstances,buttheyaresoparadoxicallydescribedinthedifferenttextsthatwecannotbecertain.

Thenthereisaquitedifferentmaterial,namelytheurineofanuncorruptedboy.Naturally,urinealsocontainsimportantandcorrosivesubstancesandwasusedalot,butthefactthatitmustbethatofanuncorruptedboy,onewhohadnotyetreachedtheageofpuberty,showsalsowhatalargepartmagicalrepresentationsplayed.Itisageneralprejudice,orancientsuperstition,thattheurineofuncorruptedboysisparticularlyefficient,notonlyinchemicaloperationsbutinlovecharms,etc.,whereitismoreefficaciousthanordinaryurine.Ithassomethingmagicalinit.

Ijustpickonthisbecausehereweknowsomethingmorefromotherfields.Forinstance,weknowthatinthepracticeofmagictheurineofanuncorruptedboywasoftenused;thatwasanAfricanandalsoparticularlyanEgyptiantradition.Shortlybeforepubertyboysaremoregiftedmediums,afacultywhichtheyloselateron.Magicianswhoveryoftenpractisedhynotismusedotherpeopleasmediums,puttingthemtosleepsotheywouldrevealthetruth.Forsuchmagicalandinancienttimesverywidespreadexperiments,childrenwerepreferredwhohadnotreachedtheageofpuberty,sometimesgirls,butmoreoftenboys,anduncorruptedboyswereregardedasbeingpurer

vesselsoftheunconsciousthroughwhichghostsandgodscouldspeak.Thereareinnumerablemagicrecipeswhere,forinstance,itissaidthatifyouwishtofindsomethingwhichhasbeenstolen,thenputanuncorruptedboytosleep,cooksuchandsuchathing,givehimsuchandsuchathingtoeat,andthenwhenheisasleep,askhimwherethelostsubjectisandwhileinatrancehewilltellyou.Thatwastheroleoftheuncorruptedboyinotherfieldsandthereforeprobablytheurineofanuncorruptedboyhasthesameconnotationhere,whereitisalsoregardedasthemagicalsubstancesincetheyhavesuchassociationsinmind.

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9.Thealchemicalimageofthe"pissingmannikin,"andtheuseof"theurineofan

uncorruptedboy"asasolvent,relatetothepsychologicalrealitythattheunconsciousismoreresponsivetothenaiveandspontaneousattitudes

associatedwithchildhood.

Remark:AparalleltoIsisgettingthealchemicalmysteriesfromtheangelwouldbethefallenangel,Azazel,givingtheJewsknowledgeoftheblacksmith'sart.TheprofessorattheE.T.H.wholecturedonalchemyatanEranosmeetingsaidthattheideathatthesmithwasconnectedwithalchemyoriginatedinTobalki.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes.IntheBookofEnoch,thereisawholedescriptionofallthetechniquesgiventotheangels.Originally,theartofthesmithattheforgeandthatofthealchemistwereregardedasbeingthesameandheldthesametradition,thoughIthinktheTobalkiideaisratherarbitrary.Butitisatradition.IntheOldTestamentitissaidthatthedaughtersofmengottheartoftheforgeandalchemyeitherfromtheangelsorfromthefallenangels,eitherbywhoredom,or,asinthis

case,itsopposite,forIsisatleast

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putshimoffuntilshehasgotoutofhimwhatshewantstoknow.Sotherearedifferentversions.Sometimesitissaidthatthedaughtersofmenhadrelationshipswithgiants,sotheangelsaresometimesreplacedbygiants.Thetextcontinuesforoverapagewiththeserecipesandthenturnstooperations.Iwillgiveyoualittlesothatyoucangetthefeelofit:

Ifyouwanttomakesomethingwhiteofthebodies[i.e.,thematerial],mixitwithquicksilveranddropsofasbestosandurineandgoatsmilkandnatron,andthenyoucanmakeeverythingwork,andifyouwanttoknowhowtodoubleasubstance,orhowtocolourthematerial,andallthedispositions,thenknowthateverythinghasthesamemeaning[andthatisimportant],thateverythingtendstohavethesamemeaning[i.e.,themeaningislikelyalwaystobethesameforthesameoperation].Nowrealizethemystery,myson,thedrug,theelixirofthewidow.

Isisisfrequentlyreferredtoasthewidowinthetextandthereforefromtheverybeginninginalchemythephilosopher'sstone,themystery,iscalledthemysteryofthewidow,thestoneofthewidow,ortheorphan'sstone;therewasaconnectionbetweenthewidowandtheorphan,butitallpointstoIsis.Thetextendswithanotherrecipe:

Takearsenic,cookitinwater,mixitwitholiveoil,andthenleaveitinabottleandputcoalsonituntilitsteamsandalsothesamethingcanbemadewithRealgar....

Herethetextbreaksoff,andthenisrepeatedalloveragain.Soyouseewhatweareupagainst!Sometimestheformulavariesalittle.Forinstance,amanmaynotbecalledAcharontos,butAcharos,andsoon,butotherwiseitisexactlythesame.Acharontosisquiteaproblemwhichwewilldiscusslater.

Iwouldlikenowtodiscussandamplifythetextbitbybitinordertofindoutwhatitcouldmean.Dr.Sashasalreadymentionedageneralamplificationforthefirstpart,orratherforthewholestructureofthe

tale,namelythatitisaparalleltothestoryintheBookofEnochwhereitissaidthatallartsandcrafts,aswellascosmetictricks,andsoon,werestolenbythedaughtersofmenfromeitherangelsor,accordingtootherversions,giants.Thatis,atfirsttheangels,orthegiants,haveit,andthenthewomengetit.HereitisnotthewomenbutIsiswhogetsitfromtheangelandthenimpartsittoHorus,whichishowthetraditionbegan.

Whatwouldyousaypsychologicallyaboutthismyth?Allevilissaidtocomefromwomen,asweknowfromGenesisandthestory

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10.TheTemptingofEve."Knowledgeis

eitherpoisonousorhealing....Onehastohaveadoubleattitudeaboutit,the

teachingofthefelixculpa."vonFranz.

ofEve,whoalsowasclosertotheproblemofhowtogetknowledgefromGod.Inthatstory,Evegotitfromthesnake,andthenimpartedittoAdamwhichwasalsotheftbecauseGodkeptknowledgeofHimselftoHimselfandafterwardsmanknewgoodandevil,asGoddid.

InGenesisthetheftislookedonasbeingonlyevil,andintheBookofEnochthetheftofthetechniqueiscolouredinthesameway,namelythatthetheftofthesesecretsbywomenhasplayedapartinthecorruptionofourworld,sincetherebytheoriginalinnocenceoftheworldhasbeenlost.Butinourtextthefeelingisquitechanged,forwhenIsissucceedsingettingthesecretfromthoseangelsitisseenasagreatachievement.Soherewehaveaswitchinthefeelingjudgement,thoughtheeventitselfseemsaverynearparallel:thefemaleelement,thefeminineprinciple,getsitfromdeeperlayersandthenisthemediatorwhohandsitontomankind.

Wecanrecognizethesymbolismoftheanima,forthestoryofEveisevenmoretruefortheanimathanjustforwomen,andherethereis

thesameideaexpressedsymbolicallyfromtheunconscious.ThegoddessIsishasbesideherthesignofthemoon.IntheselatetimesIsiswasidentifiedwithHathor,thecowgoddessandthemoongoddess,andtheskygoddessNut.Shewasalreadythereinthislatephaseofhistoricaldevelopment.InthelateEgyptianreligionsheisakindofcosmicfemininegoddess,embracingtheaspectofallotherfemininegoddessesofoldEgyptandis,soto

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speak,thegreatcarrierofthemysteryofnature.Sheembracesnaturecompletely.Asyouknow,inApuleius'sprayertoIsis,inTheGoldenAss,sheisaddressedasDominarerum,rulerofthewholecosmicnature,andintheselatetimesshewasworshippedintheaspectofcosmicnature.Hereshedoesnotappeardirectlyasagoddess,butratherasaprophetessIsisprophetis.Thatsheisalsoaprophetessisnaturallystressedbecausesheanticipatesfuturedevelopments:shetellsthetruth,whichthencomestopass;sheimpartsthetruthwhichbeforewashidden.

Question:IamstillvagueastotherelevanceofthistothetotalmotiveorpurposeofJungianpsychology.Iseethatyouhavespentsomeenergyandeffortonthistext.NowdoIhearyousaythatthisisrelevantintermsoftheinterpretationofthesymbolismofone'sdreams?Isthatcorrect?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,certainly.Sayyouareconfrontedwithamanwhodreamsthatamysteriouswomancomestowardshim.Iremembersuchadream,itwastheinitialdreamofamanwhohadasexproblem.Idonotknowexactlywhat,foritwasnotmycase,buthehadsomekindofsexproblem,andinhisdreamanunknownwoman,whomadeagreatimpressiononhim,toldhimthatthewholesecretconsistedindryingthepowderwithintheapple.

Question:Sothepointwouldbetherelevancethishadtotheperson'slife?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes.Supposeamancomestoanalysisandsaysheisimpotent,oraDonJuan.Wemaysaythatwewillseewhattheunconscioussaysaboutit.Colleagueshavetoldhimlongagowhatcanbesaidconsciously,butthathasnothelpedhimandheisattheendofhistether.Hesaysthatheknowsallaboutit,namelythatitishismothercomplex,butnothinghaschanged.Soapparentlythatdoes

nothelp.Thereforeonesays,let'slookatthedreams.Andtheninadreamamarvellouswomanappearsandtellshimthatitisalltheproblemofdryingthewhitepowderintheapple.Hethinksthatisrubbish,buthehassomethingtolearn.Hewillnotgiveanyassociations,forpeoplecannotgiveassociationstotheirarchetypaldreams.Whitepowderinanappledoesnotsuggestanythingtotheman;hemaysaythathelikesapples,orsomethinglikethat,butyougetnothingoutofhimandthereforeyouhavetoknowmankind'sassociations.

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Ifyoucangettheanalysand'sassociations,thatismuchbetter,butwhenyouhavesuchmotifsinadreamthereisgenerallyablankandyouhavetosay,forinstance,thatmankindhasbelievedthattheapplecontainstheknowledgeofGod,ofgoodandevil,andyouremindhimoftheBible,andthatpeoplealwayssaidthattheapplerenewedthesecrets.Youtellhimafewmythsaboutitandthenhebeginstogetimpatientandsays,''Yes,butwhatdoesthatmeanforme?"Themythsshowthatthereisanotherevaluation,forinthebiblicalmythevaluationisfromthefeelingstandpointandisspecifiedasbadluckandanaccident.OnlyinlaterCatholicinterpretationistherethefelixculpawhichsays,"ThankGodAdamandEvesinned,forotherwiseChristcouldnothaveredeemedus."ButoriginallythefeelingtonewasthatAdamwascorruptedthroughEveandeverythingthenwentwrong.EventheChurchalwayssaidthatMaryputeverythingrightandEveeverythingwrong.Eveisonlytolerablebecausethingswereputrightlater,butthefeelingtone,atleastintheOldTestament,isthatinEve'ssinoriginatedallthebadluck,andthatitwasveryunluckythatAdamandEveatethatapple.Inourtext,however,itisanachievementfornowIsishasgotthemarvelloussecretoutoftheangelandsayssheisgoingtotellhersonaboutit.Thetexttellsusthataliongeneratesalion,andthatiswhatIsistellsasthesecret.

Asalreadyindicated,ourIsisstoryisaparalleltothebiblicalstory,butwithadifferentfeelingjudgement.IntheBibleitisratherthecorruptingaccident,whileheretohaveobtainedthesecretfromtheangelsisdescribedasawonderfulachievement.Nothingissaidabouteverythinggoingwrongwiththeworldbecausethesecrethasbeenrevealed,butratherthatitissomarvellousthatIsiswillonlytellhersonandherbestfriendaboutit.Ifyouwanttogoontothepsychologicalinterpretation,whatwouldthatdifferencemean?Mankindisquitedividedovertheevaluationoftheoriginofscience

andtechnique,theoriginofchemistryandofthenaturalsciences,ofsomekindofknowledge.Doesknowledgecorrupt,ordoesithelp?

Remark:ItseemstomethattheBiblesaysthatknowledgewhichiswhattheapplerepresentsiscorruptiveinitself.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,throughitwegotthrownoutofParadise.

Question:AreyoulookingatknowledgeasbelongingtoGod?

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Dr.vonFranz:YesfromonepointofviewitisanidentificationwithGod,sotakingthatknowledgeconstitutedanactofinflation.Theegoseizedsomethingwhichdidnotbelongtoit,sogotinflatedandlostitsbalanceandeverythingwentwrong.Buthere,intheIsisstory,theevaluationisentirelyopposite,implyingthatwehavemadegreatprogress,wehavegotthissecretoutoftheangels,somethingsoimmensethatIwillonlytellmysonandmyfriendaboutit.Herethereisnomentionofanyinflationorbadluck.

Inthistextthereistheoppositeofthereligioustraditionandnaturalsciencesinnuce.Havethetechniquesandnaturalscienceswehaveattainedbroughtusbadluck?Havetheyjustcorruptedman'soriginalstate,oraretheyanindicationofprogress?Itissomethingmuchdeeper,foranincreaseofconsciousnessisimplied,adevelopmentofhumanconsciousness.Isthatadvantageoustousornot?Willwegetworseandworsebybecomingmoreconscious,andestrangedfromnatureandloseourbalance,orisittheonethingwemustdo?IfwetrytobecomeconsciousdowefulfillthewillofGod,orgocontrarytoit?Thatisthehiddenquestion.

Itisareligiousprojection,andifweputitmorehumbly,psychologically,thereisadiscussionoftheproblemastowhetheranincreaseofconsciousnessisprogressornot.Whenpeoplecometoyouinanalysis,menorwomen,theysaythattheyoftenthinkitbettertoletsleepingdogslie.Whyshouldonedigupproblemsaboutwhichthemoreyouthink,themoremuddledyoubecome?Leaveittonatureandproblemswillrightthemselvessomehow!Thentherecomesaboywhohasamotherfixationanddoesnotwanttoleavehomeandyouanalyseandshowhimfromhisdreamsthatobviouslyheshouldpullawayfromhismother,butthenshecomesstorminginandaskswhyyoudigupsuchthingsanddestroythefamilyharmony,whyyousaysuchthingstohersonanddestroytheirgoodcontactthewholefamily

isupsetandtheboynobetter!

Soisanincreaseofconsciousnessagoodthingorabadthing?Wetherapistshavetoputthatquestiontoourselveseverytime.Andwealwaysmeetsuchlifeassociations.Somebodyspeakstoyouinthetrainandaskswhatyoudoprofessionally,andifyousayyouareapsychoanalyst,theysaythatisveryinteresting,andthattheyhavehadadreamandwilltellittoyou!Theythinkdreamsmeannothing,butthedreamshowstheman'sproblemandyouwonderwhetheryoushouldstickapinintohimandadropofthepoisonofknowledgeandgivehimanideaastowhatitreallymeans,orjustsaythatthisisnotaconsultation.

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Knowledgeiseitherpoisonousorhealing,itisoneortheother,andthatiswhysomemythssaythatknowledgebringsaboutthecorruptionoftheworldandothersthatknowledgeishealing,andthenwehavethebiblicalideawhichsaysthatitisfirstcorruption,butlaterturns,thankGod,intohealing.IntheOldTestamentitmeantcorruption,butChrist,whomadesomethingoutofit,turneditintohealing,soonehastohaveadoubleattitudeaboutit,theteachingofthefelixculpa.

Inanactualsituation,however,youcannotassumeadoubleattitude.Eachtimethereistheterribleproblem,shallItellthem,ornot?Youhavethewholeethicalresponsibilityandeachtimedonotknowwhetheryouhavedonetherightorthewrongthing.Itistheproblemofconsciousness.Whatshouldmandowithhisconsciousness?Howshouldhehandleit?Yousee,ifIamconsciousofwhatadreammeans,howshallIhandleit?ShallIuseitaspoisonorasahealingfactor?Consciousness,orknowledge,isaterrificproblemwhichwehavenotsolvedyet.

Remark:Weneverwillsolveit,itistheproblemwithwhichwelive.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,thatistrue,butagenerality.Onemustgomoredeeplyintoitthanthat.Weneedamorespecificattitude,forotherwiseonecanbesloppyaboutitandsaythatitisaproblemonewillalwayshavesinceoneisapsychotherapist,butitisaproblemofrelationship.Itisaproblemandonethatwehavetotakeseriouslyandnotjustdismiss.

Inamostgeneralway,youcansaythatitistheproblemofmankind,formanisthatstrangeinventionofnaturewhichcarriesanewformofconsciousness.Anthropologybookssaythatmanisdistinguishedbythephenomenonofconsciousnessanddoesnothimselfquiteknowhowtoevaluatethisquality.Isonetoexperienceitasacurseorasa

blessing?HereweareatthebeginningofthenaturalsciencesofEuropeantradition,ourtextcomesfrompagansourceswithoutanyJudaeo-Christianinfluence,butEgyptianandGreekinfluence,andthereisanentirelypositiveevaluation.Whenyouanalysemodernmen,modernphysicists,youwillbeconfrontedwithamanwhohasthesameattitude.Hebelievesinscienceandthathewillhelpmankindbyhisadditionaldiscoveries,sothereisthesameattitudeandsituation.Thereforeitisinterestingtostudytheunconscioussymbolismofsuchatrendforitisagainpresentandverymuchdiscussedinourtime.

Iamverypleasedyouasksuchquestionsbecausethesethings

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havetobebroughtintoreality.Youmaysaywhydiguptheseheavyoldtextswithalltheircomplications,butdon'tforgetthatthatistherootofthegoodideasandtheprejudicesofourcivilization.Ifwedon'tdiscussthesebasicprejudicesofourcivilization,weshallnevercontactothercivilizations.Wemustknowwhatprejudiceswehave,thoughwemaystillkeepthem,sayingthatwelikethem,butonecanthinkdifferently,opinionsdodiffer.Suchbroadnessofmindisnecessaryifonewishestoanalysepeopleobjectivelyandnotbethepropagandistofonetrend;ananalystshouldbebroadmindedandseewhattheinnernatureoftheanalysandconstellatesasahealingprocess,whereveritleads.Thatatleastisourconviction.

Question:HowdoesthisattitudetowardsknowledgecomparewiththeancientPrometheanattitude?

Dr.vonFranz:Thatisaverygoodquestion.InGreekmythologyyouhavethattypicalGreekmythwhichmirrorstheGreekattitude,anddoesnotmakeitprimarilyanethicalproblemastheBibledoeseithergoodorevil.Thereisagainatheftfromthegods,somethingisstolenwhichthegodstrytokeeptothemselvesandaccordingtothemyththatispunishedPrometheusgetsintotroubleandhasbadluckbutthereisnomoralevaluation.TheGreekmindjuststatesthatstealingknowledgefromtheunconsciousmustbepaidfor,butyoucanstillhavetherightattitude!Youcansay,nevermind,Iwillpay,butIwantit!Themythdoesnotrecommenddoingornotdoingit,butyoumustknowthatthereisalwaysthepricetopay.

ThatistheverydifferentattitudeoftheGreekmind,ascomparedwiththeJewishandJudaeo-Christianattitudes,fortheymakeitamoralproblem.Thatissomethingwedoknow,anditisaverybasicarchetypaltruth.Knowledgeispartofthedevelopmentofconsciousness;thereareotheraspects,butthatisoneanditmustbe

paidfor.Itiscostly,butitisuptoyoutochoosewhetheryouarewillingtopaythepriceornot.IntheJudaeo-Christiantraditionthestressisontheethicalaspect,andintheGreekitisdispassionateandmoreastatementoffacts,butherethereisyetanothernuanceandtheevaluationishighlypositiveandmeansdivineprogress.

Remark:Youspoketwiceoftheangel'sdesireforsexualrelationswithIsis,andthesecondtimeyouusedtheword"rape,"butthatwouldmakeadifferenceintermsofpayingforit,foroneisforcedwhiletheotherisvoluntary.

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Dr.vonFranz:Literally,thetextsayssimplythathewantstounitesexually,andshedoesnotwantit,andIjustshortenedthattotheword"rape."Shesimplymadeabargain,asawomantypicallydoes.Shesaysheshouldnotbeinsuchahurrybutshouldfirsttellherthesecret,andtheninatypicallyfemininewayshedoesnotafterwardssaywhethershepaidthepriceornot.Isiswasawoman!TheGreekactuallysaysthatherushedintowhathewanted,"butI,Isis,hadinmindwhatIwanted."Whatwouldtheangel'ssexualattackonIsismeanpsychologically,andherdelayinordertoattainknowledge?Howdoesthatcomparepsychologicallywiththepsychologicalsituationinwhichwealwaysfindourselves?

Remark:Itistheirruptionofcollectivecontents,forwhichshedemandsanexplanation.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,theangelwouldrepresentacontentofthecollectiveunconscious,inourterms,whichirruptsintothepsychologicalsystemwithademand,inthiscaseasexualone.Whatistheparallelwhichwealwaysexperience?AlchemywasbornthroughIsis'resistanceandthefactthatshedidnotcedequicklyatleastdelayedthesexualprocess,ifitdidnotstopitaltogether.Wedonotknowwhatshedidintheend,sheverydiscreetlywon'teventellherownson.Butwhatdoesthatmean?

Ifshewereahumanwoman,theangel'sattackwouldbeananimusinvasion,butIwouldratherformulateitmuchmoregenerallybecausethatwouldapplytoasinglecase,andthisisnotcasematerial.Itmeansthatveryoftencontentsofthecollectiveunconsciousirruptinaninstinctiveform,intheformofsomekindofinstinctiveurge,eitherpowerorsex,orsomethingofthekind.Thatis,thelibidoirruptionoftheunconsciouspresentsitselfonarelativelyanimalorlowlevelfirst,andthatissomethingweexperienceagainandagain.The

developmentoffurtherconsciousnessoftenmanifestsinitiallyinthisform.Oneofthegreatproblemsinthepsychologicalrealmwastorecognizethis.Ifsuchanirruptiontakesplaceyoucansaythatthatisbeingfloodedbythesexualimpulse,orfantasies,orevenaphysicalsexualimpulse.Wehavealwaystodecidewhetherthatisgenuinesexoradisguisedunconsciousimpulse,whichreallyimpliesknowledgeoraprogressofconsciousness,whichappearsfirstinthisform.

Ifyouareunprejudiced,youwouldfirstbeobligedtotryitout,butithasoftenbeenprovedthattodelayiswise.Letussaythatamanhasatremendousanimaprojectionontoawomanandthe

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experiencecomesasaverystrongurgeforsexualunion.Letusassumethatshefallsforit,andthatthenthewholethingdisappears.WiththeDonJuanthatoftenhappens.Aprèslecoup,itmeansnothingmoretohim!Heleavesherandthinks:"Oh,dammit,thatwasnotQwhatIwanted!"Soyoucanjustaswellsaythatfromtheverybeginningitwasnotreallythat,itwasonlyveiledinthatway,buttheimpulsedidnotreachitsgoalanditsmeaning,andnoprogressofconsciousnesswasachieved.Theurgemightjustaswellhavebeenresistedandaneffortmadefirsttofindoutwhatitwasreallydrivingat,because,aswefrequentlysee,impulsesofsomethingyououghttodo,firstappearintheformofphysicalreactionsiftheycannotreachconsciousnessdirectly.

Forexample,ifyouarefacedwithananalyticalsituationwhereyoujustdon'tknowwhattodo,itcanhappenthatwhilesittinginyourchairandanalysing,youhaveasuddensexualreaction,towhichitisnotadvisabletoaccedequiteapartfromtheconventionsbutwearenotdiscussingtheconventionsandcanspeakopenly.Experiencehasshownthatitiswisertostopandaskwhythishappenedatthisparticularmomentoftheanalysis?Whatwasthediscussionaboutwhenthisurgesuddenlywelledup,whichdreamwasbeingdiscussed?Youcanbeabsolutelysurethatyouhavetouchedonapointwherebothyouandtheanalysandshouldbecomeconsciousofsomething,thatsomethingispushingtowardsconsciousnessandissofarfromwhatyoucanconceivethatitcanonlymanifestinaphysicalway.Itisakindofbelow-stairsexplosion,becauseitcannotcomeupbythestaircase;itisasthoughyoutriedtopushutairsananimalwhichinsteadjustjumpedoutthewindow.Somethingwantstocomeupfromtheunconscious,butthereisashortcircuitanditappearsasasexualurge,becausethereissomesortofdifficultyingettingonfurther.

Butsometimesitisagenuinesexualurge.Youcannotalwayssaythatitisnotexactlywhatitappearstobe,becauseafterallwearewarm-bloodedanimalsandhaveournormalphysicalreactions.Butprimarily,itcanhappenthatinsuchasituationwedonotknowwhichiswhichandthereforeIsis'techniqueisonlywisdom,namelytodelay,andfirstaskthethingthatrushesinforallitssecrets,andthenafterwardsmakeupyourmindtohavealittleaffair,ornot.Isisdoesnottellsheisverydiscreet!Sheneithersaysshedidordidn't.Thatisafreeethicaldecisionamonghumanbeings,or,ashere,amonggods,andthatisonanotherlevel.Butaslongasitissuchaforcefulurgeyouarenotfreetodecide.

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Firstyoumustdelayandfindoutwhatyouareconfrontedwith.Whatisbehindit?Asexualurgecantakeplacewhenyouareconfrontedwithadyingperson.Howmisplacedthatseems!Insuchacaseitwouldbeveryplausibletothinkthatthiswasnotyournaturalsexualinstinctwantingtocopulatewithadyingperson,suchathingwouldbeimpossible.Youknowfromtheverystartthatitdoesnotmeanthat,yetitisatypicalsituationandsomethingwithwhichIhavefrequentlymet.Behinditthereisawholearchetypalsymbolicproblem.Whyisthesexualurgesotremendouslyimportantatthismomentthatitfallsonthedyingpersonandthoseinthesurroundings?Thatisjustoneexampleamongmanyothers.Thenyouhavetodelaytheangelandsaythatheshouldfirsttellhissecret,thatyouwanttobecomeconsciousofwhatisbehindtheurge,namelythestrangeconnectionbetweeninstinctandarchetype.

INSTINCTS ARCHETYPES

infra-red experience ultra-violet

(Physiological:bodysymptoms,instinctualperceptions,etc.)

(Psychological:ideas,conceptions,dreams,

images,fantasies,etc.)

11.Theconnectionbetweeninstinctandarchetypecomparedtothespectrum.

Junginhiswritingssometimesreferstoinstinctasifitwerethesamethingasthearchetypeandsometimesasifitweredifferent.Whathemeansisthatthearchetype,ifwelookatitasoppositetoinstinct,wouldbeaninheritedandinstinctivewayofhavingemotions,ideas,andrepresentationswithsymbols,andinstinctwouldbetheinheritedwayofactingphysically,acertainkindofphysicalaction.Naturally,

thetwoareconnected.

Forexample,supposewhenwalkinginafieldyousuddenlybegintorunfornoapparentreasonandjumpoverahedge,andonlookingbackseethatabullwaschasingyou!Peoplewouldsaythatwasamiracle,fortheydidn'tknowwhybutsuddenlyfeltthattheyhadtorun;theyhadnotrealizedwhatwashappening,buttheirinstincthadsavedthem.Thathappensfrequently.Onecrossesoverthestreet,notknowingwhy,andthensomethingfallsfromtheroof!Itisveryimportantforustolearntotrustsuchimpulses.

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Nowthatissomethingwhichhappensphysically.Ibegintorunwithoutevennoticingthedanger,butthankGod,mybodyisclevererthanI!Butinsteadofphysicalaction,Imayhearavoice,orhaveahallucinationwhichtellsmetorun.Intheonecasethewarningcomesasaphysicalreactionandintheotherasathought,whichisthedifferencebetweeninstinctandarchetype;thevoicewouldbeamanifestationofthearchetypeandthephysicalmovementamanifestationofinstinct,butreallytheyaretwoaspectsofthesamething.Actualphysicalbehaviouraccordingtopatternwouldbeinstinct,andtheconcomitantinnerrepresentations,emotions,auditions,visions,wouldbemanifestationsofthearchetype.

Manhasastructuralinheritedsomethinginhimwhichmakeshimactandthinkinacertainway,whichiswhywearesometimesnotclearaboutthetwo.Sincethesecontentsoftheunconscioushaveakindofphysicalaspect,andalsoasomaticandpsychologicalaspect,sometimessomethingwhichshouldgothroughthepsychologicalaspectswitchesoverintothephysical,orthephysicalaspectswitchesintothepsychological;theyarelikecommunicatingtaps,andifthereisablockageinonethewaterflowsoutfromtheother.

Ifoftenhappensthatpeoplehavegreatpsychologicalproblems,thewholecauseofwhichtheyconsidertobepsychological,andthentheyexperiencesomethingonthephysicalsideandthewholeproblemcollapses.Theyhadblockedaninstinct,letussayasexualurge,whichthenmanifestedintheirmindsasaphilosophicalproblemaboutGod.ThatwaswhatFreudgeneralized!Hesawthatthisoftenhappenedandthoughtthatyoucouldexplaineverythingonthatlevel,butthatisnotso,youmightjustaswellblocktheotherendandthenitgoesthroughtheotherwayround.

ThatisoneoftheeternalconflictsshallIliveitconcretely,orshallI

takeitsymbolically?Isthismeantasarealization,ormustitbesimplylived,withoutthinkingaboutittoomuch?Thatisoneofourgreatproblems.Hereitissaidthatbyblocking,ordelaying,aphysicalurgeaprogressinconsciousnesstakesplace.

Remark:Thiswasnotthefirstbargainstruckonbehalfofknowledge,forIsisundertooktocurethesungodRaofthebiteofthepoisonousworm,providedhewouldtellherhissacredname.Howdoyouexplainthisparallel?

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12.ThesungodRawithhisattributes.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,itiscertainlyaparallel.WhenthesungodRabecameoldandsenileandunabletocarryonproperlyanymore,Isisputapoisonousserpentinhispathanditbitandpoisonedhimsothathebecameveryill.Atthattimeitwasbelievedthataman'spowerlayinhissecretname,whichwashissoul,ormana,hislifepower,andwhenRalayonhissickbed,Isiscametoherownfatherandofferedtocurehimifhewouldfirsttellherhissecretname.Infaceofthisblackmail,Rabrokedownandtoldherhisname,andfromthenonshehadthepowerofthesungod.

Butwhatdoesthatmean?Wecannotdiscussthisonthesamelevelastheothermotifwhichwouldbethelevelofaphysicalurgebehindwhichwebelievesomethingarchetypaltobehidden.ToansweryourquestionwewouldneedtogobrieflyintothewholedevelopmentofconsciousnessintheEgyptiancivilization.

InEgyptthecultofthesungodandthesungod'ssonwasingeneral,intermsofthesocialandpoliticalstructure,apatriarchalorder.Inabouttheyears3,000to2,800B.C.,sunworshipgraduallyexceededthatofthemoonandbullworship;theprincipalkingrepresentedthe

sungod,andwasnolongercloselylinkedwiththemoonandthebull,ortherewassomeslightdifference.Withthisdevelopmentandincreaseinthesuncultcameadevelopmentinlaw,science,geometry,theplanningoffields,ofbuilding,andsoon.Therewasenormousprogressinrationalcivilizationandin

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organizationandwar,etc.Thatwasadevelopmentofthemasculineworld,ofthemindworldandtheworldoforder,thatwentalongwiththesuncult.

ToacertainextentitmaybecomparedwiththeearlydevelopmentoftheChristiancivilizationwherethesamethingtookplacebeliefinlaw,beliefindogma,beliefinorder,beliefinknowledge,andthen,becausethesethingscometoanend,toanenantiodromia,themasculinemodeofconsciousnesstires.Thatisatypicalarchetypalevent,andthenthefeminine,ortheunconsciousandnature,thechaotic,havetotakebackthelight.Thisfirstbigmythillustratestheenantiodromiawherethemasculine,themalesungod,handsallthepowertothefeminineorder.

Nowadaysourofficialorganizationsbelievemoreandmoreinredtape,inmoreandmorecongresses,moreregulations,andmorereligionstosavetheworld.Theyareintentonbringingorder,thinkingthatthatwillsolvetheproblemandthatthoseothertendencieswhichwefindinthedreamsofourpatientswillnotsucceed.ButtheworldhasoncemoretiredsothePopedeclarestheAssumptionoftheVirginMary,andweseethereevaluationofthefeminineinmen'spresent-daydreams.

Icangiveyouaninstance.Theotherdayaman,inrevulsionovertheslaughternowtakingplaceinTibet,wroteafieryarticletotheeffectthatweSwiss,whoarealsoamountainpeoplethreatenedbysurroundingbigPowers,shouldshowmoresympathyandfeelingforthatotherlittlemountainpeoplewhoarefightingfortheirfreedom,andthatitisnotenoughjusttoreadthepapersandexpresssympathy,fortomorrowthesamethingcouldhappentouswithaRussianinvasion.WeshoulddosomethingaboutitandstoptradingwithChina.Butthenhedreamtthattheworldwascomingtoanend,and

thatafewpeopledugupinaglacierinthemountainsanoldshipinwhichsatabeautifulwoman.TheshipwaslikeNoah'sarkwhichwasmovingtowardstheseaandonlythosewhowentintheoldshipwiththewomanwouldbesaved!

Soyousee,theunconscioussaysthatwhatyouinyourmasculine,political,thinkingmindseeisonlyasmallaspectofwhatisreallyhappening.Wearenowconfrontedwiththedeluge.OurrealproblematthepresenttimeisthatofoverpopulationandnottensionwiththeArabsortheRussians.Weareconfrontedwithahopelesssituation.ThesavingprincipleisthefeminineprincipleandthistimeitwillnotbeNoahintheark,butawoman,thatis,agoddess.Whatdoesthatmean?Youseethedreamswithwhichone

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13.Thelife-givingpowerofthefemininerepresentedastheseaofrenewal

arisingfromvirgin'smilk.

issometimesconfronted!Youcannotevaluatethiswomanasawoman.Thedreamerisallrightinhisrelationshipwithwomen,thereisnothingwrongonthatlevel.Whatdoesthewomaninthearkrepresent,andthosefewpeoplewhogowithher?

Thatisnoteasytointerpret,butattheendoftheEgyptiancivilizationtherewasasimilarenantiodromia.SuddenlyIsisgoteverythingintoherhandsandthemalegodsfadedanditisinterestingthatthatwasattheendoftheAriesageandthatnowweareattheendofPisces,theastrologicalfishage,andagainawomanisgatheringtheharvestandthemenareabittired.

Question:Buttheangeldidnotloseanythingwhenhegavehissecrettothegoddess.Hestillunderstoodithimself,didhenot?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,butwhereastheangelmadenouseofhis

knowledge,Isisfoundedalchemy;shedidsomethingwithit,whereastheangeljustkeptittohimself.

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14.Thespiritualizationofmatterportrayedasthecoronationofthe

VirginMary.Thescenerepresentsthealchemicalquaternity:Father,Son,andHolyGhost(dove),withthefeminine(matter)asthe

fourth.

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Lecture3GreekAlchemyLasttimewediscussedthepossiblemeaningofthehandingoverofthesecretofalchemybytheangelAmnaëltothegoddessIsis.Weusedamplificationsfromancientlegendswhichsay,ineffect,thatallnaturalscientificknowledge,frommathematicstothemakingofwomen'scosmetics,wastaughthumanbeingsbyangelsorgiants.Wealsodiscussedthestrangefactthatveryoftenattheendofapatriarchalcivilization,therecomesanenantiodromiathepowerishandedovertoafemininefigure,asforinstancewhentowardstheendoftheEgyptiancivilizationthecultofIsisbecamepredominant,andIsismoreandmoretookovertheroleofallothergods.ThereareevenlateEgyptianprayersinwhichIsisisinvokedastheonewhoisallothergodsinafeminineform.Thiswecompared,cumgranosalis,withthefactthatnowwithintheChristiancivilization,atleasttheCatholicpartofit,theVirginMaryhassuddenlybeenraisedtoamoredominantrolethanhitherto.

Weshouldnotforgetthatthesemothergoddessesarealsoconnectedwiththeconceptofmatter,fornotonlyistheworditselfconnectedwiththeword''mother,"butthewholeprojectionofmatter,andthemodelarchetypalideaatthebackofthemindsofnaturalscientists,isdrawnfromthemotherarchetype.Plato,forinstance,saysthatspaceislikeanursetothewholecosmicorder,thusspaceisregardedasafemininecontainer,anourishingfunctionofthemother.

Sincetheideaofmatterisalwayssecretlyconnectedwiththemotherarchetype,ifthePopeshiftsemphasisintheChristiancultontotheVirginMary,thisis,consciouslyorunconsciously,ablowstruckagainstcommunisticmaterialism.Itisagestureinthatsense,andan

attempttogetatitsmaterialisticaspectbyplacingemphasisonmatterinadifferentform.Interestinmatterthereforespringsfromaresurgenceofthisarchetype.

Whenyoungnaturalscientistschoosetheirprofession,frequentlyMotherNatureappearstothemindreamsintheformofanoldwoman,orsomesuchfigure,andshowsthemtheway.Ihaveseen

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severalsuchdreamsincasesofyoungpeoplewhowereuncertainwhethertostudynaturalscience,forinstancemedicine,orsomethingelse.Youcanthusactuallyprovebythematerialofmodernpeoplethatthedrivetowardsinterestinthematerialaspectofouternatureveryoftenspringsfromtheconstellationofthisarchetype,whichisthedynamismbehindnaturalscience.Ifthebiblicalstoryevaluatesthisimpartingofknowledgetomanasacatastrophe,orasunlucky,thatcertainlycanbecomparedtothefactthatnaturalscience,includingmathematics,hastendedfromtheverybeginningtopossesspeopleinanautonomousway,topossesstheirinterestinatotalisticwaytosuchanextentastogivethemademonicdrive,upsettingnotonlytheirpersonalbalancebutalso,tosomeextent,thebalanceofcivilization.

ThisexcessivedriveofnaturalscienceanditsdestructiveaspectisnowadayssuchabanalitythatIdonotneedtoenlargeuponit,butitspringsfromthefactthatonearchetypeis,asitwere,movingoutofthegeneralinstinctualorder.Thereforeyoucansaythatthemythoftheoriginofnaturalscienceispartlythemythofaninstinctualdissociation;homofaberisalreadydissociated,orisinadangerouswayestrangedfromitsnaturalinstinctiveroots.Thatiswhatthebiblicalmythsays,whilethisIsismyth,onthecontrary,laudsthesameeventasanenormousprogress.Iftherearetwomyths,oneofwhichismoreorlesstheoppositeoftheother,orthesamethingwithadifferentevaluation,wecanonlyconcludethatthereisabasicuncertaintyinthehumanbeing,andeveninhisconsciousness;theproblemisrealandnotinvented,andwehavetolookatitfrombothangles.

Theangelbearsonhisheadavesselnotcaulkedwithpitchandwhichcontainsshiningwater.Thisabsolutelytransparentorcleanwater,theGreektextsays,isinalchemythesymbolofthemysteriousbasic

matterparexcellence.Theideaoftheeternalwateris,asyouknowfromJung'sinnumerableamplifications,andassociationsfromothertexts,oneoftheverygreatestalchemicalsymbols.ItisthedivinewaterwhichisnaturallynotH20,butisactuallyasymbolforthemostbasicmatteroftheworld,theprimamateria.Sointhisimageitissaidthattheangelbearsthemysteryofthebasicmaterialofthecosmoswewouldsayandthatisexactlywhatthesealchemists,justlikemodernphysicists,hadinmind:thatpossiblyallmaterialphenomenawentbacktoonebasicmaterial,thesearchforwhichwastheirgreatfascinosum,forwithitgoesthe

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15.Thealchemistandhisassistantmakethesignofthesecret,inaccord

withtheexperiencethatmuchofwhathappensinarelationshipbetweentwopeoplecannotbesharedwithothers.

feelingthatifthisbasicmaterialcouldbediscovered,onewould,inaway,lookintothedivinefabricofthecosmos.

Isisinsistsongettingthesecret,afterwhichthetextcontinueswiththeoathbywhichHorusisconjurednottodiscloseit.Thisaccordswiththestyleofthemysteryandlatereligiousinitiationsingeneral.IntheHellenisticworlditisanemphasiswhichshowsthatnowthegreatthinghasbeenimparted,andthereforeIsis'son,Horus,hastorealizethatthesecretisforhimonlyandnobodyelse,andthathemustnevertalkaboutit.

Wehaveinthisoldesttextsomethingwhichweshallmeetagainandagainthroughoutthehistoryofalchemy,namelythemotifofthegreatsecretwhichcannotbejustscientificallytoldandimpartedfromoneindividualtoanother.Inthehistoryofalchemyandchemistrythishasalwaysbeenregardedasatricktomakethewholethingappearimportantandmysterious,andtoveilsecrets.Naturally,thereisacertainamountoftruthinthat,because,asyouknow,atthistimealchemywasalsochemistryandthereforeknowledgeastohowtomakealloys,etc.,wasatradesecretfortheverybanal,financialreasonofkeepingtheupperhand.Inourmodernindustriesthesame

thinggoeson;thereisevenasystemforspyingoutthesecretsofindustrialmanagementandmetallurgy,forsuchknowledgemeanspowerandmoney,asitdidinoldentimes.If,forinstance,youcouldmakeanalloywhichlookedlikegold,thankstotheveryindifferentpolicecontrolatthattime,falsemoneycouldbemadeandafortunequicklyacquired,sothatnaturallythesecretwouldonlybeimpartedtoone'sbestfriends.

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Butthisbanalaspectdoesnotexplainthewholephenomenon.Considerwhathappensinananalyticalsituation.Perhapsyouallhaveexperiencedthatcertainthingscanonlybesaid,orexplained,ordone,withoneotherperson,andgenerally,ifananalysisgoesdeepenough,therecomesapointwhereanalystandanalysandsharethesecretwhichbothknowcouldnotbesharedwithanybodyelseandwhichthereforeestablishesauniquerelationship.

Thisisexperiencedbypeopleinthesurroundingsexactlyinthesamewayaswasfeltaboutalchemy,namelythattheremustbesomethingdirtyconnectedwithit,forotherwiseitcouldbespokenofstraightout.Butitisquiteimpossibletosayanddocertainthingsexceptwithoneperson;thatistheuniquenessandexclusivenessofeveryrealhumanrelationship,andofeveryrealmeetingwiththeunconscious.Thatiswhyitissodifficult,andinawaymisleading,toreportoncasematerial,forcertainthingscomeupwhichcannotbetold,notforreasonsofdiscretionorbecausetheyhavetodowithsex,orconcernadivorce,ormarriage,orhavesomethingtodowithfinances,orsomekindofindiscreetdirtwhichpeoplealwaysthinkisthecasebutbecausethethingisineffable.

Sometimestherelationshiporanalysisgoesoninhalf-saidwordswhichareunderstoodinaspecificwaybytheotherperson,butwhichyoucannotrepeatwhenspeakingofthecase.Youcantellthedreams,andrepeatwhatyoutoldtheanalysandabouttheirmeaning,butyouknowperfectlywellthatyouaretellingonlyhalfthestory.Therearealsothingswhichcannotbetoldbecausetheyhappenwithoutyourknowing.Somebodymaysaylater:"Idon'trememberwhatyousaidatthetime,butyoulaughedinacertainwaywhichsuggestedsomethingtome."Thatcanhappenwithouteitherpartynoticingatthetime,andsucheffectscannotbehelpedandcannotbespokenof,thoughinactualfacttheymayformthebasisoftheanalyticaland

therapeuticprocess.

Thereisalsothesympathybetweentwopeople,thesympathia,whichmeansthattheysuffertogether,thetwoareimpressedtogether,andthisconditionof"togetherness,"whichcomesfromparticipatinginthesameexperience,cannotbeexplainednotbecauseonewantstomakeasecretofit,butbecauseitisinexplicableandirrationalandverycomplex.Soyoucansaythatineveryprocessofanalysisthereisasecret,andgenerallyonecannottalkaboutit.If,therefore,youreportacase,youonlyreportitinpart;itisauniquething,butusuallypeoplegohomeandthinkthat

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nowtheyknowhowtheprocessofindividuationworks,andthentheyarecompletelyoffthetrack,becausetheirprocessofindividuationcouldbeguaranteedtogoquitedifferently.Perdefinitionem,itisanindividuation,whichmeanssomethingunique.

Thereforeitisevenmisleadingtorecountauniquecaseforinvoluntarilypeoplegeneralizeaboutit,thinkingthattheynowunderstandhowtherapyisconductedbuttheyarealreadybarkingupthewrongtree.Thereisarealsecret,forassoonasyoutouchtheuniquenessoftheprocess,oroftheindividual,itcannotbetalkedaboutanymore.Often,whenaskedtospeakoncasematerial,whenlookingthroughmycasesIthinkthatitwouldbewrongtogiveanyofthem.Generally,onecanonlyspeakofslightcases,orofthosewhichgowrongwhichishumiliatingtoone'svanitybutatleastsuchacasecanbetalkedabout.

Remark:Isn'tIsisreferringtosomethinglikethatwhenshesays:"YouaremeandIamyou,"afterwhichthereisnothingmoretobesaid?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,exactly,thatiswhatIamdrivingat.Thereisthe"Iamyouandyouareme,"init,andthatistheelementwhichcannotbetold.Thatistheuniomystica,thethingwhichhappensatthebottomofwhatwetrytopushoffwiththeword"transference,"thusmakingitatechnicalthing.Butitisarealmystery,amysticalexperience,onewhichthereforecanneverbeimpartedorsharedwithanotherperson.

IsisswearsfirstinthenameofHermes,whichisprobablytheGreektranslationforThoth,themoongodandapegod,theninthenameofAnubis,whichhasnotbeentranslatedandthereforeisrecognizableinitsEgyptianform,andalsointhenameofKerkorosthehowlingofKerkoros,referringtothehowlingofthedogKerberos.IntheparalleltextthenameisKerkouroboros.Ouroborosisthesnakewhicheatsits

owntail,soitmustrefertoadoglikedemonwhichhasbeenconfusedwiththissnakeandisheredescribedasthesnakeandtheguardianoftheunderworld.SothisisamixtureofthefigureofKerberos,therefore"Ker"inthefirstsyllable,withcertainguardianfiguresoftheEgyptianunderworld,amongwhichweveryoftenfindthesnakewhicheatsitsowntail.

IwillnowreadthetextwhichspeaksoftheOuroborossnake,asdepictedoncertainEgyptiantombs.InthetombofSethitheFirst,forinstance,thereisadrawingofahousewithtwosphinxesoutside,

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16.TheOuroboros,thesnakethateatsitsowntail,ascrowneddragonandaswingedandwinglessserpents(comparewingedandwinglessbirds,

page124).

whichisakindofschematicrepresentationoftheunderworld,wheretheresurrectionofthesungodtakesplace.Justbeforehisresurrection,thesungodisrepresentedasanichthyphallicmanlyingonhisbackwitherectphallusandaroundhimisthesnakewhicheatsitsowntail.Theinscriptionmerelysays:"Thisisthecorpse."Youseethereforethatintheunderworldwhenthesungodhasreachedthemomentwhendeathandresurrectionmeet,whenheisinhistombatthedepthoftheunderworld,heisrepresentedassurroundedbythissnake.AccordingtotheEgyptiantext,thesnakewhicheatsitsowntailisconsideredtobetheguardianoftheunderworldanditisprobablythissnakewhichisinvokedhere.

Thetextcontinues:"IconjureyoualsointhenameoftheferrymanAcheron."Andlater:"GotothepeasantAcharontosandhewilltellyouthewholesecret."Onethinksfirst,naturally,oftheGreekunderworldstreamAcheron,butsinceobviouslythetranslationrepresentsEgyptianideasandimages,wehavetoseewhatunderworldgodheadorfiguremighthavegivenrisetosuchaname.

InthisconnectionIhavefoundsomeveryinterestingamplifications.ThereisanEgyptiangod,orconcept,calledAker,orsometimesAkerou.Thisgodisrepresentedbytwolionssittingbacktoback,

withsometimesthediscofthesunbetweentheirtwobacks.ThatiscalledRwti,orthedoublelion,andthatishowthegod,orthewordAker,isrepresented.Heisshownasthedoublelion,orthedoubledog,orasYesterdayandTomorrow,becauseinEgyptianmythologythiswholepicturerepresentsthemomentoftheresurrectionofthesungod.Yesterdayhewasdead,tomorrow

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hewillbealiveagain.Midnight,whenthesunisatitslowestpointandbeginstoriseagain,istheturningpointfromdeathtolife,fromyesterdaytothenextday.ThislowestmomentoftheenantiodromiaandoftheresurrectionisAker,forAkermeans"thatmoment."

Intheselatelanguagesandinprimitiveoldlanguages,Akermeansnotonlythemoment,butalsotheplaceandsituation,thesituationofdeathandresurrection,ofyesterdayandtomorrow,oftheresurrectionandregenerationofthesungod.SometimesAkerisnotrepresentedasthisdeepestpointoftheunderworld,butasthedoortotheBeyondtowhichthedoublelionsarethedoorkeepers,sothereisanadmixtureoftwoideas;itistheentrancetotheBeyond,thelimen,orthedeepestpointintheunderworlditself.InthetombsofTut-MosisIIIandAmenophisIIthereisthesamesceneasinthetombofSethitheFirst.

17.Rwti,theEgyptiandoublelionwiththediscofthesun,

representingAker,themomentwhenthesunreappearsafteritsjourneythroughtheunderworld,i.e.,therebirthof

consciousnessafterthe"nightseajourney."

Iwillnowreadyousomeoftheinvocations.IntheBookoftheCaverns,oneofthebooksofthedeadinthemanyEgyptianvariations,thesungodwhenintheunderworldsays:"Oh,Aker,Iwentyourway,youwhoseformsaremysterious,openthyarmsbeforeme.HereIam,thosewhoarewithinyoucalltome."Whenhesays"thosewhoarewithinyoucalltome,"Akerissimplythewhole

underworld,thespaceintheunderworld,andthosewhoareintheunderworldarethespiritsofthedeadandthegodofthedead,andthespiritscallthesungodwhenheplungesintotheunderworld.Thetextcontinues:"Ihaveseenthymysteries,mysundiscandGeb,theearthgod,arethosewhomIcarryonmyback.

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Cheperaisnowinsidehisenvelope."Cheperaistheresurrectingformofthesungodwhoisnowasintheegg,heisintheenvelopeandnextmomentwillappearoverthehorizon."Openthyarms,receiveme.HereIam,Iwillchaseawayyourdarkness."

InthetombofRamesesVI,Akerisdepictedbythetwolionsandbeneaththemarethewords:"Seewhatthisgodlookslike.Geb,theearthgod,andChepera,thescarab,watchtheimageswhicharewithinhim."SoAkerisaspacewhichcontainsthedead,ortheimagesofeverythingwhichexists.Heisnotonlythedoublelion,orthedoortotheBeyond,butthatmysteriousspaceintheunderworldinwhicharethedeadpeopleandtheimages.Hewatchesthemandhastheminhisarms.Thisgreatgodstaysbelowintheunderworldandspeakswiththegreatimagewhichcarrieshiscorpse.Akeristhegreatimagewhichcarriesthecorpseorbodyofthesungod,ascanbeunderstoodfromthedrawing.ThesungodshedslightoneverythinglyinginthearmsofAker,whobringsaboutthereunionofthebonesofthegodhere-collectsthescatteredbonesofthecorpse.

OneofthegreatmotifsoftheBookoftheDeadinEgyptisthatthedeadaredismembered,aswasOsiris,andmustthereforebereassembledbeforetheycanresurrect;theymustbeputtogetheragainsoastobeabletorisefromtheunderworld.Akeristheagentinre-collectingthebonesandmembersofthegod.

AnotherrepresentationfoundinthetombofRamesesVIisofthedoublelionstandingbetweentheprimordialwaters.Underneaththeinscriptionis"Aker"andthenanellipse,whichinthisconnectionsymbolisestheunderworld,ortheworldofthedead;andtheinscriptionsaysthatAkerandShu,theairgod,arethetwocreatorsoftheworld.ThusyouseethatAkerisnotonlytheagentintheresurrectionofthesungodandthewholeunderworld,butalsooneof

theagenciesinthecreationoftheworld.Sometimesthedoublelionsarereplaced,asImentionedabove,bytwoofAnubis'sjackals,twodoglikeanimals,andthentheinscriptionbelowis:"Thesearetheopenersoftheway,theagentsofresurrection."

Ithink,therefore,itwouldnotbetoofar-fetchedtoconjecturethatAcharon,orAcharontos,alludestothisEgyptiangod,for,asyouknow,themaincontentofthegreatsecretimpartedbyIsistoHorusisthataliongeneratesalion,barleygeneratesbarley,wheatgenerateswheat,andsoon;thereforeamanisonlygeneratedinthesameway,and,itisalsoespeciallysaid,adogadog.

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18.Osiriswithwheatorcornsproutingfromhisbody.

Sowhatatfirstseemsacompletelybanalstatementofnature,namelythesecretofsexualgeneration,andofthegerms,andplantgeneration,revealsitselfashaving,inthelateantiqueGreekandEgyptianofthattime,acompletelyothernetofassociations.Theseimageswereallconnectedorassociatedwiththeideaoftheresurrectionofthedead,ofthere-creationofthesungod,andofthere-creationoftheworld;thatisasecretallusioninthetext.

Asyouknow,theresurrectionofOsirishasveryoftenbeenrepresentedbythesimilethoughitismorethanasimileoftheresurrectionofthecorn.Inlateantiquity,forinstance,inmanyEgyptiantownstherewereritualsduringwhichapinetreewascutdownandhollowedout,representingthebodyofIsis,orthecoffinthecoffinisthemothergoddess,asyouknow.Wheat,orcornorbarley,wasthenputinandwateredandthegrainsproutedwhenputinthesun,andsorepresentedaspringritualofresurrection.InthemuseuminCairo,thiscornmummycanstillbeseen.Inakindofflatboxwith

sandinit,cornwassownintheformofOsiris'smummy.Itwassprinkledwithwater,sprouted,andthen

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19.AnubisanointingthemummyofOsiris,withIsisgiving

directions.

20.TheresurrectionofOsiris,attendedbyNephthysandIsis.

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withered.SuchthingswereknownasOsirisgardensandrepresentedtheresurrectionofthedead.TheprocesswasrepeatedateveryclassicalEgyptianfuneral:cornwasplacedinsidethebandsofthemummyofthecorpseandsprinkledwithwater,andwhenthecornbegantosprout,thatwasasignthatthedeadhadnowresurrected.Inthistypicalprimitiveandmagicformalltheseritualswereperformedcompletelyliterallyonthemummyofthecorpse.Sotheprocessofthedeathofthecornintheearthanditsresurrectionaswheatorbarleywascloselyconnectedinthemindsofthepeoplewiththeideaoftheresurrection,firstofthegodOsiris,andlaterofeveryhumanbeing.

Nowwhatonearthhasthistodowithalchemy?ClearlyitseemstorefertocertainlateantiquemysteriesofthedeadintheHellenisticEgyptianworld,andwecanrecognizetheconnectionwiththefamousarchetypalmysteryofthedeathandresurrectionoftheyoungspringgod.Butwhydoesthatcomeastheessentialexplanationofthewholealchemicalmystery?Andwhyonearth,inthetextIreadyoulasttime,afterthisexplanation,aretheresuchcompletelybanalrecipes?Ithinkinordertounderstandwhatthesepeoplehadinmindonemustfirstofallbeextremelynaive,andfollowanaivethought.

Letusassumethatyouthinkofyourownresurrectionifyouhopeforone,eventhoughyoumaynotbelieveinit.Naturallythefirstthingthatoccurstoyouisthecorpseandwhathappenstoit.Thewormseatit,orinthecrematoriumitisburnttoashes.Ifwearenaiveandhonest,wecannotdetachourmindsfromtheimmediatesightofwhatremainsofusafterdeath,andthereforeinallhumancivilizationsthecorpseistreatedwithgreatcareandallkindsofritualsbecauseitrepresentsamystery.Theformofthehumanbeingwholivedisstillthere,butsomethingislacking,orhaschanged.Naivefeelingstilltakeswhatliesbeforeyouasyourfather,oryourfriend,orwhoeverit

maybe,andifnot,whatisit?Ifyouhopeforresurrection,youthinkthatifthereissuchathing,thenthebodywhichhasdisintegratedmustsomehowbeputtogetheragain.Ifyoucontinuetofollowthatthoughtnaivelyyouwillthinkthatifoneknewthebasicmatterfromwhichthewholecomplexphenomenonofthebodyisbuiltup,thenitcouldberemade.

Don'timagineIampreachingthattoyouassomethingtrue!Ionlywanttoshowyouthatitwouldbeanidealikelytooccurtoa

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naivemind,andintryingtodiscusstheproblemofresurrectionwithpeople,Ihaveoftenseenthattheydothinkalongtheselines.Theyspeakoftheglorifiedbodybuttheremightbeabasicmatter,orsubstance.Wedonotknowwhatmatteris,sofromthatbasis,whichwedonotknowandwhichisGod'sownsecret,whyshouldHenotremakethewholebodyagain?ThatisacommonbeliefamongmanyChristianswhohavenotthoughttoodeeplybutwho,inanefforttounderstand,haveageneralideaoftheresurrectionofthebody,andIthinkthatsimilarnaivethoughtswerebehindthesetexts.Namely,thattheproblemofresurrectionissomehowlinkedwiththeproblemofwhatmatterisandthatifithasabasicform,itcanbetransformed.

Nowifthereisabasicmatterwhichcanbetransformedintosomethingelse,thenthatbasicmatterisimmortalandcanneverbedissolved.Thatiseventheideaoftheatomthatwhichcannotbesplitfurtherthatis,themostbasicparticle,ormaterial,whichiswhatthewordmeans.Italsomeanstheindividual,thelastunit.Itcannotbesplitordisintegrate,andisthereforeimmortal,sothereonetouchesaneternalthingandifonegetstothebottomofthatthenonehasthesecretofresurrectionandofimmortality,andofhowGodmadetheworld.

Thatwasthetrendofthoughtandthereflectionbehindtheideascontainedinthistext,whichaccountsfortheinvestigationintothebasiccompositionofcosmicmatter.Thattheproblemoftheresurrectionofthedeadwasforthesepeopleboundupwithsuchthoughtsshowsthatthehopeforimmortality,thewholetremendousemotionaldrivemanfeelsinhislongingforimmortality,wentatthattimeintoalchemy,whichexplainshowtheimageryoftheprocessofindividuationgotprojectedintothisproblem.Sofar,IhaveonlyassertedandamplifiedtheabovewithafewEgyptiantexts,butafterwardsIamgoingtoreadyouacompletelydifferent5thcentury

textfromwhichyouwillseethatsuchthoughtsreallyexisted.Uptonowtheyhaveonlybeenalludedto,sothatwehavetoreconstructfromothertexts.

Aftertheallusiontothestatementthataliongeneratesalionandadogadog,thetextcontinues:''Havingbeenfortunateinparticipatinginthedivinepowerwecannowproceedwiththepreparationofotherthings.Thereforetakequicksilver...,"andsoon.Thenthetextgoesonwiththerecipes,whichIcannotinterpretbecauseIsimplydonotknowwhattheymean.Some,liketheurine

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ofanuncorruptedboy,canbeamplified,forweknowthatthisplayedaroleinlateantiquemagic.Whatothersubstancesrefertowedon'tknow,andhistoriansofchemistryconjectureandquarrelastotheirprobablemeaning,mostofwhichhavenotbeendefinitelyestablished.Weonlyknowthattheyaremixturesofmetals,etc.,principallyusedinthemanufactureofalloys,andthattherewerecertainproceduresofmeltingorofslowcorrosionbyacids.Whilestillgivingsuchrecipes,Isissays:"Now,mychild,youknowthemysterywhichistheelixirofthewidow."Thatsentenceshowsthatsomeoftherecipesrefertohealingelixirs,tosomepowerfulmedicines,intheAfricansenseoftheword,ratherthantotheproductionofsomekindofmetal.Howdoesthatlinkupifyouthinkofitnaively?

Ihadanexperienceinmychildhoodwhichmightelucidatethis.WhenIwasabouttenyearsoldIfrequentlyhadtostayawayfromschoolbecauseofillnessandwenttoschoolonlyinthemornings.Intheafternoons,whenmysisterwasatschool,Iwasaloneandveryboredandhadnobodytoplaywith.SoatthebackofthehenhouseIestablishedwhatIcalledmylaboratory.Ihadoncereadthatamberwasformedbyresinfallingintoseawaterandsolidifyingaftermanyyears.SoIthoughtIwouldmakeamber.Promptly,inmyfantasy,amberbecameayellowpearl,andIthoughtIwouldmakearoundyellowpearlofamber.

Bymeansofendlesslyclimbingandfallingfromfirtrees,Icollectedaquantityofresin,butthenthoughtthatIhadtoproduceseawater.FromthedictionaryIdiscoveredwhatseawaterconsistedof,andIstolesaltandiodinefromthebathroomandmixed,ascompletelyasonewouldatthatage,somethingwhichIcalledseawater.Then,thinkingthattheamberhadtobepurifiedbeforetheyellowpearlcouldbeproduced,Istartedtomeltandcookitsoastogetridofthedeadantsandsuchthingsinitandwhiledoingthis,andwatchingthe

amberbeingheatedupandmelted,inmyloneliness,Istartedtofeelpityforit,thinkingthatitwasbeingburntandthatImustpropitiateit.SoIstartedtalkingtotheresin,sayingthatitshouldnotbeunhappyifIburntitforintheenditwastobecomeawonderfulyellowpearl,anditmustjustbearbeingtorturedwiththefirenow.

Inthisway,Igotintoawholefantasyaboutproducingthisyellowpearl,theideaofwhichhadoriginatedquiterationallyfromsomethingIhadread.Butinthelonelinessofthetask,thething

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becameamplifiedintoacompletealchemicalopuswithprayersforitssuccess.Iprayedtotheamber,beggingitnottobeangrywithmeforcookingit,andpromisedtomakeitintoapearl,andsoon.Thatisprimitiveorinfantilementalityandwemustsupposethatthesepeoplehadasimilarattitude.Itmustberememberedthatatthattimeitwasverydangeroustomakechemicalexperiments,becausethenyouwerelookedonasawitchdoctorwithalltheconsequencesthatentailed.Youwererespected,butalsohatedandfearedandthereforesuchthingshadtobedonesecretlyandinloneliness,whichalwaysbringsuptheunconscious.

Youcoulddescribethischildhoodoccupation,whichlastedforoverayear,asplayorsomethinglikeactiveimagination,performedwithchemicalsubstanceswhichtoagreatextentiswhatalchemyis.Activeimaginationcanbedonewithcolours;nowadayswedoitchieflybypainting,orbywritingstories,butitcanalsobedoneanotherwaybycollectingsubstancesandmixingthem.Thatiswhatthesepeopledidandthuswentalittlebitoffthetrackofproducingonlyachemicalexperimentintoproducingoneinwhichfantasymaterialwaspredominant,justasIrationallybeganbywantingtomakeamberand,intheprocess,fellintothefantasyofproducingayellowpearl.

Synchronisticeventsdohappenintheseasmuchasinotherfieldsofexperiment;theyareexperiencedasmiracles,andnaturallyconfirmsuchfantasies.ThatthisstillcontinuesinmodernchemicallaboratoriesisevidencedbyastoryIheardofascientistwhotriedtoproduceacertainvitaminQinachemicalform.Hehadeverythingfiguredout,andknewthattheproductshouldbeproduced,butitdidnotseemtowanttocrystallize.Whensomethingcrystallizesdependsonveryirrationalfactors.Ofcoursetheweightandheatandformofthemixtureallplayapart,buttherearestillnowadaysfactorswhich

cannotbeoverlookedinchemicalmanufacture,butonedoesnotknowuponwhattheydepend.Sothewretchedthing,contrarytoallexpectations,didnotcrystallize.Hewatcheditdayandnight,sayingitoughttocrystallize,butitjustremainedliquid.Thescientistbecamesickofwatchingitandgotahelpertocarryonandkeeptheheatatacertaintemperatureandhimselfwenthomeandfellasleepandhadthemostamazingalchemicaldreaminwhichavoicesaid:"Nowgo,andyouwillseethatithascrystallized!"Hegotupandtelephoned,anditwastrue,ithadcrystallized!Sotheunconsciousofthismanwasactuallyconnectedto,orinformed

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about,thechemicalprocessgoingonintheretort.

Youcanlabelthatassynchronicity,butindoingsoyouhavenotexplainedanything.Itissimplyafact.Anditshowsthatwedonotknowhowtheunconsciousisconnectedwithmatter,butonlythatitis,andthatithasaknowledgeofsuchthings;howwedonotknow,forourscientificknowledgeintsrespecthascometoanend,forthetimebeing.Apparentlychemistry,eveninthemostmoderntimes,stillhasaconnectionwiththeunconsciousofthepersonperformingtheexperiment,eventotheextentofsuchthingshappeningasIhavedescribed.Thereagainwetouchonasecret,andthatkindofexperience,butonamoreprimitiveandcrudebasis,wasgenerallyatthebackofthealchemists'experiments.

Ifwesumupthetextwehavejustdiscussed,notfromapsychologicalbutfromanhistoricalstandpoint,weseethatinalchemytherearereligiousideasandconceptionswhichleadbacktoHellenizedEgyptwithitsearlyadmixtureofGreekandlateEgyptianreligions.Icannotreadyouallthetexts,butinotherstherearetracesofJewishandGnosticsymbolismandmanyotherreligionsofthattime.Theotherelement,connectedinthoughtbutdisconnectedasfarasthetextsareconcerned,isthatoftherecipes,obviouslyremnantsofsecretcrafttraditions,whichoriginatedwithAfricanmedicinemenandwereconcernedwiththemakingoflovecharms,medicinestoensurebeauty,andwiththemakingofalloysandsoon.Allsuchrecipeswerethesecretsofthesmithcraftsmenandmedicinemen.DuringtheEgyptiancivilizationtheywereprobablyhandeddownbycertainclassesofpriestswhohadmonopoliesonthemanufactureoftheirparticularalloysormedicines,whichtheyobtainedthroughtherulingPharaohandprobablykeptinsecretbooksstoredinthetemples.

Inthesameway,thereisnowinthemuseuminCairoapapyrus

whichhasbeendugupandwhichcontainsalltherecipesfortheembalmingofcorpses.Theinstructionsforthisverycomplicatedprocedurearegiveninapurelytechnicalandchemicalway.ThatwasthesecretoftheclassoftheAnubispriests,andconstitutedknowledgeimpartedonlytoinitiatedpriests.ThatprobablygoesbacktotheoldestkindofprimitiveAfricanmedicinemen'straditionandcanstillnowadaysbeunearthedinAfricainamoresimpleform,thepsychologicalattitudeandsecretatthebackofsuchproceduresbeingstillunchanged.

MynextGreektextintroducesathirdelementintotheseearly

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chemicalwritings,namelyGreeknaturalphilosophy.PerhapsoneofthegreatesthistoricaleventsoflateantiquitywasthatinGreeknaturalphilosophy,thepre-Socraticphilosophy,menlikeDemocritus,Heraclitus,andThalesofMiletus,Anaximenes,andAnaximander,speculatedonestablishedtheoriesaboutnatureandwerethecreatorsofsuchtechnicaltermsastime,space,atom,matter,andenergy.

Allthebasicconceptsofmodernphysicsgoback,asyouknow,toGreekphilosophy,fortheGreekswerethecreatorsoftheseconceptsinthespecific,naturalscientificmeaning,thoughtheydidnotexperimentwithmattertoagreatextent.Theyhadfewornolaboratoriesandmostoftheirtheoriesaboutnaturecamefromspeculativeintuition,thoughtheysometimesusedpracticalexamplestoexplainwhattheymeant.Forinstance,ifDemocritussaysthattheatomhasdifferentformsletussaylikealittlepyramidwithcornerslikehooksbywhichtheyareconnectedthatwouldbethekindofmaterialisticmodelofhisideaoftheatom.Roundatomswouldbethesoul,andtherearealsofire-atomswhichrollthroughthespacesoftheatom,thatisDemocritus'smodelofreality.

SuchthingstheGreeksneverthoughtofprovingordemonstratingbyexperiment,asiscommonscientificprocedurenowadays;ifyouhavesuchaspeculativemodel,youtrytoproveitbypracticalexperiment,showingthatitdoesordoesnotfitthefacts.ThistheGreeksdidnotdo.ButthenGreekthoughtnaturally,andunfortunatelyinaverywatered-downphasemettheEgyptiansecretsciences,whichconsistedentirelyofanage-oldpracticalcrafttraditionaboutthebehaviourofmatter.TheEgyptiansknewagreatdealfromthepracticalangle.Theyknewhowtomakeenamelandinvisibleink,andallsortsofcomplicatedalloys,andwhenthesetwoworldsmet,inPtolemaicEgypt,thatwasenormouslyfertileforboth,becausewhatinEgyptiantraditionconsistedofrecipesandreligiousthoughtnow

metwiththeaccuratescientificthoughtoftheGreeks.

Wecouldcallthatthemomentofthebirthofalchemy,whenthethoughtmodelsofGreekphilosophymetwiththeexperimentalpracticesofEgyptiantraditions.Togiveyoualittlemoreinsightonthispoint,Iwouldliketoreadabriefoutlineofaverylongtextbyalateralchemist,Olympiodoros,whosenameyouhavecertainlycomeacrossinJung'swritings.

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OlympiodoroswasaMinisterandofficialattheByzantineCourtinthe5thcenturyA.D.HewentasamemberofadelegationtoAttila,kingoftheHuns,andwrotearatherfamoushistoryofhistimewhichhepublishedin425.SomeofhisbiographerssaythatatthesametimehewasknownasagreatmagicianandmedicinemanattheByzantineCourtand,accordingtothetexts,wasmuchoccupiedwithalchemicalexperiments.However,inthehistoriesofalchemythisissaidtobenottrue,forhedidnotpossessmuchpracticalknowledge,andevenifhedidperformsuchexperimentsitiscertainthathewasmoreinterestedinthetheoreticalorsymbolicaspectsofalchemy.

Heclaimedthattheaimsofalchemycouldnotbeachievedinarationalway,thatyoucouldfollowtherecipesasmuchasyoulikedbutwouldnevergetanywherewithoutthehelpofmagicandmagicalpowers.Sohebegantohaveadoubleattitudeaboutwhatcouldbecalledseriousorpracticalsciencesandmagic,asplitwithwhichwehavenotmetintheearliertexts.ThereasonforthisisthatOlympiodoroshadaGreekphilosophicaleducationwhichhetriedtoapplytohisknowledge.Iwouldliketogiveyouthetext,asIdidthatofIsis,namelyinitsstrangeliteralconfusion,sothatyoumaygetyourownpersonalimpressions.IwilltakeasectionfromChapterXXXontheSacredorDivineArtandthengoonfromChapterXLI,whichgives,asitwere,theessenceofhiswritings.

InChapterXXX,Olympiodorosspeaksoflead,andquotestheProphetessMariawhoisreportedtohavesaidthatblackleadmustbeconsideredasthebasisofthework.Hethencommentsonthis.ThethemeiscontinuedinChapterXLIwhichsays:

Nowseehowblackleadisprepared.AsIsaidbefore,commonleadisblackfromtheverybeginning,butourleadbecomesblack,whichatthebeginningitwasnot.Experimentswillteachyou,andbythemyouwilldiscovertherealdemonstrationandproof.Opinionsworthyofcredence

areunanimousonthismatter.Iwillnowtrytoapproachourgoal.IftheAsem[analloylikesilver,thoughexactlywhatisnotknown]doesnotbecomegold,orcouldnotbecomegoldthoughitisawork,oneshouldnotdespisewhattheoldpeoplesaid,namelythattheletterkillsbutthespiritbringstolife.["...fortheletterkilleth,butthespiritgivethlife."IICor.3:6.]

Nowthisisincompleteharmonywitheverythingsaidbytheoldphilosophersandpointstothesameend,tothesayingoftheLord.[OlympiodoroswasaChristianandquotedtheBible,pointingoutthatonemustnottakealchemicaltextsandtherecipesliterally,forthatkilled,butonemustunderstandthespiritofthetextandwhatthatmeant.)The

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oraclesofApolloarealsoinharmonywithwhatwemeanfortheymentionthetombofOsiris.[Thisamplifiesourothertext.]ButwhatisthetombofOsiris?Thereisacorpse,swathedinlinenmummybands,withonlythenakedfacevisible,and,interpretingOsiris,theoraclesays:"Osirisisthesuffocatedcoffininwhicharehiddenhislimbsandwhosefaceonlyisvisibletomortalbeings.Hidingthebodies,natureisastonished.He,Osiris,istheoriginalprincipleofallmoistsubstances.Heiskeptdownasaprisonerbythesphereofthefire.He,therefore,hassuffocatedallthelead."

Anotheroraclebythesameauthorsays:

TakesomegoldwhichiscalledthemaleoftheChrysokolla[whateverthatsubstanceis]andamanwhohasbeenkneadedtogether.ThegoldoftheEthiopianearthproducesitfromitsdrops.Acertainspeciesofantbringsthegoldtothesurfaceoftheearthandenjoysit.Puthimtogetherwithhiswifeofvapour,tillthedivinebitterwatercomesout.Whenithasthickened,orcoloredred[redcopper]withthejuiceofthegoldenvineofEgypt,thensmearoverittheleafletsofthelight-bringinggoddess[thatmustbethemoon]andalsooftheredcopper["cypris"canstandforeithercopperorVenus]oroftheredVenus[probablyVenusismeant]andthenthickenituntilitcoagulatesintogold.

NowthephilosopherPetasios,whospeaksaboutthebeginningofthealchemicalworld,isincompleteharmonywiththis,andhealsomeansourleadwhenhesaysthatthesphereofthefireholdsdownandsuffocatesthroughthelead.Then,interpretinghisownsayings,hesays:"Allthatcomesfromthemale,orthearsenicwater."

Theword"arsenic"meansmale;itisnotthearsenicweknow,butreferstoallsubstanceswhichhaveadynamicdriveinthemwhichaffectsothersubstances.Everythingwhichseemstoaffectanothersubstancewasmalebecauseitwasactive,soitisnottobeconfusedwithwhatwecallarsenic.Arseniciswhatheisreferringtowhenhespeaksofthesphereofthefire.

Theleadissopossessedbydevilsandissoshamelessthatthosewhowanttolearnaboutitfallintomadnessonaccountoftheirunconsciousness.[YouwillhavemetthatsayinginDr.Jung'sbooksforheoftenquotesit.]

NowIwillexplainaboutthechemicalelementsandthenthiswillbecomeclear.TheycallleadtheeggImeantheeggofthefourelementsthatiswhatZosimossays,andbythathereallyalwaysmeanslead.Iftheyexplainitsshape,theyreallyinsecretalludetothewholething,because,asMariasays,thefourelementsareone.Whenyouheartheword"sands"youmustunderstandthatthatmeans"shapes"orideas[inGreekitcanmeaneitheroneortheother].Ifyouhear"eide''[shapes,forms,ideas],thatreallymeans"thesands"thetypeofsandbecausethefourbodies,orthefourelements,arealsothefour"bodiness"[thatisaninventedword,butitisalsointheGreek].

Zosimosexplainsthefour-bodinessinthefollowingway:Nowthepoor

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21.Thedoublefaceofalchemylaboratoryandlibrarycorrespondsto

thetwofoldnatureoftheindividuationprocess:theactiveparticipationinouterrealityandrelationships,togetherwiththeprocessofinner

reflection.

[inGreektheadjectiveisfeminine]thingfallsintothefour-bodyinwhichitischained,andatoncechangesfromonecolourtoanother,allthecoloursintowhichthetechniquewishestobindit:white,yellow,orevenblack,orfirstblack,thenwhite,andthenyellow,andwhenthisfemininethinghasevidencedallthesecolours,andhasrejuvenated,itcontinuesintooldageandthendiesinthefour-body,whichmeansiron,tin,bronze,andlead,witheachofwhichshediesintherubedothestateofbecomingredandsoiscompletelydestroyedsothatshecannotrunaway,whichfactisverysatisfactorytothealchemists,fornowshecannotescape.Andthenonerepeatsthewholething,bywhichherpersecutorisalsochained[theonewhopersecutesthiswomanisalsochained],allofwhichtakesplaceoutsidetheroundvessel.Whatistheroundvessel?Eitherthefireortheroundformofthevesselpreventsherfromrunningaway.Justasthough,inanillness,thebloodhadbeendestroyedandwasnowrenewed,soinhersilverstatesheisseentohaveredblood,andthatisthegold.

Thatisalongliteralpassageofrealalchemy,fromwhichyoucansee

howcharitableDr.Junghasbeeninselectingpassagesandpublishingthemtogetherinchapters,becauseifyoureadtheoriginaltextyoutoomightgointothemadnessofthelead.When

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youreadDr.Jung'sbooksyouthinkitisimpossibletounderstandthething,itisallsocomplicated,butactuallyhehasenormouslysimplifiedit,andhasmadeatremendousefforttogetthepearlsoutofthedunghillandbringsomeformintoit,fortheoriginalmaterialwasliketheabove.Ifyouhaveonceaccustomedyourselftofollowthislineofthought,youwillfindthatthewholethingiscompletelylogical,ithasthesamelogicasadreamandcanbetakenassuch.Thefirsttimeyouhearadreamyoucouldthinkitcompletelycrazy,butifyoureadthismaterialasyouwouldadreamyouwillgettoitsmeaning.

Forexample,OlympiodorosspeaksoftheblackleadanditisclearthatthisistheoriginalsubstanceandisthereforethemysteryofwhichwehavealreadyspokentheprimamateriathebasicsubstanceoftheworldinwhichliesGod'ssecretoflifeanddeath.Hespeaksofitas"ourlead,"whichinthebeginningisnotblack,andcontrastsitwiththecommonlead,bywhichhemeansthatwhatordinarycraftsmencalledlead(suchasisusedinthemanufactureofpipes,foratthetimeoftheRomanEmpireleadwasusedtomakewaterpipes)isnotwhattheythealchemistsarereferringtowhentheyspeakoflead.Itisadifferentkindoflead,amorebasicsubstancewithwhichyoumustexperiment,hesays,todiscoverwhatearlierwritersmeant.

HethenquotestheBible,sayingthatthetextmustnotbetakenliterally,whichisalsounderstandable,andsaysthatthetransformationoftheleadisasecret.ThenhequotesanoracleofApollo,whichmustbeinanolderwritingwhichhasbeenlost,andsaysthatthisisOsiris'scoffin.

Tounderstandthisyoumustknowthelegend,accordingtowhichSethkilledOsirisbyfirstmakingaleadencoffinandthengettingpeoplewhendrunkatapartytoenteritunderthepretextoffinding

outwhomitwouldfit.ButwhenOsirisgotintothecoffin,Sethpromptlyputthelidon,covereditwithlead,andthrewitintothesea.ThereforeitcouldbesaidthatOsiriswassuffocatedinlead,soyoucanthinkofthetombofOsirisasaleadcoffin,oracoffinsealedupwithleadwithinwhichliesthedeadgod,orthedivinespirit,intheformassumedindeath.

Thatisthemeaningheistryingtoconvey.Osirisliesasamummyinthecoffin,withonlythefacevisible.Youhaveseenmummiesswathedinlinenbandswiththemaskshowingtheface.Themeaningofthisisnotclear,butonecouldsaythattherewas

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22.Osirisinthecedarcoffincoveredwithlead,representingthe

eclipseofconsciousness,i.e.,depression.

somethinghumanandsomethinginhumaninit,forifyouweretointerpretitsymbolically,asadream,youwouldsaythatitmustrefertoasemihumanbeing;ifthefaceishuman,thenpartcanbeunderstoodfromthehumanaspect,butpartonecannotunderstand.

OlympiodoroscontinuesbysayingthatOsirishimselfisthesuffocatedcoffin,ortomb,whichconcealshislimbsandshowsonlythefacetohumanbeings.Brotoisisaspecificnameforhumanbeingsandmeans"themortals."Osirisisimmortal,orthemortalimmortalone;tomortalsheonlyshowshishumanface,whiletherestofhisbodyisasecret."Hidingthebodies,naturemarvelled,orwasastonished."Icannotentirelyunderstandthis,exceptthatitmustmeanitispartlyunderstandablebecausethereisahumanface,andpartlyamystery,aboutwhichevennaturemarvels.Icannotgiveanyfurtherexplanation."Thatisthebeginningofallmoistsubstances''i.e.,basicmatter,originalmatter,thestartingpoint(Arché).Themoistsubstancestandsforthebasicmaterialofthecosmos,beingcaughtinthesphereofthefire.

Fromwhattakesplacelateritcanbeseenthattherewasthefollowingconnection:matterwasputintoabottlewhichwassecurelysealedandthencooked,andthiswasconsideredtobeanexactparalleltothedivinespirit,Osiris,thegodman,lyingdeadin

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23.Thealchemicalsealedvessel(herecontainingMercuriusassymbolofthespiritimprisonedinmatter)iscomparablepsychologicallytoabasicattitudeofintroversionwhichactsasacontainerforthetransformationofattitudes

andemotions.

hisleadcoffin,forthematterinthebottlewasinexactlythesamestate.

ThatwaspreciselywhatIfeltwhenItorturedmyresininmyearlychildhood,forIfeltittobetorturedbyfireinitsbottle,sotospeak;itcouldnotrunaway,thatmeansitcouldnotevaporate,forIalsohadclosedmybottle.ThereforeitiscaughtandIhaveitinhandandamdoingsomethingwithit.TheanalogyisSethcatchingOsiris,andnowbecausehehasbeencaughtbySeth,bythepowerfulprincipleofevil,heistransformedandresurrected.Thatwasprobablytheirassociation.Sohehassuffocatedallthelead.Idonotunderstandthis,butitseemstomethatthisimprisonmentinacoffin,orinanalchemicalvessel,wouldrepresentaprocessofsuffocation,thedeath

oftheprimamateriabysuffocation.

Obviouslythereishereananalogytowhatwedowhenwestopahumanbeingfromnaivelyprojecting,andforcethatpersontolookonlyathimorherselfthatwouldbelikesuffocation,foronewantstogototheanalystandsay"thatishowmymotherbrought

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meup."Towhichtheanalystrepliesthatoneshouldseethepartplayedbyone'sowncomplex,andthenonehastoaccepteverythingforwhichonehadpreviouslyblamedGodandFate,parentsandhusband.Thatallhastobetakenback,anditislikesuffocation,akindofdeath,forthedrivetoprojecteverythingontotheoutsideisstopped.

Thevesselisasymbolfortheattitudewhichpreventsanythingescapingoutside;itisabasicattitudeofintroversionwhich,onprinciple,doesnotletanythingescapeintotheoutsideworld.Theillusionthatthewholetroubleliesoutsideoneselfhastocometoanendandthingshavetobelookedatfromwithin.Thatishowwenow"suffocate"themysteriumoftheunconscious.Wedonotknowwhattheunconsciousis,butwesuffocateitthroughthisconcentratedtreatmentbywhichallprojectionisstopped,intensifyingthepsychologicalprocess.Itisalsothetortureoffire,becausewhentheflowofintensityofthepsychologicalprocessesbecomesconcentrated,oneisroasted,roastedinwhatoneis.Thereforethepersoninthetombandthetombitselfarethesamething,foryouroastinwhatyouareyourselfandnotinanythingelse;oronecouldsaythatoneiscookedinone'sownjuice,andisthereforethetomb,thecontainerofthetomb,thesuffocatedone,andthesuffocator,thecoffin,andthedeadgodinit.

Theonewithinisnaturallynottheego,butyourwholebeing,foryouarelookingatyourwholebeingandnotyouregowhichwouldrunaway.Nowthisissopainfulthatwealltrytoescape.IthinkIhavenotanalysedforyearsandyearsanyonewhohasnotfromtimetotimeflirtedwiththeideaofdroppingitallandreturningtoso-callednormallife.ThereforeIthinkitisveryunderstandablethatthetext,afteratime,speaksofthewomanwhoalwaystriestoescapeandwhohastobeboundintothefourfoldbody,orthefourbody.

Returningtothetext,Olympiodorossaystotakesomesubstance,i.e.,thegoldenstone,whichiscalledthemalepartoftheChrysokollaprobablyhehadsomespecificmaterialinmindandamouldedman.

Nowwhoisthemouldedman,orthemanwhohasbeenkneadedintoshape?OlympiodorosisaChristian,andthatisadefinitionofAdam!Itsimplymeanstotaketwochemicalsubstances(whichwedonotknow)andmakeAdam.TheconnectionforamanofthattimewouldbethatAdamwasmadefromclayandtherefore,

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accordingtotheBible,clayistheprimamateriaofman,thebasicsecretofman.Theywerenolongerreferringtoclay,theyknewthenthatitcouldnotmeanclay;theirknowledgeofbiologyandphysiologywassufficienttoknowthatthemanmadeofclaywassimplyasimile.Thereforeclaystoodfortheprimamateria.

ThemanformedoutofclaywasthereforeAdam,whoatthattimewasasymboloftheSelf,or,onecouldsay,themanwhohasjustcomefromthehandsofGod,theunspoiltman,themanwhohasnotyetpassedthroughtheprocessofcorruption.UncorruptedmanstraightfromthehandsofGod,thatisthemanwhohasbeenkneaded,andthatiswhyhedoesnotspeakofAdam,forAdamisassociatedwithsinandcorruptionandEve,etc.InalludingtoAdaminthiswayhemeansAdaminhisoriginal,unspoiltform,whenjustcreatedbyGod.ObviouslythisreferstotheprimamateriawhichwecalltheSelf,whichiswhyinZenBuddhismitissaid:"Showmethyoriginalface."Inoneofthekoans,oneoftheMastersgetsenlightenedwhenanotherMastersaysthattohim.

ThegoldoftheEthiopianearthgeneratesiti.e.,themanoutofdropsandtheresomespeciesofantbringsituptothesurfaceoftheearthandenjoysit.

ThatreferstothefamousArimaspswhoalsoarementionedinGoethe'sFaust(inEnglish,Arimaspians).TherewasalegendinlateantiquitythatinIndiathereexistedatonetimeenormousants,asbigashumanbeings,whichdugupgold.FortheGreeks,Indiawasthelandofwisdomandriches,itwastheParadisewheregoldwastobefoundonthetreesandinthestreetsandeverywhereelse,andwherewisemenwalkedabout.IndescriptionsofIndiaatthattimetherewasmentionoftheseArimasps,hugelegendaryantswhobroughtgoldupoutoftheearthandthatwassupposedtobethesecretofIndia'sgreat

wealth.ThereforewhenOlympiodorossaysthis,heisreferringtotheants.

Ifyougointothesymbolismoftheantatthattime,youfindthataccordingtocertainversionsantsresurrectedthesunbypushingiteverymorningoverthehorizon,sothattheywereacompleteparalleltotheEgyptianscarabwhoeverymorningpushesthediscofthesunoverthehorizonandmakesitrise.Thescarabisasymboloftherisingsunandoftheresurrection.Thislegendofthescarabwasinlateantiquityreplacedincertaintraditionsbyhugeantswhichhaveexactlythesamefunction.Thereforethereferencehereisagaintotheresurrectionofthesun,orthatmomentofthevery

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24.ThecreationofAdamfromclay.

firstcreationofthesungod,which,accordingtoourinterpretation,wouldbethesymbolofconsciousness.

Inpsychologicallanguageonewouldsay:"Gobacktotheoriginalhumanbeingwithinyou,gobacktothatplacewherethenervoussympatheticreactions(oryourunconscious)linkupwiththeoriginofyourconsciousness."Putmoreaccurately,itmeans:"Gobacktotheoriginalpointofyourconsciousness,trytoreturntotheplacefromwhichyourconsciousnesscomes,tothethresholdoftheunconscious."

Thenputthis"Adam"togetherwithhiswife,thevapour,tillthebitterdivinewaterissues.ThismeansthatthisAdam,theoriginal

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thing,isunitedwithitsopposite,whichseemstobeavapourlikesubstance,andthetwotogetherthengivebirthtoabitter,waterysubstance.Thatisthemotifoftheconiunctio,thebringingtogetheroftheopposites,andtheresultisthemysticaldivinewater,thebitterwater.

Psychologicallythatwouldmean:Putyourselfinanattitudeofreflectioninwhichyouaskyourselfwhereyourconsciousprocessescomefrom,linkthatwiththefantasymaterialthevapourwhichcomesupfromtheunconsciousandthatcreatesalivinginsightwhichisbitter.Theinsightweobtainbylookingatourselvesisgenerallyverybitter,whichiswhysofewpeopledoit;itispikrosbitterforitcorrodesandisverydisagreeabletotheillusionsofconsciousness.Thatiswhywespeakof"bitterknowledge"and"bitterrealization"and"bittertruth,"forself-knowledgeisabitterexperienceatthebeginning.

Thus,ifyoureadthetextpsychologically,ifyoutakeitlikeadream,itisnotrubbish,butcompletelylogical.OneofthegreatmeritsofJungisthathegaveusakeytothesetextswhicharelookeduponofficiallybyhistoriansofchemistryasabsolutenonsense,fortothemtheymeannothingatall.ButtousitisclearwhatOlympiodorosisdrivingat,namelyaninnerexperience,anintrovertedreligiousexperiencewhichthosepeoplehadintheirmeditationsandexperimentswithmaterialphenomena.Thatwasthebasisofalchemy.

Question:DoesthereferencetoAdamrefertohimbeforeoraftertheFall?

Dr.vonFranz:IthinkbeforetheFall,becauseotherwisethetextwouldsayAdam,andnotusethispeculiarexpressionofthemouldedorkneadedman.ThekneadedmanrefersrathertooneaspectofAdam,namelyhiscreation;thefactthatheismadeoutofclayiswhat

isemphasizedandthereforeIwouldsaythemanmadeoutofclayiswhatshouldbeinone'smindwhenthinkingofhim,andnotthefactthathewaswithEveandthesnake,etc.IthinkthatcanbecorroboratedbythefactthatOlympiorodosknewZosimos,whohadaGnostictheoryaboutAdambeingtheunspoiltoriginalman,beforetheFall.OnecanthereforebeprettysurethereferenceistoAdambeforetheFall.

Sothesphereofthefirekeepstheleadandsuffocatesit,saysOlympiodoros,andthatisthemalething,andtheleadisso

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demonicallypossessed,soshameless,thatthosewhowishtoinvestigateitfallintomadnessthroughtheirunconsciousness,throughtheirlackofknowledgeofGnosis.

Chemically,thatprobablyalludestothefactthatleadisusuallypoisonous.Thatwouldbeitschemicalaspect,andnaturallyitcoincideswiththefactthatatthebeginning(ofananalysis,forinstance),whenonelooksattheunconscioussuchstronginstinctualdrivesandemotionsgenerallycomeupthatonegoesthroughstateswhichcouldleadtomadness.Alchemistsfrequentlyassertthatmanyofthemhavegoneofftheirheads,whichmaybetakenliterally.

ManyyearsagoIhadaninterestingexperienceshowingthathereinSwitzerlandtherearestillmadalchemists.WhenIwasworkingonthesetextsintheCentralLibrary,oneoftheofficialsaskedmewhetherIwasstudyingalchemicaltexts,andwhenIsaidIwashetoldmethatIhadacolleaguetowhomhewouldintroduceme.Hethoughtthatwouldbeagreatjokeandhewentovertoalittle,shrivelledupoldmansittingintheCentralLibraryporingoveranalchemicaltextandintroducedme,sayingIwasaspecialistinalchemy.Ilookedatthisman,whosenameIhaveforgotten,andwhenIsawhiseyesIsawatoncethathewascompletelyschizophrenic.

Isatdownbesidehimandafterawhilehesaid:"Haveyougotthesecret?"Isaid:"No,notyet."Andthenhesaid:"Iamverynearit,IthinkIshallhaveitinanothertwoorthreemonths."Isaidthatwasmarvellous,andthenheaskedmeifIknewGreek,becausehistroublewasthathedidn'tknowGreek,andthatifIcouldhelphimwiththeGreekwecouldgetit.Isaid:"Yes,yes,butnotnow!''Thatwasarealalchemistwhohadfallenintothemaniaofthelead.

25.TheOuroboros.

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26.ThefallenAdamasprimamateria,showingthephallus,thecreative

masculine,asalivingtree.

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Lecture4Greek/ArabicAlchemyWestoppedlasttimewhilediscussingaveryobscurepassageintheOlympiodorostext.TherecipefromwhichhequotessaidthatoneshouldtaketheChrysokolla,thegoldenstone,whichwascalledthemale,togetherwiththekneadedman,whichobviouslyreferstoAdam,whowaskneadedormouldedoutofclay.ThusthereisindirectlyareferencetoAdaminParadisewhichwouldbeconfirmedbythefactthatZosimoswasknowntoOlympiodoros.

Asyouknow,inPsychologyandAlchemythereisreferencetoaZosimostextwhichspeaksofAdamashavingbeencreatedinParadisefromthefourelementsandafterwardshavingfallenintotheworld.Thetaskofalchemy,accordingtoZosimos,consistsinreassemblingthelightsparksofAdamandbringinghimbacktoParadise.Olympiodoros,wholivedtwohundredyearslater,knewofthisZosimostext,soquiteobviouslythereferencehereistothereassemblingofAdam,torestoringthefallenAdam,wholivesasalightsparkineveryhumanbeing,totheheavenlyrealm.Thereforeourtextisavariationoftheideathatatbottominmatterthereis,inanextendedordissolvedform,orinthecosmicfigureofahumanbeing,Adam,thefirstman,calledunderdifferentnames,whohastobeliberatedorredeemedfrommatter.

IreferyoutothatpartofPsychologyandAlchemyconcerningthefallenAdam,thefallenanimaorman,whereDr.Jungreferstodifferenttextsshowingthatthismirrorstheprocessofprojection.Ifyouremember,hesaysthatthemythofanangel,orAdam,orofacosmicanimafigurefallingintomatter,representsthemomentwhenthisfigureisprojectedintomatter,whichmeansthatsuchtheories

whichcomefromtheunconsciousinalchemybringintheideathatsuddenlythesymboloftheSelfisconsciouslysoughtforinmatter.

ThisisclearlysoforourearliertextreferredtothefuneralritualofOsirisandallfuneralrituals,intheEgyptiansenseoftheword.Thesearchforimmortalitywasactuallythesearchforanincorruptibleessenceinmanwhichwouldsurvivedeath,anessentialpartofthehumanbeingwhichcouldbepreserved.Thus

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thesearchforimmortality,fortheeternalinman,istobefoundattheverybeginningofalchemy.Wecansaythattheemotionaldriveandinterestinthephenomenonofmatterwasnotamodernscientificinterest,inthesenseofcuriosityastowhatmatterlookedlike,butthatwhatgavetheimpulseandlibidoforthesearchtounderstandthemysteryofmatterwasarealemotionaldriveanddesiretofindtheimmortalpartofman.

Thissearchcontinuedtillpracticallythe17thcenturywithallthelatertheoriesoftheelixiroflife,thepharmakonoflife,andsoon.Somethingimmortalwhichwouldsurvivedeath,translatedintomodernpsychologicalterms,couldbeexpressedasanaspectoftheSelf,thesearchforthegreater,incorruptible,andessentialpartofman.

ThenextpartofthetextdealswiththebringingupofthegoldbytheantsfromtheEthiopianearth.BehindthatisthemythoftheArimaspiansofIndia,forbothcountries,IndiaandEthiopia,atthattimecarriedtheprojectionofbeingthecountrieswheremiraclestookplaceaswellasbeingthoseofthegreatestpiety.InthelateGreekAlexandernovelstherearemanypseudolettersofAlexandertheGreattohismother,Olympias,wherehespeaksofIndiaandsaysthatthereBrahminswalkaboutnakedandarethewisestmenonearthandthemostpious.ThissameideawasalsoprojectedontoEthiopia.InthelategeographicalnovelsandreportsinGreek,itisalwayssaidthattheblackEthiopianpeoplearetheclosesttoGodandthemostpiouspeopleintheworld.ItcanalsobesaidthattheGreeks,throughtheirintellectualevolution,lostacertainaspectofprimitivereligion,thatimmediateprimitivereligiousattitudewhich,asfaraswecansee,iscommontoallprimitivecivilizations.

Astudyofprimitivecivilizationsshowstheirreligiousattitude

towardslifeasbeingsomethingcompletelyself-evident.Religionwasnotseparatedfromtheprofane,everydaylife,buttheself-evidentbasisofeverythingdone,believed,andsaid.Inhisprimitivecondition,manisnaturallyreligiousandhisreligionpervadeshiswholenatureandallhisactivities.Greekcivilizationhadevolvedfromthatstatethroughthepre-SocraticandtheSophisticphilosophyandthevariousevolutionsofGreekphilosophy.TheupperlayeroflearnedpeopleinGreece,perhapsforthefirsttime,hadcutawayfromtheprimitivereligiousattitudewhichwasthenprojectedfirstontotheIndiansandEthiopiansandlater,according

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tolateGreekliterature,ontotheEgyptiansandsuchpeople,whowerethenconsideredtobethehighestandclosesttoGod,andintheirrealm,ourtextsays,thealchemicalmysterywastobefound.Areturntotheprimitiveself-evidentattitudetowardslifeisarequisitefortheexperienceoftheSelf,whichcannotbefoundthroughtheconsciousmindandwiththedevelopedpartofthepersonality,butbyfirstreturningtothatprimitivehumanattitude.

Thetextgoeson:"Thenputwiththegoldwhichtheantsbringup,thewife,orthewomanofthevapour,tillitcomesout,i.e.,thedivinebitterwater."Soherethereisthemotifofaconiunctio.YoutakethegoldwhichhasbeenbroughtupoutoftheEthiopianearth,themalesubstance,andputwithitafemalesubstancewhichiscalledthewomanofthevapour,orthesteam.

Question:Wouldtheprimitivereligiousattitudehavetodowithparticipationmystique?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,ithasallthesymptomsofprimitivereligion,namelyparticipationmystiqueobservationofsynchronisticevents,observationofsigns,notactingwithoutfirstobservinginnerandoutersymptomsandsigns,or,asithasbeendefined,theconstant,carefulattentiontowardsunknownfactors.

Accordingtothatdefinition,religionmeansneveractingonlyinaccordancewithconsciousreasoning,butwithconstantattentionandconsiderationoftheunknownparticipatingfactors.Forinstance,ifsomeonesays:"Letushavecoffeetogetherafterthelecture,"ifIthinkonlythatIhavetimesinceIdon'thavelunchuntil12.30,thatwouldbeconsciousreasoning,whichofcourseisalsocorrect,butifIamareligiousperson,Iwillstopforaminuteandtrytogetafeelingastowhetheritisrighttodothat,andifIhaveaninstinctivefeelingagainstit,oratthatmomentawindowbangsshut,orIstumble,thenI

mightnotgo.

Onecanlaughatthatassuperstition,andnaturallyonthatlevelitisnotdifferentfromsuperstition,butitisnotjustamechanicalthingsuchastheideathatifablackcatcrossesyourpathyoushouldturnback,butratherthatallthetimeoneshouldconcentrateandtrytogetsomesignfromtheSelf,orfrominsideoneself.InChinesephilosophy,itistantamounttopayingconstantattentiontoTao,whetherwhatIamnowdoingisright,inTao.Naturallytherearealsopersonalarguments,theprosandcons,buttoliveinareligiouswaywouldmeanbeingconstantlyonthealert

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forthoseunknownpowerswhichalsoguideone'slife.IfIgetnocontraryindication,Icandecidetohavethecoffee,sinceIhavetime,orbecauseIlikeit.Abelldoesnotalwaysringwarningus,butifitdoesandoneignoresit,thensomethinggoeswrong.Thereligiousandprimitiveattitudeinvolvesconstantconsiderationofthesepowers.

WhenDr.JungwasinAfrica,hisSafariguidewasanIslamic,IbelieveaShi-ite.Atbreakfasteverymorningalltheblackcarriersdiscussedtheirdreams,afterwhichtheleaderofthegroupwouldgotoDr.Jungandsaythattheywouldproceed,ornot,onthatday.Dr.Jungfoundthatwhentheysaidtheywerenotgoing,thegeneralaspectofthedreamshadnotbeenfavourable,sotheyfeltprobablytheyshouldstayanotherdaybeforeproceeding.Dr.Jungacceptedsuchdecisionsandevenmanagedtobedrawnintothediscussionondreams,andtakepartinit,andtheywereverymuchimpressedtofindthatheknewsomethingaboutandwasinterestedindreamsandcouldeveninterpretthembetter,andlikethathecouldobservewhatwashappening.ButanEnglishmanwhowenttothesameplacesomeweekslaternaturallydidasmostwhitemendoheaccusedthemenofbeinglazyandinsistedthattheyhadtoarriveattheirdestinationinfivedaystimeandusedforce,andhewaskilled.

Theoneillustratestheattitudeofcarefulconsiderationofalltheirrationalaspects.Thenativesactedlikethatbecausetheremightbeadaywhentherewerethunderstorms,oronemightmeetarhinocerosandbeattacked,andsoon.Innatureoneisconstantlyconfrontedwithsuchthingsandourunconsciousdoesknowaboutthem,andwhenoneislivinginwildnatureattentiontosuchfactorsisessentialtosurvival.Animalsalwaysreceivewarningaboutearthquakesandotherdangers,theygettheminstinctively,andifwepayattentionwereceivethemalsothroughourdreams,whichiswhythosenatives,inanadaptableandreasonableway,paidattentiontotheirdreamsevery

morning.

IhadanillustrationofsomethinglikethistheotherdaywhenIwasatmyholidayhome.Therewasobviouslyathunderstormcomingupfromtheupperpartofthelake.NaturallyIdidnotknowthatitwouldhailbutmydogsuddenlyputherearsbackandrushedintothehouseanduptothetopfloorandhidherheadinmybed.Irushedafterhertoseewhyshebehavedinthatwayandatthatmomentdowncamethehail!Animalshavesuchwarningsbyakindoftelepathy.

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Butreally,telepathyonlymeansbeingawareofsomethingfaraway,andthatexplainsnothing,fortelepathyisonlyaword.Weonlyknowthatintheunconscious,instinctivefunctioningofhigheranimals,includingman,thereisasupernaturalor,bettersaid,asuperrationalawarenessofthingsaboutwhichwecouldnotknowrationally,andthatthereforeitishelpful,healthy,andveryimportanttopayattentiontosuchimpulses.Theyseemnotonlytoworkforthesurvivalofanimalsandhumanbeings,buttohaveafurtherextension,namelythatofworkingforthehigherdevelopmentandmaturityandthepsychologicalwelfareoftheperson,whichiswhatwecalltheunconsciousinitspreservingandhealingaspect.

Religioninourdefinition,initsmostbasicform,wouldsimplybeconstantalertattentiondirectedtowardsthesefacts,insteadofrulinganddecidingone'slifebyconsciousrationaldecisionandreasoningoftheprosandcons.Therefore,inprimitivesocieties,religionpervadeseverydaylife.Beforeprimitivesgohuntingthereisahuntingritualandifduringitthereisanaccident,theydon'tgo.Thereisnothingeithermysticalortranscendentorspecialaboutit;thebasicreligiousattitudeislinkedwiththeideaofsurvival,andthereforetobereligiousisanimmediateadvantageforitensuressurvival.

Whenweareconfrontedwiththephenomenonofneurosis,whenpeoplegetstuckintheirdifficulties,wetrytodiscoverwhattheunconscioushastosayandanalysandsarefirstguidedtoattendmoretotheirinstincts,behindwhichisthewholephenomenonofreligiousinsightandexperience.Jung,ofcourse,beganasalldoctorsdid,onthebasisalsoofhiscontactwithFreud,withtheideaofhelpingpeopletobecomemoreinstinctive,inorderthattheymightbehealthy,butthenhediscoveredthatbehindinstinctwasalsoreligion,orthatthelatterwassomethinginstinctiveandcompletelynatural,forthenaturalmanisthereligiousman.Onethereforehastoreturntothe

natural,immediatemanwithinandtoareligiousattitude,forwecannothaveonewithouttheother.

Question:Doesthewordreligioncomefromreligareorreligere?

Dr.vonFranz:Therehasbeenanetymologicaldisputeastowhetherthewordreligiocomesfromreligareorreligere.Naturallybothhavethesamerootlegere,topickup.Originallyitreferredtopickinguporcollectingwood,butlegere,toread,hasanother

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connection,namelyone"picksup"or"gatherstogether"theindividualletters;thatishowpeoplereadatfirstandhowchildrenstilllearn.

ReligarehasbeenacceptedastheofficialinterpretationsincethetimeofSt.Augustine,withthetheologicalreflectionthatitmeanstobind,tobindonebacktoGod.St.AugustinesaidmanhadbeenseveredfromGodthroughoriginalsinandthatthetaskofreligionwastobindhimbackagain.Thatobviouslyisnotascientificinterpretation,butitisveryinterestingandagoodreflectionoftheChristianideaofreligion.Modernetymologiststhinkthatprobablyitcomesfromthewordreligere,whichwouldmean"carefulconsideration,"onwhichIhavegivenamplifications,e.g.,alertnessinregardtoirrationalfactors,buttheyarenotintheworditself,whichsimplymeanscarefulconsideration.The"re"indicates''backwards,"soitmeansthatonelooksbackwardstofindoutwhetherwhatisbehindiscomingtoo,orifitisdoubtful.Onehasalwaystowatchandascertainwhattheotherforceshavetosayaboutourlives.

Question:Couldthatbesaidtobejustsuperstition?

Dr.vonFranz:No!Superstitionwouldbethemechanizationofthisattitude.Generallyonethinksofsuperstitionwhenoneknocksonwood,orwhenonesaysthattoseeablackcatmeansbadluck,orthataspiderinthemorningisdepressingandabadsign.Allthatcanbetrue,butifappliedmechanically,ifcarefulconsiderationofthesignsbecomescodified,thensuperstitioncomesin.Aspiderindicatesspinning,thespinningoffantasies.Thesuperstitionisthatinthemorningaspidermeansbadluckandintheeveninggoodluck.Obviouslythatreallymeansthatifinthemorningoneisslackandsleepy,getsuplate,andsitsabouthalfdressedandjustthinksofone'sneuroticproblems,thatwouldbethespiderinthemorningwhich

wouldcertainlybringbadluck.Butifafterworkingalldayonelightsacigaretteintheeveningandsitsinfrontofthehouse,aspeasantsdo,andletsone'sfantasyrun,orifonephilosophizesaboutlife,thatisquiteallright,itisaverygoodwaytoprepareoneselfforsleep.Thereforethespiderintheeveningispropitious,andthatprobablywastheoriginalmeaningofthiswidespreadsuperstition.Thespiderisanegativemothersymbol,itistheMaya,andsoon.Whenitcomesintheevening,orattheeveningoflife,itisallright,butitisverybadtostartthedaywithit.

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27.SpiderassymboloftheMaya,weaverofafantasyworld."Whenitcomesintheevening,orattheeveningoflife,itisallright,butitisverybadtostartthe

daywithit."vonFranz.

Itwouldbeamusingifoneofusweretowriteathesisoncommonsuperstitionsandwhattheymeansymbolically.ThatwouldbehighlyinterestingandIproposethethemetoanyonewhodoesnotknowwhattowriteupon,namelyjusttotakesomeoftheordinarysuperstitionsandanalysethemfortheyareverymeaningful.Itisonlymechanicalapplicationthatissuperstitioninthebadsenseoftheword;thatisjustastupidhabitandhasnothingtodowiththereligiousattitude.

Nowinourtext,withthemalesubstanceisputthevapourwife,orthewomanwhoconsistsofvapour,untilthebitterwatercomesout.Thatistheconjunctionofmaleandfemale,andthechildisthebitterdivinewater.Thewifeischaracterizedasvapour.Othertextsshowthat,ingeneral,vapourorsteamisregardedasthepsycheofmatter.Evenupto1910intheSwissmilitaryserviceashortcourseusedtobegiveningeneralmedicine,justtoteachpeopleaboutthebonesandthecirculationofthebloodandsoon,andoneteachersaidthatthebrain

waslikeacupfulofmacaroniandthatthesteamaboveitwasthesoul!Hehadgotintotheoldalchemicalpattern!Youcouldsaythatthatfantasywastwothousandyearsold,forintheoldtextsonalchemytheideaofsteamorvapouralwayscarriedtheideaofthepsyche,ofsublimatedmatter,asubtlebody,somethinghalfmaterial.Inparapsychologicalreports,ifaghostappearsthereisfirstsomethinglikesteam,oranebula,soitcanbesaidthatoneofthemostarchetypalideasisthatthepsychehastodowiththequalityofsteamorvapour,whichexpressestheidea

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28.Thewateroflifeflowsbetweentheopposites:themasculine(sunconsciousness,hererepresentedassulphur)andthefeminine(moonconsciousness,

symbolisedbyMercurius,spiritoftheunconscious).

thatitissomehowlinkedwith,butnotidenticalto,solidmatter.Thereisprobablyacertainanimafactorinitforthistextwasprobablywrittenbyaman.

Aftertheunionofthemalesubstancewiththevapourcamethedivinebitterwater.Theword"divine"isinGreektheios,whichalsomeanssulphur,sothatitcanbetranslatedasthedivinewater,whichisthegenerallyacceptedofficialtranslation,orassulphurwater,sincesulphurwasregardedasbeingadivinesubstance.Itisthewater,ortheliquid,ofthedivinesubstance.

Wateringeneral,includingurine,carriestheprojectionofknowledge.InmedievalChurchsymbolismtheyspokeoftheaquadoctrinae,andintheSwissdialectifsomebodycomesoutwithalotofnonsense,justalotofwords,wesayheisurinating.Psychogenickidneytroubles

veryoftenhavetodowithpeoplebeingfilledupwithsuchbadwater,fortheyhavenottherightattitude,ortherightconnectionwithknowledge;theyjustblatheralotofundigestedknowledgeandthatislikeurinating.Sousuallyitcanbesaidthat

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waterhastodowithknowledgeextractedfromtheunconscious,whichcaneitherbemisusedorusedpositively.

Inalchemywaterwaseitherthegreathealingfactor,orpoisonousanddestructive.Usuallyweinterpretwaterastheunconscious,anddifferentiateitsspecificmeaningaccordingtothecontext.Ifinapatient'sdreamwaterisrising,orifthereisabiginundation,thenwewouldsay:"Becareful,theunconsciousisoverwhelmingyou";therethewaterwouldbenegative,butontheotherhand,ifyouareinthedesertandthirsty,thenitisthewateroflife.Christisthewelloflifeandtherearevariousothersimilesyoumayknow.Inallreligions,wateristhelifesubstance,whichboilsdowntothefactthattheextractiooftheanima,orthatwateryknowledge,iswhattakesplaceintheinterpretationofapsychologicalsituation,oradream.

Ifsomeonecomeswithaproblem,insteadofarguingwiththatpersonwelookatthedreamwhichcommentsonthesituation;perhapsitcanbeinterpretedinsuchawayastovivifytheotherpersonandgiveafeelingofhopeandasenseoftheproblemashavingahiddenmeaning,eventhoughitmaynotyetbeclear.Insuchacase,knowledgeobtainedfromtheunconscioushasthequalityofthewateroflife,forthatpersonhas,asitwere,drunkofthewateroflifeandwillgoawaywiththefeelingthatnowsomethingisflowingandtheperiodofstagnationover.Thenthereisacertaintensionuntilthenextanalyticalhour,fortheanalysandwondershowtheinneradventurewillcontinuesothatlifegetsanewstartandflowsoncemore.

Ontheotherhand,wehaveallseenpeopledrownedintheunconscious,namelyschizoidorborderlinecases,orpeopleinapsychoticepisodewhotalkknowledgeoftheunconscious.Theysitinbed,orintheircellsintheasylum,andtalkofthecreationoftheworld,andofwhatGodisandwhatshouldbedonetosavetheworld,

sayingthatthedoctorsintheasylumareallfoolsandthattheyknowbetter,andsoon.Thatisknowledgeoftheunconscious;itiswater,andisevenfullofwisdom,butthespeaker'sheadisunderthewater,andtheknowledgehasgotthepersonandnotthepersontheknowledge.Thatpoorpersonisliterallydrownedinthewisdomoftheunconscious;hedoesnotwanttogetoutforhefeelsthatheisdrownedinsomethingverygoodandverymarvellous,whichiswhymostrefusetobecured.

Seenfromareasonablestandpointthatisaverybadconditionto

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bein,forsuchpeoplebecomesounadaptedthattheyhavetobeconfined.Theyhavetoomuchofthewateroflife,althoughwhattheysayisnotnonsense.IfyouhavesufficientsymbolicknowledgeyoucanunderstandwhatapsychoticpersonsaysfromAtoZ,justasthoughitwereeverydaytalk.

Inourtextwehavethenormalsituation,namelythatthedivinewaterhastobeproducedasaresultoftheconiunctio,whichinpsychologicaltermswouldbewhatwedoeveryday.Weuniteourconsciousattitudewiththeunconscious,forinstanceintheinterpretationofdreams.Bythatwegetthisvivifyingknowledge,thesenseofunderstanding,andthatwouldbethewater.Nowherewaterisspokenofasbitter.Why?

Answer:Becauseitisthetruth.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,naturally!Veryoftenwehavenotaveryhappyreactionbutthecontrary,foroftenthetruthgivenbytheunconsciousisverybitter.Itisabitterpilltoswallowbecauseitcontainsveryobviouscriticismsofourattitudesandthatisabitterexperience.Thataccountsfortheresistanceagainstpsychology,forverymanypeopledonotwanttotakethebitterpill.Theyhaveavaguefeelingofbeingbadlyoffthetrack,andthattheycouldonlyreturntohealthbyswallowingcertaincriticism;theyaredeterminedtofightifthecriticismcomesfromoutside,butitisveryawkwardifthecriticismcomesfromwithin.Thentheanalystcanjustwashhishandsofitandsayheissorry,butitistheanalysand'sowndreamandnotsomethingtheanalysthassaid,andthenhehastoswallowit.

ThetextcontinuesthatthephilosopherPetasiosalsospeaksoftheworkinthesameway,sayingthatthesphereofthefireiskeptdownbythelead.Thesamephilosopher,interpretinghimself,saysthatthisisfromthemalewater.Olympiodorossaysthatthemalewater

thereforeseemstobethesamethingasthesphereoffire,whichintheearlierpartofthetextwesawwasthetombofOsiriswhowassuffocatedinthelead.ThereforewehaveOsiris,thesphereoffire,andmalewater,andallthreearesuffocatedinthelead,theenemy.

IntheknowledgeoflateantiquityleadwasthemetaloftheplanetSaturnandhadthesamequalities:onthenegativeside,depression,andpositively,creativedepression.Saturnisthegodofmutilatedpeople,criminals,andcripples,butalsoofartisticandcreative

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29.Theconiunctio,unionofopposites,asharmoniousinterplay

betweenmalewaterandfemalefire.

people.Inourmodernlanguagethatwouldmeanthestrangequalityincertaindepressionsinwhichonefeelsliterallylikelead.Withoutthinkingofthesealchemicalsimiles,peopleoftensay:"TodayIfeellikelead."Inaheavydepressiononefeelsunabletogetupfromone'schair,orevenopenone'smouthtoexplainthatoneisdepressed;onejustsitslikeablockofheavymatter.Confessionsofpeopleinsuchastatehaveinnumerableleadsimiles.

Asthewordimplies,inadepressionthepersonispresseddown,compressed,usuallybecauseapartofthepsychologicallibidoisbelowandhastobefetchedup;therealenergyoflifehasfallenintoadeeperlayerofthepersonalityandcanonlybereachedthrougha

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depression.Sounlessthereisalatentpsychosis,adepressionshouldbeencouragedandpeopletoldtogointoitandbedepressednottrytoescapebytheradioorTheReader'sDigestandifthedepressionssaysthatlifemeansnothingandthatnothingisworthwhile,thenacceptthatandsaywhataboutit?Listen,godeeperanddeeper,untilyouagainreachthelevelofthepsychologicalenergywheresomecreativeideacancomeoutandsuddenly,atthebottom,animpulseoflifeandcreativenesswhichhasbeenoverlookedmayappear.

Peoplewhoareprofessionallycreative,likeartistsorgreatactorsandsoon,knowthatbeforeeveryperformanceornewpieceofworktheyarelikelytohavesuchadepression.Onecanhaveitonasmallerscale,forinstanceIalwayshaveitbeforealecture,forthelibidofirstgoesdown.Thosearesmallerrhythmsofsomethingwhichhappensonalargescaleinadepression.Itmeansthatonehasoverlookedcertaincreativefactorswhichhaveconstellatedbelowandattractedthelibido,causinglistlessnessandlackofenergy.

Itcanalsobeaprepsychoticsymptom,aspsychiatristswellknow.Whatcomesupafterwardsisalsoacreativecontent,butitwellsuptosuchanextentthatitcandestroythepersonality.Insuchcasesonemustthinktwicebeforeencouragingthepersontogointothedepressionbecause,thoughthemechanismisthesame,thereistheriskthatwhatcomesupmaybetoostrongandburstthepersonality.Leadisthereforethatheaviness,listlessness,thatfeelingofnothingnesswhichcoversuporsuffocatesthecontentsoftheunconscious.

AsthetextwhichIgaveyoubrieflyinthelasthoursays,thereisinthisleadeventheelementofmadness.Thisreferstoanotherfactforifyoudigupdepressivestatesinpeople,usuallyatthebottomthereareeithercreativecontentsoraviolent,unsacrificeddesire.Frequently

depressedpeopledreamofvoraciouslionsorotherdevouringanimalssuchasdragons,butparticularlylions,whichmeanstheyaredepressedbecausetheyarefrustratedinthefulfillmentoftheirwilddesires.Theywanteverything:tobetopdog,havethemostbeautifulpartner,money,andeverythingelse.Theyhavethechildish,wilddesireswhichwouldliketoeateverythingup,butatthesametimetheyareintelligentenoughtoknowthatlifeisnotlikethat,thattheycannothavewhattheywant,sothedesirecurlsupintosulkydepressiveness.Suchadepression

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30.Thealchemical"greenlion"devouringthesunrelates

totheexperienceofconsciousnessbeingoverwhelmedbyviolent,frustrateddesires(often

maskedbydepression).

hasthequalityofsulkilyfrustrateddesireandexplainswhy,afteranunhappyloveaffair,peopledropintoanawfuldepression.Theirlionhasbeenfrustratedandhasreturnedsulkingtoitslair.

Somepeoplehaveafrustratedinfantwithinthem.Usuallytheyareverycorrectandpolite,andmakeveryfewdemandsontheanalyst,butbeingtoopoliteandcorrectandconsiderateisalwayssuspect.Oneknowsthattheywouldliketoeatuptheanalystcompletelylikethelion,makingchildishdemandsandscenes,becausetheanalysthasstoppedfiveminutesbeforethetime,oransweredthetelephone,orputoffthehour,orevenhadtheflu!Suchdemandinginfantilepeoplecompensatebybeingverycorrect,knowingthatiftheyadmittheirdemandsthenthedevouringlionwillcomeupandtheanalystwill

naturallyhitback,somethingwhichtheyhaveexperiencedofteninlifewhen,afterhidingtheirfeelings,theyonedaytooktheriskandasaresultgotbangedonthe

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head.Sothehurtchildretiresoncemore,bitterlyfrustrated,andthencomesthedepression,thedevouringlion.Thatisapartofprimitivenature,ofprimitivearchaicreactionswhichhavealltheconflictsofwantingtoeatandnotbeingabletodoso,sothatthedepressivemaniatakesover.

Thatisthesymbolismofthemadnessinthelead,butitalsocontainsOsiris,theimmortalman,andifonlyyouacceptthatspotwithinyou,youwillcometothecreativecontentwheretheSelfishidden.ThefrustratedchildcouldbesaidtobeanaspectcoveringupanimageoftheSelf,andthedevouringlionalsoanaspectoftheSelf.

Ifyoutaketheimageofthedevouringlionthisisquiteclear.IfIthinkIoughttobetopdogeverywhere,havethemostbeautifulpartner,havemoney,behappy,andsoon,thatisaparadisefantasy,andwhatisthat?ItisaprojectionoftheSelf!Soactually,thechildishthingisthedesiretoexperienceeverythinginthehereandnow.Thefantasyinitselfisentirelylegitimate,ithastheideaoftheconiunctio,aperfectstate,astateofharmony.Itisareligiousidea,butnaturallyifprojectedontooutsidelifeandwantedthere,inthehereandnow,thatisimpossible.Thewayinwhichthepersonwantstorealizethefantasyischildish,butinitselfitisvaluableandhasnothingwrongorunhealthyinit.

Sojustinthatundominatedmadspotoftheperson,orinthewildorproblematicspot,thereisthesymboloftheSelf.Thatgivesitthedrive,whichiswhypeopleneverknowwhattodofortheycannotrepressit;oriftheyarereasonableandjustgivethethingupandrealizehowchildishitisandthatoneshouldberesignedandadapttolife,thentheyfeelthattheyarecuredbutthattheyhavebeenrobbedoftheirbestpossibilitiesandsoarefrustrated.

IoncehadananalysandwhocametoEuropeforaJungiananalysis

whilehisbestfriendwentintoFreudiananalysis.Afterayeartheydecidedtomeetagain.TheFreudiananalysandsaidthathewascuredandwasgoingbacktohisowncountry;havingrealizedallhisneuroticillusionsandnonsense,hewasgoingtobegintoearnhislivingandfindawifeandmarry.Theothersaidhewasnotcuredatallbutstillverymadandinaconditionofgreatchaos,andthoughhesawhiswayalittlebitmoreclearlytherewasstillagreatdealwhichhadnotyetbeensolved.TheFreudianpatientthensaidthatitwasstrange,butthatthoughallhisdevilshadbeendrivenout,unfortunatelysohadhisangels!

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Alidhadbeenputonthemadspot,butthereligiousfantasyinitofperfection,theromanticfantasy,thefantasyoftheSelf,hadalsohadthelidputonit,sothatmanwillbearesigned,sociallyadaptedanimalwhofunctions,butallhisromanticdreamsoftruthandlifeandrealloveadmittedlychildishfantasiesinboththoseyoungmenareburiedtoo.

Thegreatdifficulty,therefore,toreturntoalchemicallanguage,istoextractOsirisfromthelead,tosavethefantasywhichislifegivingandcutawaythechildishnessofthewishtorealizeit.Thatissodamnsubtle.Thewholetaskistosavethenucleus,thefantasyoftheSelf,andcutawayallthechildishness,theprimitivedesire,andsoonwhichsurroundit,whichwouldmeangettingOsirisoutoftheleadcoffin.Thatiswhatthealchemistdidinaprojectedformwhenhesaidthatthedivinemanhadtobeextractedfromtheleadcoffinorfromthecorruptiblematter.

IthinkthatnowwecangoontoanArabictextbyamannamedMohammedibnUmailat-Tamini.ItissufficienttospeakofMohammedibnUmail,becauseat-TaminitheTaminrefersonlytothespecificIslamictribetowhichhebelonged.Helivedfromabout900to960,thatis,atthebeginningofthe10thcentury,accordingtoourdates.OneofhiswritingshasbeenpublishedinArabicin"TheMemoirsoftheAsiaticSocietyofBengal,"whichwereprintedinCalcuttain1933,accordingtoamanuscriptMr.StapletonfoundinHyderabad.StapletonstatesthatthereareanotherhundredorsomanuscriptsbythesameauthorinHyderabadwithmostinterestingandpromisingtitles,suchas"ThePearlofWisdom,""TheHiddenLampofAlchemy,''andsoon,butifyouwritethereandenquireaboutthemyougetnoanswer.

Sincethe12thcentury,orthebeginningofthe13th,thismanhasbeen

famousinEuropeanalchemy.ThewritingIamgoingtopresenttoyouwastranslatedintoLatinattheendofthe12thorthebeginningofthe13thcenturyandhasbecomeoneofthemostfamousmedievalwritingsintheLatinalchemicalworld.IntheseLatintextshisnameisgivenasSenior,anduntil1933nobodyknewwhoSeniorwas.EventhefamousJ.RuskaassertedmostauthoritativelythatSeniorwasnotanArab,thatthatwasaLatinmisrepresentation.ButoneshouldneverbelieveRuska,forheisalwaysadoubter,andhewascompletelywronginhiscontentionthatitwasmistakenlytakentobeanArabictext.Nowwehavethe

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originalandknowthatthenameSeniorissimplytheLatintranslationfor"TheSheikh,"whichactuallymeans"theoldman"andexplainshowMohammedibnUmailcametobecalledSenior.ThisLatintextwaspublishedunderthetitleDechemia,meaningthatitisaboutchemistry,buttherealArabictitleis"SilverWaterandStarryEarth."TheArabictextisgivenononesideandtheLatinontheothersoitispossibletocompareonewiththeother.TheLatintranslationisquitecorrectanddeviatesonlyinminordetails.

AfterMohammedibnUmailhadleftthecountry,hisbestfriendwasburntasaheretic,beingaShi-ite.IntheIslamicworld,theSunnitesweretheofficialsectand,expressedroughly,thesplitbetweenthemandtheShi-iteswasduetothefactthatthelatterhadamoresymbolicandmysticalinterpretationoftheKoran.Forinstance,theydidnottaketheKoranliterally,butallowedforsymbolicinterpretation,whiletheSunnitesinsistedonliteralobediencetotherulesandonitsliteraltruth.TheShi-itesdevelopedanextensivemysticalsystemofsymbolicinterpretationandinthatwaycouldbecomparedtothemysticsoftheMiddleAgeswhoalsotriedtointerprettheBibleinasymbolicway,incontrasttoothertendencies.

YoucouldmakeacomparisonwiththeparallelsplitbetweentheTalmudicandKabbalistictrendsintheJewishtradition.TheShiiteswouldcorrespondtotheKabbalistictradition,thetrueintrovertswhoweremoredirectedtowardsapsychologicalsymbolicinterpretationandpersonalexperienceofthereligioustruth,incontrasttotheliteralmindedpeoplewhoratherinsistedondogmaandtheholytext.

IwillgiveyoutheArabictextjustasitisinallitscomplexities,asIdidwiththeGreektext,sothatyoumaygetthefullimpactandstrangenessofthiskindofliterature.

IandmydearObouail[theendingisfeminine]enteredtheBarba.[Barba

meansbeard,andofcourseeverybodysaidthatonecouldnotenterabeard,nobodyknewwhattosayabouttheword,butitsimplystandsfor"Birba"pyramidwhichwasobviouslysomethingthetranslatorhadnotunderstood,therebycausingalotofconfusion.]IenteredtheBirbaandacertainsubterraneanhouse,andafterwardsIandElHassan,thatisHassan,sawallthefieryprisonsofJoseph,andIsawontherooftheninepaintedeagleswiththeirwingsexpandedasifflyingandwiththeirfeetopen,andinthetalonsofeacheaglewasabigbow,suchasisalsousedbythosewhoshootwithabow.Onthewallsofthishouse,attheleftandright

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ofthemanentering,Isawtheimagesofhumanbeingsstandingabout.Theycouldnothavebeenmoreperfectorbeautiful,orhadmorebeautifulclothesinallcolours.Theyhadtheirhandsextendedtowardsthecentreoftheroomandwerelookingatacertainstatueinthemiddleoftheroomnearthewalloftheinnerchamber,andwhichwasfacingthem.Thestatuewasrepresentedsittingonathrone,similartothedoctor'sthrone,andonthatthestatuesat,withonitslap,overitsarms,andwithexpandedhandsoveritsknees,amarbleplate,whichwasextractedfromit[fromwhatisnotknown],inthelengthofonearm,andasbroadasonehand,andthefingersofthestatuewereclaspedovertheedgeofthetabletwhichitheld.Thetablethadtheappearanceofanopenbookfacingthepersonwhoentered,asifthestatuewantedtoshowittohim.

Thatsoundscomplicated,butitsimplymeanstherewasaseatedstatueatthebackoftheroomholdingatabletoverwhichitsfingerswereclaspedoutwards,anditlookedlikeanopenbook,whichapparentlyitwantedtoshowtothepersonwhocamein.

Inthatpartoftheroominwhichthestatuesatwereimagesofinfinitethings,andletterswritteninabarbariclanguage[whichsimplymeansalanguagenotArabic].Thistabletonesawonthelapofthestatuewasdividedbyalineinthemiddlewhichseparatedthetwosides.Onthelowerpartwastheimageoftwobirdsbentovereachother,oneofwhichwaswinglessandtheotherwinged,andeachheldinitsbeakthetailoftheother.

Lookedatschematically,thebirdswouldbelyingoneovertheother,eachwithitsheadtothetailoftheotherbird,onebeingwingedandtheotherwingless.Itwasasthoughtheywantedtoflytogether,orasthoughthewinglessonewaskeepingtheotherback,thatis,theupperbirdwantedtocarryawaythelower,butthelowerbirdhelditbackandpreventeditfromflyingaway.Thetwobirdswereboundtogether,werehomogeneousandofthesamesubstanceandtheywerepaintedinonesphereasthoughtheimageoftwothingsinone.

Neartheheadoftheflyingbird,andaboveit,thesunandmoonwere

represented.Thiswasnearthefingersofthestatue,andintheotherpartofthetabletthatis,totherightwasanothersphereorroundobjectfacingthebirdsandasawholetherewerefivetimerhythms[thatisalsosomethingwhichisunexplained],namelybelowthebirdsandthesphere.Abovethissphereistheimageofthemoonandanothersphere.Ontheotherside,nearthefingersofthestatue,istheimageofthesunwhichemitsitsraysliketheimageoftwoinone.

Oppositeisanimageofthesunwithonerayfallingdownwardsandtogetherthatwouldmakethree,namelythetwoplanetsthesunandthemoonandtherayofthetwoinone,andfromtherayonepartgoesdownandreachesintothelowerpartofthetabletsurroundingtheblacksphereanddividedbythissurroundingsphere,whichaltogethermakestwo,three,andthethird.

Whatisclearfromtheaboveisthatthesunandmoonarebesideeach

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31.Statueofwiseoldman(HermesTrismegistus)holdingtablet,

fromSenior'sDechemia.(Detailonpage124.)

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other,withthemoonfacingyouontherightandthesunontheleft,andbelowisablackspherewhichtherayspenetrate.Thethirdhastheformofawaxingmoon,theinnerpartofwhichiswhitewithoutblackness,butitissurroundedbyablacksphere,andtheformisliketheformoftwoinoneofasimplesun,andthatistheimageofoneinoneandthoseareagainfive,andtogethertheymaketen,accordingtothenumberoftheeaglesandtheblackearth.

IhavenowtoldyouallthisandhavewrittenapoemandwithoutthegraceofGod,whosenamebeblessed,weshouldnothavethissecret.Sothatyoumayunderstandandthinkwellaboutitandmeditateonit,Ihavepaintedforyoutheimageofthetablet,andwhattheimagesarewillbeexplainedinmypoemandafterwardsyoucanlookatthechaptersandseewhateachfiguremeant.NowIhavealreadyexplainedthosetenfiguresandIhaveshownthefiguresinmypoemandcertainlyonecouldnotdowithoutmypoem,butIwanttomanifesttoyousomethingwhichallthewisemenhavehithertohiddenwhoproducedthisstatueinthishouse,inwhichthewholescienceisdescribedinasymbolicfigureteachinghiswisdomonthisstoneanddisplayingittothosewhocanunderstand.Iknowthatthisstatuewasthefigureofawiseman.[ThisstatuerepresentsHermes,soitmeansHermesinventedthescienceanddrewthefigures.]

Wenowhavetofindoutwhatthisallmeans.Thestatueisthefigureofawiseman,andonhislapistheoccultsciencewhichhedescribesbymeansofsymbolicfiguressoastodirecttheonewhoknowsandunderstands.Thewisewhounderstanditmustlookattheinnerwithsubtlety,andmustknowthetermsofwisdomandmustunderstandanobscureandsymboliclanguage.Whenhethencomparessuchobscurelanguagewithourimages,thenhewillopentheonefromtheotherandwillbecometherulerofthesecretstone.

Thenfollowsanotherpartwhichhasanewtitle,"LetterfromtheSuntotheWaxingMoon."This,asyouwillsee,isaloveletter.

"IngreatweaknessIwillgiveyoulightfrommybeautytillIhavereachedperfection."[Thesunwillbeexaltedtothegreatestheight.]Firstthemoon

saystothesun:"Youneedmeasthecockneedsthehen,andIneedyourworks,OSun,withoutinterruption,becauseyouareofperfectcharacter,thefatherofalllights,thehighlight,thegreatMasterandLord.Iamthewaxingmoon,moistandcold,andyouarethesun,warmanddry.

"Whenwehaveunitedinanequalityofthestatusofourhouse,inwhichnothingelsehappensexceptthattheheavyhasthelightwithit,inwhichwewillstay,thenIshallbelikeawomanwhoisopentoherhusbandandthatistrueinword,andwhenwehavebeenunited,stayinginthebellyofthisclosedhouse,thenIwillreceive,byflatteringyou,yoursoul,andyouwilltakeawaymybeautyandthroughyourclosenessIwillbecomethinandwewillbeexaltedinaspiritualexaltation,orheightenedinaspiritualexaltation.

"WhenwegoupintheorderoftheSheikhs,ortheoldmen,theglowingsubstanceofthylightwillbeunitedwithmylightandyouandIwillbelikethemixtureofwineandsweetwater,andIwillstopmyflowand

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afterwardsIwillbewrappedupinyourblacknessandthatwillhavethecolourofblackink,butafteryourdissolutionandmycoagulation,whenwehaveenteredthehouseoflove,mybodywillcoagulateandIwillbeinmyemptiness."

Thatprobablymeansthemoonhascompletelywaned,i.e.,itisthenewmoon.Tothisthesunreplies:

"Ifyoudothis,andifyoudomenoharm,OMoon,andifmybodywillreturn,thenIwillgiveyouanewvirtueofpenetrationandafterthisyouwillbepowerfulinthebattleofthefireofliquefactionandpurgationandtherewillnolongerbeanydiminishing,ordarkness,asitiswiththecopperandthelead,andyouwillnotfightmeanymorebecauseyouwillnotberebelliousanymore."

Thesunthereforesays:IfyouwilldomenoharminthisconiunctioforthemoonmightharmthesunthenIwillmakeyoupowerfulinthebattleofthefire,andthenyouwillnotbecorruptibleanymoreasthecopperis,andyouwillnotfightme,thesun,later,becauseyouwillhavenorebelliousfeelingsanymore.Sothemoon,whichischaracterizedbywaxingandwaningandbeinghostiletothesun,andasbeingdarkandcorruptible,willloseallthosenegativequalitiesandbecomeasolidlight,asthesunis.Thesuncontinues:

"Blessedishewhothinksaboutmywords;mydignitywillnotbetakenawayfromyouandwillnotbecomecheap,asalionwillnotbecomecheap,beingweakenedbytheflesh[thelionishereanotherimageofthesun],butifyoufollowmethenIwillnotdenyyouortakeawayfromyoutheincreasingofthelead,butthenmylightwillbeextinguishedandallmybeautywillbeextinguished,buttheywilltakefromthecopperofmypurebodyandfromthefatnessoftheleadbyverifyingitinthesyllogismoftheirweight,butwithoutgoat'sblood,andthenonewillmakeadistillationbetweenwhatisfalseandwhatistrue.

"Iamthehard,dryiron,Iamthestrongferment,everygoodthingisinme,thelightofthesecretofsecretsisgeneratedthroughme,andevery

activethingismyaction.Whathaslightiscreatedinthedarknessofthelight[everythingthatshineshasbeencreatedinthedarkness]butafterIhavebeenledtoperfectionIwillrecoverfrommyillnessandfrommyweakness,andthenwillappearthatgreatliquidfromtheheadandthetailandthosearethetwoqualitiesandthetenordersorweights,fiveofwhicharewithoutdarknessandfiveofthemareshininginbeauty."

Thatistheendoftheletter.AfterthisSeniorpromisestogiveanexplanation,butthetextjustgoesoninthesameway.Theexplanationhegivesissimplywhatwewouldcallanamplification,averymeaningfuloneitistrue,butstillnotanexplanation.

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ActuallyweknowthatMohammedibnUmailwasoneofthosedamnedrobberswhobrokeopenpyramidsandinvestigatedtheinnercoffinchambers.InthosetimestheArabsdestroyedagreatnumberofpyramids,stealingallthegoldinthem,sothatnowadaysmostpyramidsareempty,butSenior,orMohammedibnUmail,didnotdoitasmostoftheothersdid,justtofindandstealthegold,butbecauseheprojectedintothedeathchamberofthepyramidsthealchemicalsecret.

Hethought,aswediscoverinthesucceedingpartsofthebook,thattheEgyptiansknewalchemy,andthatwhatwastobefoundintheinnermostchamberofthepyramidwasthesecretofalchemy,butwhatwaswrittenintheoldEgyptianlanguagehecouldnotread,whichiswhyhespeaksofabarbariclanguagethiswasbeforeChampollion,asyouknow.Sohethoughtthatinthosemysterioushieroglyphicsignswaswrittenthesecretofalchemy,andashedescribesinanothertext,hefoundamummifiedqueeninagoldcoffinwhohadapairofscissorsandlittlebowlsofgoldandhewasabsolutelysurethatthatwasthequeenofalchemy,asitwere,thewiseprophetessofalchemy,andthattheinstrumentshiddeninthecoffinoftheEgyptianqueenweresymbolicallusionstothealchemicalwork.

Thatisoneofthestrangethingsofprojectionintothepast.Heprojectedthewholesymbolismofthealchemicalopusintothemummification.Butwhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatweknownow,fromwhatItoldyoubefore,thatactuallyalchemydidoriginatefromtheEgyptiandeathcult,thatthechemistryofmummificationplayedanenormousrole,thatactuallytheEgyptiansmummifiedtheirdeadinordertoobtainimmortalityandmakethedeadpersondivine,andthatalchemytriedtodothesamething,namelyproducetheimmortalman,produceimmortality.ThereforethereisaverygoodhookforoldSenior'sprojectionhejustprojectedthewholething

backwardsintoEgyptianmummification,whichiswhyhesopassionatelyhelpedtobreakopenanddestroythefuneralchambersinthepyramids.Naturallyhelookedateverythinghesawthereandtriedtofindoutwhethertherewereallusionstotheworkofalchemy.

Thepictureofthisstatueholdingatabletisaclassictopicofmanyotheralchemicaltexts.ItisnotspecifictoSenior.Youallknow,fromDr.Jung'slecturesonZarathustra,ofthetabulasmaragdinatheemeraldtablet.Itisaclassicaltexttothesingle

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sentencesofwhichJunghasgivenaninterpretation,sothatIneednotgointoit.TheoldestformofsuchatextwasfoundinthewritingsofGabir,whichwouldbeinthe7thcentury,andfromthewholeofthisoldestversionofthefindingofthetabulaitisclearthatthetalegoesbacktoGreeksources.TheremusthavebeenaGreekstoryofaHermesstatuefoundinatombwhichhadthewholesecretonitsknees.

Thatstorybecameatopicofalchemicalliteratureininnumerablealchemicalwritings,forinstanceintheKitabalHabib,oralsotheBookofKrates.Italwaysstartsoffthesameway:"Ienteredthetombandfoundastatuewithatablet,onwhichwas...,"andthenfollowsakindofexplanation.SoinSenior'stimethathadbecomeathemeinliterature.Thatisaparalleltotheemeraldtablet,andtherearenewvariations.SenioraddssomethingwhichIhavenotfoundinanyoftheothertalesofthefindingofthetablet,namelythenineorteneagleswhich,inthepicture,shootatthestatuewithbowandarrow.Hehasalsochangedthecontentofthetablet,foronitarenotsentencesofwisdom,asintheothers,buttwosymbolicdrawings,theoneofthetwobirdswhichtrytoflyawayfromeachother,andtheotherofthesunandmoonandtheblacksphere,andthat,asfarasIcansee,isSenior'scontribution.

Iamnowtakingsomeoftheinformationgivenintherestofthebook,allofwhichIcannotreadtoyou.Accordingtoit,theeaglesrepresentthesublimatedorvolatilesubstanceandthereforesomethingsimilartothewifeofthesteaminourothertext.Flyingsubstanceslikesteamandvapourwereveryoftensymbolisedbybirdsbecausetheysaidthatthesesubstanceshadacquiredspiritualqualities.Thebowandarrowarequitemysteriousandareneverexplainedthroughoutthewholebook,sowemusteitherleavethemunexplainedorgiveapsychologicalexplanation.Hermessitssurroundedbythenineeagles

whichshootathimwithbowandarrow.ThatmotifisjustskippedbySeniorinhislaterexplanationofthetext,butfromtherestofthetextyoucanmakeoutthattheeaglesrepresentthespiritualizedsubstances.

Whatwouldyousaythebowandarrowrepresent?Imagineitwasapatient'sdrawing.WhatwouldyouthensayoftheeaglesshootingatHermes?Wehavefirsttoamplifythebowandarrow.Whatdoesthatsuggest?

Answer:Eros.

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32.Kingandqueenholdingeagleandswan,symbolsofthevolatilespirit.Saturn,whosepositiveaspectsareself-disciplineandendurance,isin

theforeground.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,thatisthemostobviousideathelittleboyCupidwithhisawkwardarrows,andthewholeliteratureofantiquityconcerningthebowandarrowandhowCupidevensometimesshootsanarrowatZeusataverybadmomentandgetshimintohispower.

Abowandarrowwouldindicatedirectionsomethingispointedatanobject.Thelibidohasbeendirected,justashappensifyoufallinlove:youareswimmingalonginthestreamoflifeandsuddenlyyouareshotat,andthenyougohomeandthinkofthatwomanormanfrommorningtillnight.Suddenlyallthelibidoisdirectedandconcentratedthere.Youdonotwanttothinkaboutit,butthenyoubegintowonderwhetheryouwillmeetthatpersontomorrowatthesameplace,andsoon,forthat'swheretheenergyis.

Thereforeyoucansaythatthebowandarrowhavetodowiththe

suddendirectednessoftheunconsciouslibido;ithastodowiththe

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projection,foranarrowisaprojectileandthroughprojectionthelibidogetspointed.Itisjustthesameifyouhatesomeone.ThereisevenasayingwhichquestionswhoisclosertoGodIbelieveitisanIndiansayinghewholoveshimorhewhohateshim?Andtheansweristhemanwhohateshim,becausehewillthinkofGodevenmoreoftenandmoreintenselythantheonewholoveshim,forhisbowandarrowareconstantlydirected,thatisthedirectionoflibidothroughprojection.

Youcansaythatallthedissociatedforcesofthoughtandofthesoularenowconcentratedonwhatisonthistablet,i.e.,roundthisthewholepsychologicalattentionisconcentrated.Therearethetwowingsofthetablet,liketwopartsofabook,andontheonesideistheproblemofthetwobirdsandontheotherthatoftheunionofsunandmoon.

TheproblemofthetwobirdsisobviouslyavariationoftheOuroborosasinoldalchemy,forintheoldGreektextswefindadrawingofthesnakewhicheatsitsowntail.Usuallytheheadhasstarsonitandtherestisblack,whichwouldbethesecretopposition.IntheoldGreektextthatisexplainedastheheadbeingdifferentfromthetail.Itmakesamarvellouspictureifyousaythatitisonethingbutthatthereisaninneroppositionbetweentheheadandthetail.Thereforetherearesuchsayingsas:"Takethehead,butbewareofthetail,"or"Unlesstheheadhasintegratedthetail,thewholesubstanceisnothing."Thereisagreatdealsaidabouttheheadandthetail,andhowtheyshouldrelatetoeachother,thereforeitwelldescribestheoppositeswhicharesecretlyone.ItisakindofEuropeantai-gi-tutheYin-Yangsymbol,theoppositesinone.

Remark:TheeaglesgivemetheimpressionofhavingarelationtoApolloforitissaidthattheycanlookatthesun,andofcourseApollo

hasthebow,ashasthewingedboyCupid.

Dr.vonFranz:Apolloistherepresentativeoftheprincipleofconsciousness,butthatdoesnotcontradicttheinterpretation.Apollo'sbowandarrowwouldrefertotheattentiongivenbylove,theconcentrationofmentallibidothroughlove.Accordingtothescholastictheoryofknowledgeyoucanonlygetknowledgethroughlove,whichmeansthatyouonlyacquireknowledgebylovingyoursubject,bybeingfascinatedbyit.Thustheanimaisalwaysbehindthesearchfortruth.

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33.Frustratedexpectationsanddesires,arisingpartlyfromthe

phenomenonofprojection,arethebasicmaterialofanalyticalwork.Theemotionalreactionsinvolvedintheprocessofwithdrawing

projectionsmaybelikenedtothealchemicalimageofthesalamander,asprimamateria,roastinginthefire.

Ifyouhavetolearnaboutasubjectyoudonotlove,whereyouhavenoprojection,whichmeansthatyouhavenorelationshiptoit,itdoesnotmeananythingtoyouandisnotconnectedwithyourflowoflibido,soyouhavetotoilandsweatatsomethingandlearnitfortheexam,buttenminuteslateryouhaveforgottenitagain.Ifyouarefascinated,however,whichmeansthataprojectionhastakenplace,thenyougetemotionalandacquireatremendousamountofconsciousnessveryeasilyandquickly.Thatisthewholesecretofteachingandlearning.Youcansaythatthosearesimplytwoaspectsofwhatasageneraldescriptiononemightcallattention,whichiscreatedeitherbytheconcentrationofconsciousness,orbylove,andbehindbothisprojection.Fascinationalwaysinvolvesprojection.

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Remark:Youtalkofprojection,buttheseareallarchetypalfigures.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,andthatraisesthequestionastowhetherarchetypesproject.Ithinktheydo.Certainlyitissoinourideaofprojection.Considerwhatactuallyhappens.Weknowquitewellthatwenevermaketheprojection,butthatitisdonetous.Idonotmyselfprojectsomething;thatisthewayonetalks,butitisnottrue.ThefactisthatIsuddenlyfindmyselfinthesituationofprojecting,andwhenIhaveseenthatitwasaprojectionIcanbegintotalkaboutit,butnotbefore.Forinstance,someonewhohasprojectedtheshadowwillinsisttheotherpersonisarotterandwillcarryonlikethat,butperhapstwoyearslater,inthecourseofanalysis,hewillrealizehewasprojectinghisshadowontotheother.Thereforewhoprojected?Thatisagreatmystery.

WhentheGreeksfellinlovetheyweremodestenoughnottosay,''Ihavefalleninlove,"butexpresseditmoreaccuratelybysaying:"Thegodofloveshotanarrowatme."Andthatishowitreallyhappensonesuddenlyhasthepainfulstingwhichonehasnotmadeoneself,onefindsoneselfbeingshotat.Soonecanthereforespeakofthearchetypeofthegodoflove.IfyougointothehistoryofErosyouwillfindthatheisavariationofHermes;theErosofantiquityissimilartoHermesKyllenios.InoldentimeswhenhewasafertilitygodofBoetiahewasrepresentedexactlylikethepriapicHermesstatues.YoucanthereforesaythattheGreeksmeantavariationofthegodHermes.ItisasymboloftheSelf,orofthetotality,whichmakestheprojection.Ithinkthatiscorrect.IfIfindmyselfinaprojectionsituation,thatisanarrangementbytheSelf.

Remark:HeretheeagleisconnectedwithEros,orwithApollo,sothegodsareprojectingontothegods.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,youarequiteright,andthereforeingeneralwe

cansaythatitisalwaystheunconscious,orsomeaspectofit,whichproducestheprojection.ItistheSelforagod.Itisalwaysagodwhoproducestheprojection,whichmeansthatitisalwaysanarchetype,theegocomplexdoesnotdoit.

Thenextstepistoaskwhatthegodoftheunconsciousprojectsonto.Usuallyheprojectsontoouterobjects,eitherhumanbeingsorthings.Orcanithappenthatanarchetypeprojectsontoanotherarchetype?Ithinkitcan,itissomethingwhichoccursfrequently,andthatwouldbeaprocessofunificationinthesystemsofreligion.

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34.Cupid,Venus,andthePassionsofLove,byBronzino."WhenXfallsinlovewithY,anonlookermightcallthatprojection....Butaslongasthereisno

uneasiness,Ihavenorighttocutintothatparticipationbycallingitprojection;thatisahorriblepoisonousmistakepeopleconstantlymake."

vonFranz.

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Takepolytheism,forinstance.Inmostpolytheisticsystemsofreligionthereisthesecretknowledgethattheyareallaspectsofonegod.EventheGreeksknewthat;inlateGreekStoicphilosophyitisalwayssaidthatthereisreallyonlyonegodandthatalltheothergodsAthene,Hermes,andsoonareonlydifferentaspectsofthatone,soyoucansaythatthereisalatentmonotheismwithinGreekpolytheism.ThesamethinghappenswiththeElohiminJewishmonotheism.WhenGodcreatedtheworldHesaid,"Letuscreate,"andithasalwaysbeensupposedthatthe"us"wasaddressedtotheElohim.Sothereisalsoasecretpolytheismwithinmonotheism,whichalsocomesinthefiguresoftheMalakJahwe,theangelofGod.SometimesJahweinterferesHimselfandsometimesHesendstheMalakJahwe,whoismoreorlessjustoneaspectofHimself.

Itcanbesaidingeneralthatinanymonotheisticsystem,justasinJudaeo-Christianity,thereisasecrettendencytowardspolytheism,whichthoughnotquiterealizedoradmittedyetexists,justasinpolytheisticsystemsthereisasecrettendencytowardsmonotheism,toensurethatallthosemanygodsarereallyonlydifferentaspectsoftheonegod.IfyouexpressthatinpsychologicaltermsitwouldmeanthatthemultitudeofarchetypalconstellationsareallreallyoneintheSelf,althoughtheSelfactuallymanifestsinpracticallifeveryofteninsingleaspectswhichweprefertocalldifferentarchetypes.

TheproblemiswhethertherearemanyarchetypesorifthearchetypeoftheSelfisreallytheonearchetype.Forinstance,whensomeoneisdominatedbythemotherarchetype,onespeaksofamothercomplex,butifwegointothatitwillalwaysbefoundthatthewholeSelfisinit.AnarchetypalcomplexalwaysleadstothesymboloftheSelf.Sohereagainthereisasecretmonotheisminpolytheism,whetherthestressisontheoneortheother.Ifthemanypointtotheone,Iwouldsaythatintheunconsciousthereisatendencytowardsputtingallthe

energyontotheSelfandawayfromthedifferentsinglearchetypes.Themanyarchetypestendtoconcentrateroundtheonearchetype,whichyoucouldsaymirrorsthetendencyintheunconsciousitselftowardsgreaterconsciousness.

ItcouldbesaidthattheeaglesarelikeanassemblyofgodsgatheringroundtheoneGod,whichpsychologicallyinterpretedwouldmeanthatmanyarchetypesbegintofallintoanorder

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concentratingonthearchetypeoftheSelf.ThearchetypeoftheSelfbeginstobedominantandthedissociationintomanyarchetypesbeginstobeorderedroundacentre.Itwouldfollowthatifasinglearchetypeisdominantinone'spsyche,letussaythemotherarchetype,ortheanimaarchetype,orwhateveritmaybe,thenthereisacertainamountofone-sidednessinthatperson.ItisonlywhenthearchetypeoftheSelfreallybeginstocarrytheprocessthatthethingbecomesunifiedandeverythingfallsintoplace;Iwouldsay,infact,thatthesenseofunityisasymbolicrepresentationofthatmomentwhenthemanyarchetypesbegintogivetheirenergytoone.

Remark:Iwasthinkingofsomethingslightlydifferent,gettingalittleawayfromarchetypesandmoretotheprimitivereligiousattitudesuchastheexperienceofthegodinthetree,orthespiritinthetree.TheparallelIwouldseeinthiscaseisthefollowing:Perhapsthereisaspiritinthetreeandthearchetypesarebeingprojectedontothetree,soGodisreallyinthetreeandthegodsareprojectingontoGod.Thatisaspeculation.

Dr.vonFranz:Yesitis,andIcannotanswerit.Youcanbelieveitornot,forsuchathingcannotbeproved.Actuallythatsimplytouchesuponthequestionastowhether,ifanarchetypalimageisreallyprojected,thereisalsoatranscendentalrealitywhichmakestheprojection.Butwehavenomeansofcheckingsuchathing,soitisaquestionofbeliefandyoucanbelieveitornot.Idobelieveit,butIdonotintendtotrytoconvinceanybodybecauseIhavenoproofs.

Remark:Ifyoureallygetbacktotheprimitivereligiousattitudeandtrytoanalyseit,sayingthatthisisjustaprojection,thenimmediatelysomethinghasbeenprojected,andonecanonlytakeitonthatlevel.

Dr.vonFranz:Thatiscompletelywrong.IfyoureadDr.Jung'sdefinitionofprojection,hesayscategoricallythatyoucanonlyspeak

ofprojectionwhendoubthasarisen.Thereforewearewrongifwesaythattheprimitiveprojectsontothetree.Thatisourwayoftalking,becausewedoubtwhetherGodisinthetreeandthereforewecansaythatitwouldbeaprojectionforus,butsincenodoubtarisesintheprimitivewehavenorighttospeakofhisprojection.

LookupJung'ssimpledefinitionofprojectioninPsychological

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35.TreeSpirit,byMargaretJacoby.

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Types.Thereyouwillreadthatonecanonlyspeakofaprojectionwhendoubthasarisenandthatuntilthentheassertionthatthereisaprojectionisnotlegitimate.OnlywhenwithinmyselfIfeelinsecurecanIbegintospeakofprojection,andnotbefore.ProjectionimpliesthatIamnolongerentirelyconvinced,thatIamalreadytoacertainextentoutoftheparticipationmystique,orarchaicidentity;untilthenthereisnoprojection.

Naturallytheonlookerdoubts,whichiswhyifonetakesamoderncase,forinstanceXfallsinlovewithY,theonlookerwillcallthataprojectionoftheanimus.Butforthepersoninvolvedthereisnoprojection,anditwouldbeananalyticalmistaketosaytherewasthatwouldbeinfectingtheotherpersonwithone'sowndoubt.ForXthatmanisnowthebeloved,andnotsimplyanimageoftheanimus.IfIdoubtitbecauseIamnotinthesameparticipation,Ihavenorighttopoisontheotherwiththatdoubt.Ihavetowaituntiltheanalysandbeginstofeelsomedisquiet,untilthemanshelovesdoesnotbehaveasshehadexpectedhewould.Oncethisstateofdisquiethasmanifested,Icansaythatperhapsshehasprojectedontothatmansomethingwithinher.Butaslongasthereisnouneasiness,Ihavenorighttocutintothatparticipationbycallingitaprojection;thatisahorriblepoisonousmistakepeopleconstantlymake.

Wenolongerbelievethattreesandanimalsaregods,butitwouldbewrongtoassertthatitisprojectioninthecaseoftheprimitive,forwhattousisprojectionistotheprimitivethewholeexperienceofreality.Itistheirtruth.

IfIweretogotoAfricaandbecomeblackmyselfemotionally,thenIwouldnotspeakasIusedtooftheprimitives'projection,IwouldsaythatnowIseetheprimitivesareright:Godisinthetree.ButaslongasIstayinEurope,andtheprimitivesaysGodisinthetreewhileIdo

notseeanythingdivineaboutitinthatcaseIcouldspeakofprojection.TheuseoftheworddependsonthestateIamin.WhenIdoubt,Icanuseit,butifthereisnodoubtinmeIcannot,andIshouldneverusethewordtopoisonanotherperson'sreality.

Projectionsdieautonomouslysuddenlythethinghasdisappeared,andthathappenscompletelywithoutconsciouscooperation.Suchthingsarepsychologicaleventsperse.AfterwardsIcansaytherewasaprojection,butthatisonlyarelativeandnotanabsolutetruth.

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36.Thewingedandwinglessbirds,andthejustandunjustsuns,symbolicdrawingsfromSenior'sDechemia.(Detailofsceneonpage110.)

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Lecture5ArabicAlchemyWearenowgoingtodiscussthedrawingofthetwotabletsasitcontainsrathermorethanthetextIhavealreadyreadyou.

Ononepartofthetabletthereisawingedbirdandabirdwithoutwings.Thewingedbirdisaboveandtheotherbelow;thetextsaysthelatterpreventsthewingedbirdfromflyingaway.Eacheatstheother'stail,soitisavariationoftheOuroborossnakewhicheatsitsowntail.Abovethebirds,thoughthisisnotmentionedinthedescription,arethemoonandthesun,andbelowisthespheretowhichthetextlatergivesdifferentnames:itiscalledthemoonandalsotheearthandtheinferiorworld,theworldbelow.Therefore,inaway,themoonisdouble;above,itisthebride,ortheoppositeofthesun,butitisalsosomehowmixedupwiththeworldbelow,calledtheearth.Sothereisonemoonidenticalwiththeearth,andonewhichisthepartnerofthesun.

Inthesecondtablettherearetwosuns:oneemitstworaysontothelowerworld,andtheotheronlyone.Bothradiatetothelowerworld,whereagainthereisthefullmoon,describedinalaterpartofthetextasbeingwhiteandsurroundedbyablacksphere;lookedatfromtheoutsideonewouldseeonlytheblackness,buttheinsideiswhite,havingawhitemoonsubstance.Inthispicturethesunisdoubledandintheotherthemoonisdoubled,andeachisthepartneroftheother.

Inbothpicturesthereisaninterconnectionbetweenthelowerandtheupperworldsand,inbetween,thefightbetweenthebirds.Thesunradiatesontothelowerworld.Thebottomsphere,whichisblackoutsideandwhiteinside,isagaincalledthelowerworldthemundus

inferiorwhichheremeansthiscosmosbelowthefirmament,oruptotheoutermostspheresoftheplanets.Inantiquityandmedievaltimes,itwasthoughtthatbelowwasthemoonandthecorruptibleworldandabovewerethestarsandtheeternalworld.

Question:Whydoesonesunhaveonerayandtheothertwo?

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Dr.vonFranz:Itisjustso!Actually,theraysarenotshownonthetablets;anoldalchemistwhoonceownedthebookhasdrawnintworaysininkonbothsides,butaccordingtothetextonesunsendsdownonlyoneray.Thereitissaidthattheonesunradiateswithjusticeandtheotherwithout,andthatisthedifferencebetweenthetwo.Althoughthetextdoesnotsayso,Isupposethatthesunwiththetworaysistheonewhichradiateswithjustice,foritisbalanced,ithasthetwosides.SolcumjustitiaandnoncumjustitiaastheveryclumsyLatintranslationsays.Butbothsunsradiateupon,andpenetrate,thelowerworldwiththeirrays.

WehavenowtotryIsaytryformanypartsarefarbeyondmycomprehensiontounderstandthetextpsychologically.FirstwehavetorefertoSeniorhimselfandreadtheamplificationshegivesthroughoutthebook.Seniorsaysofthetwobirdsthattheyarealsosunandmoon,thatthewinglessbirdistheredsulphuranditsexaltedsoulisthewingedbird;hesaysthebirdsarebrotherandsister,andofthelowerthingthatitisthebasisofthetwobirds,astheearthisthebasisofthemoon,orthelowerworld.

Letusconsiderthesefewamplifications.Sulphurisoneofthemostimportantbasicmattersinthealchemicalprocess.InMysteriumConiunctionisJungwroteawholechapteronit,fromwhichcanbeseenthatsulphurisanactivesubstance,acorrosivesubstance,andadangerousoneonaccountofitsevilsmell.Asyouknow,infolklorethedevilalwayssmellsofsulphur,andleavesanairofsulphurbehindwhenheleavesorhasbeenexorcised.Sulphuralsoproducesallcolours,istheloverofthealchemicalbridefigure,andsoon,anditisathiefwhichinterfereswiththelovingcouple.

Thusyoucouldinterpretsulphurasdrivenness,astateofbeingdriven.Itwouldnotberighttospeakofthedriveitself;itisratherthe

stateorqualityofbeingdrivenoroverwhelmed.Ifyoulookatitfromacertainreligiousangle,thatwouldnaturallybethedevil;itissex,forinstance,butinthesenseofbeingdrivenbysex,orsexinitsoverwhelmingform,i.e.,somethingnotunderone'scontrol.

Sulphuristheactivepartofthepsyche,thepartwhichhasadefinitegoal.Inapsychologicalconnection,onewatchestofindoutwherethelibidoisdrivingtowardsitsgoal.Itmaynotbesex,butanotherkindofdrivenness;itcouldbeambitionandthepowerdrive,orsomethingelse.Thereforeithasthedoubleaspectofsupplyingtheoriginalimpetusthemalematterasitiscalledhereandispositiveandnegativeatthesametime.Anyonewhoexamineshimself,ifheishonest,isusuallyfirstconfrontedwith

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37.LoonandFish,modernvariationonthealchemical"wingedandwinglessbirds"motif,byJacksonBeardy,OjibwayIndian.Theloonrepresentsthespiritualaspectofthepsyche(the"exaltedsoul");thefishissymbolically

equivalenttothewinglessbird(redsulphur,theinstinctivedrives).Thetensionbetweenthetwoworldsspiritandmatter,consciousnessandtheunconsciousisindicatedbythewavylines.Thehalvedcircle

radiatingenergywouldrepresenttheSelf.

thatpartofthepsychewhichisinsuchacondition.

Theredcolourreferstofiretheemotionalquality.Thewinglessbirdistheredsulphur;itisthebirdbelow,andisalsoreferredtoasthefemale,sothatwehaveaparadoxbecause,beingdriven,itisregardedasthemaleactivequalitybutprojectedontothelowerbirditisthefemale.Sothecharacteristicsfemale-maleareveryvague;thetermsareusedindifferentwaysinalchemy.Itcouldbesaidthatthewinglessbird,theredsulphur,isanunderlyingfactoroftheinnerpsychiclifeandisalwayswhatonehasfirsttounearth,foritistheprimamateria.

Togettothebottomofsomeone'sproblemitisnecessaryfirsttofindthemake-upofsuchdrives.Weallhavetheminusanduntilwebringthemupandfacethemwehaveahiddencornerwheretheyliveautonomously.Theyhavetodowiththeunconsciousand,as

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youknow,Freudwassoimpressedbythisaspectthatwhenhediscoveredthe''redsulphur"hethoughtthatwasthewholething,thatthatwasit.Inawayhewasright.Hewasimpressedbythedrivingnatureoftheunconscious,bythesexaspect,asAdlerwasbytheambitiousorpoweraspect,sotheyfellupontheprimamateriaoftheredsulphurandfromthatangletriedtoexplaintheroleoftheunconscious.

Thewingedbirdiscalledtheexaltedsouloftheother,meaningthatonceonehastheprimamateria,whichIwouldinterprethereasthebasicinstinctivedrivesofthepersonality,thathastobecookedandwhencookedemanatessteamwhich"flies"abovematter,whichwouldbewhatthealchemistscallthesoulofmatter.Wehadthatbefore,youwillremember,asthewifeofthesteaminourothertext.Thisvapourlike,steamlike,volatilesubstancethe"flyingfugitivesubstance,"asitiscalled,whichexplainswhythebirdiswingedwishestoriseduringthecookingprocess.

Expressedinourlanguage,whatwouldbethecorrespondingpsychologicalaspect?Letusassumethewinglessbirdwouldbethebasicfactofthehumanpersonalitywiththespecificaspectofthestrongestbasicdrives.Howdowecookdrives?

Remark:Theyarecookedinanalysis,surely.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,buthowisthatdonepractically?

Answers:Bymakingthemconscious.Bygoingintodepressions.

Dr.vonFranz:Well,yes,thatwouldbegoingtomeetthedrives.Ifyoudon'tknowthem,youhavefirsttogointoadepressioninordertomeetthem.Whenyouhavemetthem,youareatthebottom,andthenyouareintheprimamateriaandthereyoutouchit.Youmeditateonitanddoactiveimagination,oryoulookfortheunderlyingmeaning.

Supposesomeoneisinlovebutdoesn'tgetanywhere;beingfrustrated,onegetsintoadepression,sayingthatitisnotpossibletogetawayfromthelovedone.Thatwouldbecontinuoustorture.Thenonewouldsay,wellatbottomthereisthedrive,thedependence,somethingwhichconstantlyoccursinatransference.Manyanalysandsresentthetransferencebecauseofthedependenceitentails,butnothingcanbedoneaboutitfortheyaredependent;theyaredriven,theywriteletters,theytelephonetwentytimesaday,etc.Thewholebusinessisnotpleasanteitherforanalystoranalysand.Frequentlythepartners,beingreasonable,agreeitis

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38.ThetransformationofMercurius,asprimamateria,intheheated,sealedvesseliscomparabletocookingthebasic

instinctivedrivesintheirownaffectuntiltheiressentialfantasycontentbecomesconscious."Insteadofarguingwiththedriveswhichcarryusaway,weprefertocookthemand...askthem

whattheywant....Thatcanbediscoveredbyactiveimagination,orthroughafantasy,orthroughexperimentinginreality,butalways

withtheintrovertedattitudeofobservingobjectivelywhatthedrivereallywants."vonFranz.

strangeandcrazyandannoyingforboth,buttheunreasonabledrivepaysnoattention,ittakesnonoticeofwhatconsciousnesspreaches.Anyonewhohaseverbeendeeplyinloveknowsthat.

Letustakethesamethinginthecaseofapowerdrive.Youmaybemadlyjealousofafriendwhohasbeensuccessfulinhiscareerandarguewithyourself,sayingyoushouldnotbejealous,thatitisnotfair,butyourself-admonitionschangenothing;yourpowerdriveorambition,whichisthecauseofyourjealousy,isnotaffectedor

touchedbywhatyousay.Theredsulphurremainsuntouched,soweneedstrongermedicinetodealwiththisdrive.Insteadofarguingwiththedriveswhichcarryusaway,weprefertocookthemanddecidetofantasizeaboutthemandaskthemwhat

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theywant.Onehastobequiteobjective,withoutopinionsandwithoutcondemningthethingasunreasonable.Onemusttrytofindoutamicablywhatthedrivereallywants,thatis,whatitisdrivingat,forithasanobjective.

Thatcanbediscoveredbyactiveimagination,orthroughafantasy,orthroughexperimentinginreality,butalwayswiththeintrovertedattitudeofobservingobjectivelywhatthedrivereallywantsordesirestogetat.Thatwouldbecookingtheredsulphur.Generally,strongdrivesemanateafantasycontent,theycompriseabunchoffantasymaterial.Youcouldjustaswellsaythattocooksomethinguntilitssoulappearswouldmeantoletthefantasymaterialemanatefromthedrive,allowthatfantasymaterialconnectedwiththedrivetoemerge.

Thatwouldbethepsychologicalaspect,andwouldcorrespondtothewingedbird.Butwhenyouhavedonethataterribleconflictbegins.Ourtextsaysthatthewinglessbirdpreventsthewingedbirdfromflyingaway,whilethewingedbirdwantstoraisethewinglessbird,andsotheyremainattached,linkedtogetherinakindofinsolubleconflict,whichkeepsthewholethingarrested.Howwouldthatappearinreality?

Remark:Wouldn'titbeatendencytospiritualizeorconcretize?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,exactly,forifyoudevelopthefantasymaterial,thenthereisatendencytoconcludethatitisallapsychologicalprojecton.IfIaminlovewithsomeone,Icancallitananimusoranimaorfatherormotherprojection,andinthatwayspiritualizeor"psychify"it,withthenuanceof"only"psychological,andthemistakecomesinwiththeword''only."

Naturally,ontheconcretelevelIhavetoberesignedandnotstartanything;Imustbehaveconventionallyandproperly,andeverything

elseIhavetotakewithinmebecauseitistheprojectionofapsychologicalfactor,itisafantasy.Itisthefantasywhichbindsmetotheanalystortheotherperson,andifIintrojectthatfantasyIshallbefree.Butdoyouknowwhathappensifyoutrytodothat?Thedeviltheredsulphurinsiststhatallthesamethereissomethingrealaboutit,orthereshouldbe,forotherwiseitisonlypsychological,andarelationshipwhichis"only"psychologicalissomethingIdonotwant.Iwanttherealthing,whichmeansthecompletelymaterialthingcontact,forinstanceor,ifitisambition,realrecognition,acareer,andsoon.

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Theintrojectionofafantasyconcerningambitionwouldappearasfollows:Someoneinahumblesituationhasamegalomanicambitiousdrive,desiringtobetopdog.Ifonetriestofindoutwhatthatpersonisdrivingat,itwillgenerallybediscoveredthat,justasinthecaseofthesexdrive,theambitionissubmittedtothegoaloftheSelf.Suchamanmightsaythathewantedtohaveapositionofauthoritysoastorealizehisidealsandimprovetheworld;hisdesireisnotbasedonegoismandvanity.Hewantstorealizesomething,anditusuallytranspiresthatthereisaveryhighidealbehindtheambition.Butsometimeswiththeambitionthepersonwillhavethehiddenfeelingofbeingveryspecial;hesecretlyfeelsheoughttohaverecognitionandthishemixesupwithambition.

Thedesiretobesomethingspecialreallycomesaboutthroughthehunchorintuitionofindividuation;thereisthevagueideaofbeingauniqueindividual,andwithoutrealizationofthatuniquenessitisnotpossibletoindividuate.Thereforethataspectoftheambitiousfantasyisquiteright.Butifyousaytosomeoneinahumblepositionthatsuchanambitionisquitelegitimate,andisreallyaninnerthingthedrivetobesomethingandbecomesomethingspecial,torealizeoneselfasauniquesonordaughterofGod,derivingfromthevagueintuitionofone'sdivineinnernaturebutthatthatcannotbeexteriorizedintowantingtobemorethanotherpeople,suchapersonwillfeelquiterelieved.Apartoftheambitiousdrivewillquietdown,butthentheredsulphurwillinsistontheotherside.Itwillaskifonereallyhastobeatypistinanofficeallone'slife?Isitallonlyontheinnerlevel?Canoneneverhaveanythinginouterlife?Thusthephenomenoniscutintopolaropposites:"only"psychological,andconcrete.Thedevilistheonewhowantstheconcretething.Heisthegreatrealizerwhosaysthatsomethingwhichhasnoexistenceinconcreterealityisjustnotreal,andthenbeginstheconflictbetween

spiritualizationoftheproblemandtheconcretething.

Question:Whatwouldspiritualizationofaproblemmean?

Dr.vonFranz:Thewordusedwasspiritualization,butIthinkprobably"psychologize"waswhatwasmeant,thatis,reducingadrivetoanexclusivelypsychic,innerevent.Butitcomestothesamething.

Supposeamonkmasturbatesandinhisfantasyisalwayswithabeautifulwoman,butfeelsthatsuchbehaviourisoutofkeeping

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withthevowshehastakenandwithhisideasofmorality,andcomestoconsultyou.Hewillbetoldtolookintothefantasyhehasofthewomanatsuchtimes.Hewillbeprettysuretoproduceespeciallyasanintrovert,andusuallyonlyintrovertsbecomemonksthoughthereareexceptionsabeautifulanimafantasy,containingallthematerialoftheVirginMary,theSophiaofGod,andsuchfigures.ThenitcanbepointedoutthatthoughthefantasystartsonalowlevelChristafterallwasborninastableitisreallythefantasyofunionwiththedivinewisdomandshouldbeacceptedinthatway.

Thatmightsolvethewholeproblem,sothatheevennolongerfeelsdriventomasturbate;herealizesthattheinnerpsychologicalfactor,whichturnedupfirstinaratherdisgustingform,ishisanima,andhewillrelatetoher.Thatwouldbeaspiritualizationofthefactor,itwouldbeproducingthewingedbird.

ButasGoethesays,"UnsbleibteinErdenrest,zutragenpeinlich,"thatis,alittleearthinessalwaysremainsbehind,awkwardtobear.Evenafterthegreatestprocessofspiritualization,thereisalwayssomethingwhichresistsandwantstheearth,andsuchamonk,tenyearsafterbeing"cured,"maystillwonderwhether,inhisfantasy,therehadnotbeenthewishforarealwomantoo.Thatthoughtnagshimfromtimetotime,andifheisstillcaughtinthemedievalconcepthewillthinkitisthedevil,somethinghehasabsolutelytorefuse.

Question:Whyshouldn'tthatholdgoodfor20thcenturypeopletoo?

Dr.vonFranz:Ifyouwishitto,thatisforyoutodebate;youcanstillsayitisthedevilifyouwantto.

Question:Butdowenotallhavetolivewiththosedregswithinourselves?

Dr.vonFranz:No,certainlynot,thatisanindividualquestionhaving

todowitheachperson'sfateandopentoconsciousdecision.Itistheultimateconflict.Therearepeoplewhohavenopeaceandthinkitissimplydishonesttocutthethingoffandcallitthedevil;theyfeelthattobeanabsolutedishonesty,whileothersfeelitisaheroicdecision,therightonetheyintendtoholdtoalltheirlives.Onefindspeaceofmindinonewayandothersintheotherway,butitissomethingwhichnoanalystcanimposeuponthe

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39.Alchemistasking,worshippingthefieryredsulphur("thewinglessbird")."Sulphuristheactivepartofthepsyche,thepartwhichhasadefinite

goal....Itmaynotbesex...itcouldbeambitionandthepowerdrive,orsomethingelse....Thewinglessbird,theredsulphur,isanunderlyingfactor

oftheinnerpsychiclifeandisalwayswhatonehasfirsttounearth,foritistheprimamateria."vonFranz.

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analysand;ithasalwaystobeanindividualdecisiontobearrivedatbyeachpersonforhimself.Therearenorecipes.Foronesideitwouldbepurecowardicetocutthatoff,andfortheotheritwouldbeweaknessifhegaveintoit.Butthatisthegreatinsolubleconflict.

Remark:Itisalsoamatterofthewordsweuseindescribingourinnerfeelings.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,andamatterofthekindoffantasywehave,andthatistheindividualproblemwhichnoonecansolveforanother,butthereisageneraltypeofthesameproblemwhichcanbetalkedabout,andwhichthealchemisttriestoexemplifyinthisform.Thereistheredsulphurandtheexaltedsouland,asthealchemistsays,itistheinsolubleproblemfortheonebirdholdsdownandtheothertriestoriseup.

Inaway,thispicturesaysthattheproblemiseternal;itcirculatesinitself,anditstotalityofoppositesisthewholething.Theoneisthelowerworld,whichnaturallyisconnectedwiththeredsulphur,andtheotheristhehigherworld.Abovetherearethesunandthemoonandweshallpresentlyinterprettheloveletterofthesuntothemoon,whichappearsinthepsychicorspiritualrealmandnotinconcretereality.Thereforeitcanbesaidthattheupperpartagainfallsintotwoopposites,namelythesunandmoon,forbothcharacterizetheupperpart,whiletheearthandthemoonformanotherpairofoppositesinthelowerpart.Themoonisagaindividedintotheheavenlymoonandtheterrestrialmoon,expressedinSenior'swords.Thetextisambivalent,inoneplaceitspeaksofthemoonandinanotheroftheearthandthebasisofthetwobirds.

Sothereisoppositionbetweenthelowerandtheupperworlds,andwithintheupperworldthereisoppositionbetweensunandmoonandthentherearethetwoaspectsofthemoon.Itisrathercomplicated,

butunfortunatelypsychologicalprocessesarelikethat.Ifyouhavereachedthestagewhereitispossibletoextractthesoulofoneofyourstrongestdrivesandaretornbetweentheoppositesofthespiritualandtheconcrete,orthe"only"psychological,thenyouproceedfurtherintheupperpartbybringingtheconflictintothefantasymaterialanddoingactiveimaginationaboutyourdrive.Inwritingdownthefantasyoneistalkingtotheinnerfigure.

Remark:Someofusdonotunderstandactiveimagination.

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Dr.vonFranz:UnfortunatelyJungianpsychologyissointerwoventhateveryanalyticalexperienceislinkedwitheveryotherone.Expressedinafewwords,activeimaginationconsistsinmakingafantasyaboutsuchadrivewhenconfrontedwithit.Icannotnowgointothequestionofhowtofantasize,buttherearecertainimportanttechnicalitieswhichhavetobeobserved.Supposeyouareinlovewithabeautifulwomanandcannothaveherandsofantasizeordreamabouther.Youcanthencontinueyourdreambymeetingandtalkingtoherinyourimagination.

Bythisprocedurethemeaningofagreatdealbecomescleartoyou.Youunderstandwhyyoufellinlovewiththatunknownwomanandthatmuchofitbelongstoyou;itispartofyourpatternandismeaningfultoyou,andthenperhapsyouwillputthefantasyasidebecausenowyouunderstand.ButusuallytheproblemImentionedbeforecomesup,andonewonderswhetheroneshouldnotperhapsalsoringuptherealwoman.Afterall,sheoriginatedallthefantasy!Youcansaythatisjustcuriosity,butpeoplearecuriouswhywasitthatparticularwoman?

Thatistheredsulphurtalking.Butnowyouhaveachoiceoftwothings,eithertotelephonethewomanandfallintotheworldbelow,orringherupinactiveimaginationandtellhersheisyouranima,thatyouhavesettledthat,youknowsheiswithinyou,butsomethingstillnagsyouandyouwouldliketomeetherinaconcreteform.Whathasshetosayaboutthat?Andthenyoulettheimaginedanimadealwiththeconcreteproblem.

Thatwouldbecontinuingthesplitonthespiritualside,bringinguptheconcreteproblemalso,forbringingtheconflictintoyouractiveimaginationmeansafurtherspiritualizationofit.Ortheredsulphurwins,andyougotothetelephoneinactuallifeandringthewoman

up,andthenyoufallintotheworldbelow,intothemundusinferior,thecorruptibleearth,whichisreality,concretereality,andthewholedramanaturallybeginsthere.

Remark:Whatyouareaskingyourimaginationtodois....

Dr.vonFranz:Youasknothing!Therearealwaystwopossibilities.

Question:Youmustinyourimaginationfindoutwhatthispersonwillsaytoyou?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,ifyougotheupperway,thenyoubringyourconcreteconflictintotheupperbyaskingtheinnerwomanwhat

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youshoulddoaboutyourdesireforsomethingmoreconcrete,andthenyouhavetolistentowhatshehastosayaboutyourconflict,andthatisaverydifficultthingtodo.Manypeoplecannotdoitbecausetheycannotlistentowhattheinnerfiguresays;theyjustimaginesomethingthemselves,insteadofreallylistening.Itneedsquitealotofpractice.Butyoucantransposetheconflictinsuchawayandcontinuetodiscussitontheotherlevel,andthatwouldbedealingwithitfromwithin.Thenthefantasybecomesaconflict,andyoubattlewiththeinnerfigureonapsychologicallevelinanattempttoclarifyit.

Takethemasturbatingmonkandpleaseexcusethecrudenessoftheexample,butthelowerworldhastobebroughtintoo.SupposehecomestomeandsaysitisquiteallrightasregardsSophiaandtheinneranima,butfromtimetotimethedevilgetsathimandsaysthatallthesameheismissingsomethingonthereallevel,andwhatcanbedoneaboutthat?IwouldreplythatheshouldasktheinnerSophia!

Remark:Innerknowledge.

Dr.vonFranz:No,Sophiaismuchmorethanthat.SophiaistheknowledgeofGod.Youcouldjustaswellsay:"AskGod."Icannotsettletheanalysand'sproblem,hemustspeaktotheimageoftheGodheadwithinhim,saythatsomethingstillworrieshimandaskwhatheshoulddoaboutit.Andthenhemustlisten,afterwhichalotofthingscanhappen;oneofthemostfrequentisthatherealizesGodhastwohands,andthatHeHimselforiginatedtheconflict.

Itisanimaginedcase,butlet'ssaythemonkhasrealizedtheinnerSophia,andknowsthatsheisthewisdomofGodinaformhefindswithinhisownsoul.Latertheredsulphurpusheshimintosayingthatthatisnotit,orisnotthewholeofit,thatheshouldstillalsohavetherealexperience.TowhichIcanonlysaythatheshouldaskhisinner

figure,asktheSophiawithinhim.Idonotsaythatitisalwaysso,buttheinnerfigureoftenanswersinparadoxes.Itsaysthatinawayrealityshouldactuallycomein,thathedoesmisssomething,andatthesametimeitsaysitisallpsychological.Somethinglikethatissaidandthepoormanwillsaythathehasreachedtheendofhistether,forthisisnotaclearanswer,itisparadoxical.

Ifhecanunderstandit,hewillrealizethatthisisthedoubleplayoftheOne,thattheconflictisnecessaryandwantedandshouldnot

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besolvedrationally.TheonlywaytheSelfcanmanifestisthroughconflict:tomeetone'sinsolubleandeternalconflictistomeetGod,whichwouldbetheendoftheegowithallitsblather.Thatisthemomentofsurrender,itisthemomentwhereJobsayshewillputhishandonhismouthandnotargueaboutGod.Itisconsciousnessthatcreatesthesplitandsayseither-or.

IhaveoftenseeninsuchcasesthatSophiaorsomeotherdivinefigure,ortheoldwisemananswers,ifyoulookatitnegatively,inanevasiveform,andifyoulookatitpositively,inaparadox.Thentheparadoxofthepsychologicalfactor,orthepsychicreality,hitsthequalityofconsciousness,whichalwayswantstomakeaneither-orandthentalkaboutit,andwhentheSelfappearsthatistheendoftalking.Thentheconflictisnolongerinthehead.

ItisthemomentwheretheconflicttranscendsverbaldiscussionandbecomesanintuitiveexperienceofOnenessbehindthetwo.Oneisbetweentherightandthelefthand;somethingissecretlyoneyetitwantstobetorn,tosuffer,tillsomethinghappenswhichisverydifficulttograspandthenaswitchtakesplaceontoanotherlevel.Ifyouletyourselfbetornintheconflict,thensuddenlyyouchange,youchangefromthedeepestrootofyourbeingandthewholethinghasanotheraspect.Itisasthoughyoutorturedananimalsomuchthatitjumpedontoahigherlevelofrealization,andthatcancomeaboutinverydifferentforms.Youcansaythatitisanaspectofthesymbolofthecross,thatonehastobecrucifiedutterlyandsay,asChristdidonthecross:"MyGod,myGod,whyhastthouforsakenme?"Andthensomethinghappenswhichoutstripstheconflict.

Remark:Ifthemonkisgoingtokeephisvowshehastostopmasturbating.

Dr.vonFranz:Hehasstoppedlongago,accordingtomyhypothesis.

Hehasstoppedsincehehadhisfantasy,butthedevilismuchmorecleverandsays,allright,nowheiscuredandeverythingisallrightandsoon,butyet,shouldhenotleavethemonasteryandhavea"real"experience?Hashenotnowdevelopedenoughsoastobeabletodoeventhat?Forinstance,intheMiddleAgesitwassaid:"Ubispiritus,ibilibertas."ThatisfromSt.Paulwhosaid:"WheretheSpiritoftheLordis,thereisfreedom."(2Cor.3:17)Sothedevilmightsaythatsincehehasnowsolvedhisconflict,ishenotfreetolive?

Remark:Well,Ithinkheis.

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Dr.vonFranz:Thatisyouropinion,butitisnotrelevanttohissituation.HehastowaituntilGodtellshimwhattodo,itisnotuptoyoutotellhimwhatisright.You,withyourextravert'sspontaneity,wouldsay:"Yes,allright,Ithinkyoushouldgoahead,"butIwouldnot,IwouldsayheshouldaskGod.

Question:Supposethemonkhasveryweakintuition,andhastogethisanswerfromsomeotherplace.Wherewoulditcomefrom?

Dr.vonFranz:Itdependsonhowyoumeanthat.Ifyoumeanthatishowitgenerallyhappens,thenyouareright,butifyoumeanitoughttobethat,thenyouarewrong.

Remark:Yousaidbeforethattheanswerwouldcomeintuitively,butnoteverybodycangetitintuitively.

Dr.vonFranz:Nowyoubringintheproblemoftypesandthatissomethingelse.Speakinggenerally,theintrovertneedsaconcreteexperience,anouterexperience,inordertofeelheiscompleteandthatthingsaretotal,buttheextravertdoesnot.Whichmeansthatifthemonkisanintroverthemusthavesomeexperienceingeneral.

Question:Sexualexperience?DoyoumeanbythatwhatFreudmeantbysex?

Dr.vonFranz:Imeanitquitesimplyandconcretelycontactwithanearthly,human,femalebeing.

Question:Youmeansexualintercourse?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,quiteconcretely,butIsaythatingeneralthathappensandnotthatitoughtto.Itdoesnothappenineachcase,youcanonlysayitisastatisticalaveragetendency.ButwhatisimportantforhimishisconnectionwithGod,notthewoman,soifGodsendshimthatexperiencehehastotakeit,andifGoddoesnotsenditto

him,hedoesn't.

Remark:MypointisIspeakasatheologianthatGod'snaturallawsarerelatedtohimandhisrelationshipwithawomanintermsofsexaswell,andIcansaydogmaticallythatatheologianorpriestoftheChurch,ifhegoesoutasaChristianpriestandhasarelationshipwithawomanoutsideofhisvows,thatisgoingtobewrong.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,becauseyoudoknowwhatGodwantsineachcase,butwedonot.WealwaystrytoaskHimfirstfromwithin.

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Remark:Well,IknowHehasnaturallawsinvolvinghumanbeings.

Dr.vonFranz:ToustheexperienceofGodisgreaterandmoreunknownandthereforeweconsultHimagaineachtime.WehavenottheideathatHehasutteredHislastword.Thatisthegreatcontrastbetweenpsychologyandtheology.WethinkofGodasarealitywhocanspeakinourpsyche.OneneverknowswhatGodmayaskofanindividual.Thatiswhyeveryanalysisisanadventure,becauseoneneverknowswhatGodisgoingtoaskofthisparticularperson.

Question:Aretherelimitstothat?

Dr.vonFranz:No,therearenolimits,onecannotsetlimitsforGod.Wehaveamuchhumblerattitudethantheologians.WesimplysayweshouldwaitandseewhatGodhastosayaboutthesituationineachcase.WemakenoassumptionsastowhatHeisgoingtodo,soeachhumanlifebecomesauniquespiritualandreligiousadventure,andauniquemeetingwithGod.GodcansetHisownlimitations.

Remark:ButthepointisthatHehasnotyetdoneit.

Dr.vonFranz:Hehasn'tinyourlife,perhaps,butwaituntilGodgivesyouanorder!YouarequiterighttospeakasyoudountilGodmakesyouthinkdifferently,andyouhavetherighttosaythatHehasnotinterferedwithyourtheories.Sothatisallrightforyou,butnotforothers.ThereareotherpeoplewithwhoseconscioustheoriesGodhasinterfered,andverystrongly,andthentheyhavetoreadapttoanewreality.

Remark:ThecourseIamsuggestingisonthelevelofexperience,avalidexperience.

Dr.vonFranz:Ifitisavalidexperiencethatis,ifitisgenuineforapersonthenthereisnothingfurthertodiscuss.Heisinaccordance

andatpeaceinacertainmodeofbehaviourwhichtohimiscodifiedbyGodsothatheisatpeacewithGod,whichisthehighestaiminhumanlife.Therethereisnotrouble.

Remark:ThinkoftheprophetHosea.Godtoldhimtomarryaprostitute.

Dr.vonFranz:Twothousandyearslater,afterhehasbeencanonizedasaprophetandsinceitisintheHolyScriptures,we

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cannotdoubtthatitwasGodandthereitisquiteallright.ThatisGod'sparadoxicalbehaviour.Butifthathappenednowadaystoyou,andyouwenttoacolleagueandsaidGodhadorderedyoutomarryaprostitute,whatwouldthecolleaguesay?ThecolleaguewouldprobablyaskifyouaresureitwasGod,forhethinksGodcouldnotgivesuchacommandandthereforeitcouldnotbeGod.HowwouldyouproveitwasGod?

Remark:Iwouldwanttobesurehismotivewasgenuineandknowwhothewomanwas,andsoon.

Dr.vonFranz:Isaidyou,butnevermind.ThenwithyourreasonableegojudgementyouwoulddecideifitwereGodornot?

Answer:Itwouldnotbemyjudgement,butHis.AllIcoulddowouldbetohelpthemanthinkthroughtheareaofdecision.

Dr.vonFranz:Thenyoubringthewholethingontothelevelofconsciousreasoning.

Remark:Notconsciousreasoningonly,butfeelingandintuitionandeverythinginvolved.

Dr.vonFranz:Thatisthehuman,rational,consciousway.TherealmysteryofGodisrightoutofit.

Remark:Idon'tmeantomakeGod'sdecisionforHim,GodhastodecideHimself.

Dr.vonFranz:ButthenyouseduceHimintomakingupHisownmindinsteadofyourrelatingtoGod.

Remark:IthinkGodrelatesthroughmetosomeextentandthroughanybodyelse.

Dr.vonFranz:Thatisaninflation.Whyshouldthemannotrelateto

Goddirectly?

Remark:Becausehecan'tdoit;humanlyIcan'tdoiteither.Ican'tcarryonaconversationwithGodwithinmyself,thatishumanlyimpossible.

Dr.vonFranz:Isit?

Remark:Yes,Ihavetohavesomehumancontact,throughwhichtorelatetoGod.

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40.AlchemistconferringwithGod.''Thatisthegreatcontrastbetweenpsychologyandtheology.WethinkofGodasa

realitywhocanspeakinourpsyche.OneneverknowswhatGodmayaskofanindividual.Thatiswhyeveryanalysis

isanadventure,becauseoneneverknowswhatGodisgoingtoaskofthisparticularperson."vonFranz.

Dr.vonFranz:Therearepeoplewhocannotrisklonelinesswiththeexperience.Theyalwayshavetobeinaflockandhavehumancontact,asyoucallit.

Remark:IwouldnotdenytheefficacyofprayerwhenIandGodworktogether,butthatinvolvesnotjustmyselfandGodbutalsopeoplewithwhomIlive,myfamilyandwhathaveyou,inrelationtoGod,theHolySpirit.

Dr.vonFranz:ThereyoumentionthemainthingbuttheHolySpiritblowethwhereitlisteth,whereitwill.You,thetheologian,identifywithaconsciouspositionandtakethatasabsolute.Fromthatstandpointyoucantalkabouteverything,butyoudon'tnoticeyour

unconsciousidentification.Ifyouquestionyourconscious

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standpointlongenough,IamsuretheHolyGhostwillonedaywhispersomethingtoyouaboutit.

Forus,thereisalwaysonlytheindividualandhisorherexperienceofGodandalltherestissecondary.IntherapyitisnotwewhoconnecttheindividualwithGod,eventhatwouldbeamegalomanicpresumptionofthepsychotherapistthoughmanydopresumetodoso,andbythattheyhavealreadybecomehiddentheologiansagain.Ifyouarewithananalysandtheonlywayyoumayperhapshelpisbyalwayssaying:"Idon'tknow,butletusaskGod."Bythatyoupreventtheanalysandfromdrawingrashconsciousconclusionsorseducingyouintomakingthem,andthereforeeveryreligiousexperiencebecomesauniqueevent.Godineveryexperienceisexperiencedinaspecificanduniqueformandthatincludeseventheredsulphur,whichmeansthatifyouputthequestionoftheredsulphurbeforeGod,GodwillgiveHisuniqueanswerineachcase.

Remark:IthinkGodhasalreadygivenHisuniqueanswerineachcase.

Dr.vonFranz:Thatiswherewediffer.YouthinkGodhaspublishedgeneralruleswhichHekeepsHimself,andwethinkHeisalivingspiritappearinginman'spsychewhocanalwayscreatesomethingnew.

Remark:WithintheframeworkofwhatHehasalreadypublished.

Dr.vonFranz:ToatheologianGodisboundtoHisownbooksandisincapableoffurtherpublications.Thatiswherewelockhorns.

Butletusreturntoourtext.Ifyouraisetheconflicttotherealmofpsychologicalinnerdetachment,thentheproblemoftheoppositesbecomesclear:theOnenessbecomesvisibleinthepsychologicalrealmandyourealizeyourconflictisbetweentwoaspectsofthe

psyche.Butoneunsatisfactoryfactorremains,foryouhavecutthemoonintotwo.Thefeminineelementremainsdivided;asplitremainsbetweenwhatwewouldcalltheunconscious,ortheanima,andwhatcouldbecalledtheconcreteworld.Thatisstillanopenquestion,whichwouldmeanthatinanalysisyourealizetheconflictbutstillcannotquitelinkitupwithouterconcretelife.Assoonasitcomestoproblemsintheouter,concretelife,thereisstilluncertainty.

Seniorgivesnoadviceastohowtoproceedfromthere,buthe

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switchestotheotherpossibility.Youmustneverforgetthedivisionintotwo,thetwoaspectsofthesameproblem.Heexposesitastwobecauseitcanonlybedescribedbyattackingitfrombothsides,andnowhetriestoattackitfromtheotherside.Inonepicturethesunwithitstworaysattacksthelowerworld,asdoesthesunwithoneray,withoutjustice.Thelowerworldisasecretduality:itisablacksphereoutsidewithawhiteshiningmooninside.

Thesuningeneralrepresentsamaleprincipleofcollectiveconsciousness,theunknownpsychologicalfactorwhichcreatescollectiveconsciousness.Weseethatwhereverhumanbeingsflocktogetheraphenomenonofcollectiveconsciousnessiscreated.Forinstance,thewordsofalanguagehaveanaveragesimilarmeaningtoeachindividual,andthroughthismediumoflanguagemuchknowledgeisimpartedandexchanged,andsoastoreofcollectiveconsciousnessisformed.

Itisverydifficulttosaywhatisanindividual'sownconsciousnessandhowmuchinitiscollective.Inearliestchildhoodoneseessparksofindividualconsciousreactions,forinstanceinthemarvelloussayingsofchildrenandwhentheyaskthosewonderfulquestions.Therethechildmakesanefforttowardsindividualconsciousness.Therearealsothecharmingtactlessquestions:"Grandmother,whenareyougoingtodie?"andsoon,forthenthechildspeaksquitenaivelyandindividually.Butwhenitgoestoschoolitisconfrontedwithconventionalconsciousness;schoolshavetobelikethatandifyouspeakofthelion,orthebear,andtellthechildrentowritealittleessayonthoseanimalstherewillbeamaximumofthreeinaclasswhowillsayanythingindividual.

AsateacherIoftenfoughtwiththechildren,beggingthemtowritewhattheythoughtandnotwhatIhadtoldthem,andthereIsawthat

childrenhavetremendousdifficultybecauseitisthefunctionoftheschool,andthetendencyofthedevelopmentofthoseyears,togrowintocollectiveconsciousness.Theassimilationofcollectiveconsciousnessisinfactthefunctionoftheschool,andthereforetheoriginalityofindividualconsciousnessgenerallyfadesandattwentypeopleareasackofcollectiveknowledge.Ifyouasktheiropinionaboutanything,theyjustrepeatwhattheirparentsortheirfriendssay,orwhattheyhavereadinthepaper,andyouhavethegreatestdifficultybringingthembacktooneuniqueconsciouspersonalreaction.

Sowecansaythatthesunisthatlightwithinwhichweallswim,

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itisthelightofallourdays.Wethinkweareconsciousbutthatisnottrue;weareconsciousintherealmofthecollectiveandwedonotevenknowhowlittleourindividualconsciousnessis.Itneedsquiteasearchtofindevenfragmentsofconsciousnessthatarepersonal.Ifyouanalyseanindividualthesunisalwaysshining;thatiscollectiveconsciousnessinwhichindividualconsciousnessisenclosed,andtheconflictistheneitheragainsttheunconsciousoragainstreality.Peoplewhentheyhaveaconflicteitherarefightingwithouterrealityoutsidethingsarewrongandtheywantthemcorrectedortheyareintroublewiththeirunconscious.Somethingfromwithin,orsomethingfromwithout,isinopposition.Itisquiterightlysaidthattheenemywithwhichconsciousnessisconfrontedissecretlydouble,forpeoplecomesayingtheyhaveanouterconflictbutyoudiscoveritisaninnerone,orviceversa.

Iftherearetwosunsthentherearetwoprinciplesofcollectiveconsciousness.InasocietythatwouldmeantwoformsofrelationshiptoGod,forinstanceCatholicismandProtestantism;theonelivesinthelightoftheonesunandtheotherinthelightoftheothersun.Toonegroupcertaintruthsarecompletelyself-evident;theyareneverdiscussed,becausetothisgrouptheyseemasclearasthesun,andtotheothergroupthesameappliestotheirowntruths.Thenalreadythereisadifferentiationasplit,orsomethinginopposition,withintherealmofcollectiveconsciousness.Thatwouldreferingeneraltoacollectiveconsciousconflictofsomekind:two"isms"ortwocollectiveattitudesclash,butbotharecollective,fortheconflictiscommontomanyinthesameform.

InSenior'stexttheconflictingattitudesarecharacterizedasonesunwhichdirectstworaystowardstheoppositethedarkthingandonesunwhichdirectsoneray,anditissaidthattheonerayisthesunwithoutjustice.Whatprincipleofcollectiveconsciousnessiswithout

justicetowardstheworldbelowwhiletheothersunhasjustice?Whatwouldthatmean?

Clearlytherearetwopossibilitiesofconsciousness,namelyarigidoneandonewhichhasaparadoxicalattitudeandthereforedoesjusticetotheparadoxicalfactoroftheunconscious.Thelatterwouldbewhatyoucouldcallaconsciouslyopensystem,anopenWeltanschauungwhichisalwaysreadytoacceptitsopposite,ormeettheoppositeandacceptitscontradictions.Ifyouhaveaconsciousattitudewhichisreadytoaccepttheopposite,toaccept

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41.Theconiunctioasafantasticmonstrosity,

comparablepsychologicallytotheunconsciousunionofmasculineandfeminine,i.e.,an

undifferentiatedpersonality.

theconflictandthecontradiction,thenyoucanconnectwiththeunconscious.Thatiswhatwetrytoachieve.Wetrytobringaboutaconsciousattitudewithwhichthepersoncankeepthedoortotheunconsciousopen,whichmeansthatonemustneverbetoosureofoneself,neverbesurethatwhatonesaysistheonlypossibility,neverbetoosureaboutadecision.

Oneshouldalwayshaveaneyeandanearopentowardstheopposite,theotherthing.Thatdoesnotmeantobespineless,itdoesn'tmeanjusttositthere.Itmeanstoactaccordingtoone'sconsciousconviction,butstillalwayshavingthehumilitytokeepthedooropenandbeprovedwrong.Thatwouldbeanattitudeofconsciousnessinlivingconnectionwiththeother,darkside.Theunjustsunisthatattitudeofconsciousnesswhichknowsexactlywhatiswhat,arigid

attitudethatblockscontactwiththeunconscious,whilethetwo-rayedsunhasamouldingandformative

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effectupontheunconscious;thelatterwouldbewithjusticeandtheformerwithout.Ithinkthatishighlymeaningful.

IfwethinkofthismanSeniorwholivedhislifebetweentheShiitesandtheSunnites,Iimagine,thoughitispureguesswork,thatinhismaterialthetwosunswouldstandforthat.Inanycase,consciousnessalwaystendstobeone-sidedandsureofitself,andthatdoesharmtothemysteryoflife.Butconsciousnesscanhavethedoubleattitudeandthenitenlightensthemysteryoflifeanddoesnotharmit.Thehumbleattitudewhichalwayskeepsthedooropenisthenecessaryacceptanceofthefactthatonemaybewrong,morallyorscientifically,orthatonemayknowtosomeextentbutnotforcertain,andthateventhegreatestcertaintymaybeonlynegative,orsomethingplausibleinaccordancewithwhichIact.

Aconsciousattitudeconnectedwiththereligiousattitudeiswhatisrequiredalwaystogivehumbleandcarefulconsiderationtotheunknownfactor,thatis,tosay,"Ithinkthisistherightthingtodo,"andthenwatchforasignwarningthatoneisnotallowingforeverything.Consciousnessisessentialtotheunconsciousforwithoutittheunconsciouscannotlive.Butconsciousnessisonlyagoodchannelofcommunicationthroughwhichtheunconsciouscanflowifithasadouble,paradoxicalattitude.Thentheunconsciouscanmanifest,andthehardeningoftheconsciousattitudeagainsttheunconscious,whichmeansasplitinthepersonalityandincivilizationcanbeavoided.

Herethereisasecretdualityintheobject.Ataroughguess,wecansaythatthisdarkworldunderneathistheunconsciousbecauseitistheunknown;itisthatwhichIcannotpenetratewithmymindandsayIknowwhatitis.The"unconscious"isaconceptwhichsimplyreferstothatwhichisnotcleartoconsciousness.Thatincludesawhole

conglomerationofthings.Therearetwoaspects,twoultimateunknowns,withwhichanalchemistwouldspeciallydealandofwhichIspokeintheintroduction.Wearestillfacedwithtwounsolvedmysterieswhichinastrangewayareinterdependentthoughwedonotyetknowhow.Theyarepsycheandmatter.Thescienceofphysics,inthefinalresort,postulatesmatterassomethingunconscious,namelysomethingofwhichwecannotbecomeconscious.Bydefinitiontheunconsciousisthesamething:itissomethingpsychologicalofwhichwecannotbecomeconscious,andweneverknowhowourdescriptionsoftheunconsciousarecombinedwithmatter,whichcreatesthewholeconflictbetweentheinnerandtheouter.

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Inthefinalanalysisitisconsciousnessthatmakestheconflictbetweentheinnerandtheouterbyprojectingtheoneasmateriallyrealandtheotheraspsychologicallyreal,becausewedonotreallyknowthedifferencebetweenmaterialrealityandthepsyche.Actually,ifwelookatithonestly,weareconfrontedwithsomethingunknownwhichappearssometimesasmatterandsometimesaspsyche,andhowthetwoarelinkedwedonotknowasyet.Thealchemistsdidnotknowandwedonotknoweither.Itisalifemysterywhichseemstomanifestbothpsychologicallyandmaterially.Ifwedescribeitfromtheoutsidewithanextravertedstatisticalapproachitappearsasmatter,andifweapproachitfromwithinitappearsaswhatweliketocalltheunconscious.

Question:Istherenotalsoadualitybetweenobjectandsubject?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,thatisquitecorrect.Outsideisthenigredo,andthatwouldbethedestructiveaspectoftheunconsciousasweexperienceitveryoften,atleastatthebeginningwhenwefirstmeetit.Allone'sdreamsarecriticalatfirst;theunconsciousisfullofdrivesanddissociatingfactors,destructivefactors,andthenifwepenetratedeeperweseesomethingverylightandmeaningful.Enlightenmentcancomefromthatdarkplace;thatis,ifwedirecttherayofconsciousnessuponit,ifwewarmitupbyourconsciousattention,thensomethingwhitecomesoutandthatwouldbethemoon,theenlightenmentwhichcomesfromtheunconscious.

Sometimesonehasanawkwarddreamwhichdisgustsoneonwaking;itiseitherindecentorobscene,dreadfullysillyorstupidanditisirritating.Onewantedawonderfularchetypaldreamandthenthiscomes!ButthenIsay,nowwaitaminute,letusinvestigatethat,andfindoutwhatitmeansandgenerallyitisjustsuchdreamsthatarethemostenlighteningifonecangettothemeaning.Themeaningwasnot

knownbutithadadynamiccontentbywhichyouaremuchenriched.Itisjustthosedreamswhicharesovaluable;theyhaveanunapproachable,disgustingshellofdepressingblacknessbutwithinthatisthelightoftheunconscious.Itisofteninthedepressingmotifsofthedreamthatthelightistobefound,andnaturallyitisalsotobefoundintheshadowyimpulseswhicharefullofmeaningifonecanlovinglyinvestigatethemwithanattitudethatacceptstheparadox.

Seniorinthatstageseemstohaveaconsciousconflictbetweentwoattitudestowardstheunconscious;itwouldbealifeconflictbutwouldseemtobeallrightasfarasconsciousviewswereconcerned.

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42.Jonahemergingfromthebellyofthewhale,andalchemistsfittingthelapisangularis(cornerstone,asymbolforChrist),indicatingthatthegoalofthe"nightseajourney"psychologicallyastateofconflictanddepressioninwhichoneisforcedtopayattentionto

theunconsciousisequivalenttothephilosopher'sstone.

Lifeitselfwouldpresenttheconflict,ontheonehandinthesphereofthemoon,andontheotherinthesphereofthesun;theoneisaconsciousandtheotheranunconsciousconflict.Usuallytheyareinterwoven,havingsomethingincommonandbeingonlytwoaspectsofthesamething,namelythefundamentalparadoxicaldualityofallpsychologicalphenomena.

Whatisnotsaidinthepicturebutiscontainedinthetext,ifyoureadthebook,isthatthewholethingtogetherdescribesthephilosopher'sstone,thealchemicalwork.Itissaidthattheoneisthefirststageofthealchemicalwork,andwiththesecondaddedtoitthephilosopher'sstoneismade,forthelifeconflicthasbecomeconscious.Thatisthelaterstageoftheopus.Whenwehavealreadyrelatedtotheunconscious,thencomestheincreasinglysubtleproblemofhowtokeeptherelationshiprightinsteadofdroppingbackintoone-

sidedness.EvenpeoplewhohavehadalongJungiananalysistendtocodifytheirprocessofindividuation.Eventhoughtheyhavehadtremendousexperiencesandlife-givingreactions,stilliftheyremainwiththatandcodifywhattheyhaveexperiencedfor

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instance,saytheyjustpreachtheirownexperiencestoothersthentheydonotdevelop.Thatisbecauseeveryconsciousphenomenonwearsout.

Forthatreasontheconflictiseternalandmustbesustained;theone-sidednessofconsciousnessmustbecontinuallyconfrontedwiththeparadox.Thismeansthatwheneveratruthhasbeenexperiencedassuchandhasbeenkeptforawhilealiveinone'sownpsyche,onehastomakearightaboutturn,forthattruthisnolongervalid.AsJungsays,everypsychologicaltruthisonlyahalftruthandthatalsoisonlyahalftruth!Theanalysthimselfhasalwaystokeepupwithhisownunconscious,tobeconsciouslyreadytothrowovereverythinghithertoattained,whichwouldcorrespondtoaconstantdoubleattitude.

Thereforeperhapsthesunwiththetworaysismorerightlyadaptedtoinfluenceandmoreabletoassimilatetheunconsciousbyvirtueofanopenattitude,justasthoughtherewereasecondconsciousnessbehindconsciousnessasifonehadintheforegroundofone'smindtheordinaryoperatingconsciousness,whileatthebacksomethingrealizesthatthatisonlyapartoflife.Thusthereisamoveable"consciousnessbehindconsciousness"whichjustobservesandknowsthat,forthetimebeing,thethingisso.Jungdescribesthat,onanemotionallevel,asbeingrightinthestormoftheconflictandatthesametimeoutofitandwatchingitinserenity.

Nowwewillturntothesun'slovelettertothecrescentmoon,thewaxingmoon.Thesunsays:"Ingreatandultimateweakness,Iwillgiveyoufrommybeautythelightthroughwhichonereachesperfection."

Purelyastronomically,thesunhaslightwhilethemoononlyborrowsfromthesun;thatis,thesungiveslighttothemoon,thereisaquite

naturalbasisforthis.Thesuninitsradiant,emanatingformintendstoimpartsomeofitslighttothemoonsothatthemoonmayreachperfection.

Wehavetorealizewhatthesunandmoonmeanttopeopleatthattime.ThesuningeneralisanimageoftheGodhead;itisevenlatersaidinthetextthatthesunisthespiritualdivinity,andthisisinbeautyemanatinggoodness,perhapswithoutshadow.Itisbeautifulanditimpartsitslighttotheimperfectmoon.Nowthemoonisfeminine,itisareceptacleforthedead,itisresponsibleforallwaxingandwaningphenomenaonearth:thegrowingofplants

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andtheirwithering,themenstruationofwomen,theebbandflowoftides,thebecominganddyingagain,anditthereforerulesthecorruptibleworld.

Expressedbriefly,thatwouldbewhatsuchpeoplewouldthinkaboutthemoon,soitisthephenomenonofearthlylifeinitsparadoxicaltides,initsirrationalitywhichstillseemstohaveasecretmeaning.Foramanthemoonwouldrepresentanaspectofthefemininepersonificationofhisunconscious,whileforthewomanitwouldpersonifyhervegetativelifebasis,herinstinctivelife.

Thesunthensaysthatthroughitonereachestoanyheight,oneisraisedtoanyheight;thatis,thesunisthatwhichliftsup.Inantiquityandsuchtimespeoplewerepuzzledatthefactthatthesunraisedthewaterbywarmingit,sothatcloudswereformed,andthatwhenthesundisappearedtherainwouldcome,sothesunwasoftenspokenofastheprincipleofspiritualelevation.Itisthereforethatwhichmakesthingsperfect;itexaltsthemtotheheightsandmakesthemvisible.

Thenthemoonsaystothesun:"Youneedmejustasthecockneedsthehen,andIconstantlyneedyoureffectonme,becauseyourethicsareperfect,you,thefatherofallplanets,youarethehighlight,thegreatLord."Thesunhastosomeextentindicateditssuperiorqualitybysaying,inaverydignifiedway,thatitisgoingtogivethemoonlightfromitsbeauty.Sothemoonisinclinedtopointoutthatthesunneedsherjustasmuchasthecockneedsthehen,thatitisnothingwithouther,thatthoughsheistherecipient,theimperfectthingwhichreceivesfromthelight,yetthesunneedshertoo,becausewhatwouldbetheuseofasunwhichcouldnotsheditslightonsomethingelse?Itslightwoulddisappearintospaceforitneedsamaterialobjectwhereitcanbecomevisible,throughreflection.

Thereforethemooninallfemininehumilityandsubmissionpoints

outherabsolutelyequalrighttoexistence:thesunneedstheemptyvesselintowhichitslightcanbepoured,itneedsdarknessonwhichthelightcanshine,itneedsmatterinwhichthespiritcanbecomevisible.Themoonusesaveryvulgarandordinarysimileasthecockneedsthehenwhichisanallusiontothefactthatthereisalsoapurelyinstinctiveandevenasexualattractionbetweenthetwoprinciples.Themoonsayssheneedsthesun'seffectuponherwithoutcessation,becausethesunisperfect,the

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43.Concreteimageforthepsychologicalunionofopposites:''OMoon,foldedinmyembrace/BeyouasstrongasI,asfairofface./OSun,brightestofalllightsknowntomen/Andyetyouneedme,asthecockthehen."(Seealso

page251.)

fatherofalllight.Perfectusmoribus,theLatinwordsmeanparticularlyethicalperfection,whichissomethingthemoondoesn'thave.

Inthemythologyofthemoon,themooniswicked,foritisunreliable.Thealchemistsfrequentlyquotedapsalmwhichsaysthatinthedarknessofthenewmoonthewickedshootwiththeirarrowsatethicaljustpeople,whichmeansthatthenewmoonprotectsthievesandthewickedwhentheyattacktherighteous.Thusthemoonhasallthewickedpoisonandunreliabilitytypicaloftheanimainheroriginalconditionandalsoforfemininebeingsingeneral,notonlythe

feminineinman,forinthefemininethereis

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thatcatty,unreliablecunning,andratherdoubtfulethicsonecouldcallittheambiguityofnature.Themoonsaysthatsheisthewaxing,moist,andcoldmoonandthesuniswarmanddry,andwhentheyarecoupledinabalancedstate,thensheislikeawomanopentoherhusband.

Herethereistheconflictbetweentheprincipleofconsciousnessandnaturetheunconscious,theunknown.Theconflictbetweenthemasculineandfeminineisamplifiedintoaquaternitybecausebothcontaintwoqualities:themooncontainsthequalitiesofmoistnessandcoldness,andthesunofwarmthanddryness.Thatalludestothelateantiqueandmedievalteachingthattherearefourelements:water,air,fire,andearth,andfourbasicqualities:warmth,dryness,wet,andcold.ThroughouttheMiddleAgesthatwasconsideredthebasicprincipleandthecategoriesinwhichbasicmattercouldbeobserved,thefourelementsandthefourqualities.

Itisofcourseabeautifulmandala,forfireishotanddryandairismoistandcold.Therearemanydifferentvariationsforthedispositionoftheelementsandqualities.Thiswasnotsointermsofmaterialreality,evenforpeopleofthattime;theyrealizedthatitwasasimplificationofmaterialphenomenawhichdidnotfitreality.Assoonasyouthinkmoreprofoundly,itdoesnotfit,likeallarchetypalschemesoforderwhichareprojected,andeventheveryfirstalchemistssaidnottothinkthatthiswasmeantconcretely,thatitwasjustawayofintroducingorderintoourideas.Zosimos,forinstance,saysthat,whichmeansyouseeclearlyanimageoftotalitythroughthefourqualitiesprojectedontomatter;eveninthosedaysitwassimplyasymbolicnetworkwhichthehumanmindprojectedontomattertobringorderintoit.

Wecancomparethattothemodernuseofconceptssuchasparticle,

energy,time-spacecontinuum,andelectro-magneticphenomena.Physicistsknowthattheseconceptsarevaguelyinterwoven,andnotquiteassimpleandclearaswethinktheyare,buttheyhavebeencreatedasameansofexpression.

Thefourqualitiesappearnowandcompletethedualityofsunandmoon.Itisthesamewhentwopeoplemeet:therearefour,heandhisanimaandsheandheranimus.Inananalyticaldiscussiontherearealwaysfourelements,twointheconsciousandtwointheunconscious.Everyconsciousassertionalreadyconstellatesitsopposite,namelynegation.IfIsayaplantisaplantandadogisananimal,thatseemssimpleenough,butitisacontrapositionoftwo

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thingsandcontainssomethingmore,becauseifIsayatreeisatree,Iexpressthefactthatitisnotamineral,oranythingelsebutatree.EverythingIsayhasalreadyinittheshadowofwhatisexcluded.Thereforeeverytimeconsciousnessproducessomething,eventwowords,therearealwaysfour,becausetheunconsciousisalwaystheretoo;somethingunknownisinvolved,andthatshouldalsobetakenintoconsideration.

Takethecounterpositionsofphysicsandpsychology.Bylookingatwhatphysicistsdo,psychologydiscoversthatthephysicistisfullofunconsciousprojections,heseesthatatonce.Butwhenthephysicistlooksatus,henaturallyseeswhatwediscoverpsychologicallyfromaphysicalaspectandsaysweareunawareofthataspect,whichisbecausewearenotsufficientlydevelopedinourconsciousnesstobeabletokeepacontradictioninmind,somethingverydifficulttodo,andyetweshould.

Everypolaritycontainsitsopposite,butitismostobviouswhentwohumanbeingsdiscusstogether,asinanalysis.Thentherearealwaysthefour,theunconsciousofeachisalwaystheretoo.Assoonasyougivetheproblemofrelationshipyourcloseattention,thatfactmakesitmuchmorecomplicatedfortherearealwaysthetwoqualitiesineach.

Letusassumethatinaprojectedformthisreferstothatproblem.Thesunandthemoonsaythatiftheyarecoupledinabalancedstatethenitislikeamanandawomanwhoarecompletelythereforeachother.Sothereistheproblemoftheconiunctioinallitsaspects,wheretherearetwoknownfactorsandtwoothersunknown.Butwhentheyareallrelatedthenastateofbalanceandcompletenessisreached.

44.Theconiunctioasaharmoniousbalancebetweenmoonandsun

furnaces,i.e.,feminineandmasculineenergies.

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45.Theconiunctioasmeetingofkingandqueen.Thequeenstandsonaglobetoindicateherconnectionwiththeearth;thekingstandsinfire,showing

theemotionalattraction.

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Lecture6ArabicAlchemyIwillcontinuewiththeloveletterofthesuntothemoon.Inthemoonaconflicthasarisenforitappearsintwoforms,oneinheavenandoneonearth.Thesunalsoappearsintwoforms.Fromonesun,onlyoneraydescendsupontheearth,andthisiscalledthesunwhichshineswithoutjustice;asecondsunsendsouttworaysandiscalledthesunwhichshineswithjustice.

Thesunisanaspectofconsciousness,beingaphenomenonpartlylinkedwiththeegoandpartlywiththeSelf.Oneaspectofthesunisopentotheunconscious,forthetworaysimplyaprincipleofconsciousnesscapableofembracingtheopposites,whiletheothersunis"aclosedsystem"itisone-sidedandthereforedestructive.InMysteriumConiunctionisJungdescribesthesunasanimageofthespiritualdivinity,i.e.,theSelfontheonehand,andanaspectoftheegoontheother.

TheegoisidenticalwiththeSelftotheextentthatitistheinstrumentofself-realizationfortheSelf.OnlyanegotisticalinflatedegoisinoppositiontotheSelf.Initsrightfulfunctiontheegoisthelightinthedarknessoftheunconscious,andinsomewaysidenticalwiththeSelf.Thetwosunsseemtoillustratethiscontrastbetweenthedestructiveandpositiveaspectsofegoconsciousness.Thesunwithoneraywouldrepresentaninflatedegocentricconsciousprinciple,unjusttotheunconsciousorrealityandopposedtotheSelf.Thesunwithtworays,ontheotherhand,symbolisestheegoasaninstrumentofrealizationfortheSelf,andinthatsenseitfunctionswithjustice.

Theegoofanindividuatedperson,forinstance,wouldbea

manifestationoftheSelf,itwouldbeopentotheunconscious.SuchanegomanifeststheSelfbyhavingadoubleattitudetowardsandbeingconstantly,humbly,opentotheunconsciousandthusofferingabasisofrealizationfortheSelf.Godneedsourpoorheart,saysAngelusSilesius,inordertobereal.

ThusthedoublesuninSenior'stextshowsaconflictbetweenawrongegoattitudetowardstheearth,orunconscious,andanegoattitudewhichallowstheSelftomanifest.Thegoalwouldbetofind

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thisdouble-rayedconsciousattitude,namelyacapacityforstandingtheopposites.Thiswouldnotmeanwaveringbetweentheoppositesbutratherholdingthetensionbetweenthem.

Atendencytodeviateandtobecomeone-sidedisinborninconsciousness,itislinkedwithitsneedforclarityandpreciseness.Peopleoftensay,forinstance,thatDr.Jungdoesnotwriteveryclearly,buthedoesthatonpurposehewriteswithadoubleattitude,givingfulljusticetotheparadoxesoftheunconscious.Hedescribespsychicphenomenafromanempiricalstandpoint.BuddhaoncesaidthatallhissayingsweretobeunderstoodontwolevelsandJung'swritingsalsohavethisdoublefloor,thesetwolevels.

PeoplewhoarestuckintheVishuddachakra,sotospeak,believeinwordsandcannotgraspthethingitself.ButJungusesadescriptivemethod,whichhasnowalsobeenadoptedinnuclearphysics,wherefactsaredescribedintwocomplementaryapproacheswhichcontradicteachotherbutyetareneededinorderthatthewholethingmaybegrasped.Wordsareonlyinstrumentsandnotthethingitself.

Question:DoestheSolnigeralludetothenegative,unjustaspectofconsciousness?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,theSolnigerwouldbethedarkshadowyaspectofconsciousness.Thusthesungodinmythologyoftenhasahiddendestructiveaspect.Apollo,forinstance,isthegodofmice,rats,andwolves.Thenegativeaspectofthesunisespeciallyrealizedinhotcountrieswheretheburningmiddaysundestroysalltheplants.InhotcountriesghostscomeoutatnoonandintheBible,forinstance,thereisthedemonofmidday.Thedarkorshadowsideofthesunisdemonic.

Drivennesspushingtheegofrombehindwouldillustratethedark,

demonicsideofthesun,andthereisamisuseofconsciousnesstojustifythedrivewhentheegoisnotstrongenoughtodecideontheobjectivefactsbutissweptawaythroughtheweaknessofitspassions:fear,power,orsex.Perfectionalso,initself,ishostiletonature.ThereisataleinIndochinathatoncethesunwastoohotandaheroshotitdown.ThustheSolnigerSaturnistheshadowofthesun,thesunwithoutjustice,whichisdeathfortheliving.

Man,withhisconsciousness,isadisturbingfactorintheorderofnature;onecouldreallyquestionwhethermanwasagoodinvention

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46.SaturnasSolniger,shadowofthesun(ordarksideofGod)devouringhischildren."WhentheSelfisnotsupporteditsendsaneurosis,i.e.,theshadowoftheSelfcomesintoactionandGodandnaturebecome

enemiestoman."vonFranz.

onthepartofnatureornot.Thereisthemythofthetrickstergodwhoisespeciallystupid,andfromacertainanglemanisverystupidanddoesnothaveenoughsensetobebalanced.Asananimalheisdisturbedandoverreproductive.Whetherheisamistake,orthecrownofcreation,dependsonthefunctioningofhissunwithorwithoutjustice.Ifconsciousnessfunctionsasitshould,itishelpfultolife,butwhenitgetsoffthetrackitbecomesdestructive.

Oneaimofanalysisistogetconsciousnesstofunctionagainaccordingtonature.Inflationisasymptomoftheunjustfunctioning.Ifahighlyfocussedconsciousnessisdriven,thenonehasadarksun.Peopleuseconsciousnesstoconvinceyouthattheyarerightindoingthewrongthing.Eachofusisborninanimperfectandquestionablestatetobewrongandsplitishumannature.ThemythofAdamintheGardenofEdenwastheoriginalpatternforthis,showingthatfromtheverybeginningman'sconditionlimped.WhentheSelfisnotsupporteditsendsaneurosis,i.e.,theshadowoftheSelfcomesintoactionandGodandnaturebecomeenemiestoman.

AwronglyfunctioningconsciousnessreceivesthedarksideofGod.Ifconsciousnessworksaccordingtonature,theblacknessisnotsoblackorsodestructive,butifthesunstandsstill,itisstiffenedandburnslifetodeathandthen,accordingtocertainIndians,thehearthastobesacrificedtokeepthesunmoving.Every

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47.Thepeacock,symbolisingtherenewaloflife,risesfromthesealed

retort("thebellyoftheclosedhouse")inwhichtakesplacetheunionofopposites,theintegrationofmasculineandfeminine.

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timewemakearule,wehavetomakeanexception,forotherwiseconsciousnessandlifearenotinaccord.

Thetwomoonsandthetwosunsmakefour.Aquaternioisalwayspresentintwopeople,namelymanandhisanima,womanandheranimus.Theconiunctiotakesplace,accordingtoourtext,inthebellyofthe"closedhouse,"whichwouldbethealchemicalvesselwheresunandmoonunite.TheEgyptiancoffinissuchaclosedhouse,wherethekingmarrieshismother:IsisandHorus,orHathorandHorus.Thepriestsays:"Nowyoustay,unitinginlovewithyourmother,"asheclosesthedoorofthefuneralchamber.AJapaneseZenMasteralsosays:''Hehasthedoorofhisheartclosedsothatnoonecanguesshisfeelings."Onebecomesamysterytoothers,becauseoftheonenesswiththeSelf.

Ifyoucanguessaperson'sreactions,thenhestillfunctionscollectively.Thereisasenseof"Iknowhowyoufeel"becauseofsimilarcollectivereactions.Empathy,feelingintotheotherperson'sstate,isbasedoncollectivequalities.Wemeetmostpeopleonthecollectivelevelandknowthequalitiesweshare,suchasjealousyandlove,andwithoutempathywecannotrelate,butthatisnottheuniquenessoftheindividual.Itisthequalityofgeniustoproducetheunexpected;itisthesurprisingthingwhichclicksandyetisnotbanal.Youcanneverguesswhatacreativepersonwillproduceforitisanewcreationandthereisnoknowingwhatitwillbe.Fromthemindcomeideasandfromthefeelingsidecomereactionswhichinsuchapersonareabsolutelyunique.

Theindividuationprocessleadstouniquecreativenessineachmomentandtheshutchamberalludestothissecretcentreofthepersonality,thesecretsourceoflife.Itistheshutchamberoftheheart,theuniquecreativenessineachmomentoflife.Wherethe

processofindividuationleadstotherealizationofthisuniquenessotherscannolongerguessaboutyou,fortheycannotseeintotheshutchamberofyourheartfromwheretheunexpected,creativereactionsspring.

IwouldsaythattheunexpectedcreativereactionscomefromtheonenesswiththeSelf.ItistheSelfwhichhasthisqualityofuniquecreativenessineachmomentoflife,whichiswhytheJapaneseMastersaysthatonecannolongerguessthemovementsofhisheart.ItmeansthatiftheZenMastersaysordoessomethingitwillalwaysbeunpredictableandcreativelysurprising.Theshutchamberalludestothissecret,forultimatelytheindividualisa

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uniqueandclosedsystem,auniquethingwhichcentresroundanunpredictablesourceoflife.Ifthatbecomesrealinanindividualthenonefeelsthemysteryofauniquepersonality.Thathastodowithshuttingthehouse,whichmeansseparationfromcollectiveentanglementsandcontamination,notonlyoutwardly,butinwardly,separatingwithinoneselffromwhatisordinaryandnotoneself.

Question:HowdoesthatreconcilewiththeSatoriexperienceofZenBuddhismwheretheopennessandonenesswithnatureandwiththecollectivetooisoneofthegoals?

Dr.vonFranz:Thatisoneofthoseparadoxes.Inthelastofthe"TenOx-herdingPictures"ofZen,theoldmangoestothemarket.Hehasasweetsmile,andhasevenforgottenhisownenlightenment.Thereyouhavethecompletelycollectivemanwhogoestothemarketwithhispupilandhisbeggar'sbowl,andhasevenforgottenhisSatoriexperiencewiththegods.Thatmeanshedoesnotsubjectivelyfeelunique,but,thestoryadds,thecherrytreeblossomsashegoesbyandthatissomethingyouwouldnotguesswhenanoldfellowwithafatbellygoestothemarketwitharatherinsipidsmile.Uniquenessspringsfromhimasacreativeact,butitisnotintentionallyinhismind.Hedoesnotfeelunique,heisunique,althoughsubjectivelythesameoldmanwouldsaythatheisapooroldmanandwhatdoyouwantofhim?Suchpeoplehaveanextreme,naturalhumility,inspiteofwhichtheiruniquenessmanifests.

ItisagaintheparadoxoftheegoandtheSelf.Theegomusthavetheattitudeofahumanbeingamongotherhumanbeings,andthentheuniqueness,ifithasbeenfoundwithin,willemanateinvoluntarily.Itisjusttheoppositeofbeinginflatedwithone'suniqueness,feelingsodifferentfromothersandmakingthoseprince-andprincesslikeremarkssuchas:"Iamsosensitivenobodyunderstandsme."Thatis

justnotit,andifpeoplesaythattomeIalwayssayIknowtherearealotofpeoplelikethat,andIdon'tsaythatoutofwickedness;itisquitetrue,itisaverycommonqualitytobesosensitivethatnobodyunderstandsyou.Itisverywidespread,especiallyamongintroverts,whofeeluniquebuttheyarenot.Theenlightenedonedoesnotfeeluniquebutveryhumanandthatiswhyyoucansaysuchpeopleareveryopentotheworldandveryhumanwitheverybody,orparadoxicallyyoucansaytheyareinfinitelyuniqueandincomprehensible.

48.EnteringtheCitywithBliss-bestowingHands,thelastofthe"TenOx-herdingPictures"ofZenBuddhism,representstheculminationoftheprocessofindividuation:"Andnowhavingmovedthroughthestageofemptiness,andalsohavingseenGodintheworldof

nature,theindividualcanseeGodintheworldofmen.Enlightenedminglinginthemarketplacewith`wine-bibbersandbutchers'(publicansandsinners),herecognizesthe`innerlight'of`Buddha-Nature'ineveryone.Hedoesn'tneedtoholdhimselfaloofnortobe

weighteddownbyasenseofdutyorresponsibility,nortofollowasetofpatternsofotherholymen,nortoimitatethepast.Heissoinharmonywithlifethatheiscontenttobe

inconspicuous,tobeaninstrument,notaleader.Hesimplydoeswhatseemstohimnatural.Butthoughinthemarketplaceheseemstobeanordinaryman,somethinghappenstothepeopleamongwhomhemingles.Theytoobecomepartoftheharmonyoftheuniverse."

Suzuki,ManualofZenBuddhism.

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Remark:Ithink,toexpressitinanotherway,thattheaimistoeliminatesubjectandobject,whileatthesametimetohonestlydiscriminatebetweensubjectandobject.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,thatisabsolutelyfitting.Thisistoillustratethebellyoftheclosedhouse;thatis,theinnermostcreativeissecludedbynature,andnotbyanyartificialact.Ithasalsotodo,veryconcretelyandinabanalway,withtheproblemofanalyticaldiscretion.Assoonasonetouchestheuniquenessofthepartnerinananalysis,discretionisimposed.Beforeitwasjustaconventionalrule,notreallynecessary,butiftheuniquenessistoucheduponitisnaturalnevertotalkaboutittoathirdperson.Onerealizesitisuniqueandthatitshouldneverbetalkedaboutwithanybodyelse,quitenaturally.Itcannotbe,andthathastodowiththemysteryofmeetingwithuniquenessinanyloverelationship,forthenthehouseshutsnaturally,byitself.

Behindtheshutdoorthemoonreceivesitssoulfromthesunandthesuntakesawaythebeautyofthemoon,whichbecomesquitethinandweak.Thatmeanstheconiunctiotakesplaceinthenewmoon,intheunderworld.Youknowthatthemoonisnewwhenitisclosetothesun.Whenitisoppositethesunthenthewholemoonislitupandyouhavethefullmoonbutwhenitisclosetothesunthenitisnothitbythesun'srays.ThatisaninterestingfactaboutwhichJunghaswritteninMysteriumConiunctionisthattheconiunctiodoesnottakeplaceinthefullbutinthenewmoon,whichmeansittakesplaceinthedarkestnightwherenoteventhemoonshines,andinthisultimatelydarknightsunandmoonunite.

Thereisaspeciallyinterestingnuancehere,becauseinmedievalChurchsymbolismthesunsymbolisesChristandthemoonsymbolisestheChurchtheEcclesiaandtheconiunctioofsunand

moonisinterpretedasthemeetingofChristandtheredeemedChurch.Butnotoneofthewritershaspointedoutthefactthatwhentheyunitedthemoonwasgone,ordarkened,blottedoutcompletely.Theyhavetactfullyskippedthatdetail,orneverquestionedwhyitisso.

Theconiunctiohappensintheunderworld,ithappensinthedarkwhenthereisnolightshininganymore.Whenyouarecompletelyoutandconsciousnessisgone,thensomethingisbornorgenerated;inthedeepestdepression,inthedeepestdesolation,thenewpersonalityisborn.Whenyouareattheendofyourtether,thatis

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49.Themoonintheshadowoftheearth."Theconiunctiotakesplaceinthe

newmoon,intheunderworld....Inthedeepestdepression,inthedeepestdesolation,thenewpersonalityisborn."vonFranz.

themomentwhentheconiunctio,thecoincidenceofopposites,takesplace.

Thesungivesitslighttothemoon,butatthatmomentthemoonisblottedoutandfadesandbecomesverythin,soitcanbesaidthatthesunharmsthemoonbycomingcloser.Laterthesunsays:"Ifyoudomenoharmintheconiunctio,OMoon,"thenthisandthatwillhappen.Sotheconiunctioisapparentlydangerous,forthesundoessomeharmtothemoonandthemooncanharmthesun.Thatcouldperhapsbeavoided,butthecloserthosetwolightsgettoeachother,thegreaterthedangerthattheydestroyeachotherinsteadofuniting,whichcomesfromthefactwediscussedbefore,namelythatbothsunandmoonhaveashadow.

Bothhaveadarkanddestructiveside,andwhentheycomeclose

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togetheritisliketwolovingpeoplewherethemoretheloveincreases,themoredoubtsanddistrustincreasetoo;oneisveryoftenafraid,sinceifoneopensone'sheart,theothercandosomuchharm.If,forinstance,amanshowshisloveforawoman,thenheisexposedtoheranimus.Ifhedoesnotloveher,hejustsaysitisherdamnedanimus,butifhedoes,thenhemindswhenshemakeshorribleanimusremarks.Thesamethingholdsgoodforthewoman,forifsheacknowledgesherloveforaman,thepoisonofhisanimamayhither.Thereforethereisalwaysthattremblingfearinapproachingeachotherinthehumanlovesituation,mirroredsymbolicallyintheprocessofsunandmoonbecomingone.

Ifwetaketheconiunctioonapurelyinnerlevel,itcanbesaidthatwhentheconsciousandunconsciouspersonalitiesapproacheachother,thentherearetwopossibilities:eithertheunconsciousswallowsconsciousness,whenthereisapsychosis,ortheconsciousdestroystheunconsciouswithitstheories,whichmeansaconsciousinflation.Thelattergenerallyalsohappenswhenthereisalatentpsychosis,andthenpeoplegetoutofitbysayingtheunconsciousis"nothingbut...,"therebycrushingtheunconsciousanditslivingmystery,orpushingitaside.Manypeopleleavetheanalyticalprocessundersuchconditions.Theygetcloserandclosertotheunconsciousandthenadisagreeablerealizationcreepsup;theworkbecomesdifficultandthepersonputsanendtoit,sayingheknowsallaboutitanditis"nothingbut."Insuchacasethesunhasdestroyedthemoon.Iftheunconsciousoverwhelmsconsciousnessandthereisapsychoticinterval,themoonhasdestroyedthesun.

Always,whenconsciousandunconsciousmeet,insteadoflovetheremightbedestruction.Herethesetwolightsinthelovelettertrytoavoidthat.Thesunsays:"Ifyoudonotharmme,thenIwillhelpyou,"andthemoonsaysthesamething.Theydosucceedinkeeping

therelationshipright;themoonatacertainmomentbecomesverythinandisblottedout,butthentheybecomeexaltedandtheyjointheOrderoftheOldMen.SincethewordSenioresismentioned,thismustbetheSheikhs.

ThisisastrangepartandIhavetriedtointerpretit.IcannotsayIamsureoftheinterpretation,butthereisaparalleltextinwhichtheOrderoftheOldMenisspokenofastheOrderofTwenty-fourOldMen,referringtothetwenty-fouroldmenoftheRevelationofSt.John,thetwenty-fourEldersofIsraelwhositroundthethroneofGoddayandnight.Thiswouldrefertothehouseofthedayand

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nightandwouldmeanthatthesunandmoongothroughallthestagesofthetwenty-fourhours.

TheOrderoftheEldersintheShi-itesect,themysticalmovementwithinIslam,hasalsotodowiththesecrettraditionofImâm.IneachgenerationthereisoneSheikhwhoisthespiritualinitiator,knownastheImâm.WhenhecarriesthelightoftheGodheadherepresentstheincarnationoftheGodheadandisthesecretGuru,theteacherofthosemysticalIslamicsects.ThisoccurswiththeShiitesandtheDrusesandcertainothers,differentsectshavingdifferentclassifications.Theyquarrelastowhoshouldbethespiritualleader,butinallofthemistheideaoftheonespiritualleader,theenlightenedone,inwhomthelightoftheGodheadhasbeenmostincarnated.

AswehavetodowithanArabictext,theremightbesomethingofthatkindheretoo,whichwouldalsoconnectupwiththeotherinterpretations,namelyamultipleaspectoftheWiseOldManindifferentstagesorphases.Practically,thatwouldmeanthatthearchetypeofthewiseoldman,anaspectoftheSelf,appearsmultipliedinspecificconnectionwithtime,intheideathatoneImamcomesineachspecialtimeorworldperiod,oritcompareswiththetwenty-fourhoursofdayandnight,whichisalsoatimesymbolism.ThesameideareappearsinChristiansymbolismasChristandthetwelveapostles,whowereattributedtothetwelvemonthsandtwelvehoursoftheday.

IthinkithastodowiththesimplefactthattherealizationoftheSelf,ortheprocessofindividuation,hasonlyreachedrealitywhenitappearsineachmomentofthissiderealtime.ManypeoplefirstrealizewhattheSelfisintuitively,byreadingabook,orbytheinterpretationofadream,butthatdoesnotsolvethequestionastowhattheyshoulddothismorningandtomorrowevening,which

meansthatithasnotyetenteredtime.TheyhaveanintuitiveconnectionwiththeSelfandwiththewisdomoftheunconscious,butithasnotyetenteredintothetimeandspaceoftheirlives,theirpersonallives.

Itisonlyrealifateachmomentatleasttheoretically,foroneneveractuallyreachesthatstageoneisconstantlyinconnectionwithit,constantlyexpressingitandknowingwhatitis.ThereforeitcanbesaidthattheSelfhasonlybecomerealwhenitisexpressedinone'sactionsinspaceandtime.Beforeithasreachedthatstageitisnotquitereal,butthenitbecomesamovingthing.

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Forinstance,whatisrightfortodaymaybewrongfortomorrow,whichiswhysomeonewhohasreachedthisstageofconsciousnesswillbeunpredictableandalwaysactdifferentlyinthesamesituations.Todaythethingislikethisandthepersonwillreactinoneway,andtomorrowthesamesituationwilloccurandthepersonwillreactdifferently.Therearenomorerules,foreachmomentisdifferent,andthereforetimeacquiresacreativequality;eachtime-momentisacreativepossibilityandthereisnolongeranyrepetition.

Sowhenthesunandmoonunitetheybeginatthesametimetogoalongacyclewhichhastodowithtime.ThatissymbolisedinEasternalchemythroughtheprocessofthecirculationofthelight;afterhavingfoundtheinnerlightitbeginstorotatebyitself.InTheSecretoftheGoldenFlower,andinalchemy,thisiscalledthecirculatio,therotation,andtherearemanydifferenttextsinalchemyinwhichitissaidthatthephilosopher'sstonehastocirculate.Usuallythatisconnectedwithtimesymbolism,fortheysaythephilosopher'sstonehastopassthroughwinter,spring,summer,andautumn,orithastogothroughallthehoursofthedayandnight.Ithastocirculatethroughallthequalitiesandalltheelements,orithastogofromearthtoheavenandbackagaintotheearth.Thereisalwaystheideathatafterhavingbeenproduced,itbeginstocirculate.

Psychologically,thiswouldmeanthattheSelfbeginstomanifestinspaceandtime,thatitdoesnotbecomesomethingatacertainmomentwithafterwardsareturntoone'sformerwayofliving,buthasanimmediateeffectuponthewholeoflife;thenactionandreactionareconstantlyinaccordancewiththeSelf,realandmanifestinitsownmovements.Thestone,orthenewlight,theSelf,canitselfmove.Naturallywehavetolistentoit,butifwedo,thenitcanmoveandcanproduceautonomousimpulses.

Question:Butaretheynecessarilytherightimpulses?

Dr.vonFranz:Thereisnofinaljudgementastowhatiswrongandwhatisright.Manypeoplewillsayitiswrong,andotherswillsayitisright,andsubjectivelyyouwillsometimesfeelitiswrongorright.

IfIcouldsaysomethingverypersonal,Iwouldsaythatitisnotaquestionofrightorwrong,forifoneisonewiththeSelfonedoesnotcareanymore.Ifitiswrong,thennaturallyonehastopayfor

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it,butthemainthingistheconnection,forseparationisspiritualdeath.TobeconnectedwiththeSelfisspirituallife;ifittellsyoutodosomethingwhichislookeduponasbeingwrong,theneveryonewillattackyouandifyoubegintothinkthatitwasperhapswrong,thenyoucanstillsayitwasworthitbecauseitwasinconnectionwiththeSelf.

IthinkifonedoessomethingoutofalivingconnectionwiththeSelf,thenpayingthepriceisworthwhile,thepriceofbeingaccusedofwrongdoingandperhapspassingthroughthestagesofthinkingitiswrong.Subjectively,oneneverreallyfeelsitiswrong,butonemustallowforpeoplesayingitis,andbetolerant.Butifyouarehappyandfeelalive,thatistheonethingnobodycantakeawayfromyou.IfIsayIamhappy,whatcananyoneelsesayaboutit?IfoneisinharmonywiththeSelf,thereisafeelingofabsolutehappinessandpeaceandotherscanjudgeasmuchastheylikewithdestructiveintellectualtheories;thatdoesn'tdoanyharm,forfeelingclosetotheSelfbecomestheindestructiblething.Naturallyonelosesthattimeandagain,becauseitistoodifficulttokeepforalongtime.

Thenthelovelettercontinues,themoonsayingtothesun:

"Thelightofyourlightwillflowintomylight;itwillbelikeamixtureofwineandwaterandIwillstopmyflowandafterwardsIwillbeenclosedinyourblacknesslikeinkandthenIshallcoagulate."

Thereyouhavetheadmixtureoftwolightscomparedtothemixtureofwineandwater,asymbolismbetterknownintheChristiantraditionwherewhenMassisreadwineandwateraremixed,whichdepictsthehumanandthedivinespiritualaspectofChrist,HishumanityandHisspiritualaspect.

Winenaturallybelongstothesunandwatertothemoon,forthemoonistherulerofallmoistthings,accordingtotheantiquewayof

lookingatthings.Itisanideaoftheconiunctioinawideandgeneralmeaning,notonlyintheChristiantraditionbutalsointheArabicworld,themysticalexaltedconnectionofthespiritualsubstancewiththeGodhead.Intheseeminglydrunkard'spoemsofElHafis,orElRoumi,waterisgenerallythecorruptible,thefeminine,anaspectoftheflowoflifeandoftheunconscious.Ifthosetwocometogether,thenthemoonwillstopitsflowandcoagulateand,accordingtotheendofthetext,thatissomethingpositive.

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50.Mercuriusasthedivinechildsymbolofanew,objectiveattitudebeyondconflictisborninthe"philosopher'segg"(thesealed

alchemicalvessel).Asproductoftheunionofopposites,consciousnessandtheunconscious,hestandsonthesunandmoon.Thebirdsindicatethespiritual(psychic)natureoftheprocess;theraysofthesunsignify

theimportanceofheat(emotion).

Soitmeansthatuptothetimeoftheconiunctiothemoonflowed,whichwouldhavetodowiththeconstantlywaxingandwaningofthemoon,theconstantflux,butitalsoproducesthedew,accordingtotheirtheory,andmoisture,andnaturallyalsomenstruationinwomenandtheflowofthefeminine.Butsincemenstruationstopswhenthechildisgenerated,thereistheideathattheflowisstoppedwhenthetwolightshaveunitedandthenewlightisborn.

Apparentlysomethingcorruptibleandnasty,whichhastodowiththechangeablenatureofthefeminine,stopsandcomestoanend.Thatrefersdirectlyandimmediatelytothewholealchemicalprocess,

whichasyouknowistheproductionofthephilosopher's

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stone,anobjectofhardsubstance,somethingwhichdoesnotflowandisinalchemythehighestsymboloftheDivinity.

Itisastrangething,ifwelookatitnaively,thatinalchemytheendproductissomethingwhichintheorderofnaturewelookuponasverylow,namelyastone,somethingwhosequalityisjusttobethere.Astoneneithereatsnordrinksnorsleeps,itjustremainsthereforalleternity.Ifyoukickit,thenitstayswhereyoukickeditanddoesnotmove.Butinalchemythisdespisedthingisthesymbolofthegoal.WehavetogodeepintothemysticallanguageoftheEastandofalchemyandofcertainotherChristianmystiquestogetanideaofwhatthismeans.

Ifthroughfightingandmeetingtheunconsciousonehassufferedlongenough,akindofobjectivepersonalityisestablished;anucleusformsinthepersonwhichisatpeace,quieteveninthemidstofthegreatestlifestorms,intenselyalivebutwithoutactionandwithoutparticipationintheconflict.Thatpeaceofmindoftencomestopeoplewhentheyhavesufferedlongenough:onedaysomethingbreaksandthefaceacquiresaquietexpression,forsomethinghasbeenbornwhichremainsinthecentre,outsideorbeyondtheconflict,whichdoesnotgoonanymoreasitdid.

Naturally,twominuteslateritbeginsagain,fortheconflicthasnotbeensolved,buttheexperiencethatonethingisjustquietlybeyondtheconflictremains,andfromthenontheprocessbecomesdifferent.Peoplenolongersearch,theyknowthethingexists,theyhaveexperienceditforamoment.Thereaftertheopushasagoal,thatoffindingthismomentagainandslowlybeingabletokeepit,sothatitbecomessomethingconstant.

Inallthestrugglesoflifethereisalwaysthatonethingwhichisbeyondthestruggle;asDr.Jungdescribesitsobeautifullyinhis

commentonTheSecretoftheGoldenFlower,itisasthoughyouwerestandingonthemountainabovethethunderstorm.Oneseestheblackcloudsandthelightningandthefallingrain,butsomethinginoneisaboveitallandonecanjustlookatit.Inonewayyouareinittoo,butinanotherwayyouareoutofit.Onahumblerormoreminorscale,youhavereacheditifinastormofdespairorinadestructivedissolvingattackofaconflictyoucankeepasenseofhumourforasecondorperhapsyouaresweptawayoncemorebyanegativeanimus,andthensuddenlysaytoyourselfthatyouhaveheardthatkindoftalkbefore.

Youmaynotbeabletogetoutofyourdestructiveanimus,itmay

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stillbetoostrong,butsomethinginyousmilesandsaysithasheardthatsillysongbefore;youwouldliketolaughatyourself,butpridewillnotallowthat,andyougoonwiththenegativeanimusandhegetsyouagain.Thosearethedivinemomentswhensomethingisclearandmovingbeyondtheoppositesandthesuffering.Usuallytheyareonlybriefmoments,butifyoucontinueworkingonyourselflongenough,thestoneslowlygrowsandbecomesmoreandmorethesolidnucleusofthepersonalitywhichnolongerparticipatesintheape-circusoflife.

Thatisprobablywhatismeanthere:themoon,whoistheruleroflifeasagorilla-circus,stopsitsfluxandsomethingappearsthatiseternalandbeyondtheconflict.Themoon''coagulates,"thelifeprocessisseenassomethingeternaloutsideoflife.Lifeitselfcoagulatesandstepsoutofitsownrhythm,whichisprobablythepreparationfordeath,sincedeathisthenaturalendoflife,thefruitwhichgrowsoutoflife:thelivedlifecreatestheeternalattitudewhichtranscendsdeath.

Sothemoonsays,"Whenwehaveenteredthehouseoflove,mybodywillcoagulateinmyeclipse,"andthesunanswers:

"Ifyoudothisanddomenoharm,mybodywillreturn[probablybacktoitsoriginalform]andIwillgiveyouthevirtueofpenetration,andyouwillbepowerfulorvictoriousinthebattleoffire,ofliquefactionandpurgation,andyouwillgoonwithoutdiminishingordarkness,andwillnothaveanyconflictforyouwillnotberebellious."

SothesunonlyconfirmswhatthemoonsaysandIthinkfromwhatIsaidbeforethatthisisclear:nowthemoon,eveninthefightofthefirewhichmeanseveninthedestructiveattacksofemotionsfromwithinandwithoutremainsfirmandbeyondthem,andisnolongerrebelliousagainstconsciousness.Unconsciousandconsciousareat

peacewitheachother.

"BlessedishewhothinksaboutwhatIsayandmydignitywillnotbewithdrawnfromhimandthelionwillnotfailorbecomecheap,weakenedbytheflesh."

Thelionisawell-knownsymbolofthesolsticeofthesun,whenthesunisatitshighest,speakingastrologically,butitisalsoasymbolofresurrection.Wehadit,youwillremember,inourfirstGreektext,whereliongenerateslion.Igaveyouthedrawingofthedoublelions,andyouwillrememberwhatIthensaidaboutthelion,thatitisalsoasymbolofpassionatedevouring,thepowerdrive,notonlyinthenarrowsenseoftheword,butgenerallythe

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desiretopossess.Theoutstretchedpawsandwideopenjawillustratethelion,thepowerful,passionatehotnature.Itstandsforresurrection,butalsocanbeweakenedbytheflesh.

Thisisanallusiontotheshadowofthemoon,namely,thatifpowerandpassiongetstuckontheconcretelevel,wantingthisorthatthingandunabletosacrificethatdesire,thenthatsamepassionatelibidowhichisthebasisoftheprocessofindividuationisweakened,itbecomesdestructiveanddestroysitself.

"Ifyouhavefollowedme,"thesunthensaystothemoon,"thenIwillnotkeepfromyouthegrowingofthelead."Theideaisthatlead,whichwediscussedinanearlierlecture,isthebasicmaterial,thematerialofpassion,andisgrowingnowbyitself.Thatreferstoastageinalchemywhichisoftendescribedasgrowth.Forinstance,theysaythefirstpartishardwork,itiseitherwashinglinen,orwashingsand,orcookingthings,orkillingthelion,orbringingforththeconiunctio,butafterwards,atacertainmoment,itbecomeswhattheyevendescribeaschild'splay,andoneonlyhastowaterthegarden,ortoplayabout.Noeffortneedbemade,forfromnowonthethinggrowsbyitself;oneneedonlyattendtoitandwatchit,withoutallthepainfuleffortsonemadebefore.Thatistheaugmentumplumbi,asitiscalledhere.

Itislikethegrowthofachildinthemotherwhilethechildgrowswithinher,shecanonlyseetoitthatsheherselfishealthyanddoaslittleaspossible.Thatisasimilethealchemistsoftenuse,thatafteronehastranscendedthestageofconflicttherecomesthestagewhereoneisjustlikeapregnantwomanwaitingforthebirthofherchild,astagewhereoneneednotthinkaboutdoingtherightthingornot.TheChinesewouldcallitdoingnothing,justlettingthingshappen;givingconstant,lovingattentiontotheprocessisallthatisnowneeded.

Thenthetextsays:

"Mylightwillfadeandmybeautywillbeextinguishedandtheywilltakefromthemineralsofmypurebodyandfromthefatnessofthepurifiedleadintheharmonyoftheirweight,andwithoutgoat'sblood,andadifferencecanbemadebetweenwhatistrueandwhatisfalse."

Goat'sblood,orhe-goat'sblood,really,wassupposedtohaveacorrosiveeffectuponeverythingandallegoricallywasinterpretedinlateantiquityassensuality.Thebloodofthehe-goatistheessenceofsensuality,oflasciviousness,thesensualdrivewhichisveryobviousanddestroyseverything.Thestrong,sexualdrivedestroys

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everythingexcepttheadamant.Anoldlegendsaystheadamantistheonepreciousstonewhichcannotbedissolvedbygoat'sblood,andthereforeisthatfirmnessofthepersonalitywhichresiststheimpulseofsensuality.

Herethereisthesamesymbolism,namelytheconiunctioofthesubstancesofequalweight.Thatwouldrefertoastateofpsychologicalbalancewherethereisnogoat'sblood,thatis,wheresensualitydoesnotanymoresweepawaythepersonality.Thenoneiscapableofdistinguishingthetruefromthefalse;therearisesorgrowswithinthepersonalitywhatonecouldcalltheinstinctoftruth.

Ingeneral,lifeissocomplicatedthatifonehastothinkaboutthingsoneisalwaystoolate.Iamhopelessinthatrespect.Ifsomeonetelephonesmeandsaystheymustseemethatevening,ortheyneedanhourtomorrow,IamnotquickenoughindecidingwhethertosayYesorNo,ortofindanexcusebysayingIamnotfree.Mynaturesweepsmeaway,myinferiorfunction;IsayYes,andafterwardsamcaughtinit,itisallwrong.AndthenIsay:"Confounditall,Iwastooslowagain."IshouldhavesaidNo,buttheinstinctoftruthdidnotworkstronglyenough.Theinstinctoftruthwasthere,somethingkepttellingmetosayNo,butreflectionandtheinferiorfunctioncameinandoncemoreIwastooslow.ThencomesabaddreamwhichgivesmeagoodblowontheheadandIwonderifIwillevergetoutofthatstageandbequickenoughnotalwaystogetcaughtinthesametrap.

Thereisaspeedingupofthispossibilitybythedevelopmentoftheinstinctoftruth,thatis,whentheSelfissopresentandsostrongthattheinstinctoftruthgetsthroughquickly,likearadiotelegram,andonereactsrightlywithoutknowingwhy,itflowsthroughoneandonedoestherightthing.OnesaysYes,orNo,sometimesdoingonethingandsometimestheother,andcancarryonwithoutintermission,

becauseconsciousnesswithitsreflectionisnolongeradisturbance.ThatistheactionoftheSelfbecomingimmediate,andonlytheSelfcanaccomplishthis.Onahigherlevel,itisthesamethingasbeingcompletelynaturalandinstinctive,whenonecandiscernbetweenthefalseandthetrue.ThatiswhytheHolyGhosthasalsobeencalledbycertaintheologianstheinstinctoftruth,whichisaverygooddescription.

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51.The"instinctoftruth"isseenbysometheologiansasanaspectoftheHoly

Ghost,hereshowndescendingintheformofcloventongues.Psychologically,theimmediateawarenessofwhatisrightandtrue

forthepersonality("thetruthwithoutreflection"vonFranz)indicatesaconnectionwiththeSelf;inalchemicallanguageitisthephilosopher's

stone.

Thetextgoeson:

"Iamthehard,dryironandthestrongferment,everythinggoodcomesthroughmeandthelightofthesecretofsecretsisgeneratedbymeand

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nothingcanaffectmyactions.Whathaslightiscreatedinthedarknessofthelight.Butwhenitreachesitsperfectionthenitrecoversfromitsillnessesandweaknessandthenwillappearthisgreatfluxoftheheadandthetail."

Ithinkthefirstpartisclear.Itreferstothegenerationofanewlight,athirdthingbornorgeneratedintheconiunctio.Itisanewlightborninthedarkness,andthenalltheneuroticsymptomsandillnessandweaknessgo;thenewthingappears,nowcalledilludmagnumfluxumcapitisetcaudae.

ThereonemustremembertheOuroboros,thetaileater,wheretheoppositesareone:theheadisatoneendandthetailattheother.Theyareonebuthaveanoppositeaspectandwhentheheadandthetail,theopposites,meet,thereaflowisborn,whichiswhatthealchemistsmeanbythemysticalordivinewater,whichIdescribedasthemeaningfulfluxoflife.Withthehelpoftheinstinctoftruth,lifegoesonasameaningfulflow,asamanifestationoftheSelf.Thatistheresultoftheconiunctiointhiscase.Inmanyothercasesitisdescribedasthephilosopher'sstone,butasmanytextsalsosay,thewateroflifeandthestoneareone.

Itisaverygreatparadoxthatliquidtheunformedwateroflifeandthestonethemostsolidanddeadthingare,accordingtothealchemists,oneandthesamething.ThatreferstothosetwoaspectsoftherealizationoftheSelf:somethingfirmisborn,beyondtheupsanddownsoflife,andatthesametimeisbornsomethingverylivingwhichtakespartintheflowoflife,withouttheinhibitionsorrestrictionsofconsciousness.

IhavenowusedupallthetimeweweretodevotetoourArabictextsandnexttimeweshallmoveontoEuropeanalchemy.IamsorrytohavegivenyouonlyoneArabictext,butIthinkthisShi-itealchemist,

Senior,wasoneoftheverygreatmeninalchemy.

Question:Youspokeoftheinstinctoftruth.Whatdoyoumeanbythat?

Dr.vonFranz:Itiswhatgivesmethetruthwithoutreflection;somethingwithinmeknowsthetruthbymyimmediatereactionwithoutmythinkingaboutit,orevenexpressingit.Theinstinctoftruth,forinstance,issomethingverysimilartotelepathicknowledge.Thosearewordsanameforsomething.TelepathicinGreeksimplymeans"feelingfromafar,"whichdoesnotexplainanythingfortelepathyisamystery,wedonotknowwhatitis.

If,forinstance,somebodyproposesthatyoutakepartinsome

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52.Theconiunctioasfountain,symbolforthemeaningful

flowoflife.

businesswhichseemsquiteallrightandcleanandstraightforwardand,fromouterappearances,youcannotseeanythingwrongwithit,youwouldnaturallysay,"Yes,allright,Iwillparticipateinthat."Thensomethingwithinyousays,"No,don'tdoit,"andaprèslecoupyoudiscoverthatallthesametherewassomethinguncleanorwrongaboutit.Youcouldn'tknowthat,but"it"knewit,somethingsmelledarat.

Thatwouldbetheinstinctoftruth.Instinctknewsomethingyoudidn't.Yourunconscious,oryourinstinctivepersonality,knewit.InthiscaseIdonotmeanthereligioustruthofadoctrine,Imeanthetruthofthemoment.Forinstance,ifsomeoneoffersyousomegoodbusinesswhichisreallyafraud,theinstinctoftruthwouldknowthat.Oritisthetruthofacertainsituation,orofwhatissaidtoyou.

Somebodymaytellyoualongstoryandyoujustfeelitisn'ttrue,thoughyoucannotsaywhatiswrongaboutit.Someonemay

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tellyouofamarriageproblemandyouhavethefeelingsomethingisnottrueaboutit,thoughyoudon'tknowwhat.Inanothercase,youhavetheimmediatefeelingyouarebeingtoldthetruth.

Nowifyoujudgeinstinctively,thenitissomethinginsideyouwhichdecides,andifthatprovestooperateconsistentlywell,thenyoucandecidetotrustthatinnerthing.Thatwouldbeadiscernmentoftruth,butonaninstinctivelevelwhichhasnothingtodowiththehead.

Question:Howdoesthatdifferfromintuition?

Dr.vonFranz:Intuitioncanbe50%rightand50%wrong.Jungusesamarvelloussimileaboutintuitivepeople.Hesaystheyeitherhitthenailonthehead,hitthebull'seyewithoutanyreflection,orshootawayintothewoodstwentykilometresontheotherside.Thatiswhytheyshoulddevelopanotherfunction,becausetheycansometimesjustlookatthesituationandknowallaboutit,butsometimestheyarecompletelywrong.

Itisbetternottotrustintuitionallthetime,foritmaybeblurredbyprojection.Iftheintuitiveisnotinvolvedwiththeshadow,ortheanimusoranima,hehasafantasticwayofhittingthemark.Butiftheshadoworanimusoranimacomesin,ifprojectiongetsin,thenthesameintuitivecanstillswearheknowsthethingisso-and-so,forhethinkshecantrusthisintuition,butitisallobjectivelywrongheisshootingintothewoods.

Sointuitionisa50-50business;itisafunction,andlikeallfunctionsisonlysometimesright.ButtheinstinctivetruthisamanifestationoftheSelfandhasnothingtodowithafunction.Itissomethingwhichoperatesineveryhumanbeing,adiscreetlyquickwordwhichtheSelfwhispersinyourearandwhichgenerallyyouaretooslowtocatchoryou,yourself,talktoomuchandthen"it"cannotbeheard.

53.Unionofoppositesashermaphrodite.

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Lecture7AuroraConsurgensWehavenowgivenallthetimewecansparetoArabicalchemyandwilldedicatethelastthreelecturestoEuropeanalchemy.Ihavethreepropositionstomakeandwillaskyoutovoteonthem:

1.Thetextofthe"Auroraconsurgens,"aboutwhichIwroteinthethirdvolumeoftheGermaneditionofMysteriumConiunctionisbutwhichhasbeensaidtobesocomplicatedanddifficultthatitneedsanintroduction.

2.PartofatextbyPetrusBonus,anItalianofthe14thcentury,whogivesatypicalpictureofmedievalalchemy.

3.Acombinationofthetwo.

IthasalsobeensuggestedthatItakeatextbyParacelsus,butIhaveavoidedthiswriterbecauseoftheamountofspecificexplanationrequired,onaccountofthemanystrangewordsheuses.Onehastodigone'swayintoParacelsus,asonemustwithJakobBoehme,andthereforeIdonotthinkmuchwouldbeobtainedbyashortexcerpt.

Ifyouwouldlikeatextwhich,inmyopinion,waswrittenfromanimmediatereligiousexperienceoftheunconscious,Iwouldadvisethe"Auroraconsurgens."Butifyouwouldpreferanintroductionintothewaysandthought,andthemoreaveragestyle,ofmedievalEuropeanalchemy,thenIwouldsayvoteforPetrusBonus,becausethe"Auroraconsurgens"isnotatypicaltext,butuniqueandoutofanykindoforder.Ifyouchoosethethirdpossibility,acombinationofthetwo,IwouldgiveyouashortintroductiononPetrusBonusandthengoontothe"Auroraconsurgens."Chronologicallythatwouldbewrong,but

Iwouldprefertodoitthatway.

[Avotewastakenandthe"Auroraconsurgens"chosen.]

IamveryhappyaboutthisdecisionbecauseIthinkofthethreepossibilitiesthisisthemostexciting.

Thewords"Auroraconsurgens"standfor"risingdawn"(Aurora,dawn;consurgens,rising).Thediscoveryofthistexthasbeeninthenatureofadetectivestory.Inanoldcollectionofbooks

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Dr.Jungcameacrossthetextof"Auroraconsurgens,PartII,"aratherdrykindofchemicalwork,withatthebeginningabriefnotestatingthatitwasonlythesecondpartofthetextandthatthefirstpartwasomittedbytheprinterbecauseitwasblasphemous.

ThisarousedJung'scuriosityandhespentsometimetryingtotrackitdown.FinallyhediscoveredthatinthemonasteryontheislandofReichenau,ontheLakeofConstance,therehadbeensuchamanuscriptwhichwasnowintheCentralLibraryinZürich.Itisincompleteandbeginsinthemiddleofthetextwehavenowpublished.Dr.Jungfoundthatthetextwasnotreadableinthatform,sinceitwaswrittenin15thcenturyLatinstenography,andhethereforehandeditovertome.

Afterdiggingmywayintoit,IdiscoveredtherewasacompletemanuscriptinParis,anotherinBologna,andathirdinVenice,sowewereableslowlytocollectseveralversionsandwhereuncleartocompleteonetextfromtheother.InmostmanuscriptsthetextwasascribedtoSt.ThomasofAquinas,whichIdidnotconsiderforonemoment,thinkingthatitwasusualtoputthenameofafamousmanontosuchatreatiseandthatitmighteasilyhavebeenwrittenbysomeoneelse.Thatwasalsotheusualreactionofotherscholars.

Itisquiteanamazingtext,consistingofamosaicapuzzleofquotationsfromtheBibleandafewearlyalchemicalwritings.Ifregardedasapuzzlewhichsomeonemightmakeforhisownamusement,thenitwouldbeextremelyuninteresting,anditispossiblethatsomewhohavereaditsuperficiallyhaveaccepteditinthisway.Butasyouwillsoonsee,itisimpossibletoexplainthisphenomenonthatway,becauseofthetremendousexcitementandemotioncontainedinthetext.

Thenextconclusionwasthatitwasaschizophrenicproductitsounds

ratherlikeoneandthatismuchnearerthetruth.However,Idonotthinkitisquitethat,althoughitwasprobablywrittenbysomeoneoverwhelmedbytheunconscious.Theclassicsituationofsomeoneinthisconditionisdescribedasapsychoticepisode,butintheopinionofDr.Jung,givenashismedicaldiagnosis,itwouldrepresenteithertheoutbreakofapsychosis,oraphaseinamanicdepressivepsychosis,orthedescriptionofanabnormalsituationwrittenbyanormalpersonwhoatthatparticulartimewasoverwhelmedbytheunconscious.

Iaminclinedtoagreewiththethirdtheory,thoughfromthedocumentitisnotpossibletocometoadefiniteconclusion.Ihave

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interpreteditsymbolically,likeadream,andhaveconcludedthatitisthetextofadyingperson.Thewholesymbolismandproblemcirclesroundandisconcentratedontheproblemofdeath,andattheendthereisadescriptionofthemysticalmarriage,orloveexperience,renderedinaformwhichseemstohavetodowiththeexperiencesmanydyingpeopleareknowntohave,resultinginthetraditionthatdeathisakindofmysticalmarriagewiththeotherhalfofthepersonality.

Havingtranslated,studied,andinterpretedthetextthusfar,Dr.Jungsuddenlydecidedweshouldpublishthisuniquedocument.HeaskedmeifIwouldbekindenoughtowriteabrief,historicalintroductiontherestwasfinishedgivingthedatesandsayingwhomightbetheauthor,andsoon.

IstartedwiththeassumptionthatalthoughthetexthadbeenascribedtoSt.ThomasofAquinas,naturallytherewasnoquestionofthat.Iintendedtocontinuebysayingthatitbelongedtothe13thcentury.ButthenIthoughtthatsinceIknewnothingbutquitesuperficialthingsaboutSt.ThomasofAquinas,whyshouldIwritethat!

So,justoutofconscientiousness,Idecidedtolookintootherwritingsofhisand,inordertoberathermoreonthesafeside,toreadabiography,whichhoweverledmetotheunsafeside,forifyoureadsuchabiographyyouwillfindthatattheendofhislife,afewweeksbeforehisdeath,St.Thomassufferedfromaverystrangealterationofhispersonality.Hehadforlongoverworkedandthroughthat,andforcertainotherpsychologicalreasonswhichIwouldliketodiscussindetaillater,hebegantohavestrangestatesofabsent-mindedness.Forinstance,oncewhenreadingMassinpublicinNaples,hesuddenly,althoughaCardinalwaspresent,stoppedinthemiddleandremainedinakindofecstatic,absentmindedstatefortwentyminutesuntil

someoneshookhimandaskedwhatwasthematter,atwhichpointhecametoandexcusedhimself.

Ithasgenerallybeensaidthatthatwasthebeginningofhisillness,whilesomesaythataswellasarationalside,hemusthavehadamysticalstreakinhispersonality,whichbrokethroughfromtimetotimeinthesestrangefitsofabsent-mindedness.Suchconditionsweremorefrequentinhislateryearshediedattheageof49or51,wedon'tknowforsurebecausewedon'tknowexactlywhenhewasbornandthensomethinghappenedwhichhasnever

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beenexplained.HeusedtogetupveryearlyeverymorningandreadMasstohimselfinthechapelofwhatevermonasteryhewasvisiting,forhetravelledallthetime.Hehadafriend,ReginaldofPiperno,averyhumblemonk,whowashisfollowerandpersonalservant,amanwhoworshippedhimandisoneofthemainbiographicalsources.

Thismonkrelatesthatonemorning,asusual,St.ThomasreadMassandwhenhereturnedhewasquitewhite.AstheLatinreportofReginaldliterallysays:''Ithoughthehadbecomecrazy."HewenttohisdeskandpushedasidethepenwithwhichhewaswritinghisSumma,thechapteraboutpenitence;hepushedawayhiswritingutensilsandjustsattherethewholedayinakindofcatatonicstatewithhisheadinhishands.ReginaldofPipernoaskedhimwhyhewasnotwritingandheonlyreplied:"Icannot."Thatcontinuedforseveraldays.Reginaldagainwenttohimandaskedwhyhewasnotwritingandgotthesameanswer:"Nonpossum""Ican't."Aboutfivedayslatertheytriedagaintofindoutwhatwashappeningtohim,forhedidnothingallday,neitherworkednorpreached,butjustsataroundlookingcrazy,andhesaidthathecouldnotwriteforeverythinghehadwrittenseemedtohimtobelikestraw(paleasunt).

Inlaterbiographies,writtenbypeoplewhowerenotpresent,thewords"incomparisonwiththemagnificentvisionsIhavehad"havebeenadded,butthosewordsarenotintheoriginalsources.

ReginaldofPipernobecameveryupsetabouttheconditionofSt.Thomasand,becausehehadalwayshadconversationswithacousin,anItaliancountess,hetookSt.Thomastoherthinkingtherehemightopenupandsaywhathadhappened.Butthecountesssaid:"MyGod,whathashappenedtoFatherThomas,heseemstobecrazy,"forshetoohadthesameimpression.St.Thomashimselfdidnotutterawordduringthewholeofteatime.Butthen,slowly,hereturnedtohis

formerstateofmind,totheextentthathecouldagaintakepartinChurchpoliticsandsuchthings,andheagreedtoattendaChurchcongressinMilan,orinsouthernFrance.

Hewentthereonadonkey.Hewasafat,stoutmanatthattimeandonthewayhehithisheadagainstthebranchofatreeandfell.Itwasaveryhotsummerdayandhejustgotupanddidnotsaymuchabouttheaccident.ThatnighttheystayedinalittlemonasterySantaMariadiFossaNuovaandthereinthedoor-

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wayhesuddenlyfeltillagainandbecamegiddyand,touchingthedoorpost,said:"Thisismydeathcoming,Ishallnotcomeoutofthis."Thenhewenttobed.

ThemonksofSantaMariadiFossaNuova,thinkingtheyhadcaughtsomeonemarvellous,thefamousFatherThomas,botheredhimtogiveaseminarinspiteofthedreadfulstatehewasin.BeingobligedtofollowhisChristianobligations,withhislaststrengthhetriedtodothisand,accordingtotheoldesttraditionsthoughthistoowasomittedinlaterreportshegaveaseminarontheSongofSolomonofallthings!Inthemidstofit,whenheinterpretedthewords,"Come,mybeloved,letusgoforthintothefield,"hedied.

Notesofthisseminarhaveneverbeenfoundandalreadyatthetimeofhiscanonization,in1312,thislastepisodeismoreorlessskipped;nobodyshowedanyinterestinhislastwords,thoughusuallythelastwordsofasaintplayagreatroleinhisbiography.However,inthiscaseeverythingwassmoothedoverwiththeoilofroses!Youwillnotfindthisinanofficialbiography,butintheActaBollandiana,theoriginalLatinsourcesandreportsoftheoldestwitnessesoftheprocessofcanonization.

Afterreadingtheabove,Iconceivedtheterriblesuspicionthatthe"Auroraconsurgens"mightindeedhaveoriginatedinthenotesofSt.Thomas'slastseminar.Asyouwillsee,thetextisaparaphraseoftheSongofSolomonandthelastchapterendsexactlyatthesameplace,whichaccordingtotraditioniswhereFatherThomasdied.

Iwasquiteanxiousaboutmydiscovery,forIthoughtIwouldmakemyselfveryunpopularifIsaidwhatIhadfound.ButafterstrugglingwithmyownvanityandthefeelingthatIshouldmakemyselflookridiculousbysayingsuchthings,Ipublishedthebookasitnowstands,statingthattherewasnoproof,butthattheevidencewas

ratherinfavourofthanagainstmytheory.Uptothepresent,IhavemetwithnoreactionfromChurchpeople,neitherpositivenornegative.TheofficialreactiontowhatIsaidinthebookhassofarbeenabsolutesilence;notasinglespecialisthaspublishedanarticlesayingthatitisallrubbish,andthatthewriterdoesnotevenknowtheABCofSt.Thomas'slife,andsoon.

OfcourseItookagreatdealofcaretoestablishmystatements,asfarasIcould,butnobodyhaseitheracceptedorrejectedwhatIwrote,therehasbeennothingbutanawkwardsilence.Whenthe

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subjectisdiscussedinthePress,itisalwaysinconnectionwithDr.Jung'sfirsttwovolumesofMysteriumConiunctionis;thenitissaidthatthethirdvolume,mine,isaveryinterestingdocumentandmylastchapter,inwhichIspeakofthethingsIamnowtellingyou,issimplyignored.Iamstillwaitingtoseewhatwillhappenitseemstobeadelayedtimebomb!Also,Iloadedthebookwithsomanylearnedfootnotesthatthatrathercoversup,andmostpeopleseemtobetoolazytoreadtotheend.Ididthatonpurpose.ItwaslikequietlyanddiscreetlyputtingabombintheVatican!

Thereisoneexception:aDominicanFatherandteacheroftheologyhasreactedverypositively.HeisaspecialistonSt.Thomasandhesaidthatitmadecompletesensetohim,thattherewasnothingthatcouldnotbeacceptedinsuchahypothesisifonewerebroad-minded.

Question:YouhavenowayofknowingwhethertheformerPopeeversawit?

Dr.vonFranz:No,Idon'tthinkheeverdid.Ididthinkofsendinghimacopywithadedication,butdidnotdoso.IhadtowritetohimforpermissiontousetheVaticanLibrary,addressingmyletter"alasuaSanctita"toHisHolinessandIwasverymuchimpressedbyhavingtoaddresshimlikethat,butthatwasapureformality.

Question:HewasacquaintedwiththewritingsofJung,wasn'the,andwasfriendlytohim?In"TheSymbolicLife"JungsayshehadthePope'sblessing.

Dr.vonFranz:Thatisratherindirect.IcanonlytellyouthattherehasbeenalotoftalkandthatDr.Junghasnottoldmeanythingaboutthis.ThelatePopecertainlyhadapositiveattitudetopsychologyingeneral;hestatedinoneofhisintroductionstoaCongressofPsychologyinRomethatherecommendedthestudyofpsychology,

andamongthedifferentpsychologies,theFreudianandothers,heseemstohavehadratheraleaningtowardsJungianpsychology.

Iwouldratherlikenowtogiveashorttranslationofsomepartsofthetext.Ishallnotbeabletodoitallforitamountstosomefiftypages,butIcanextractthemostimportantparts.

ThefirstfivechaptersareallconcernedwiththeapparitionofafemalefigurecalledtheWisdomofGod.IntheBooksofWisdom

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54.Sapientia(Sophia,theWisdomofGod)asmotherofthewise.

whicharealllatematerialintheOldTestamentandinfluencedbyGnosticthoughtandGnosticism,fromaboutthe2ndcenturyB.C.tillthe1stcenturyA.D.inthosevariouswritings,liketheProverbs,thereisapersonificationoftheWisdomofGodwhoappearsasafemininefigure.ShewaswithGodandplayedbeforehimbeforetheworldandmankindwerecreated.ThisWisdomofGodismixedupwiththeGnosticideaoftheSophia.

ThisfemalepersonificationwasanawkwardfigureforChristiantheologians.Whatisshe?InthelatewritingsoftheOldTestamentthereappearsakindofbrideorwifeofGodthereiscertainlyafemalefigurebutwhowasshe?TheusualmedievalattitudewasthatshewasidenticalwiththeHolyGhost,justafeminineaspect,andwherevertheWisdomofGodwasmentionedoneshouldreallyreadtheHolyGhost,butsomesawherasthesoulofChristanimaChristiwhoalreadyexistedbeforeChristincarnated,andinthatwaywasidenticalwiththeformofChristastheeternalword,theLogos,withGodfrom

alltime,andbeforehisincarnationasJesus

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55.GodtheFatherasLogoscreatingthezodiac."TheLogoswouldrepresentthestructuralelementoftheunconsciousstructureandmeaningwhileinthe

femininequalificationthereismoretheideaofitspictorial,emotionalmanifestation."vonFranz.

Christ,butheretheWisdomofGodhasbeenlookedonasbeingthesamething,andtoexplainthefemininitytheexpression"thesoulofChrist"isusedtheanimaChristi.

Thethirdexplanation,whichtomymindisthemostinteresting,isthatsherepresentsthesumofallarchetypesthisismedievallanguage,IamnotprojectingJungianwordsthearchetypi,ortheeternalideasinGod'smindwhenHecreatedtheworld.Theyexplainitlikethis:whenGodcreatedtheworld,likeagoodarchitectHefirstconceivedaplaninwhicheverythingtrees,animals,insects,andsoonwaspresentasanidea.Beforetherewerethousandsofbearsinthisworld,therewastheideaofabearinGod'smind,andbeforethereweremillionsofoaktrees,therewastheideaofanoaktree.

ThatideaofanoaktreeinGod'smindwouldbethearchetyposorrationesaeternaeorideae,theeternalplansorideas.Godconceived

theworldandthencastHisideaintomatterandcreatedtherealworld.IfwetranslatethisintopsychologicallanguageitwouldmeanthattheWisdomofGodrepresentsthecollectiveunconscious,thesumofalltheoriginalideapatternsofrealitybutthatwouldbethefemininesideoftheGodhead.

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Question:Howisthistobereconciledwiththeideathattheword,theidea,theLogos,isconnectedwiththemasculinewhilethefeminineisconnectedwithmatter,materialization?Adifferentiationbetweenthearchetypeandthearchetypalimageshouldsurelybemadehere.

Dr.vonFranz:Idonotthinkthatcomesinyet.IwouldsaythatintheLogosideatheaccentisontheonenessandthespiritualorder,andinthefeminineparalleltheaccentisonthemultipliedandmoreimagedtype.Thatisthenuance.Thearchetypalimagedoesnotcomeinyet,thatisreallyalaterstage.Speakinginmedievalscholasticterms,thatwouldbetheunusmundus,apurelyspiritualexistencethathasnotyetbecomeanimageinanybody'smind,savethatofGod.

Iwouldrathermakethisdistinction:somepeopleexperienceandaremostimpressedbytheunconsciousthroughitsspiritualorderedness,forinstanceinthemeaningofadreamandthat,bytheway,wouldbemorethethinkingtype.ThoughIinterpretagoodmanydreamsadaywithdifferentpeople,Iamalwaysoverwhelmedbythemarvellousstructureofthedream.Thereisanexposition,andtheninacunningwaythepicturesaremixed,andthemeaningbecomesclear.BecauseIamathinkingtype,Iadmirethethinkingintheunconscious,thewonderfulstructureofit.

IfIweremoreafeelingtype,perhapsartisticallyinclined,then,asIoftenseeinmyanalysands,Iwouldbemoreimpressedbythebeautyofadreampicture,bythefeelingimpressivenessofonedreamelement.WhenIsay:"Isn'tthatdreamstructuredwonderfully?"ananalysandmaysay,"Yes,yes,"butbemoreimpressedbythevividimageortheimpressiveemotionaltone.AmorerationalLogostypeisimpressedbythewonderfulstructureofsomethingwhichonemightexpecttobecompletelyirrational.Thelogicofadreamissomethingwhichalwaysamazesme,thefantasticlogicinthoseseriesofimages.

IwouldthereforesaythattheLogoswouldrepresentthestructuralelementoftheunconsciousstructureandmeaningwhileinthefemininequalificationthereismoretheideaofitspictorial,emotionalmanifestation.Iwouldrathercomparethemtoeachotherinthatway.Butbothmeantheunconsciousinourterms,andeventhosescholasticauthorssayitisjustamannerofspeakingitcanbecalledtheSophia,oritcanbecalledtheLogos,fortheyareoneandthesamething,ortwoaspectsofthesame

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thingtothem,andwecouldagreecompletelywiththiskindofteaching.

Thethirdtheory,whichexistedalreadyintheMiddleAges,comesfromtheArabs.AvicennathefamousArabicphilosopherIbnSina,whowasknowninEuropeanliteratureasAvicennadevelopedanAristotelianideaabouttheso-callednouspoiétikos,whichisthefollowing:Withinthecosmicrealityoftheworldisacreativeintelligencewhichexistsinthingsthemselves;itexistsinthecosmos,itiscreatedbyGod.GodcreatedtheworldandinitHecreatedacreativespiritor,asgenerallyinterpreted,acreativeintelligencewhichisresponsibleforthemeaningfulnessofcosmicevents.Thismeaningfulnessthefactthatthecosmosisneitherchaosnoranenginewhichjustcontinuesinaccordancewithcausallaws,butisalsoamysteryinwhichmeaningfulsynchronicitiestakeplacewasattributedtothenouspoétikos.

St.AlberttheGreatandSt.Thomas,hispupil,dugupthewritingsofIbnSinaandgotintogreatdifficultiesbecausetheywereabsolutelyfascinatedbytheideaofthemeaningfulnessofthecosmos,thenotionthatthecosmoshasanintelligence,andtheydidnotknowhowtoreconcileitwiththeirChristianideas.St.Albertwasanintuitiveandagreatgenius,butnotaveryaccuratethinker,andhejustremarkedhappilythatthatwassomethingliketheHolyGhost.St.Thomas,whowasathinkingtype,couldnotcompletelyswallowthatandhethereforecutthenousintotwo,sayingthatinpartthenouspoiétikoswasnotinthecosmosbutinthehumanmind,ofwhichitwasthebasisinmoderntermswewouldcallitthebasisofthemysteryofconsciousnessandtheotherhalf,St.Thomassaid,wassimplytheWisdomofGod.

ThushecuttheIslamicconceptintotwoparts,puttingoneintoman

andtheotherintotheWisdomofGod.Thatisveryinteresting,fororiginallytheintelligence,themeaningfulnessorspiritualorder,oftheworldwasprojectedoutside.Medievalpeople,likeprimitives,didnotrealizethatweseetheorderthroughourminds.Causalityisnotsomethingwhichexists,itissimplythewayinwhichweexplainthesequenceofevents,aphilosophicalcategory.Thesamethingappliestosynchronicity,buttheconnectionofthesequenceofeventsinthemselvesisnotknowntous.

Peopleinmedievaltimesstillthoughtthatcausality,etc.,existedobjectivelyintheouterworldandthatthereforetheouterworldhadanintelligence,whichwasnottoostupidanidea.Theideaof

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theintelligenceoftheworldstruckthemverymuchandthroughittheywereabletounderstandwhyGodhadcreatedtheworldanditsmeaningfulconnections.ThenSt.Thomasintrojected,orwithdrew,thisprojectionandrealizedthat,inpart,itisaquestionofourownmentaloperationsforthereisnomeaningfulnessunlessweseeitandifnobodycandescribecausalitythenitdoesnotexist.Bothdependonthemindwhichobservesandcandescribe.

ThusSt.Thomastookthemodernstepofintrojectingthetheoriesofnaturalscience,realizingthatthetermsweusecomefromourownminds.Beingagreatthinker,hewentevenfurtherandaskedwhyourownmindsproducedsuchideasasmeaningfulconnectionsandthisheattributedtothenouspoiétikos.Thisisthestateofconsciousnessofthemanwhoperhapswrotethetextwearenowconsidering.

Thetextcontinues:

Allgoodthingscametomethroughher,theWisdomoftheSouth[literally,thesouthwind],whichcomplainsinthestreets,callingtothepeople,andwhichspeaksattheentrancetothetown:"Cometomeandbeilluminatedandyouroperationswillnotbeashamed.Allyoupeoplewhowantmeshallbefilledwithmyriches."

Come,mysons,andlisten,forIwillteachyoutheWisdomofGod,whoiswiseandwhounderstandsthataboutwhichAlphidiussaysthatadultpeopleandchildrenpassitinthestreet,thatitisstampedintothedungeverydaybytheanimalsthere,andofwhichSeniorsaysnothingisoutwardlymoredespisedandnothinginnaturemorepreciousandGodhasnotgivenittobeboughtwithmoney.

She,theWisdom,isthatwhichSolomonsaysoneshoulduseasalightandheplaceditaboveallbeautyandallsalvation,foreventhevalueofgemsanddiamondswasnotcomparabletohervalue.Goldincomparisonwithherisassand,andsilverincomparisonwithherlikeclay.Thatisverytrue,becausetogetherismoreimportantthanthepurestgoldandsilver.

Herfruitsaremorepreciousthantherichesofthewholeworldandeverythingyoumaywantcannotbecomparedwithher.

Longlifeandhealthareinherrighthandandgloryandimmenserichesinherleft.Herwaysarebeautifulandpraiseworthyworksandneitherdespicablenorbad,andherpathsaremeasuredandnothasty,butconnectedwithpersistentcontinuoushardwork.Sheisthetreeoflifeforeverybodywhounderstandsherandalightwhichisneverextinguished.

BlessedarethosewhohaveunderstoodherbecausetheWisdomofGodwillneverpassaway,towhichAlphidiustestifieswhenhesaysthathewhohasoncefoundthisWisdomwillhavelegitimateeternalnourishmentfromher.Hermesandtheotherphilosopherssaythatifamanhadthisknowledge[herethewordknowledgeisusedinsteadofwisdom]forathousandyearsandhadtonourishseventhousandpeopledaily,hewould

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56.TheWisdomasvirginandtreeoflife.

stillhaveenough,andSeniorsaysthatsuchamanisasrichasthemanwhopossessesthephilosopher'sstonefromwhichyoucanget,andsogive,firetowhomeveryouwish.[Youknowthatifyouhaveafirestonethenyoucanalwaysreproducefirewithoutanyloss.]

Aristotlesaysthesamethinginthesecondbook,"AbouttheSoul,"wherehewritesthattherearelimitstothesizeandgrowthofeverynaturalthingbutthefirecangroweternallyifgivenfurthernourishment.Blessedarethepeoplewhofindthisscience[nowheusesthewordscienceinsteadofwisdom,buthemeansthesamething]andtowhomtheintelligenceofSaturnflows.Thinkofherinallthywaysandsheherselfwillleadyou.

Seniorsaysonlythewiseandtheintellectual,andthemanwhothinksaccuratelyandtheinventiveman,canunderstandher,andonlyaftertheirspirithasbeenclarifiedfromthebookoftheaggregation.Becausethenthemindofsuchapersonbeginstoflowandfollowitsdesire[here,fordesire,

thewordconcupiscenceisused,averyshockingwordforamedievalmonk].Blessedarethosewhothinkuponmywords.

AndSolomonsaid:"Mychild,hangherroundyourneckandwriteher

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onthetabletsofyourheartandyouwillfind."SaytotheWisdomyouaremysisterandcallheryourfriend.Tothinkaboutherisasubtleperfectionwhichcompletelyfollowsnatureandbringswisdomtoperfection.[Suddenlythetextshiftsandmanhastoaddperfectiontowisdom,theWisdomofGod.Sheisthemostperfectthingandinspiteofthatmanhastoaddwisdomtoher.]

Thosewhostayawakeforherdayandnightwillsoonbesecure.Sheisveryclearforthosewhohaveinsightandsheneverfadesandpassesaway.Sheseemseasytothosewhoknowofher,forsheherselfgoesaroundandseekstheoneworthyofher.Shegoestowardshimfullofpleasureandmeetshimineachprovidence,becauseherbeginningisthetruestnaturefromwhichnodeceitcomes.

Noticetheelatedpoeticallanguageandthemanyallusionstodifferentbiblicalquotations.IfyouknowyourBiblewell,abellwillconstantlyringinyourears.ThequotationsarechieflyfromtheVulgateandtherefore,naturally,formulatedalittlebitdifferentlythanintheEnglishBible.

AtfirstoneisratherpuzzledbecausethereisaparaphraseofthewordsoftheWisdomofGod.Sheappearsinthestreets,shecallsformen.ThatistakenfromtheBible,asyouknow.ItisprincipallyinJesusSirachandtheProverbs.Thenifyoulistencarefullyyounoticesomethingverystrange.Namely,firstthereistheWisdomofGodasafemininebeingwhocallspeopletowardshersaying:"Comeandlistentome."Andthenthethoughtshifts,anditsays:"Thisisthethingwhichistroddenuponinthestreets,itisdespisedbyeverybody."

Thatisanalchemicalquotationandrefersintheoriginaltexttothephilosopher'sstone.SowhoeverknowsthisquotationknowsthatthewriterfromtheverybeginningofhistextidentifiestheWisdomofGodwiththephilosopher'sstone,thattohimtheyareoneandthesamething.Hemusthavehadanexperienceaboutwhichhefeltthat

whathadenteredhimandgothimwaswhatthealchemistscallthephilosopher'sstone.

Hegoesontoquoteafewmorealchemists,Senior,etc.,aboutherbeingverypreciousbutdespisedbyordinarypeople,andthereisalongcomparisontoshowhowmuchmoreprecioussheisthanworldlygoods.Thentherecomesanonbiblicalallusiontothefactthatonehastoworkaverylongtimetofindher,andthefactthatsheisakindofeternalnourishment,orsomethinglikefirewhichcanlightotherfires,andthensuddenlyitsaysthattofindheronlyonethingisneeded,namelyasubtleperceptionofthetruenature.

Thatisfollowedbyanevenmorestrikingquotationfromour

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friendSenior:''Ifyoudothat,thenyourmindwillbegintoflowandfollowitsconcupiscence."Concupiscence,inmedievalscholasticlanguage,meanstheordinaryappetitessexualdesires,desireforfood,andsoon,butmainlysexualdesire,theplain,vulgarbasisofhigherlove.St.Thomashimselfhadatheoryoflove,namelythatitalwaysbeganwithconcupiscenceandhadtobesublimatedintotheloveofGod.

Eitherwecannotunderstandthistextatallandjustsaythatitisbeyondus,orwemustlookatitlikeadream.Wecantakeitasthoughitwereadocumentfromtheunconscious,inwhichcaseitsmeaningbecomesclear:thecollectiveunconscioushasbrokenintothatman'smindandhasinvadedit,intheformofafemininepersonificationwhichhefelttobetheWisdomofGodyouwillseelaterthathethinkstheWisdomofGodandGodareone.AfeminineaspectofGodhasoverwhelmedhim,andhesaysyougetatthisbyobservingnatureinasubtlewayandbyfollowingyourowninnerdesire,thatis,itisasubtletruthwhichanyonewhohasthesimplicityofmindtofollowhisowndesirecanfind.Ifitmeansanything,itmeansanoverwhelmingexperienceoftheunconsciouswithintheformofafemininepersonification.

Fromthefeelingofthetext,Ithink,andIhopeyouwillagreewithme,thatthisisnotaninventionoftheintellect.Itfeelstomeratherasthoughithadbeenwrittenbysomeonewhowasfirstoverwhelmedbysuchanexperience,andafterwardstriedtoexpressitbythosebiblicalandalchemicalquotations.Suchathingcanbeobserved,forinstance,intheoutbreakofapsychosis.

Oneofthemostdestructivesyndromesinapsychoticintervaloccurswhenpeopleareoverwhelmedbyemotionalorhallucinatoryexperiencesandcannotexpressthem.Assoonastheyareabletotell

someone,theyarenolongercompletelypsychotic,thenthefirststageisover.Iftheycansaysomethingaboutit,andcandescribeiteveninastammeringwayorsymbolically,iftheycangetitoutinsomeformthentheyarenolongerlostandthehealingprocessisalreadyunderway.

Theworstiswhenthethingissooverwhelmingthattheysimplyturnwhiteandsinkintobedandbecomecatatonic.Oneknowstheyaregoingthroughthemosttremendousinnerexperiences,butoutwardlytheylieinbedlikeapieceofwoodandrefusenourishment.Whentheygetexcitedandbegintostammerandspeakofwhattheyhaveseen,thatisalreadyanimprovementforthentheyhavefoundamodeofexpression.

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57.Flaming,invertedheart,symbolisingreligiousdevotionandtranscendent

wisdom,byJakobBoehme.

Itisthereforeextremelyimportant,ifyouhavetoreckonwithsuchapossibility,thatyoutreatsuchpeopleasthoughtheyhadalatentpsychosisandprovidethemwithatremendousamountofsymbolicknowledge.Intosuchpeople,ifyoususpectapossibleoutbreakorinvasionofthecollectiveunconscious,youmustforceasmuchsymbolicknowledgeasyoucan,makingthemreadJakobBoehmeandalchemicaltextsandmythologyasmuchaspossible.Theywillnotknowwhyandmighteventhinkitratherstrange,buttheniftheoverwhelmingexperiencecomestheycanperhapsexpressit,oratleastdescribeit.Ifyoucandothatwellenough,thatis,preparethegroundbysymbolicunderstandingaheadoftime,eventhoughtheydonotknowitsuse,thenwhentheexperiencecomestheyhaveanetinwhichtocatchandre-expressit.

Dr.Jungtoldmethatheoncehadacaseofaveryrational,narrow-mindedwomandoctor,aforeignmedicaldoctorwhohadstudiedpsychiatryandwhowantedtohaveatraininganalysis.Heatoncerecognizedthatshehadalatentpsychosisandthatthesituationwas

prettydangerous.Insteadofgivingheranordinarytraininganalysis,herammedintoherasmuchsymbolicknowledgeashecould:thehistoryofreligion,mythology,asmuchalchemyasheknewthen,andsoon.Duetoherstrongtransferenceshe

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swallowedallthisbutdidnotquiteseewhatithadtodowithher.

Thenshewentbacktoherowncountryandsuddenlythethingexplodedandshejumpedoutthewindowofthehospitalwhereshewasworking.Sheonlybrokebothlegsbutwhenbroughtbackintothehospitalshewasravingmad,andhadcompletelydisappearedintoapsychoticepisode.ThedoctorwhotreatedherwroteDr.Jungaboutthedevelopmentofthecaseanddescribedhowafterthreedaysofbeingwhatonecouldcallcompletelymadandtalkingcompletelypsychoticstuff,sheapparentlybegantoremembersomeofthesymbolicthingsshehadreadandwhatJunghadsaidaboutthem.Shebegantobringthatintoorderandaroundthisformedthenucleusofanewegopersonality.

Afterthreeweeksshewasrightoutofitandquitenormal.Whatshehadheardandreadearliernowcametoherrescue,andenabledhertocontainthatoverwhelmingemotionalexperienceintheframeworkofasymbolicpsychologicalunderstanding.Sherecovered,andaccordingtothecorrespondenceJunghadwithherformanyyearsheneversawheragainpersonally,forshecamefromafarawaycountrysheneverhadarelapse;thatwasheronlypsychoticepisodeandthereiseveryreasontobelievethatthethingisnowreallyintegrated,thatsheiscured.

Soyouseehowaknowledgeofsymbolismisanet,sotospeak,inwhichonecanatleastcatchtheunspeakablemysteryofanimmediateexperienceoftheunconscious.Ithinkourauthorhadsuchanindescribableandoverwhelmingexperienceoftheunconsciousandthathetried,inaratherchaoticway,throughapotpourriofbiblicalandalchemicalquotations,tocatchanddescribethathadhappenedtohim.

Remark:Iamwonderinghowtoreconcilewhatyoujustsaidabout

beingabletoexpresstheseexperienceswithwhatyousaidinanearliercourse,maybelastyear,whenyousaidthatifpsychoticswouldonlynottalkthennoonewouldknowaboutit.

Dr.vonFranz:Thatisverysimple.Imeantthattheyshouldnotspeakaboutsuchthingstopeopleingeneral,butitwouldbeallrightwiththeiranalyst.IfourauthorweretoproclaimonthestreetthattheWisdomofGodhadvisitedhimandthathenowknewallaboutit,thatwouldnotbetherightthing,butheseemstohavewrittenapaper,ortohavegivenasemináronit,orifitwasSt.Thomas'slastseminarthenhewasinacomaandjusttalked

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approximatelyinthisway.Idon'tthinkSt.Thomascouldwriteanymore,sothismusthavebeenwrittenupfromnotestaken,whichwouldfitinwiththefactthatthemanuscriptsareverydifferent,somericherandotherspoorer.Thereisaverygreatdifferenceevenintheoldestmanuscripts.

WehavenotesofotherlecturesgivenbySt.Thomas.Itwasusualatthattimetotakeseminarnotesandseveralofhiswritingshaveonlybeencollectedinthatwaybyhispupils;Iwouldimaginethathetalked,astheoriginalreportsays,inahalf-ecstaticwayand,whenveryweak,abouttheSongofSolomon.Insuchacaseyoucouldnotsaythatheshouldholdhistongue,buttheeffectwasthatlateronthispartofhislifeandwhathesaidatthetimewerejustsetaside.WilhelmofToccoandReginaldofPiperno,theearliestbiographers,recordtheevents,butthelaterbiographiesdonotmentionthem,becausehowcouldthisgreatmanwithhismarvellous,clear,rationalmindsaysuchthingsonhisdeathbedeveninahalf-coma?

Normalornotinternedpersonswhohadhadsuchanexperiencewouldhavekeptittothemselves,ortoldittoafewpeoplewhowouldhaveunderstood.IfonehasalreadybrokendownandisinBurghölzliorsomeothermentalhospital,thenitmustbetoldtosomeonewhowilllisten,whichisbetterthanlyinginbedandsayingnothing,thatIthinkwouldbequitewrong.Theonecaseismuchfurthergonethantheother.Besides,thiskindofspeechisnotaddressedtoanyoneperson.Itisinthestyleofanannouncement,akindofecstaticannouncement:"NowIwillteachyoutheWisdomofGod...."Onerecognizessuchastyle!Onehasnotnecessarilycrossedtheborderlineifoneusessuchlanguage,becausethatisthestyleoftheunconscious.

Irememberwhendoingoneofmyfirstpiecesofactiveimagination

thatafigurecamewhichhadsuchamarvellousfeelingandmadesuchannouncements,andIsimplycouldnotwritethemdown!ItseemedtomesodisgustingthatIjustblocked,butDr.Jungsaidthatthatwasthestyleoftheunconscious.Itisinverybadtaste,ifyouwanttojudgeitthatway.Inoneyoungman'sactiveimaginationtheHolyGhostappearedpersonallyandspokeasonewouldimagineitwould,andthepoorman'sstomachnearlyturnedathavingtowritedownsuchpompousstuff.

Thereissomethingscepticalinusandinourdown-to-earthnaturewhichcannotstickit,butthatisthestyleoftheunconscious

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andexplainswhy,assoonaspeoplefallintoit,theyspeakwithconvictionandbegintohavethispompous,emotionallyimpressivestyle.Itiscarriedbythewholeemotionandisaritualisticorsacramentalstyle,likethosebeautifulsongsoftheNorthAmericanIndians,withalotofrepetitionandthreeAmens,andsoon.Whendeeperemotionallayersaretouchedupon,onejusthastoacceptthis.Onecanstillobservedispassionately,butifsuchthingsaretobeallowedexpressionintheiroriginalformonemustallowfortheverypompousandemotionalwayofspeaking.ThatIthinkiswhyherethereisthispreaching,ecstaticstyle.

Iwouldliketoskipthenextchapterforitisverydisgusting.Itsaysthatyoushouldlovethelightofwisdombecausethenyouwillruletheworld,thatitisasacramentofGodwhichoneshouldnotbetraytothecommonpeoplebecauseeverybodywouldbecomejealous,andsoon.Onlyattheendisitabitbetterwhereitsaysifonefindsthissecretthenonesays:

Behappy,Jerusalem,cometogetherinpleasurebecauseGodhashadpityonthepoor,andSeniorsaysthereisastonewhichifsomebodyfindshewillputoverhiseyesandneverthrowawaybecauseitistheelixirwhichdrivesawayalldistressand,besidesGod,manhasnobetterthing.

Whathashappenedtothemanhere?Youcanprobablyseewhatitissincehespeaksaboutrulingtheworldandsaysthecommonpeopleshouldnotbetold.Whospeakslikethat?

Answer:Someoneinaninflation.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,hehasaninflationinthischapter.TheexperienceoftheWisdomofGodwasoverwhelming,andnowastheonewhohadthatexperienceandknowsallaboutitheisnaturallythegreatman.Atonceyougetthearrogantundertoneofonewhoiselected,othersbeingallfoolsandjealous.Thesearetypicalsymptomsofan

inflationandunavoidableaftersuchanexperience.Idonotthinkanyhumanbeingcanhavesuchanexperiencewithoutforamomentgoingthroughsuchastage;itbelongstotheexperience,thepointisonlywhetheroneremainsinit.

Thenextchapterisevenworse.Itspeaksofthosewhodonotknowthisscienceandwhodenyit.

ThisscienceofGodandteachingofthesaints,thesecretofthephilosophersandelixirofthedoctors,isdespisedbyfoolswhodonotknowwhatitis.TheyrejecttheblessingofGodanditisbetterthatthey

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58.Thealchemistandhissorormystica(psychologicallyhissoul)holdingthekeystothework,hererepresentedasfreeingthesoulfromthefettersofthebody(separatio),whichJunginterprets

as"awithdrawalofthenaiveprojectionsbywhichwehavemouldedboththerealityaroundusandtheimageofourowncharacter."

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shouldnotgetitbecausewhoeverdoesnotknowaboutthisisitsenemy,whichiswhySpeculatorsaysthatmockingthisscienceisthecauseofallignoranceandthatoneshouldnotgivesaladtodonkeyswhoaresatisfiedwiththistles,andpearlsshouldnotbethrownbeforeswine,etc.Oneshouldspeaktofoolsasonewouldtopeoplewhoareasleepandoneshouldneverputthemonalevelwiththewiseman.Therewillalwaysbepovertyandunhappinessintheworldbecausethenumberoffoolsisimmenselygreat.

Theretheinflationreachesitsheight.Afterwardscomesaratherdrychapterwhichshowsachangeinthepsychologicalsituation.Verydrylyhesaysthatthetitleofhisbookis"TheRisingDawn,"forfourreasons:

Firsttheword"aurora"[dawn]couldbeexplainedas"aureahora"[thegoldenhourthatisaplayonwordsintheLatin],becausethereisacertaingoodmomentinthisopuswhenonecanreachone'sgoal;secondly,thedawnisbetweendayandnightandhastwocolours,namelyyellowandred,andthusourscience,oralchemy,producestheyellowandtheredcolours,whicharebetweenblackandwhite.

Thatisclassicalalchemicalknowledgeaboutthenigredo-albedorubedo-citrinitas,thefourstagesofcolour,andthedawnwouldbethecomingupoftheyellow-redcolour,thefulfillmentofthealchemicalwork.

Thirdly,inthedawnsickpeoplewhohavesufferedthroughthewholenightgenerallyfeelabitbetterandfallasleepandthus,inthedawnofourscience,theevilodourswhichdisturbandinfectthemindoftheworkingalchemistdisappearjustasthepsalmsays:"Weepingmayendureforanight,butjoycomethinthemorning"(Psalm30:5).Andfourthly,thedawncomesattheendofthenight,asthebeginningofthedayorthemotherofthesun,andtheclimaxofouralchemicalworkistheendofalldarknessofthenightinwhichifamanwalkshestumbleth(St.John10:10),whichiswhyitsaysinthescriptures:"Dayuntodayutterethspeech,andnightuntonightshowethknowledge"(Psalm19:2),and"...

thenightshinethastheday:thedarknessandthelightarealiketothee."

Thislastquotation(Psalm39intheVulgate)isthepsalmwhichissungthenightbeforeEasterDayintheCatholicChurch,wherethenightturnstolightandbecomesaslightasdayandsoon.SowemustcertainlysuspectthatevenifitisnotSt.Thomas,thismanisaCatholicpriest,forprobablynobodyelsecouldquotetheBiblesofluently.HealludestheretotheMissaoftheEasterNight,andcomparesthedawnofthescience,therisingdawn,withthenightbeforeEaster,themomentofrebirthandtheresurrectionofChrist.

Asfarasthestateoftheauthorisconcerned,youseethatnow

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59.Alchemistaspriest."Youseewhatanofficialcreed,orreligiousattitude,isgoodfor:itisaboatintowhichonecanretirewhenthesharksattack....

whentheinfluxoftheunconsciousbecomestoostrong."vonFranz.AttheleftisMotherEarthsucklingtheMercurius-child,indicating

thatnaturelooksafterherown.

theecstaticstylehascompletelyceasedandbecomeslightlypedantic.TheAuroraforfourreasonsiscalledso-and-so.ThereforeIwouldsaythathehasgotoutofhisinflationandreturnedtoarelativelysoberstateofconsciousnessandnowtriestobringorderintohisexperience.

Thisorderisverytypicallyfourfold.Hegivesfourexplanationsoftheword"dawn"fourreasons.Everytimeconsciousnesstriestoestablishitself,itputsafourfoldorderontothings;thatisthenetwithwhichitcatchesthingsandbringsthemintoorder,andhethereforenowtriestogiveafourfoldexplanationoftherisingdawn.ThedawnistheWisdomofGod,asweshallseelater,sohetriestoputsomedistancebetweenwhathashappenedtohimandseewhatitis;hehasmettherisingdawnandcandescribeitwithfourreasons.

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Hisexplanationseemstometobeverysuperficial.Firsthemakesaplayonwordsaurora,aureahoraandthenhecomparesittothemorningdawnwhenpeoplefallasleepafterabadnightofsickness.Whatdoyouthinkofthis?

Answer:Itsoundslikeathinkingcompensationfortheemotionalexcess.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,butonewhichgoestoofar.Thathappensveryofteninschizophrenicstages.Thereisaplayonwords,thenscurrilitiesappearandthereisasuddenverynastylightheartedness.Itisacompensationforhavingbeenpulledtoodeeplyintotheemotions.Itisunderstandableasanactofcompensationortoescapetheemotion,buttotheonlookeritisjustdisgusting.Ahumanbeinghashadthedeepestinnerexperience,inwhichoneparticipateswithone'sfeeling,andthenthatsamepersoncomesonedayandsaysitisallrubbish!

Ihavenoticedthatpracticallyeverytimewhensomebodyhasfallentoodeeplyintotheunconscious.Itisthedefencemechanismofaweakconsciousnessagainstatoo-overwhelmingexperience.Iwouldliketodescribeitasschizoidtakingseriousthingsverylightly,laughingthemoffalmostinacynicalwaybutitisthecompensationforhavingbeenpulledintoodeeply.Herewehavesuchaflatreaction.

Inextremecasesthereoccurswhatdoctorsandpsychiatristsevenwanttoreach,namelythe"regressiverestorationofthepersona,"whenpeoplesaythatalltheyhaveseenwasapartoftheirillnessandthattheywillneverthinkofitagain.Theyburythewholeexperienceandgooutandtrytoadaptsocially;theytakeonanofficejobandwantnevertoberemindedofwhattheysaidandthoughtinthatstage.Theyusuallygotoanothertownsoasnottomeetthesamepeople,

andiftheymentionthattimeatallitisassomethingthathappenedwhentheywereill.

Theexperienceisabsolutelyrejected,becauseitistoohot.Itseffectatfirstwastoostrongandafterwards,whenperhapsbyshocktherapytheyhavegotoutofthatstate,thenasaruletherecomesthisflatattitude.Ifwithouttherapyyougetpeopleoutofsuchastate,throughlargactylorsomesuchremedy,orelectroshock,thengenerallythatisthereaction.Suchpeopleareashamedoftheirpastwhentheywerecrazy;theyadapttorealityinasuperficial,flatwayandifyoumeetthemtheyboreyou.Youhavethefeelingtheyhave

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becomeboringlynormalallthegistandvitalityofthepersonalityhavegone.

Here,thankGod,itisjustatemporaryphaseandthatissomethingwhichoftenhappensandwhichonecanunderstand.Itisanormalrhythminhumanreactions,illustratedforinstanceintheclassicalantiqueplayswherethreetragediesaresucceededbyacomedy.OnecouldnotgohomeafterhavingseenSophocles'OedipusRexandtwootherslikeit;therehadtobeoneofAristophanes'comediesattheendsothateverybodywouldroarwithlaughter.Orthereisthetypicalmechanismwhereattheheightofaverydramaticfuneralonesuddenlyseessomethingfunnyandhasanervousreactionwantingtolaugh.Itistheclimaxofexcitementwhichturnsintothewishtolaughonecannotstandtoomuchofsuchanexaggeratedtragicconditionsothatoccasionallyoneiscompelledtomakefunotit.

ThatalsoaccountsfortheMockMassoftheMiddleAges.For364daysoftheyeartheMassandtheHostweretakenveryseriouslyandononedayitwasjusttakenasajoke.Or,intheNorthAmericanIndianritual,thereisaclownwhobelongstotheThunderbirdclan,whomakesfunoftheholiestceremonies,makingobsceneremarksandjokesaboutthem;thatshowshowtheclimaxofexcitementinnormalpeoplearousesthedesireforsomekindofcompensation.Sothereactionoftheschizoidwhoisthreatenedbytheunconsciousisquitenormal.

Wehaveathomeamaidwhoseesghostsandcanspeakmostgraphicallyofherexperiences.Toheritistheabsoluterealityinwhichshelivesandshetalkstotheghostsforhours.Itisagreatsecretintowhichonehasfirsttobeadmittedandthenshewillspeakofitwithgreatemotion,butsheneverendssuchaconversationtoreturntoherhouseholddutieswithoutsaying:"Ohwell,youknow,

ghostsdonotexist,thatisallrubbish!"Andthenshegivesabroadgrinandgoesbacktoherwork.Thatremarkissimplyaritedesortie,forshecannotswitchimmediatelyfromherexperiencewiththeghoststoboilingthepotatoes;theritedesortieisherreleasefromsomethingwhichhasmovedherdeeply.Mostpeoplewhentheygettoodramatic,iftheyhaveanysenseofhumour,dothesamekindofthing.

Thenextchapterisentitled"ExcitingtheIgnoranttoSearchforWisdom."

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DoyounotheartheWisdomandisnottheclevernessunderstandableinthebooksofthewisewhenshesays:''Ohyoumen,Icalltoyouandcallthesonsofunderstanding.Understandtheparableanditsinterpretation,understandthewordofthewiseanditsriddle.Thewisehaveusedallkindsofexpressionsmakingcomparisonswithallthethingsontheearthtoincreasethiswisdom.Ifawisemanhearsthewisepeoplehewillbecomemoreunderstandingandhewillknowit."

ThisistheWisdom,QueenoftheSouth,whohascomefromtheeastliketherisingdawntohearandunderstandthewisdomofSolomon.Inherhandispower,honour,glory,andthekingdom.Shehasacrownoftwelveshiningstarsonherheadlikeabridedecoratedforherbridegroom,andonhergarmentthereisagoldeninscriptioninGreek[inArabicprobably]andLatin:"AsaqueenIwillruleandmykingdomwillnotcometoanendforthosewhofindmewithsubtletyandthespiritofinventionandconstancy."

Nowtheauthortriestodealwithhisexperienceinanotherwayhesuddenlyunderstandsthatallthesymbolictextshehasreadbefore,intheBibleandinalchemy,pointtothatsameexperience.Heprobablyisnowcapableofreadingalchemicaltextsandfeelingthatheknowswhattheymean,forhecanlinkthemupwithhisownexperienceandhethinksthattheentireBibleandthewholealchemicaltraditionissymbolic,akindofsimileorsymbolicdescriptionofwhathehasjustnowexperienced.

HereyouseethatwhatIdescribedbeforenowhappens:heistryingtocatchandconsolidateandunderstandhisinnerexperiencesbyamplifyingthemwithothertexts.HeseesintheBibleandinalchemicalliteraturepossibleamplifications.Andnowthisfigure,whichisreallythekeyfigureofthewholeexperiencenamelytheWisdom,theQueenoftheSouth,ortheRisingDawnappearsagainandhepraisesher.Sheisthequeenwhowillruleinherkingdomforever.SheiscalledtheQueenoftheMidday,ortheSouthWindinLatinausterstandsforboth"southwind"and"midday"andthatrefers

totheBibletextinMatthew12:42:"Thequeenofthesouthshallriseupinthejudgementwiththisgeneration,andshallcondemnit:forshecamefromtheuttermostpartsoftheearthtohearthewisdomofSolomon;and,behold,agreaterthanSolomonishere."

Thistext,whichismoreorlessthesameasLuke11:31,referstothefamousQueenofShebawhocametovisitKingSolomonandhadwithhim,asyouknow,aloveaffairfromwhichthepresentAbyssiniankingsstillstem.TheQueenofShebawasanEthiopian,heathenqueen,whocameandwasconvertedbySolomontothe

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60.Unionofkingandqueenasandrogynousgodholdingmaleserpentwithsun,andfemaleserpentwithmoon.

truereligion.WithherblacknegressservantsshesleptwithhimandthenreturnedpregnanttoherkingdomandgavebirthtothefirstkingofAbyssinia.ThisloveaffairoftheagingSolomonbecamethegreatthemeofEuropeanloveliterature.

IntheOrient,asyouknow,especiallyinPersianmysticismandinsomeIslamicmysticism(mostlyoftheShi-itetradition,towhichSeniorbelonged),therearebookswhichcouldbesaidtoconstitutetheliteratureoftheconiunctio,i.e.,theunionofanoutstandingman,akingwithaqueen,etc.,whichissaidtobeanimageoftheunionofthesoulwithGod,thesoulofmanbeingthoughtofasfeminine:theanimamarriesGodinthemomentofhighestreligiousecstasyandthereforeinthatmomentthemysticisabridewhomarriestheGodhead.OftheveryearthyandunderstandablelovepoemsofElHafis,itissaidthattheymustbereadwithamysticalmeaningandthatElHafisisnotdescribinganordinaryloveaffairwithawoman,butusesthatlanguagetodescribetheuniomysticaofthesoulwithGod.ThesameappliestoElRoumi.

Theloveletterofthesuntothemoonisatypicalvariationofthiskind

ofloveliterature,inwhichyoucansaythattheproblemofthephenomenonoftransferencewiththeprocessofindividuationisinthemostbeautifulwayunitedandexpressedinsymboliclanguage.Theexperienceoftheanimaforthemanandtheanimusforawomanisreallyquiteoutsidearealexperiencewithahumanpartner.Theextenttowhichthehumanpartnerplaysaroleasonlyafarawaypictureorasageniuneconnectionvariesfromcasetocase,butthisexperienceistheparamountoneleadingtowardstheexperienceoftheSelf.

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YoucanthereforesaythatineverydeeploveexperiencetheexperienceoftheSelfisinvolved,forthepassionandtheoverwhelmingfactorinitcomesfromtheSelf.Thisexperiencewasmuchbetterunderstoodandcultivatedmoreinthenon-Christianrealmswhichhaveamorebalancedattitudetowardsthefemaleprinciple;intheJewishandintheofficialChristiantraditionthiskindofloveliterature,andtheproblemoftheloveunionwithGod,hasbeenratherrejected,withafewexceptions.IntheJewishtraditionitischieflytheKabbalathathasagaintakenupthistheme,andintheChristiantraditionthereareafewmysticslikeSt.JohnoftheCrossandhisfamouspoem,whichisaparaphraseoftheSongofSolomonandwhereagainthislanguageisused.ProbablySt.JohnoftheCrossknewagreatdealaboutIslamicliterature,sincehelivedinSpain.

Inourcivilizationotherwise,therehasbeenasplit.TheChurchhasnotencouragedthiskindofmysticalandreligiousliterature,whichthereforedeeplyaffectedthehalf-religiousliteratureofthemedievalnovels,mainlythepoetryoftheGrailcycleandtheGraillegends.Herethewholelovemysticism,asyoumightcallit,penetrated,andinitthelegendoftheQueenofShebaplayedagreatrole.ThestoryoftheQueenofShebahadatthistimealreadygivenrisetoaveryromanticnovelofwhichthereweredifferentEthiopian,Abyssinian,andIslamicversions.ThetexthasbeenelaboratedasanexperiencethroughmysticallovetoconversiontoGod,andthatwaspickedupbythemedievalnovelsofknightlychivalryandenormouslyinfluencedallthebeautifullovestoriesinthenovelsoftheMiddleAges,theChurchnotactuallyrejectingitbutcastingarathermistrustfuleyeonit.

TheQueenofShebahasthereforealongtradition.SherepresentsintheChristiantraditionananimafigurenotassublimeastheVirginMary.Forthesublimeaspectoftheanima,theVirginMarystandsas

afittingsymbol,butforthelesssublimeaspectwherecouldamanprojectit?TheQueenofShebawithhernegroshadow,hernegressservant,becameafittingobjectuponwhichthisaspectoftheanimacouldbeprojected,andthereforemanynovelselaboratedthethemeofthelovestoryofKingSolomon.

Itwasalsoverylegitimate,becauseonherwaytoKingSolomontheQueenofShebacametoariverwheretherewasalittlebridgemadefrompartofthewoodwhichlaterbecamethecross,andtheQueenofSheba,inhermediumisticfarsightedness,refusedtostep

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onit,preferringtogothroughtheriverandwetherfeetthansteponthatwood.Sheforesawthatthewoodwouldbecomethecross.Thereafterinmedievallegendsshewaslookeduponasbeingoneoftheprophetesses,aseeresswhoforesawthelifeofChristandhisdeathonthecrossandthatopenedthedoorbywhichshecouldenterChristianliterature.Bythatactshewaslegitimized,thoughallhernegroshadowandallherearthlyloveaffairswithKingSolomonwentwithit.ItwasalltolerablebecauseshehadforeseenthedeathofChrist.

SotheQueenofShebaisahighlyinterestinganimafigureofmedievaltime;thatistheallusioninMatthew12:42,andhereourauthoralludestoherinthisway.TheWisdomofGodtohimisalsotheQueenofShebawhoistherisingdawn.

Thebeginningofthenextchapter,calledthefirstparable,willamazeyou.

Lookingfromafar,Isawabigcloudwhichhavingbeenabsorbedbytheearthcovereditwithblackness,andcoveredmysoulwhichthewatershadenteredsothattheybecamecorrupted,fromtheaspectofthedeepesthellandtheshadowofdeathbecausethefloodhasdrownedme.

ThentheEthiopianswillfalldownontheirkneesbeforemeandmyenemieswilllickmyearth.Nothinghealthyisinmybodyanymore,andfromthesightofmysinsmybonesareafraid.Ihavecriedthewholenight,mythroathasbecomehoarse.Whoisthehumanbeingwholives,understandingandknowing,whocansavemysoulfromtheunderworld?

HewhoenlightensmewillhaveeternallifeandIwillgivehimtoeatofthewoodoflifewhichisinParadise,andIwilllethimsharethethroneofmykingdom.Hewhodigsmeuplikesilverandacquiresmelikeatreasure,anddriesthetearsofmyeyesanddoesnotmockatmygarment,whodoesnotpoisonmyfood,whodoesnotdesecratemybedwithwhoredom,and,aboveall,whodoesnotharmmybodywhichisvery

delicate,andevenmorewhodoesnotharmmysoulwhichiswithoutbitternessinbeautyandinwhichthereisnostain,whodoesnotharmmythrone,heforwhoseloveIamlonging,inwhosefireIammelting,inwhoseperfumeIlive,fromwhosetasteIambecominghealthy,fromwhosemilkIamnourishingmyselfandinwhoseembracemywholebodymeltsaway,tohimIwillbefatherandhewillbemyson.

Wiseishewhobringsjoytohisfather,towhomIwillgivethehighestplaceamongthekingsoftheearthandwithwhomIwillkeepmycovenantforalltime.Hewhoforsakesmylawsandwhodoesnotwalkinaccordancewithmyordersanddoesnotkeepmycommandments,heshallbeoverwhelmedbytheenemyandthesonofiniquityshalldohimmuchharm,butwhoeverrespectsmyorderswillnotfearthecoldnessofthesnowforhishouseholdwillhavegarments,linenandpurple.

Andonthisdayhewilllaugh,forIshallhavebeensatiatedandmyglory

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willappearforhehadnoteatenthebreadofidleness.Thereforetheheavenswillopenforhimandlikethunderwillthevoicesoundofhimwhohasthesevenstarsinhishands,whosespiritsaresentouttotestifytoalltheworld[theApocalypse].

Hewhobelievesandhasbeenbaptisedwillbeblessed,buthewhodoesnotbelievewillbedamned.Thesignofthosewhohavebelievedandhavebeenbaptisedwhentheheavenlykingjudgesthemisthefollowing:TheyshallbewhiteasthesnowonMountZalmonandthefeathersofthedovewhichshinelikesilverandwhosewingsareradiantasgold.Hewillbemybelovedson;lookathimforhisformismorebeautifulthananyofthechildrenofmen,hewhomsunandmoonadmire.Hehastherightofloveandinhimhumanbeingshavetheirtrustandwithouthimtheycandonothing.

Hewhohasearstohearshallhearwhatthespiritofwisdomtellsthesonaboutthedoctrineofthesevenstarsthroughwhichtheholyworkisfulfilled.AbouttheseSeniorspeaksasfollowsinhischapteronthesunandthemoon:"Afteryouhavedistributedthoseseven[metals]throughthesevenstars,andattributedthemtothesevenstars,andcleansedthemninetimestilltheylooklikepearls,thatisthestateofwhitness[thealbedo]."

Iwillgiveyouashortcommentsoasnottoleaveyoualonewiththeamazingimpressionofthischapter.Itbeginswithsomebodyinastateofdespair.Sometimesitseemsasthoughitweretheauthor,butsometimesitlooksratherasthoughitweretheWisdomofGod,thatfemininebeing,andthenafteraprocess,thechapterendswiththestatementthatsomethinghasbeenwhitened,thatthestageofwhiteninghasbeenreached.

Sofrompraisingapersonificationoftheunconsciouswhichhasbrokenintotheconsciousrealmoftheauthor,thetextnowchangesintoaneffortatdescribingaprocess,asequenceofevents.Asyouwillseethatconstantlyhappensinthefollowingchapters.Every

chapterbeginswithablack,chaoticstateandendsonapositivenote.Thereforetheauthorisnowbeginningtodigesttheexperienceintheformofaprocess.Before,hedescribedtheimpactofwhathadhappenedtohim;nowhetriestoexpresswhatisgoingon,butallhecandoisbegintoexplainagainandagainandendinthesameway.

Onecouldsayheisnowtryingtocircumambulatethemeaningoftheexperience.Thatiswhathappenswheresomebodyisfirstoverwhelmedbytheunconscious,thengetsaninflation,thenlaughsitoff,thenrecovershisbalanceagainandsayshemustfaceit,andafterthatbeginstothinkaboutitandtrytodescribehowitbegan,whathappened,andtheresult.Whenpeoplebegintoregainconsciousness,atfirsttheycangiveonlyonefeature,but

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afterwards,whentheyareabitmoreconscious,theybegintorepeathistoricallywhathappened.

Forinstance,ifitisapsychoticepisodepeoplewillsaythatatfirsttheyjustfelttiredandthenlistless,andthenheardavoiceandthensuddenlywhateverhappenedthen.Theycanthusgobackanddigestwhathappened.HeretheexperiencewassoexcitingandoverwhelmingthatSt.Thomasusessevenchapterstochewoverthesameprocess,alwaysdescribingitfromadifferentangle;thatistypicalbehaviourforsomeonewhosepsychehasbeenoverwhelmedbytheinvasionofacontentoftheunconscious.

Youseethemechanismonaminorscalewhenpeoplehaveexperiencedsomethingexciting,letussayacaraccidentinthestreet.Theywillrecountitatleastthreetimesthatsameday,theyhavetotellandretellit.Byrepetitionashockisassimilated,andthereforeifyouhavehadapsychologicalshockyoutendtodigestitbyrepetitiontillyouhaveintegratedallitsaspectsandthenyougetyourbalanceback.Herethatiswhathappens.ThesamethinghappenedtoSt.NiklausvonderFlüewho,afterhehadhisfrighteningvisionoftheGodhead,triedtodigestitbymakingapaintingandexplainingittoanumberofpeople,overandoveragain,andinthatwayheassimilatedtheshock.UntilhisdeathhewasreallyonlyconcernedfromthattimeonwithassimilatingtheshockofhisvisionofGod.

Ihaveananalysand,awomanwhohastremendousexperiencesoftheGodheadandsheaskedmetheotherdayhowmanyyearsitwouldtakeheruntilshehaddigestedthem.IansweredthatIsupposeditwouldtakeatleasttenyears.Shesaid:"Somuch?"ShebecamethoughtfulandthensaidthatIwasprobablyright.Onecannotdigestsuchanexperienceimmediately,andinthiscaseitmeansthateverytimeIseeheragainwehavetotalkabouthersfromyetanotherangle.

Thatisnotabnormal,butnormalinanunusualcondition.

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61.Theprimamateria,ormassaconfusa,asablack,chaoticcloud,astateofconsciousconfusiontypicalofthebeginningofboththealchemical

workandtheprocessofindividuation.

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Lecture8AuroraConsurgensAsyouremember,Ireadbrieflythetextoftheso-calledfirstparable,whichbeginsquitedifferentlyfromthefirstfivechapters.TheywereconcernedwiththeappearanceofafemininepersonificationoftheWisdomofGod,whoappearedtotheauthorinanoverwhelmingform.Fromthedifferentwaysinwhichhedescribedher,wededucedthatatfirstSt.Thomaswasquiteovercomeandafterwardsidentifiedwiththeimageandbecameslightlyinflated,sayingthatnowhewouldtellpeopleabouther,etc.Latertheinflationturnedintoakindofscornfortheuninitiatedthosewhodonotknowandhavenotunderstoodwhichisstillasymptomofinflation,andthenhefelloutoftheinflationandintoastateofdryflatness.

Hethendescribedthesameexperiencebutinaratherprosaicway,whichistypicalforpeoplewhentheycomeupagainafterhavingbeenpulledintotheunconscious;thereisakindofdrydisappointmentaboutthewholethingwhichcompensatesfortheinflation.Thisisobviousinamuchmoreextremeformafterapsychoticintervalinterruptedbylargactyl,orelectricshock,orsomekindofphysicalcure.

IntheparableIreadlasttime,theauthorhimselfentersthepicture.Before,thewritinghadbeeninthestyleofanelatedandpompousannouncementofthetruth,typicalofidentificationwithcontentsoftheunconscious,whichexplainsitsuseinprimitivereligiousliterature,incertainpoetry,andinthisdocument.Nowweseetheeffectithadonthewriter.

FromafarIsawabigcloudwhichovershadowedthewholeearthwith

blackness;ithadabsorbedtheearthwhichcoveredmysoul,thewatershadenteredmysoulwhichhadbecomecorruptedfromtheaspectofthelowesthellandtheshadowofdeathbecausethefloodhaddrownedme.ThentheEthiopianswillbowbeforemeandmyenemieswilllickmydust.Nothingishealthyinmybody,andfromtheaspectofmysinsmybonesarefrightened.IhavecriedthewholenighttillIamtired;mythroatishoarse.Whoisthemanwholivesunderstanding,andwhowillsavemysoulfromthehandoftheunderworld....

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Whenhesayshesawabigblackcloud,onefeelsitmustbetheauthorwhofromaboveseestheblackcloudwhichhascoveredtheearth.Butlaterthisperson,whoaskswhoisthemanwhocansavehim,istheWisdomofGod.Oneofthemostinterestingthingsinthistextisthatthe"I,"asseenfromthecontext,ononelineistheauthorandtwolineslatertheWisdomofGod.SothereisgenuineconfusionandweseehowtheauthorhasidentifiedwiththeWisdomofGodandfallenintotheunconscious.

Firstheseeshoveringovertheearththeblackcloudwhichcoverseverything.Theblackcloudisawell-knownalchemicalsymbolforthestatecalledthenigredo,theblacknesswhichveryoftenoccursfirstintheopus;ifyoudistillthematerialitevaporatesandforawhileyouseenothingbutakindofconfusionorcloud,whichthealchemistcomparedtotheearthbeingcoveredupbyablackcloud.

Inthelanguageofantiquitythecloudalsohadadoublemeaning,beingsometimescomparedtoconfusionorunconsciousness.TherearemanylateHermetictextswhereitissaidthatthelightofGodcannotbefoundbeforeonehascomeupfromthedarkcloudofunconsciousnesswhichcoverspeopleandwhichisthenegativeconnotationoftenmetwithinreligiouslanguage.InChristianlanguagethecloudisproducedbythedevilwhoisinthenorthandoutofwhosenostrilsconstantcloudsofconfusionandunconsciousnessblowovertheworld.Butyoufindthecloudalsoinearlymedievaltextsinapositiveconnection,namelyasthatunknown,bewilderingaspectoftheGodhead.

Probablysomeofyouknow"TheCloudofUnknowing,"amysticalmedievaltextwhichdescribesthefactthatthecloserthesoulofthemysticgetstotheGodheadthedarkerandmoreconfusedhebecomes.SuchtextssayineffectthatGodlivesinthecloudofunknowingand

thatonehastobestrippedofeveryidea,everyintellectualconception,beforeonecanapproachthelightwhichissurroundedbythedarknessofutterconfusion.Herethecloudhasthesamedoublemeaning:itdescribesastateofutterconfusion,ofcompleteunhappiness,whichatthesametimeisthebeginningofthealchemicalwork.

Theaspectofthedeepesthell,and,asissaidsentenceslater,theaspectofhisownsins,havefrightenedthespeaker,afterwhichthereisthementionoftheEthiopians.ThisreferstoPsalm72:9,whichspeaksofvictoriesovertheenemiesandtheEthiopiansbowingbeforetheIsraelites.ButheretheEthiopiannaturallyhasa

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62.Twopaintingsbyawomanatthebeginningofanalysis:bottom,astateofdepressioninwhichunconsciouscontentsareactivatedbutrepressed;top,consciousconflictandconfusionaftertheunconsciouscontents

have"brokenthrough."

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classicalmeaning,whichalsoappearsveryearlyinGreekalchemy,andrepresentsthenigredo.

YouwillrememberwehadtheEthiopianearthbeforeinoneoftheGreektexts.Ethiopiawasthecountrywhosepeoplecarriedthecollectiveprojectionofutterpietyandreligiousfervourontheonehand,andontheothertheywereconsideredtobeunconsciousheathens.HereinalchemytheEthiopianisoftenthesymbolofthenigredo,anditisobviouswhatthatwouldmeaninpsychologicallanguageforitisnotverydifferentfromtheforminwhichnegroesstillturnupnowadaysintheunconsciousmaterialofwhitepeople,namelytheprimitive,naturalmaninhisambiguouswholeness.Thenaturalmaninusisthegenuineman,butalsothemanwhodoesnotfitintoconventionalpatterns,andwhoinpartisverymuchdrivenbyhisinstincts.

TheEthiopiansappearinthisnigredoandthenthereisthequestion:''Whoisthehumanbeingofunderstandingwhowillsavemefromthehandoftheunderworld?"andthatsamedrownedbeingwhomonefirstassumedtobetheauthor,butlaterturnsouttobetheWisdomofGod,says:"TohimwhoenlightensmeIwillgiveeternallife,hewillreceivefromthewoodoflifewhichisinParadiseandsharemythroneinmykingdom,"etc.ThencomesthepassageIreadlasttime:"Hewhodoesnotmockmeandwhodoesnotharmmeanddoesnotdesecratemybed,"andsoon,afterwhichcomesthedeclarationoflove.

ItisChristHimself,asGodHimself,whopromisestoshareHisKingdom,sowemustconcludethatthepersonspeakingandtheadjectiveswhichhererefertothe"I"arealwaysfeminineistheWisdomofGod,inabsoluteidentitywithGodandChrist,whospeaksoutofthedarknessofthenigredoandcallsforhelp,askingfora

humanbeingwhowillsavehersoulfromtheunderworld.Thisshowsthetremendousturnaboutwhichhastakenplace,forsuddenlyitistheWisdomofGodwhocriesforhelpfromthedepthsoftheearth,andwhoneedsahumanbeingsoastobepulledoutofthedarkness.Firstsheappearedasanoverwhelmingdivinefactorfromabove,andnowshecallsasahelplessfemininebeingfrombelowwhoneedstheunderstandingofthehumansoul.

ThisisoneofthemoststrikingsectionsandillustrateswhatJungdescribedalsoinPsychologyandAlchemyasoneofthegreatmythologicalthemesofalchemicalthinking,namelytheideathatthedivinesoul,ortheWisdomofGod,ortheanimamundiakind

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63.ThenigredoasEthiopian,personifiedprojectionofthedark,

unknownsideofthepersonality,"theprimitive,naturalmaninhisambiguouswholeness"(vonFranz).

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offemininefigurefallsofftheoriginalman,theoriginalAdam,intomatterandthenhastoberescued.

Ifyouremember,Jungexplainsthatthisrepresentswhathappenswhensomethingisprojected,namelythatthereisthearchetypalideaofthedivineman,orthefeminineGodhead,andthatarchetypeisprojectedintomatter,whichactuallymeanstheimagefallsintomatter.Suchmythsamplifywhatthealchemistdidnotknowconsciously,oronlyinpartthatreallytheywerelookingfortheunconscious,ortheimageofthefeminineGodhead,orfortheexperienceofthedivinemaninmatter.Thatwaswhattheysought,asItriedtoexplainwiththeGreekalchemicaltext.

Thatwouldcorrespondtoamodernmangettingtoknowawoman,beingverymuchattractedtoherandthendreamingthatanimageofthegoddessenteredher.TheimageoftheGodheadbeforewascarriedwithinandnowhasenteredthiswoman.Thatishowtheunconsciouspicturesaprojection;itisnotsomethingwedoorevenrealize,itjusthappenstousandsuchdreamsoftenshowthataprojectionhastakenplace.Herethealchemicalimagerysaysthatthishashappenedandthealchemistisunconsciouslysearchingforsuchafigure.

IntheJewishreligion,asyouknow,thisprocesshasalreadybegun,becausealthoughfromthebeginningtherewasnofemininegoddess,theHebrewwordforprimordialchaosisTohuwabohu,whichisreallyanallusiontotheBabylonianTiamat,afemininegoddess.OnecouldsaythatintheJewishtraditionthegreatmothergoddessdoesnotappearpersonifiedintheBible,butonlyexistsinahiddenwayinthesefewallusions.

ThefemininereappearedinthelateGnosticfantasyoftheWisdomofGod,butonlyasublimedivineaspectofthisfemininegoddessappearsintheBibleandthefeminineaspectoftheGodheadisnot

properlyrepresentedintheJudaeo-Christiantradition.Thereareafewobscureallusionstoadarkchaoticmother-massunderneath,whichisidenticalwithmatter,andasublimefemininefigurewhichistheWisdomofGod,butevenshewaseliminatedinChristianityforGodwasdeclaredtobeidenticalwiththeHolyGhostorthesoulofChrist,andmattersupposedtoberuledbythedevil.

ThispronouncedlackofafemininepersonificationoftheunconscioushasthereforebeencompensatedbytheradicalmaterialismwhichhasgraduallytakenholdoftheChristiantradition.Onecouldsaythatpracticallynoreligionbeganwithsuch

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64.TheWisdomofGodasanimamundi(worldsoul),guideofmankind,

herselfguidedbyGod.

ahighlyone-sidedspiritualaccentandhaslandedifyouthinkofCommunismastheendformofChristiantheologyinsuchanabsolutelyone-sidedmaterialisticaspect.Theswingfromonetotheotherisoneofthemoststrikingphenomenaweknowofinthehistoryofreligion;itisduetothefactthatfromthebeginningtherewasanunawareness,anunbalancedattitudetowardstheproblemofthefemininegoddessandthereforeofmatter,becausethefeminineGodheadinallreligionsisalwaysprojectedintoandlinkedupwiththeconceptofmatter.

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OnlyyesterdayIhadinmyhandthisisinthenatureofadigression,butquiteaninterestingoneabookbyHansMartientitledUrbildandVerfassung,whichcouldbetranslatedas"ArchetypeandConstitution."MartishowsthatsincemanoriginallyconceivedoftheconstitutionofademocraticstateheismainlyconcernedwiththeSwissConstitutionasecretswitchhastakenplacefromthepatriarchalconceptoftheState(thejuridicalState,theStatebeingalegalconcept,akindoffatherspirit)towhathecallstheWelfareState.Swissdemocracyinitsbeginnings,letussayuntilthelastfiftyyears,waschieflyadministeredbyaClubconsistingofmenyouknowwomeninSwitzerlandstillcannotvoteandthebasisoftheConstitutionwasacertainnumberoflaws,themainobjectofwhichwastoguaranteethefreedomoftheindividual,freedomofreligion,freedomofpossession,andsoon.

Intothisslowlycrept,asMartiverybeautifullydemonstrates,anotheridea,namelythatoftheWelfareState,amotherarchetypewheretheStatehastocareforthehealthofthepeople,theirmaterialwelfare,oldagepensions,etc.Martipointsoutveryclearlythatthisisaswitch,thattheStateisnolongerthefatherbuthasbecomethemother,andassuchinterestedinthephysicalwelfareofherchildren.Heshowshow,accordingtoSwisslaw,theStatenowhastherighttoimposecertainregulationsonthepossessionofland,inordertoprotectagriculturalareas,forinstance.

SomeyearsagotheStateassumedcontroloverwaterrightswaterisafemininesymbolinordertoprotectpeoplesincethewatergetssodirtyandunwholesome,andslowlyithasacquiredtherighttoissuelawstofightepidemics.If,forinstance,thereissomekindofplague,orrabies,thentheStatecanissueregulationswhichdidnotpreviouslyexist.Formerlymankindwasnotsointerestedinthepeople'sphysicalandmaterialwelfare.Iftheydiedoftheplagueorwerebittenbymad

dogs,thatwasjustapartoflifeandnotimportant;theemphasiswasonspiritualfreedomwhilephysicalwelfarewasratherneglected.OverthelastfiftyorsixtyyearsphysicalwelfarehasgraduallybecomeanimportantconcernoftheState,andwiththatithasbydegreesbecomemoreandmorethecarrieroftheprojectionofthemother,andlesssoofthefatherimage.Weareslowlyandwithoutnoticingitglidingintoamatriarchalsituation.

Martishowsveryclearlyhowcertainemotionalfactorsareunconsciouslyatplay,thatthepeopleconceiveoftheStateinsome

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65.TheAssumptionoftheVirginMary:"...raisingtoahigherpositionthesymbolofthefeminineGodhead,andwithitmatter."vonFranz.

vaguearchetypalformandfromthatstandpointvoteforcertainlaws.Butwhatseemstobeself-evident,i.e.,thattheStateshouldlookafteritschildren,isreallytheprojectionofthemotherimage,andthatisnotself-evident.HeendshisbookveryintelligentlybysayingthatweshouldbecomeconsciousofwhatweareprojectingontotheStateandbeginwitharealAuseinandersetzung,orconfrontation,andnotchangeourlawsbyjustprojectingamotherimage.

ThisbookdescribesasmallaspectofaslowturnwhichonalargescalehashappenedinthewholeChristiancivilizationandwhichonecouldcallasecretunobtrusivereturntomatriarchyandmaterialism.ThisenantiodromiahastodowiththefactthattheJudaeo-Christianreligiondidnotfacethearchetypeofthemotherconsciouslyenough.Ithadtoacertainextentexcludedthequestion.Itiswellknown,also,thatwhenPopePiusXIIdeclaredtheassumptioMariahisconsciousaimwastohitCommunisticmaterialismbyelevating,sotospeak,asymbolofmatterintheCatholicChurch,soastotakethewindoutoftheCommunists'sails.Thereisamuchdeeperimplication,butthatwashisconsciousidea,namelythattheonlywaytofightthematerialisticaspectwouldbebyraisingtoahigherpositionthe

symbolofthefeminineGodhead,andwithitmatter.SinceitistheVirginMary'sbodywhichisraisedtoHeaven,emphasisisonthephysicalmaterialaspect.

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HerewehavetheimageoftheGodheadcompletelyfallenintomatter,fromwhereshecriesforhelp.Takenasthepersonaldramaofourauthorwhatwouldthatmean?

Answer:Thattheanimahadgotlostinthematerialworld,becausehehadnorelationtoher.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,wemustconcludethatthisauthorhadnorelationshipwiththefeminineprinciplebefore.Itisquiteobviousfromthetextthatheisaclericalman,andIwouldimaginehehadanegativemothercomplexandforthat,orsomeotherreason,hadnorelationshiptothefeminineprinciple,whichmeansneithertohisownfemininesidenortowomen.InsuchacaseanoverwhelminginfluxofthefeminineGodheadwouldtakeplace.

Thereisastrikingparallelinthefamousmystic,JakobBoehme,whoasyouknowwasaverypoorshoemakerandsomewhatofaborderlinecase,butwhohadthemosttremendousreligiousexperiencesandwascapableofexpressingtheminhisdifficultwritings.Thismanwasanintrovertedintuitiveoftheprophetictype.Hismarriagewasveryunfortunate;therewasnothingbutmutualcontemptandhatred,understandableonbothsides,forhiswifewasadown-to-earthwomanwhothoughthewouldbebetteremployedinmendingshoesandearningmoney,forhehadsixchildrenbyher,thaninwritingbooksabouttheHolyGhostwhileshehadnothingtoeat.Soshemadeconstantscenes,sayingheshouldprovidehischildrenwithfoodinsteadofwritingbooksabouttheGodhead.

He,ontheotherside,feltquitenaturallythatshewasaworldlywomanandaweightonhim,someonewhohamperedhisspiritualcreativity.Itwasoneofthoseclassicaltragedies.BoehmerejectedthefemininecompletelyImeanhehadonlyanegativeattitudetowardsituntilthelaterphasesofhislife.Shortlybeforehisdeath,hewas

suddenlycompletelyoverwhelmedbytheimageoftheWisdomofGod,theSophia,thatsameimage,andheleftatextinwhichhepraisedthisfigureinthemostecstaticlovingtermssomuchsothatitisevenratherdistasteful,foraverystrongsexualnoteisvisibleinhislovesongtotheWisdomofGod,andoneseesthewholemudofwhathadbeenrejectedandwhichwelledupwiththisgreatexperience.

Iassumeourauthorisinasimilarcondition,thathehadnorelationshiptothefeminineprincipleandisnowoverwhelmedbyit

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initsmostimpressiveform.Thatwouldbeatypicalcompensationforthescornandcontempthemusthithertohavehadforthefeminine.Insuchcasestheunconsciousbreaksinwithsuchtremendousemphasisthatitcannolongerbeavoided.

Whatforconsciousnessisarealizationofanarchetypalimageisforthearchetypalimageagreatdownfall.Imaginetheegowithitsfieldofassociations,likeaspiderinitsweb.Whenthearchetypalimageapproachesthefieldofconsciousness,thatistotheegoaconditionofgreatenlightenment,astateofelation,etc.,aswasseeninthefirstfivechaptersofourtext,buttothepoorarchetypeitisjusttheoppositeforitfallsintosomethingverysmallandquiteinadequate.Thereforeseenfromonesideitisagreatrealizationandfromtheotheraverybaddownfall.

ManycreationmythsdescribethecreationoftheworldastheGodheadfallingfromHeaven,asisalsotypicallyillustratedinadreamofGérarddeNerval,aFrenchpoetwhosebookAuréliadepictsthebeginningofdeNerval'spsychosis.OneofthemostfrighteningdreamshehadduringthistimewasthathewentintothebackyardofatypicalParishotel,wheretherewereolddustbinswithcatseatingoutofthem.SuchdarkcourtyardsaretobefoundeverywhereinParis.InsuchacourtyardatthebackofhishoteltohishorrorhesawanangelofGod,atremendous,overwhelmingarchetypalfigurewithcolouredwingswhohadfallenintothebackyardandwasjambedintothisconstrictedspace.

Thesuddenfrighteningrealizationforthemanwasthatiftheangelwantedtofreeitself,ifitmadethesmallestmovement,thewholebuildingwouldcollapse,whichwouldmeantheoutbreakofhisschizophrenia,whichdidoccursoonafter.Hisconceptionoflifewasmuchtoonarrowincomparisonwithhisgenius.Hehadagreat

unconsciousgenius,asevidencedbytheangel,andhisconsciousconceptoflifewasexactlythatofthetypicalFrenchrationalistofParisanditsbackyards.Hisconsciousmentalitywasthereforenotadequatetohisrealmake-upandhisowninnerdestiny.

Veryoftenthereasonforschizophreniaisnotsomuchtheinvasionoftheunconscious,butthatithappenstosomeonewhoistoonarrowfortheexperience,eithermentallyoremotionally.Peoplewhoarenotbroad-mindedandhavenotenoughgenerosityandhearttoopentowhatcomesareexplodedbytheinvasion.

GérarddeNerval'slifeillustratesthisveryclearly:hefellinlovewithagirlandwasovercomewiththemostromanticemotional

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feelingsforher,butinsteadofacceptingthemherevoltedagainstthem,saying:"C'estunefemmeordinairedenôtresiècle"sheisanordinarywomanofthepresentdayandheranawayfromher.Afterwardshefeltextremelyguiltybutshedidnotpardonhim.Hisguiltyconsciencecamefromthefactthathewasrunningawayfromhisownfeeling.Duringthistimehedreamtoftheangel,showingthathisnarrow-minded,rational,backyardideaoflifeandoflovewasnotuptohisexperience,whichwaswhyhelaterhunghimselfinthegutter.

Ionlymentionthisdreamasanillustrationofthefactthatwhatisseenfromtheconsciousasarealizationofthearchetypeisforthearchetypefallingdownintomatter.ThereisthesamethinginthetheologicalteachingaboutthekenosisofChrist,whichreferstothebiblicalquotationwhereChristshedhisplenitudetocomedownasaservantandincarnateinman.OntothistheologianshavehungthetheorythatChristwasidenticalwithGodtheFatherandtheHolyGhost,thathelivedinplenitudeandexpansioninHeavenanditwasatremendousself-sacrificewhenheemptiedandreducedHimselfsoastoenterhumanlifeandincarnate.ThusfromHissideitmeanthumiliationandareductioninhiscondition.AsanarchetypehewouldbetheGodhead,theLogos,whichenteredthemiserablehumanlife,butformankinditwasarevelationofthelightofGod.

Thisisnotauniquecase.Wheneveranarchetypeapproacheshumanrealizationitmeansagreatnarrowingforthearchetype,whichaccountsforthecatastrophicvisionsanddreamsofthefallofadivinebeingontotheearth.AscanveryclearlybeseenfromthecaseofGérarddeNerval,atsuchtimesunderstandingistheessentialfactor.Ifhehadunderstoodwhatwasapproachinghimwhenhehadthosetremendousfeelingsandfantasiesaboutthegirlheloved,hewouldnothavegoneoffhishead,butitseemedtohimitwasallcrazyand

stupidandhadtoberepressed,whichresultedinthecatastrophe.

InourtextthefallenWisdomofGodcallsforahumanbeingofunderstandingtodigherup.Sheaskswherethehumanbeingiswholivesandwillunderstandher,andpromiseseternallifetothatpersonhewhomshelovesandinwhoseembraceherwholebodymeltsaway,etc.Soshegoesoverintoapassionatedeclarationoflovetotheunknownmanwhoshouldunderstandherandgetheroutofmatter.

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Thencomesamostsurprisingturn,forshesays:"Heinwhoseembracemywholebodymeltsaway,towhomIwillbefatherandhewillbemyson."ThisistakenfromHebrew1:5,asyouprobablyknow,andiswhatGodsaidtoChrist.Whenreadingthetextitiseasytooverlookthesestrangeallusions,buttheWisdomhereclearlysaysthatsheherselfisGodtheFatherandthatwhoeversavesheristhesonofGodhimself.Thissentenceisthekeytoallthatfollowsinthetext.TheWisdomofGodissimplyanexperienceofGodHimselfbutinHisfeminineform,andthebelovedbridegroomofthisfeminineappearanceofGodistheauthorwhoreplacesChristandbecomesChristlike.

ChristHimselfpredictedthatthroughthespreadingoftheHolyGhostmanywoulddogreaterworksthanHe,leadingtotheideaoftheChristlikenessofeachindividual.ChristwasnottheuniquecaseoftheincarnationofGod,butthroughtheHolyGhostthiswouldcontinueandspreadamongthemanyandeveryindividualwould,toacertainextent,becomeChristandthereforedeified.ThiswaspredictedintheBiblebyChristHimselfbuthasbeenignoredintheologicalinterpretationbecauseitisanawkwardstatementandmeansnothingmorenorlessthanthateachhumanindividualcouldpotentiallylivethesamefateasChristandbeidenticalwiththeGodhead.

Thisaspectwasignoredinmedievaltheologyandnotbroughtoutintothelight;itwascarefullynotpreachedaboutbecauseitisnothingotherthantheprocessofindividuation.ItmeansthattofollowChristisnottofollowouterrules,nottheoutwardimitation,buttotakeupononeselfthetotalexperienceofChristHimselfinone'sownformtogothroughthewholeprocessoneself.Becausethiswastoodifficult,orpeoplewerenotuptosuchatask,itwasignoredandthereforereappearshereasunconsciouspressureintheformofGodwho,asa

woman,electsahumanbeingasherbridegroom,ahumanwhounderstandsher.Asthetextsays,thisistherelationshipofGodtheFatherandGodtheSon.

Shethensaysthatifshecanfindsuchabridegroomshewillappearinhergloryandwillmanifestinallherbeauty,andinthiscontextisquotedtheappearanceofGodattheendofdays,asintheApocalypse.Shecomparesherselfalsotoadove,asilvershiningdove.Theresheappearsagainveryclearlyasafemininespiritualsymbol.Thetextendsratherflatlyordrylywiththewords:"andallthisisjustthatonehastowashthesubstanceninetimesuntilithas

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theappearanceofpearls,andthatisthewhitening.''Herethereisasuddenreturntopurelychemicallanguagewhichsaysthatinpracticethewholeexperienceindicatesthatonehastowashthestars,asitsays,tilltheyareaswhiteaspearls.

Iwanttocommentbrieflyonthenextpart:

Whohasearstohear,shallhearwhatthespiritofthesciencetellsthesonsofthedoctrineaboutthesevenstarsthroughwhomthedivineworkisaccomplished.Seniorsaysinhisbookinthechapteronthesunandthemoon:"Whenyouhavedistributedthosesevenwiththesevenstarsandattributedthemtothesevenstarsandthencleansedthemninetimestilltheylooklikepearls,thatisthewhitening."

Thesevenstarswerementionedbeforeinourtext;theyarethesevenstarstheGodheadholdsinHishandswhenHeappearsintheApocalypseandatthattimetheynaturallyreferredtothesevenplanets.

Tothesevenplanetsareattributedthesevenmetals,anditisquitecustomaryinalchemyforthesevenmetalstin,copper,lead,iron,andsoontobeattributedtothesevenplanets,buttheyaremorethanthat;theyare,sotospeak,thesamethingasthesevenplanets.IronisthesamethingasMars,andcopperthesameasVenus;inthesky,therefore,onecancallirontheearthlyMars,andcoppertheearthlyVenus,etc.Thatwasacommonwayofspeakingaboutthemetalsinthosetimessothesevenstarsarereallythesevenmetalsintheearth,andtheseearthlystarshavetobedistilledandcleansedninetimes,atwhichpointtheybecomewhite,whichistheprocessofthealbedo.

Inalchemicalliteratureitisgenerallysaidthatthegreateffortandtroublecontinuesfromthenigredotothealbedo;thatissaidtobethehardpart,andafterwardseverythingbecomeseasier.Thenigredotheblackness,theterribledepressionandstateofdissolutionhastobe

compensatedbythehardworkofthealchemistandthathardworkconsists,amongotherthings,inconstantwashing;thereforeeventheworkofwasherwomenisoftenmentionedinthetext,orconstantdistilling,whichisalsodonewiththeobjectofpurification,forthemetalisevaporatedandthenprecipitatedintoanothervessel,thusremovingtheheaviersubstances.

ThepsychologicalanalogyisobviouslytothefirsthardpartofananalysiswhereVenus,theloveproblem,mustbewashed,aswellasMars,theproblemofaggression,andsoon.Allthedifferent

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66.Immersionofkingandqueeninthebath,withdove(spirit)asunitingsymbol.Alchemicalimagesofwashing,cleaning,distilling,etc.,areparallelledin

moderndreams,indicatingtheprocessof"cleaningup"consciousattitudes.

instinctivedrivesandtheirarchetypalbackgroundgenerallyappearfirstinadisturbedformintheearth,thatisintheformofaprojectionpeopleloveorhatesomebodyortheyhaveabosswhodepressesthemandtheydonotknowhowtodefendthemselves.

IftheprojectionisontheoutsideitwouldmeanthatMarshasfallenintomatter:theprincipleofaggressionandallitcoversupisseeninMr.So-and-So,orVenushasfallenintotheupsanddownsofaloveaffairandsexualdifficulties,andnaturallytheanalysandwhenhefirstcomestellsyouthatthatisit,becausetohimthethingisalloutside.Firstithastobetakenoutofmatter,sotheanalystsaystheyshouldleaveMissSo-and-Sooutofitandlookatwhatisgoingonintheanalysand.

Thatistheprimamateriawhichhastobeconstantlywashedanddistilledandthusthefirstactivityoftheopusisdistilling,washing,

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andcleansing,overandoveragain.Hereitsaysninetimes,otherssayfifteentimes,andsomesaytenyears.Itisreallyaverylongprocessandsometimesmeansendlesslyrehearsingthesameprobleminitsdifferentaspects.Thatiswhyalsoinalchemicaltextstheyalwaysalludetothefactthatthispartcangoonforalongtimeandischaracterizedbyendlessrepetitionsjustas,unfortunately,wefallagainandagainintocomplexeswhichhavenotbeenworkedoutandhavetobelookedattimeandagain.Butthroughthishardworkthematterbecomeswhite.

Whitenesssuggestspurification,nolongerbeingcontaminatedwithmatter,whichwouldmeanwhatwecalltechnically,andsolightly,takingbackourprojections.Thatisnotaneasythingtodo;itissomethingverycomplicatedanddifficult,foritisnotasthoughoneunderstoodthatonewasprojectingandwouldthereforenotdoitanymore.Itneedsalongprocessofinnerdevelopmentandrealizationforaprojectiontocomeback.Whenithasbeenwithdrawnthedisturbingemotionalfactorvanishes.

Assoonasaprojectionisreallywithdrawnasortofpeaceestablishesitselfonebecomesquietandcanlookatthethingfromanobjectiveangle.Onecanlookatthespecificproblemorfactorinanobjectiveandquietwayandperhapsdosomeactiveimaginationaboutitwithoutconstantlybecomingemotional,orfallingbackintotheemotionaltangle.Thatcorrespondstothealbedo.Itis,inaway,thefirststageofbecomingquieterandmoredetachedandobjective,morephilosophicallydetached.Onehasastandpointaudessusdelamelée;onecanstandontopofthemountainandobservethethunderstormbelow,whichnaturallyisstillgoingon,butwhichonecanlookatwithoutfear,orfeelingthreatenedbyit.

Sowhatthealchemistsymbolisedwiththeideaofthewhiteningwas

thatthematerialtheyhadbeenworkingonhadnowreachedaformofpurityandonenessandtheycouldnowbeginthesyntheticwork.Afterthemetalshavebeenmeltedoutofthemineralstheymustbecleansed,whichwouldbetheanalyticalwork,andthenthechemicalsynthesiscanbeginanexactparalleltowhathappensinanalysiswithfirsttheanalyticalandthenthesyntheticaspect.Thealbedoischaracterizedbysomethingwonderful,for,thealchemistssay,fromnowononehassimplytofeedthefire,keepitgoing,butthehardpartoftheworkisdone.Only,asyouwillsee,theprocessofgettingfromthenigredotothealbedoisrepeatedmanytimes.Hereitisdescribedseventimes.

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67.Alchemistmeditatingintheinitialnigredostate,correspondingpsychologically

totheself-reflectioninducedbyconflictanddepression.

Thenextparableagainstartswiththenigredo,andagaindescribesthewholeprocessuntilitagaincomestothealbedo;itisthesamethingseemfromadifferentangle,whichisexactlywhatweexperience.Howmanytimesinanalysishasonegotalittlebitoutoftheproblem,reallyfeelingatpeaceandtosomeextentatonewithoneselfsothattheworstseemstobeover?butthreeweekslateritallbeginsagainasifonehaddonenothingatall.Manyrepetitionsarerequiredbeforetheexperienceisconsolidated,untilfinallytheworkholds.

Question:Whendidthealchemistsbegintohavedoubtsabouttheprojection?

Dr.vonFranz:Iwouldsayourauthorhasnotyetanydoubts.Doubtappearedfirstattheendofthe15thorthebeginningofthe16thcentury.That,naturally,isnotaveryaccuratewayofputting

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it,fortherearemedievalalchemistsevenafterthe16thcentury,butsomehaddoubtsearlierthanthat.Youcouldsaythat,onthewhole,doubtstartedaboutthetimeoftheRenaissance,afterwhichalchemicalsymbolismbecameanallegory,nolongeragenuinesymbolicexperience,andtheoldtextsarethrashedoutallegorically.

BasiliusValentinus,forinstance,andMichaelMaier,andthenlatertheRosicruciansandthedevelopmentoftheFreemasonsareexamples.TheFreemasonsstillusethesymbolism,asdotheRosicrucians,buttothemitisanallegory.Theyexplainitcompletelyrationally,whateachthingmeans;otherscontinuedonchemicallinesbutwithoutspeakingofsuchthingsasthebrideandbridegroomanymore,theysaidthatwasjustflowerylanguage.

Stillothersusedsymboliclanguagebutnochemistry.Thereyoucouldsaytherewasaprojection,fornowtheelementofdoubthadentered.Theyreallydidnotbelieveanymorethatthethingwastobefoundinmatter,oronlyhalf-believedit,orpretendedtodosotothemselves,butitwasnotacleanattitude,whichiswhytherecameinwhathasputalchemyintosuchdisrepute,namelythenastyboasting,half-religiousgold-makerstyle.Inthistextthereisaninflation,butnothingofthecharlatan,whileinthewritingsofBasiliusValentinusthereisanarrogantgold-maker'sstyle.ButGerhardDorn,wholivedattheendofthe16thcentury,wasstillagenuinealchemist.Iwouldsayitwasapproximatelythenthatthefirstdoubtarose.Hereitisstillwhatwewouldrathercall,fromtheirstandpoint,archaicidentitytheWisdomofGodreallywasinmatter,thatrealbeliefwasbroughtaboutthrougharchaicidentity.

Thesecondparableisaboutthefloodanddeathcausedbywomananddrivenoutagainbyher.

Whenthemultitudeoftheseahasturnedtowardsmeanditstorrentshave

flowedovermyface,andwhenmyarrowshavebecomedrunkwithbloodandmycellsperfumedwithmarvellouswine,whenmybarnshavebeenfilledwithcorn,andwhenthebridegroomwiththetenwisevirginshasenteredmybridalchamber,andwhenmybodyhasbeenimpregnatedbythetouchofmybridegroomandwhenmydoorhasbeenunlockedandopenedbymybridegroom,andafterHerodhaskilledallthechildreninBethlehem,andRachelhasweptoverallherchildren,andwhenthelighthascomeoutofthedarkness,andwhenthesunofjusticehasappearedinHeaven,thenthetimewillbefulfilled,thenGodwillsendHisson,asHesaid,whomHemadeheirtotheuniverseandthroughwhomHecreatedtheworldandtowhomHeoncesaid:"Thouartmyson,thisdayhaveIbegottenthee,"towhomthethreekingsbroughtpreciousgifts.

InthatdaywhichtheLordhascreatedwewillbehappybecausetoday

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Godhashadpityonmysadness,GodwhoreignsinIsrael.Todaydeathbroughtbythewomanhasbeendrivenawaybyher,andthelocksoftheunderworldhavebeenbrokenopen.Deathshallnolongerruleandthedoorsofhellwillnotstandagainstitforthetenthdrachmwhichwaslosthasbeenfound,andthehundredthsheephasbeenbroughthomefromthedesertandthenumberofourbrethrenamongthefallenangelshasbeencompletelyrestored.Today,myson,youmustbehappyfortherewillbenomorecryingnorpain,fortheformerthingsarepassedaway.

Hewhohasearstohearlethimhearwhatthespiritofthedoctrinetellsthesonsofwisdomofthewomanwhointroduceddeathandthendroveitaway,whichthephilosophersalludetoasfollows:"Takeawayhissoulandreturnittohimagainbecausethecorruptionofonethingisthegenerationoftheother,"whichmeanstakeawaythecorruptinghumidityandincreaseitbynaturalhumidityandthatwillbeitsperfectionandlife.

Againatthebeginningthereisacatastrophewhichisdescribedasadeluge,andinvolvestheslaughterofthechildrenatBethlehem.Butasyousee,thoughitagainstartswiththenigredoandthereforewithadisaster,thepositiveaspectsaregivenatgreaterlength.Thereisthedescriptionofaloveunion,ofthebridegroomenteringthebridalchamberandthepregnancyofthefemininefigure,andthenalongandratherconventionalallusiontothebirthofChristtowhomthethreeMagibroughttheirgifts,andthentriumphthatdeathhasbeenovercomebythisbirth.

Soitcanbesaidthatalthoughtheprocessisrepeatedthereisalreadyalighteraspect,onewhichwasnothithertomentioned,namelythatthecatastrophehappenedatthemomentofabirth,thatjustwhenthenigredowasatitsworstasecretbirthtookplaceintheunconscious.Withinthecatastrophe,inthemidstofdepressionandconfusion,thenewsymboloftheSelfwasborn.Itwasbornintheunconscious,sotheauthorhasnotyetrealizedwhathashappened,andonlyvaguelyrealizesthatalthoughhehadfallenintothisterribledepressionand

theanimafigurehadfallenintotheearth,somethingwasborn.

AsyouknowfromDr.Jung'scommentsonthedivinechild,whenaheroisbornandthebirthofChristisnoexceptionthereisalwaysanoutburstofthedestructivepowers.Thatiswhy,ifthereisasuicidaltendencyinaperson,itwillalwaysbestrongestatthatmomentwhichmightbecalledthecrisisofthehealing.Inadeepdepression,oracompletelyschizoidconfusion,onlyrarelyandexceptionallyisthedangerofsuicidegreat,thoughitdoesexistundercertaincircumstances.Butifsuchacaseisnearlythrough,sayonthethresholdofhealing,thenthereisoftenanacutedanger

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68.Thedevilasaerialspiritandungodlyintellect,personification

ofthenegativemasculine(destructiveanimus).

ofsuicide.Thenyoumustwatchthecasedayandnight,afactwellknowninasylums.

NaturallythisisonlyanextremeillustrationofsomethingwhichisalsotrueinanalyticalworkonalessdramaticlevelitiswhatIcallthelastattackofthedevil.Thedevilseesheislosingthegameandsomakeshislastdesperateattack.Justaswhenfightingthedestructiveanimus,slowlythewomanhasbeguntofightandstandagainsthim,yetthebattlehasnotbeenwonforheisstillhangingroundthecorner;thedevilisnotquitedrivenoutandperhapsalittlemorefireisputintothethingandthencomesafinalattack,whichisgenerallysobadthatitlooksasthougheverythingwouldhavetobestartedalloveragainforitisasbadasattheverybeginning:everythinghasbeenlostandthedevilisragingasbadlyaseverbefore.

Generallythatisaverygoodsign,foritsimplymeansthatnowhellis

losingitspowerandthereforethereisalastattack,thedevil

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usesthelastofhisammunition.Sayinggoodbyetoaneuroticattitudeisaverysadbusinessandnobodyhasevergotoutofitwithoutfeelingsad,forunfortunatelyaneurosisisalovableconditionandoneresentsbeingseparatedfromit.Sowhenonereachesthefinalstage,whereonceandforallitisnecessarytosaygoodbyetosomekindofinfantilityoranimusopinionorsoon,thereisalwayssomekindofacrisis.Thatiswhatmythologyillustratesbythefactthatwhenthesaviourchildisbornallthepowersofdarknessattackworsethaneverbefore,andinourownChristianmythweseeitintheformoftheslaughteroftheinnocentsinBethlehem.Thedivinechildnaturallyalwaysescapes;itisalastoutbreakofdarknessagainstsomethingalreadysopowerfulthatthoughnewlybornitcannotbesuppressedanymore.

Theauthorhereillustratesthisbysayingitisthelightbornindarkness.YouwillrememberthatinSenior'sloveletterfromthesuntothemoonitwasalsosaidattheendthatthelightwasborninutterdarkness,whenGodwouldsendHisson,andthencamewhatyoucouldcalltheadoptionofChristbyGod.WhenSt.JohntheBaptistbaptisedChrist,theheavensopenedandthedovecamedownandthevoiceofGodsaid:"ThisismybelovedsoninwhomIamwellpleased."AtthatmomentitwasmademanifestthatChristwasthesonofGod.

HereGodisfeminine,beingrepresentedbytheWisdomofGod,andthesonistheauthor.SoitisarepetitionofChrist'slife,butitistheauthorwhohasbeenacceptedasthesonbytheWisdomofGod,whichmeansthatthearchetypalfigurewhichbrokeinadoptedhimasason.HebecomesachildoftheWisdomofGod.Hethensumsuptheexperiencebysayingthatthisisthedeathwhichwomanbroughtinandwhichwomanhasdrivenout.

IntheofficialChurchallegorythewomanwhobroughtdeathintotheworldwasEve,bytheappleofParadise,andtheVirginMarydrovedeathawaywhenshegavebirthtoChrist.Sointhepatriarchaltraditiontherearetwowomen:Evewhobroughtdeathintothisworld,andtheVirginMarywhodrovedeathout.Ourtextisunusualforthe13thcenturyinthatsomebodydaredtosaythatthewomanwhobroughtdeathintotheworldandthewomanwhodroveitoutwereoneandthesame.ThereisonlyonewomanEveandMaryareone.

Itissoconfusedinthetextthatunlessyouthinkaboutityoumightnotnoticeorrealizewhatheissaying,butthatistypicalfor

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thisauthor.Hesaysthemostshockingandamazingthings,butinsuchbeautifulbiblicallanguagethatonewonderswhatheisreallygettingat,andthenonerealizestheterriblethingsheissaying,fromamedievalpointofview.

Ithinkthatspringsfromthefactthathespokeunconsciously;hewasoverwhelmedbytheimageoftheunconsciousandproclaimeditscompensatorytruthwithoutquiterealizingtheenormityofwhathewassaying.Hejustfelthisownexperience,thatanimageofawomanhethoughttobetheWisdomofGodhadkilledhimandthenrestoredhimtolife,whichiswhyhedescribesherasthewomanwhobroughtindeathandafterwardsrestoredlife.Thisheamplifiesinpurelychemicaloralchemicallanguagebysaying:"Takeawayhissoulandbringbackhissoul.Takeawaythedestructivehumidityandnourishitwiththenaturalhumidityandthatwillbeperfection."

Theextractioanimae,theextractionofthesoul,meansinchemicallanguageadistillation.Ifyouevaporateachemicalsubstancethenithasavapourlikeform;thatisitssoulandifyouprecipitateorcoagulateitagain,thenitreturnsintothebody,anobvioussimile.Thenthesimileofthehumiditycomesintoo,forbyfirethecorruptiblehumidityhastobedistilledandthenthevivifyinghumidityispouredin.

Thathasbeendescribedinotheralchemicaltexts,forinstancebysayingyouhavetoreduceeverythingtoashes,thedriestsubstanceonearth.Ifyouhaveeverpouredwateronashesyouwillknowhowmuchcanbeabsorbed,sotheysayeverythinghastobeburnttoashestomakesureeverybitofdestructivehumidityhasleftthesubstance;thenpurewatermustbepouredontorestorethemtosolidform.

Pouringwateronthepulverizedasheswouldbenourishingthemwithlivingwater.Thatcorrespondstoouranalyticalwork,foritisineffect

whatwedowhenwedriveoutthecorruptiblehumiditywhich,inpracticallanguage,meansallthedifferentkindsofunconsciousness,alltheblindandunconsciousspotswhichhamperlivingexistence.Wedonotevenknowinhowmanywayswearehamperedinourfullnessoflifebyunconsciousassumptionsorfeelings.Thatissomethingmoreobvioustotheotherpersonthantotheindividualconcerned,butifsuchanunconsciousspotishitinanotherperson,thatpersonwillsay,"ButIthought...,"forsomethinghasjustbeenassumed.

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Forinstance,therearemanypeoplewholivefarbelowtheirspirituallevelbecausetheyassumetheyarenobodiesandaresosureofitthattheynevereventhinkofquestioningthefact.Itissoself-evidenttothemthattheywouldnotthinkofspeakingofittotheanalystfortheydonotthinkthereisanythingtodiscuss.Butthenonedaythedreamshowswhattheythink,andtheyarequiteamazed,fortheyhadthoughtittruethattheywerenobodies.Thatwouldbecorruptiblehumidity,aspotofunconsciousnesswhichhascreptintothesystemwithwomenintheformofanimusopinions,orshadowdrives,orwhateveritmaybe.Itissoself-evidentthatonedoesnoteventhinkofdrivingitout,anditisthetaskindreamanalysistodiscoversuchthings.Itisquiteashocktorealizethatonehasalwaysthoughtsomethingaboutwhichonemightthinkdifferently.

Thatisoneofthousandsofpossibleexamplesofwhatcorruptibleunconsciousnessmeans.Unconsciousfeeling,orthinkinginacertainway,isacorruptiblehumiditywhichwedonotnoticeanditistheaimoftheopustocookallthatout.Thedreamsspotthefactandbyinterpretingandintegratingwhattheysayweslowlygetridofthatcorruptiblehumidity.Butifwegoontoolong,ifweoveranalyse,wemissacertainverydecisivemomentintheprocesswhichshouldbecontinuedonlyforacertaintimesinceifitiscontinuedtoolongpeoplebecomeunspontaneous.

Youmayhavemetsuchoveranalysedpeoplewhohavelostanykindofspontaneityinlife.Beforetheyevengreetyoutheysaytheyknowtheywillprojecttheanimaontoyou,ortheycomeandsaythattheyhateSo-and-Soandaresureitisashadowprojection.Butwhyshouldn'tonedislikesomebody?Overanalysing,continuingtheprocesstoolong,createsasecondneurosis,whichisaverygeneraldiseaseandverydifficulttocure.Naturallyitisakindofunconsciousnesstoo.Wecouldthereforecallitthesecondphase,the

returntothewateroflife,thereturntospontaneity,returntoanimmediateandnaturalandspontaneouswayoflivingwithoutforgettingwhatonehaslearnt.

Toclimboutofthewaterandsitinthesunandthenhavetojumpbackintothewaterisaverydangerousbusiness.Itcanbedonebyjustfallingbackintotheformerstate,butthathasnomerit.Oneshouldreturn,butkeepingthesecondformofanalyticalconsciousness,keepingtheawarenessoftheshadowandtheanimaandsoon.Sothesecondphaseisconsciousspontaneityinwhich

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theparticipationofconsciousnessisnotlostandthatissomethingverydifficultbecauseitissomucheasiertogoonoveranalysing,ortoslipbackintotheformerstateofunconsciousness.

Question:Ifpeopleareoveranalysed,isitnotthefaultoftheanalyst,namelythathegivestoomuchinterpretationanddoesnotleavetheanalysandtohisownprocess?

Dr.vonFranz:Iwouldnotsayso.Ithinkthatmightcontributetosuchanunfortunatestate,butingeneral,inmyexperience,thatisnottheonlyreason.Iknowanalystswhoarecompletelypassiveandwhoexcelinnotinterferingandcanstillproduceoveranalysedanalysands,becausethelatterdoitthemselves!Forwhatwaspositiveinthebeginning,namelytheneedtofindoutandtoreflectandrealizewhatisgoingon,isexperiencedassomethingveryredeeming.Theyhavegotoutofaproblembyreflection,bythinkingitover,andnaturally,becauseithadsucharedeemingqualityinthebeginning,theykeeponwithitandmissthemoment.

Ieventhinkitisnecessarythateachcaseshouldreachaperiodofbeingoveranalysed,thatitisanecessaryphaseofthework,astagewhichmustbereachedsothatthenthisconsciousreturncantakeplace,namelytherealizationoftheneedtoreturntospontaneity,andreturningtoitconstantly,forotherwiseyouslipbackunconsciously.

ThealchemistGerhardDornsaysthattheanimaiscaughtinthebodyofamanandhehaswithamentalefforttofishherout,butthenthebodyisdead.Thatisthewayhedescribesit.Hesaysitwouldbeasifamonkretiredfromtheworldandmeditatedandgothisanimaoutofthebodythroughasceticismandthen,hesays,ifhewentonwiththathewouldjustbedead.Ifyourejectthebodyyoucannotlive,sonowyouhavetogetthebodyback.

ImaginethemindandthesoulandbodyasentitiesthemindfortheChristianisalittlehigher,itrepresentsgoodintentionsandapositiveprogramoflife,etc.Suchapersonmayfishuphisanimathroughaperiodofasceticism.Dorncomparesittothemonkwhomeditatesinsteadofliving.Whathappensisthatthemindpullsuptheanimaandthebodybelowliesdead.Thebodyhasnothingmoretosaybecausetheprojectionhasbeencompletelywithdrawnandthatwouldrepresentaconditionofcompletementalintroversiontheuniomentalisbetweenmindandanima.Dornsayshedoesnotwanttostophere,forwhatistohappentothepoor

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69.Thesecretcontentofthealchemicalwork:alchemistandsorormysticafishing(centre)forNeptune(animus,theunconsciousmasculine)and(below)formermaid(anima,theunconsciousfeminine).Fishing,acommonmotifindreams,referstotheprocessofbecomingaware

ofunconsciousattitudes,opinions,andfeelings.

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body?Hesaysthatnowcomesaterribledangerbecausethebodyshouldberedeemedtoo,butifmindandsoulgoonlyabittowardsthebodytheyfallplumbintoit;itislikeanironmagnetandthenthewholeworkiswrong.

Thereforeitistobeapproachedwithwisdom,andDorndoesthisbyachemicalactofimagination:insteadofsnappingbackintothebody,thebodytoohastoberaisedontoahigherlevel,andthenthetwoareunitedbutnotintheoldstate.Thatwouldcorrespondtosayingthatoneisgoingtoforgetaboutprojectionandtheshadowandsoonandjustlive.

ThatiswhyIthinkthestateofbeingoveranalysedisnecessary;itisastagewhichhastobereachedinorderthatthisuniocorporisbeaccomplishedintherightway,andnotaccordingtotheoldpattern.Inanindirectwaytheanalystallowsamistaketooccur,butundercertaincircumstancesyouhavetoallowforthatinordertomakethereturnintherightway.Ithinkthemistakeananalystcanmakeisnottoknowaboutthenecessityforthereturn,andsowhenthedreamsannouncetheneedforthechangeitisoverlooked.

Irememberthedreamofananalysandwhohadoveranalysedandwhodreamtthathewasnearwaterwhereamanwasfishing.Inthewaterhesawabeautifulgoldenfishandhetoldthefishermantogetit.Butthefisherman,averynatural,simpleman,saidNo,themanshouldjumpinandjointhefish!Thatisabeautifulillustrationshowingthatnowthemomentofreturnhascometheunconsciouscouldnothavespokenmoreclearly.Tojumpdownandjointhefishinsteadoffishingitoutwouldbecompletelycontranaturam,buttheprocesscouldnothavebeenbetterillustrated.Thatwassomeonewhohadhadeightyearsofanalysis,beginningwithaFreudian,andnowheshouldswimwiththefish.Ithinkthishastodowithtakingawaythe

corruptiblehumidityandbringingbackthenaturalhumidity;thatwouldbegettingbackintotheflowoflife.

Thenextparablesays:

Hewhobreaksthelocksonmydoorsandtakesawaythelightfromitsplace,andwholoosensthefettersofmyprisonofdarknessandgivesmysoulwhichisthirstycornandhoney,andinvitesmetodinnersothatIcanrestinpeace,sothatthesevengiftsoftheHolyGhostshallrestoverme,thatonewillhavehadpityonme.Onewillcollectmefromallcountriesandpourpurewateroverme,sothatIwillbepurifiedfrommygreatestsinandfromthedemonofmidday.

Fromthesolesofmyfeettomyheadthereisnohealthinme.OnewillalsocleansemyhiddenandextraneousblemishessothatIwillforgetallmy

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70.TheReunionoftheSoulandtheBody,byWilliamBlake.Thealchemical

stageofreanimatingthebody(aftertheseparatio,differentiatingspiritandmatter)correspondstothepsychologicalgoalof

''consciousspontaneity,"i.e.,participatingintheflowoflifeconsciouslyyetwithoutanalysingeverything.

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sins,forGodhasbaptisedmewithoilandhasgivenmethecapacityforpenetrationandliquefactioninthedayofmyresurrectionwhenIwillbeglorifiedbyGod.Becausethisgenerationcomesandgoes,tillthatonecomeswhoshouldbesentandwhofreesmefromtheyokeofmyprisoninwhichwesatforseventyyearsnearthewatersofBabylon,cryingandhangingupourharpsbecausethedaughtersofJerusalemwereproudandhigh-neckedandflirtedwiththeireyes.

ThentheLordwillmakebaldtheheadsofthedaughtersofSion,thenthelawwillcomeforthfromSionandthewordoftheLordfromJerusalem.Onthatdaysevenwomenwillseizeonemanandtheywillsaywehaveeatenourbreadandcoveredourselveswithourownclothes,whydoyounotdefendourbloodwhichisshedlikewaterinJerusalem?Andtheywillreceivethedivineanswer:"Waitstillalittletillthenumberofourbrothersiscomplete,andhewhothenwillbeleftinJerusalemwillbesavedandthefilthofthedaughtersofSionwillbewashedawaybythespiritofwisdomandinsight.Tenacresofvineyardswillgiveonebucketfulofwine,andthirtymeasuresofcornthreebushels."

Hewhounderstandsthiswillbeunshakableineternity.HewhohasearstohearshallhearwhatthespiritofthedoctrinesaystothesonsofwisdomabouttheBabyloniancaptivity,whichlastedseventyyearsandwhichthephilosophersamplifybythefollowingwords:"Manifoldaretheaspectsoftheseventyprescriptions."

ThischapterisnotasinterestingastheotherssoIcanfinishitbriefly.Thereisagaintheideaofaprisonbeingbrokenopen,andthenofthedaughtersofJerusalemwhohavebeenarrogantandluxuriousandhavetobewashedandpunishedbythespiritofwisdomandinsight.ThenthereisthenotionoftheBabyloniancaptivityinwhichonehastostayonforseventyyearstilloneisfreedfromit,andafterwardscomesanallusiontothefactthatthiscaptivebeingwillexperiencearesurrection.Itsays,"InthedayofmyresurrectionIwillcomeoutwhenIwillbeglorifiedbyGod."Theanalogytotheformerchaptersisclear,butbeforeitwasfirstthedarkcloudwhichwasthenegative

thing,thenthewaterandHerodkillingtheinnocents;nowthereistheaspectofbeinginaprisonandbeingpunishedforarrogance,andthatfromthiskindofcaptivity,whichlastsacertaintime,onewillalsobefreed.

Youprobablynoticedtherepeatedmentionofthenumberseven.BeforewehadthesevenstarsandnowtherearetheseventyyearsoftheBabyloniancaptivityandsoon.Thishastodowiththefactthatsevenwaslookedonfromthestandpointofnumbersymbolismasthenumberofevolution,becauseofthesevenplanetsthefiveknownplanets,plusthesunandmoonwhicharetheconstituentsofeveryhumantotalityrepresentedinthehoroscope.Theideaisthattherearesevendaysintheweekandthenthecyclebegins

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71.Thealchemicalseven-petalledflower,symbolisingthesevenplanetsandseven

stagesoftransformation,relatespsychologicallyto"evolutionintime,"theslowprocessof

becomingconscious.

againthereisalwaystheideathatsevenhastodowithaprocessofslowevolutionintime.Andthatiswhyherethetimefactorisintheforeground:itisaproblemofhavingtostayinprisonforacertainlengthoftime,whichischaracterizedbyevolution,afterwhicharesurrectionwilltakeplace.

Itcompensateswhatweallalsoknowfromourownexperienceoftheunconscious,namelyatremendousconsciousfeelingofimpatiencewherepeoplealwayswonderwhytheydonotgetonandwhethertheycannotyetdothisandthat,andsoon.Onehassometimestotellpeoplethattheyhavetoremainintheirdepressionanddifficultyaslongasitlasts.Peopleaskhowlongitwilltaketogetridoftheirsymptoms,orproblems,orwhateveritmaybe,andonecanonlysayuntiltheevolutionhastakenplace;takenfromasiderealtimestandpoint,nobodyknowshowlongitwilllast.Itcanbelongorshort,becauseasDr.Jungsays,onedoesnotsolveconflicts,oneoutgrowsthem.Thereforetocomeoutofaproblemmeansanevolution,eitherlongorshort.

Theproblemhereinourtextiscertainlyonewhichcannotbesolved,itcanonlybeoutgrownthroughaninnertransformationoftheauthor.Thatisthemeaningoftheendlessrepetitionofthesameproblem,whichisboundtoanumberwhichstandsforevolution.Thismanhasfallenintoaproblemwhichhecannotsolveintellectually,andthatisdestiny.Hehasbeenhitbyfateandcanonlygrowfromitwhenhehasrecoveredhisbalance,ifthereisstilltimebutifSt.Thomaswastheauthorthenhediedinthemiddleofit.

Themotifsofdeathandresurrectionafterdeatharebeginningtoshowup,togetherwiththeideaofeternallife.Forinstance:Hewhohearsthiswillbenotshakenineternity.Whenoneisresurrected,

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thefiguresays,thenonehasthepowerofpenetrationinthedayofresurrection.ThepowerofpenetrationisaverystrangeexpressioninthistextbecausefromGreektimeonitwassaidthatthephilosopher'sstonehadthecapacityofpenetratingeveryotherobject,andthatislinkedupwiththeideaoftheEgyptianfuneralritualandideasoflifeafterdeath.

InEgyptitwasthoughtthatifsomebodydidnotgothroughtheprocessofresurrectionproperly,thenthatpersonwouldafterdeathbeimprisonedinthecoffinchamber,whilesomeonewhohadgonethroughtheprocessofbecomingOsirisandbecomingdivine,i.e.,hadgonethroughthewholeritualoftheresurrection,wouldbeable,asthepapyritextssay,toappearinanyshapeanyday.Thatmeantthedeadcouldleavethecoffinchamber;theycouldleavethetombofthepyramidandwalkaboutinthedaylightandcouldchangeshape.TheycouldappearasacrocodileandlieaboutinthesunbytheNile,ortheycouldflyaboutasanibis.

Thehighestgoaloftheresurrectionwasthoughtofasthisabilitytobecompletelyfreetochangeintoanyshapeandtomoveaboutthroughanythinginthismaterialworld,akindofghostlikebeingwhichcouldwalkthroughcloseddoorsandcouldmanifestinanydesiredform.Thatisthehighestgoaloflifeafterdeath,accordingtothepapyrioftheEgyptianprayersforthedead,andthealchemistsconnectedthisideawiththeirconceptofthephilosopher'sstone,thatdivinenucleusinmanwhichisimmortalandubiquitousandabletopenetrateanymaterialobject.Itisanexperienceofsomethingimmortallastingbeyondphysicaldeath.Youknowthatinparapsychologicalreportsthisisalsosometimesmentionedasatypicalqualityofthesoulofadyingperson.

Irememberthestoryofamanwhohadhadasevereoperation.He

wokeupfromthenarcosisandfeelingallrightgotoutofbedandwalkedthroughthehospital.Henoticed,butwithoutmuchofashock,thathecouldwalkthroughcloseddoors,thoughhedidnottakethatveryseriously,itdidnotquitecometohisconsciousness.Hewalkedonrightoutofthehospitaltothestreetandsuddenlyavoicesaidtohim:"Ifyouwanttoreturn,thisisthelastmoment,quick!"Soinapanicherushedbackintothehospitalandatthatmomenthereallywokeupfromtheanestheticandthedoctorwassaying:"MyGod,wenearlydidn'tbringhimback."Hishearthadfailedandthroughheartmassagetheyhadbroughthimbackatthatverymoment,butsubjectivelyhehadtheexperienceofjustwalking

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outandthespecificexperienceofwalkingthroughdoors,whichhehalf-consciouslythoughtwasratherodd.

Soyouseethatisthesubtlebodyinaparapsychologicalform,theghostofthedeadalreadycapableofwalkingthroughshutdoors.Thesereportshavetobetakenastheyare,wecannotdiscussthempsychologically.Wecanbelievethemornot;wecannotmakeapointoutofsuchthingsbecausetheyarereportsofuniquesituationsbutprobablyfromsuchexperienceshasarisenthegenerallywidespreadideathattheghostofthedead,thesurvivingsoul,canwalkthroughmaterialobjects,somethingbelievedinallcountrieswheretheybelieveinghosts.Thatwasandislookedonasproofoftheimmaterial,immortalaspectofthepsyche.

Ifwetakethis,notasanexperienceofthedeathprocess,butastheexperienceofalivingbeing,itcouldbetheinfluenceoftheunconsciousonthesurroundingsnotanintentionalone,butbecauseoneisinconnectionwiththeSelf,theSelfbeginstohaveacertaineffectonotherpeople.Assoonasoneintendstoexertsuchaninfluenceitgenerallygoes,butanunintentionalinfluencecancertainlyhappen.IfoneisconnectedwiththeSelfinwardly,thenonecanpenetratealllifesituations.Inasmuchasoneisnotcaughtinthem,onewalksthroughthem;thatmeansthereisaninnermostnucleusofthepersonalitywhichremainsdetached,sothatevenifthemosthorriblethingshappentoone,thefirstreactionisnotathought,oraphysicalreaction,butratheraninterestinthemeaning.

Itisasifapartoftheconsciousalertnessofthepersonalityremainedsteadilyconcentratedonthemeaningfulnessofanyeventinlife,sothatoneisneverunconsciouslylostorcaughtinit.Psychologicalcaptivityisanemotionalfactor.Beingcaughtissimplybeingcaughtinsomethingemotionalorinstinctive.Ifoneiscaughtinaprojection,

afeelingofhateorlove,onecan'tgetoutofit,whichiswhypeoplealwayssay:"I'mawfullysorry,butIcan'thelpit."

Thatisaprison,foraprisonisanykindofpsychologicalfactorinwhichonefeelstrapped,whileifonehasanawarenessofandconstantalertnesstotheSelf,oneisnolongercaughtinanything;thereisaninnermostpartofthepersonalitywhichremainsfreeandcannotbecaughtanymore.Thestateofhelplessnessinwhichoneiscaughtbyone'sowninnerprocessesstops,whichamountstoatremendoussteadyingoftheinnermostcoreofthepersonality;that

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iscomparabletothephilosopher'sstone,whichissymbolicallywhatthesteadyinnerexperienceforms.

Question:Wouldyouconnectthiswithwhatyousaidearlierabouttheoveranalysedpersonwhohadtojumpintothestreamwiththegoldenfish?Becausethatpersonwasalsostayingoutsidetheexperience.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,butifhereturnsnowandswimswiththefishhewillnotthinkheisafishandhewillnotbecaughtinthefishexistence.Onereturnstoexperience,naiveexperience,butoneisnolongercaughtinit.Toreturntothewater,tousethemetaphorofthedream,wouldmeantogocompletelyandspontaneouslyintotheexperiencewhilesomethingyetremainsoutside,asifasecondpartofthepersonalitywerewatchingtheexperience.

IfyouuseEasternterms,youcouldsaythatyougoonlivingspontaneouslybutonepartofyouisconcernedwithTaoallthetime.Youarenotcaughtbywhatishappening,butaredirectedtowardsTao,andifyoucandetachfromlifeasmuchasthatyouhavereachedimmortality;thatissomethingwhichcannotbealteredevenbydeathdeathbecomesachanceeventwhichdoesnotaffectthenucleusofthepersonality,sothatatleastsubjectivelyitisanexperienceofbeingimmortal.

Question:Jumpingintothewaterislikejumpingconsciouslyintotheunconscious,isn'tit?

Dr.vonFranz:No,notalways;inthatcaseIwouldsayitmeantjumpingconsciouslyintosomeexperience,anexperienceoflife.Withanintrovertitwouldbethat.Inthiscaseitwasnotjumpingintotheunconscioushedidthatlongagoitwasjumpingintolife,beginningtoliveagainwithoutalwaysthinking:"That'smyanima,"andsoon.

Remark:Itwouldmeantheriveroflife.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,gettingintotheriveroflife.

Question:Butisspontaneitynotincompatiblewithconsciousness?

Dr.vonFranz:No,thatistheparadoxwhichhastobereachedconsciousspontaneity.Itisbeingspontaneousbutwithaslightretardation.Consciousnessbecomessomethinglikeretardedspontaneity.Putpractically:supposeyouareinasituationwhere

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yougetangryandintendtoletyourangeroutbecausethatiswhatyoufeellikespontaneously,andyouarenotgoingtobeunspontaneous.Yetitisnotlikejustflyingintoarageforthentheragegetsyou.Ratheryouhaveitinhand.Youstopandtimeitaminute,sayYesorNotoit,thetimeismeasured,andthenyouletitout.Thenitistheparadoxofconsciousspontaneity.

Theothermayaccuseyouofputtingonanact,sayingyouwerenotreallyangry;butitwashonestanger,onlyconsciousnesshaditabsolutelyinhandandinthatwayitwasconsciouslyactive.Itisaparadoxforitisconsciouslyactiveandstillspontaneous.ThatIwouldcallconsciousspontaneitycompletespontaneityyetalwaysknowingwhatoneisdoing.

Remark:Thewaterwastransparentinthedream,soitcouldn'tbetheunconscious.

Dr.vonFranz:Thatisright,inthisman'scaseitwasnotunconsciousness,itmeantlife.Hewasanintrovertandhadoveranalysedsomuchthathedidn'tliveanymoreandhehadsimplytolearntogoandliveinspiteofallheknew.

Forinstance,hehadaterriblebossinhisprofession,abrutalmilitaryofficerwholikedtoshoutatpeopleiftheworkwasnotbroughtpunctually.Hetreatedthemlikedogs,whichnaturallyhadacastratingeffectuponothermen.Myanalysand'sspontaneousfeelingwastohitback,butthatkindofthinghecouldnotdo.Healwayssaidhisbossmustbeashadowfigureforhim,healwaysanalysedhisaggression.Sojumpingintothewatermeant,amongotherthings,justtobeaggressive,buttotimeitright,becausehecouldhavehitthismanandknockedhimout,andtoknockoutyourbosswouldnotbeagoodthingforyoudependonhimforaliving!Ithadtobedoneintherightway,soonceheshoutedbackandsaidhewasnotgoingtobetreated

likethat,andhegotupandwalkedoutoftheroomandslammedthedoor.

Theresultwasthathisbossinvitedhimtosupper.Hesaidhewasarealmanandhemadefriendswithhim.Thatwastheresultofforoncejumpingintothewaterandliving,insteadofalwaysanalysinghisownaggressionandtheawfulnessofhisaggressiveshadowbuthehadtodoitconsciously,becausehisnaive,spontaneousreactionwouldhavebeentoknockouttheman'steeth,whichwouldhavebeenabittoomuch!

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72.Alchemistsatworkonvariousstagesoftheprocess.Enlightenmentispersonifiedasthesun(bottomleft)bringingthegoldenflower,symbol

ofthephilosopher'sstone.

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Lecture9AuroraConsurgensWewereinthemiddleofthecircularprocess,asyouremember,whereeachchapterseemstobeginwithasimilarsituationtouseanalchemicalexpression,withanigredoandthenadescriptionofacertaintreatmentofmatter,andattheendofeachchapterthereisanaspectofthealbedo.Itisfirstshownintheformoftheblackcloudwhichcoverstheearthandthesoulorwomanwhoisredeemedfromit,andthenitcomesintheformofafloodcoveringmatterandawomanbringingandthendrivingdeathawayagain,afterwhichthewhitepearlsappear.

Inthelastchapterwecommentedupon,thenigredotooktheformoftheBabyloniancaptivity,whichlastedseventyyearsandfromwhichlaterthedaughtersofJerusalemandofSionareredeemed.TheprocesshasbeendescribedeitherasawashingprocessthematteriswashedagainandagainorintheformofananointingwiththewateroftheChurch,thechrism,sothatthepowerofpenetrationenterstheobjecttreated,andsoon.

Justwhichobjectistreatedisthegreatproblem;sometimesitissaidtheprimamateriaisthemattertreatedinthealchemicalprocess,butthenfromthesayingsitisclearthatitistheWisdomofGodwhichhas,sotospeak,fallenandbecomeidenticalwithmatter,andthenagainitissometimestheauthorhimselfforhespeaksinthefirstperson:"Iamcryinginthenight...."Fromthatwehavetoconcludethatthespiritinmatterandtheauthoraresometimescontaminatedthedifferencebetweenthetwoisblurred,andthealchemisthasbecomeliterallyidenticalwiththemysticalobjectheiscookinginhisvessel.

Thisborderson,orgetsverycloseto,apsychoticstatewhereitistypicalforegoconsciousnesstobeswallowedup,havingbecomeidenticalwithcertaincomplexesoftheunconscious,generallyofanarchetypalnature.ItalsohappensinwhatDr.Jungcallsavoluntarypsychosis,namelyinactiveimagination.Wethereforedonotquiteknowandcannotquitejudgebythepaperitself,whetherwearefacedwithaninvoluntarypsychosisorwithwhatonecould

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callavoluntarypsychosis,namelywithaproductofsuchaformofmeditation.

IfmyhypothesisiscorrectandthisdocumentwaswrittenbySt.ThomasofAquinasinhisdeathstruggle,thenboththesethingsarenotquitetrue.Butthereisathirdpossibility,i.e.,thatinthiscaseitisanirruptionofanarchetypalcontentoftheunconsciouswhichcannotbecalledapsychoticepisode,butratherapremortalinvasionoftheunconscious,sotospeak,whichcanalsotakeonsimilarforms,reachednotbymeditationbutbyasuddenbreakingthroughofthecollectiveunconsciousintotheveryrationalmentalsystemofanunusualpersonality.Thenthesechapterswouldshowhowinthedeathstrugglethepersonalitystilltriestoassimilatethisshock,todigestitandfindarightattitudetowardsit,tointegratethecontentwhichhasbrokenin.Thatismyhypothesisofthetext.Itisnotmorethananhypothesis;Icanonlysayitisprobable,butcannotdeclareitasacertainty.

Hereisthenextchapter:

HewhodoesthewillofmyFatherandcastsoffthisworldintotheworld,heshallsitwithmeuponthethroneofmykingdomabovethechairofDavidandthethronesofthepeopleofIsrael.ThatisthewillofmyFather,thatonemayseethatHeistrueandthatthereisnoneotherwhogivesabundantly,withoutstintorhesitation,toallnationstruly,andHisonlybegottenSon,GodofGods,LightofLights,andoftheHolyGhostwhichproceedethfrombothandiscoequalwiththeFatherandtheSon.ForintheFatheriseternity,andintheSonequality,andintheHolyGhosttheunionofeternityandequality.

Inasmuchasitissaid,astheFathersotheSonandsotheHolyGhost,thesethreeareone,namelybody,spirit,andsoul,forallperfectionisfoundeduponthenumberthree,i.e.,measure,number,andweightfortheFatherismadeofnone,theSonisoftheFather,andtheHolyGhost

proceedethfromboth.

TotheFatherisattributedwisdombywhichHerulesandordersallthingsinmoderation,whosewaysareincomprehensibleandwhosejudgementisbeyondunderstanding.

TotheSonisattributedthetruth[butwiththenuanceoftherealizedtruth]sincewhenHedweltamongusHeacceptedsomethingwhichHewasnot,perfectGodandatthesametimemansprungfromhumanloinsandrationalsoul;obeyingtheorderofHisFatherandsupportedbytheHolyGhostHehasredeemedtheworldlostthroughthesinoftheparents.

TotheHolyGhostisattributedthelovewhichtransformseveryterrestrialthingintoaheavenlyoneandthisinthreerespects:bybaptisingitinthestream,withblood,andinfieryflames.Inthestreamhequickensandpurifies,washingawayalldirtandremovingallthatis"smokey"fromthesoul.

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73.BirthoftheDragon,byMargaretJacoby.Snakesanddragonsarecommonrepresentations,inmythologyanddreams,oftheimpersonalspiritoftheunconscious;whenitirruptsintoconsciousnessitmaydemandtobe

picturedinordertoassimilatetheexperience.

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Asitissaid:Thoudostfructifythewatersforthevivificationofsouls.Forwaternourishesalllivingbeings,thereforewaterstreamingdownfromHeavenintoxicatestheearthwhichreceivesthepowerbywhichallmetalscanbedissolved.Thereforetheearthdesireswater,saying:Sendthyspiritualpneuma,i.e.,water,anditwillberenewedandthoucreatestanewthefaceoftheearth,forheblowethhisbreathontotheearthandmakethittrembleandwhenhetoucheththemountainstheysmoke,butwhenhebaptisesinbloodhenourisheth.

Asitissaid:Thewaterofblessedwisdomhasnourishedmeandhisbloodisthetruepotion,forthesoulislocatedintheblood.AsSeniorsays:Thesoulremainsimmersedinwaterwhichissimilartoitinwarmthandhumidityandinwhichalllifeconsists.Butwhenhebaptiseswithflamingfire,thenhepoursinthesoulandendowsperfectionoflife.Forfireshapesandperfectsthewhole.Asitiswritten:Hebreathesintohisnostrilshislivingbreathandmanwhobeforewasdeadbecomesalivingsoul.

Thefirst,second,andthirdeffectsaretestifiedtobythephilosopherswhosay:''Thewaterconservestheembryoduringthreemonthswithinthewomb,airnourishesandsustainsitforthreemonths,andduringthelastthreemonthsfirepreservesit."Andthechildshallnotcometolightbeforeallthesemonthsarefulfilled,butthenitshallbebornandreceivelifefromthesunwhoistheresuscitatorofalldeadthings.Thereforeitisascribedtothisspiritbecauseofhisperfectionandsevenfoldgiftthathehathsevenpowersinhiseffectupontheearth.

ThisisaverylongchaptersoIwillskippartofit.Firsthewarmsuptheearth,andsoon:

Asitissaid:FirepenetratesandrefinesthroughitswarmthandCaledMinorsays:Warmupthecoldnessoftheonewiththewarmthoftheother.AsSeniorsays:Putthemaleoverthefemale,i.e.,warmthovercoldness.Secondly,thespiritextinguishestheinnerfire,ofwhichtheprophetsays:Andthefirewaskindledintheirassemblyandflameconsumedtheimpiousonearth,andCaledMinorputoutthefireoftheonewiththecoldnessoftheother.

Thereareafewotherquotationswhichmeanthesamething,namelythatyouhavetoputoutfirewithfire.

Thirdly,thespiritsoftensandliquefiesthehardnessoftheearth.Intheprocesshewillsendouthiswordandliquefythem,hispneumawillblowandthewaterwillflow.Andsomewhereelseitissaid:Thewomandissolvestheman,asthemancongealsthewoman,i.e.,thespiritdissolvesthebodyandsoftensit,andthebodyletsthespiritbecomesolid.

Fourthly,thespiritilluminates,foritexpungesalldarknessfromthebody,asitisexpressedinthehymn:Purifythehorribledarknessesofourmind,letthesensesbeenlightened.Andtheprophetsays:Heleadsthemthewholenightinthelightofthefireandthenightshallbeasbrightastheday.AsSenioralsoobserved,hemakeseveryblackthingwhiteandeverywhitethingred,forwaterwhitensandfiregiveslight.AndintheBookoftheQuintessenceitiswritten:Thoubeholdestamarvellouslightinthedarkness.

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Fifthly,thespiritsegregatesthepurefromtheimpure,foritremovesallaccidentalthingsofthesoul,thevapoursandbadodours,andasitissaid:Fireseparateswhatisdifferentandaggregateswhatissimilar.Thereforetheprophetsaysthouhastprovedmeinthefireandnoevilwasfoundinme.AndHermessays:Thoushaltseparatethedensefromthesubtleandearthfromfire.AndAlphidiussays:Theearthbecomesliquidandistransformedintowater,waterbecomesliquidandistransformedintoair,airbecomesliquidandistransformedintofire,firebecomesliquidandistransformedintoglorifiedearth.AndthiseffectiswhatHermesmeanswhenhesaysinhissecret:Thoushaltseparatetheearthfromfire,andthesubtlefromthedense,andthismustbedonesmoothly.

Sixthly,thespiritraisesupthatwhichislow,foritbringstothesurfacethesoulthatishiddendeepintheearthofwhichtheprophetsays:Hebringethforththeprisonersinhispowerandalso,thouhasdeliveredmysoulfromthedeepestHell.Isaiahalsoaffirms:ThepneumaoftheLordliftedmeup.Andthephilosopherssay:Whoevercanmakethehiddenvisibleunderstandsthewholework,andwhoeverknowsourCambar[i.e.,fire]heisatruephilosopher.

Seventhlyandlastly,heconfersthelivingspirit,spiritualizingbyhisbreaththeearthlybodyofwhichitissaid:Thouspiritualizethmanthroughthybreath.AndSolomonsays:ThespiritofGodfilleththeearth.Theprophetalsosays:Andthroughthepneumaofhismouthalltheirgloryexists.AndRasissaysintheLightofLights[anArabictext]:Theheavycanonlyberaisedbythelightandthelightcanonlybeweigheddownbytheheavy.AndintheTurba[anothertext]itissaid:Makethebodyincorporealandthesolidvolatile.

Allthisisdonewithourspiritbecauseitalonecanpurifythatwhichwasconceivedofimpureseed.DonottheScripturessay:Washyourselvesandyoushallbepure.AndNaamanwastoldtodipseventimesintheJordanwhenhewouldbecomeclean.Forthereisonlyonebaptismfortheablutionofsins,astheCreedandtheprophetstestify.Whohathearstohear,lethimhearwhatthespiritofthedoctrinesaystothesonsofthescienceoftheeffectofthesevenfoldspirit,ofwhichthewholeScriptures

arefilledandtowhichthephilosophersalludeinthesewords:Distillitseventimes,whenyouwillhaveaccomplishedseparationfromalldestructivehumidity.

Ithasprobablystruckyouthatthetoneofthetextisnolongerecstatic.Fromtimetotimetherearebeautifulpoeticquotations,butingeneralthereisarathermonotonoustoneinthischapter,andinthebeginning,asyounodoubtnoticed,thereisanearlyliteralrepetitionofthecredoofthesymbolum:FatheroftheSon,LightofLights,GodandMan,andsoon;itmayvaryinexpressioninthevariouscreeds,butthereisnogreatdifference.Here,naturally,wehavetheCatholicversion.

Asyouremember,atfirstintheprocesstherewasanoverwhelming,positiveinvasionoftheWisdomofGod,whomtheauthorpraisedinhiselation,thenheseemedtogetintoaninflation

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hescornedthosewhodonotknowanythingofsuchanexperienceandbecameaggressiveagainstignorantpeople,thenhedroppeddownintosomethingratherboringandmadeaplayonthewordsaurora,aureahora.

AfterthatfirstphasebeginswhatIwouldcallthecirculationofaspiral:healwaysbeginswithadarkprocessanddescribeswhathasbeendone,andthenendswithapositiveresult,andthisisrepeated.Hereweareinthemiddleofthespiral,butwhatwouldyousaywastypicalforthischaptercomparedtothepreviouschapters?ThereisastrikingreturntotheofficialChristianattitude!Atthebeginningheevenrepeats,literally,thesymbolumoftheCreed,theConfessionofFaith,theofficialversionofit:IbelieveinGodtheFather,andsoon.Whydoeshedothis?Whatdoesitshow?

Answer:Thatheismoreorlessbacktohimself.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,heisreturningtohisconsciousself;heistryingtoreturntohisformerconsciousattitude,oryoucouldsaytoretirefromthefloodwhichdrownedhim,andthereyouseewhatanofficialcreed,orreligiousattitude,isgoodfor;itisaboatintowhichonecanretirewhenthesharksattack.

Onecangooutbathingintheunconscious,butifthesharkscomethereistheboattogetbackinto,whichiswhytheChurchhasbeencomparedtoaboat,oranisland,towhichonecanretirewhentheinfluxoftheunconsciousbecomestoostrong.IfIhaveonlymyhumanreasonandjusttellmyselftobereasonable,thatisnotenoughtokeepbacktheinfluxoftheunconscious,buttohaveabeliefwhichstillexistsinconsciousnessislikeaboat,aplacetowhichonecanretire.

Wemustconclude,therefore,thatourauthorwasnotahereticanddid

notdoubthisCreedbutbelievedit,asonewouldexpectofaclericofthe13thcentury.HewasatrulybelievingCatholic,amedievalChristian,andhethereforenowtriestoretiretohisbelief,butthereisonechange!Ifyoulookatthebalance,hefirstconfessesthathebelievesintheFather,theSon,andtheHolyGhost,andthatlastsforaboutthefirsttenlinesofthefirstpage,butthewholeoftherestofthechapterisconcernedwiththeeffectsoftheHolyGhost.Thatisamazing.TheHolyGhostfillsthewholeofoneofthelongestchaptersintheentirebook,heisconcernedonlywithitsdifferentalchemicaleffects.ThusthewholeemphasisofhisCreedissuddenlyshiftedtowardstheHolyGhost.

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74.AlchemicalTrinity:WingedMercurius,spiritoftheunconscious(=Holy

Ghost),seatedbetweenkingandhisson.

Herewecatchinflagrante,sotospeak,whathappenedaboutthistime,i.e.,inthe12thto13thcenturies.IfweknowthehistoryofthespiritualdevelopmentofChristianity,weknowthatatthattimethesectsoftheHolyGhostappearedeverywhere.SomeofthemwerehereticalwhileothersendeavouredtokeepwithintheChurch,butsuddenlytheHolyGhostbecametheoccupationandconcernofpeople.Therewasmuchtheologicaldiscussionandthereweremanymovements,suchastheBrethrenoftheHolyGhost(thehumiliated),thePoorofLyon,theLoyalHeart,theBigHeartoftheTertiarians,andsoon,andallconfessedthattheywerespeciallydevotedtotheadorationandfollowingoftheHolyGhost.

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Asyouremember,intheBibleChristHimselfpredictedthatafterHisdeathGodwouldsendaComforterwhowouldcomfortpeopleforHisleavingtheearthandHisdeath,andthatthosewhoreceivedtheHolyGhostwouldbeabletodoworksevengreaterthanHeHimself.TheHolyGhostfromtheverybeginninghasthereforebeenaveryawkwardaspectoftheChristianimageofGod,foraccordingtotheBibleitissaidtoentertheindividualdirectly.YoucannotcommunicatedirectlyanylongerwithChrist,becauseHereturnedtoHeavenafterHisresurrection.GodHimselfhasnevercomedowntoearththatisnotexactlytrue,becauseallthreeareone,butIamnowspeakingasiftheywerenot.But,accordingtotheBible,theHolyGhostissupposedtodescenduponindividualsagainandagainandthatisnotrestrictedbytime.

WehearofcontemporarypeoplemeetingChristagainandagain,butwecannotcommunicatewithHimnowexceptthroughvisionsorprayer.Ontheotherhand,throughouthistorytheHolyGhosthasbeensupposedtobeabletodescenduponpeople;thatconveystheideaofanindividualbeingfilleddirectlywiththespiritofGod,or,ascertaintheologianshaveclearlyseen,evencontinuingtheincarnationofGod.Goddidincarnate"officially"onlyonceinthepersonofJesusChrist,butthroughtheworkingsoftheHolyGhostanyindividualintheChristiancommunitycanagainbecomeavesselofthedivinespirit,whichwouldbeanincarnationofalittlebitoftheGodhead.

TheconclusionsofcertainsectsintheMiddleAges,whenthesethoughtsbecamesuddenlysoemotionallyimportant,werequiteamazing.Forinstance,thereisasayingofSt.Paul:ubispiritus,ubilibertaswherethespirit,i.e.,theHolyGhost,isatworkthereisfreedom,andthereforetheythoughtthatiftheywerefilledwiththeHolyGhosttheydidnotanymoreneedtoobeytheChurch,orgotoConfession,fortheyhadtheirdirectconnectionwiththeGodhead

throughtheHolyGhost.ThisinterpretationnaturallybecameadangertotheorganizationoftheChurch.

Also,somesectarianssaidthatifonewerefilledwiththeHolyGhostonecouldreadtheHolyScripturesoneselfandunderstandthemdirectlyandthereforetheinterpretationoftheChurchwasnolongernecessary.TheBiblecouldbeunderstoodsymbolicallyandtakenspiritually,i.e.,symbolically.SosuchpeoplebegantoreadtheBibleandinterpretittothemselves.OthersectswentsofarastosaythatifsomeonewerefilledwiththeHolyGhosthecould

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commitanysinanditwouldnotbewrongadultery,forinstancefor"wherethereisthespirit,thereisfreedom."

YoucanimaginethattheChurchdidnotapprovesuchinterpretationsandthereforesomesectsoftheHolyGhostwerepartlycondemnedandevenbadlypersecutedandhadverylargelytoclosedown.Theyanticipated,aswasseenlongago,thedevelopmentoftheReformationwherealsointhebeginningtherewasanattempttoclaimthateachindividualhadtherighttocommunicatewiththeGodheaddirectly,withouttheintermediaryofahumanorganization.Thesemovementsareusuallyknownaspre-Reformationmovements,becausetheysharetheideaofindividual,directcommunicationwithGod,thoughinotherwaystheywere,ofcourse,different.

Thereforeifourauthor,whohaspassedthroughareligiousexperience,wantstokeephisChristianattitude,hewouldnaturallyrefertotheHolyGhostasifthesituationcouldbesavedifhecouldunderstandthathisexperiencewasconveyedtohimbytheHolyGhost;fromthisanglehecouldstillintegratehisexperienceintohisconsciouspointofview.

Sohereheclingsemotionallytothisideaasasavingfactor.HedescribestheHolyGhostfirstinthreeformsofbaptism:bywater,byblood,andbyfire,andthendescribesthesevenprocessesinwhichtheHolyGhostaffectsmatter.Afterwardsthetextshiftsamazingly,forsuddenlytheHolyGhostbecomesakindofchemicalagencywhichcooks,cleanses,purifies,andsubtilizesalchemicalmatter.Itishereconceivedofasakindofenergy,somethinglikefireorelectricity,whichhasaneffectuponmatter.Heretheideaofspiritreturnstoitsoriginal,archetypalform,namelymana.

FromthecomparativehistoryofreligionweknowthatoneoftheoldestconceptsoftheDivineinmanyprimitivereligionsisthe

conceptofmana,mulungu,andsoon,theideaofadivinepower,whichmanyethnologistshavecomparedtoamysticalkindofelectricity.Itissomethinglikeadivineenergy,whichpervadescertainobjectsandstrikescertainpeople.Akinghasmana,achiefhasittoo,asdoamenstruatingwomanandonewhohasgivenbirth,andalsoatreestruckbylightning.

Manamustalwaysbetreatedwithrespect,eitherbykeepingawayfromitthroughtaboos,orapproachingitundercertainrules.Itcanbedestructiveorpositive.Amenstruatingwoman,forinstance,has

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negativemanaandhastokeepawayfromthetribeandtribalritualsduringherperiod,forsheisloadedwithdestructiveelectricity,sotospeak.Manacanalsobeneutral,forifthechiefofatribehasmanahecanbestowfertilityonthetribe,thecattle,andthesoilinhisdominion,or,ifheisapproachedirreverently,hecanbewitchpeople,makingthemillandsoon.

Thisisanarchetypalidea.PsychologicallyonecouldsayitwasarepresentationoftheeffectsoftheSelf,orofpsychicenergywhichonthislevelisnotexperiencedasapersonifiedimageofGod,butratherasanimpersonalaspectofdivinepower.Inlaterreligiousandsometimesgeographicallydifferentdevelopments,thereareotheraspectsoftheDivine,namelyasgods,demons,ancestralghosts,etc.,whichareallmoreorlesspersonified,moreorlessanthropomorphicfigureswhichalsorepresentthepoweroftheunconscious,buthaveaform,andarespokenofasiftheywere,inpart,personalities.TheclimaxofthisistobefoundintheGreekreligion,wherethegodshavehumanform,beingrepresentativesofthearchetypes,andintheJudaeo-ChristianreligionwhereGodisalsoconceivedofasabeinginhumanform,withsemihumanreactions.

InChristianart,forinstance,Godisgenerallyrepresentedasanoldmanwithawhitebeard,thatistheclassicform.Themanaaspect,theaspectoftheGodheadassomethinglikeunpersonifiedpower,reappearssuddenlyinChristianityintheformoftheHolyGhost,whichiswater,wind,andfire:awindfilledthehouse,flamesappearedontheheadsoftheApostlesatWhitsuntide,anditalsoappearsinbaptismaswater.ThereforeherethearchetypalideareappearsintheinterpretationoftheHolyGhostasanimpersonalpowerwithasemimaterialaspect.

ItistothisideathatourauthorclingswhenhedescribestheHoly

Ghostquitenaivelyasakindofsemimaterialphysicalagencywhichworksupontheprimamateria:firstbywashingitandthenbyfillingitwithbloodthatisbyvivifyingitandthenbyheatingitupwithfire,whichwouldbegivingitlifeandresurrection.Thisheevenamplifiesfurtherbycomparingittothebirthofachild,whichisthreemonthspreservedinwater,thennourishedthreemonthsbyair,thenthreemonthsbyfire,untilitisborn.SotheactivityoftheHolyGhost,theimpactithasonmatter,involvesatthesametimegeneratingandbringingforth,nourishingthedivinechildandhelpingtowardsitsbirth.

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75.Theunionofopposites,maleandfemale("thewarm

overthecold")asaninner,spiritualprocess,symbolisedbykingandqueenwithwings.

Hereyouseethatourtextisatypicaldescriptionofhowthephilosopher'sstoneisproduced,foritisoftencomparedtothewholeprocessofchildbirth;itistheSelfbornwithinthepsycheasadivinechild.Wehavealsoalreadyhadallusionstothemotifoftheconiunctio.Nowitissaid:Coverthecoldnessoftheonewiththewarmthoftheotherputthemaleoverthefemale,thewarmoverthecold.Herethereistheideaoftheconiunctiooppositorum,themaleandfemalecomingtogether,andalsoadepersonalizationthroughtheascriptionofqualities,sothatwarmandcoldarebroughttogether,whichwouldbeabringingtogetherofoppositepowers.Itwasageneralmedievalideathatmenwerehotandwomencold,physiologically.

Thencomesamoresubtleidea,namelythatthisbringingtogetherofoppositesmeanstheyaresecretlyone,forthefirehastobeputoutbyfire,orhastobecooled,refrigerated,byitsinnerfire.Howwouldyou

interpretthatpsychologically?

Answer:ItsoundsliketheOuroboros.

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Dr.vonFranz:Itis,inaway,butonamoreprimitivelevelbecausetheOuroborosisthenaturalprocessofthatthing,whilehereitisinthevesselasbroughtforth.Yes,toacertainextent,butwhatwouldyousaythatispsychologically?Whatisfire?

Answer:Emotion.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,butwhatispositiveaboutemotion?Ittransforms,cooks,andenlightens,thatisthewayinwhichfirebringslight:ifIamemotionallygrippedbysomethingIcanunderstandit;ifIamnotemotionallywrestlingwithmyproblems,orsomethingelse,thennothingcomesout.

Wherethereisnoemotionthereisnolife.Ifyouhavetolearnsomethingbyheartanditisofnointeresttoyou,thereisnofire;itdoesnotregister,evenifyoureaditfiftytimes.Butassoonasthereisemotionalinterest,itneedonlybereadonceandyouknowit.Thereforeemotionisthecarrierofconsciousness,thereisnoprogressinconsciousnesswithoutemotion.

Thedestructiveaspectappearsinquarrels,thereiteatsusup.Theotherpersonsaysitisterriblewhenyouletoutyourdestructiveemotion,butifwedon'tletitout,thenemotioneatsusup.Youknowhowenjoyableitisifyoukeepanaffecttoyourself;ifyoudon'tletyournegativeemotionoutitjusteatsyouupfromwithin,thereisagrowlingdogwithinyouforhours.

Herethereisanallusiontoevilemotion:"Thefirewaskindledintheassemblyandtheflameconsumedtheimpiousonearth."Itistheburningupofimpiouspeople,ofsinners.Andthenitissaid:"Heextinguishesthefireinitsowninnermeasure."

Psychologicallythatisveryrevealing.Againandagainpeoplesayinanalysisthattheyareinlovewithyou,orhateyou,althoughtheysay

theyknowitisquiteunreasonable:"Iamnotcrazy,Icanbehaveandbereasonable,butthethingisstillthere,whatcanIdoaboutit?Pleaseredeemme!Itisnotenoughformetoknowitisallnonsense."

Theanswertothatishardtoaccept:thefirehastoburnthefire,onejusthastoburnintheemotiontillthefirediesdownandbecomesbalanced.Thatissomethingwhichunfortunatelycannotbeevaded.Theburningofthefire,oftheemotion,cannotbetrickedoutofone'ssystem;thereisnorecipeforgettingridofit,ithastobeendured.Thefirehastoburnuntilthelastuncleanelementhasbeenconsumed,whichiswhatallalchemicaltextssayin

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76.Inalchemythemercurialserpentdevoursitselfinfirewater,justasadestructive

emotionhastoburnitselfout,i.e.,besufferedthrough.

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differentvariations,andwehavenotfoundanyotherwayeither.Itcannotbehinderedbutonlysufferedtillwhatismortalorcorruptible,or,asourtextsayssobeautifully,tillthecorruptiblehumidity,theunconsciousness,hasbeenburntup.Thatisthemeaning,itistheacceptanceofsuffering.

Ifoneisfilledwith10,000devilsonecanonlybeburntupinthemuntiltheyquietdownandarestill,andtheinfantiledemandontheanalystoranybodyelse,thatheshouldredeemonewithsomekindofcomfortingtrick,doesnothelp.Ifananalystpretendshecandothat,thenheisjustaquack,becausethereisnosuchthing,andanywayitwouldbemeaningless.Ifhetriestogetanalysandsoutofthesufferingitmeanshetakesawayfromthemwhatismostvaluable;cheapcomfortingiswrong,forbythatyougetpeopleawayfromtheheat,theplacewheretheprocessofindividuationtakesplace.

SittinginHellandroastingthereiswhatbringsforththephilosopher'sstone;asitissaidhere,thefireisextinguishedwithitsowninnermeasure.Passionhasitsowninnermeasure;thereisnosuchthingaschaoticlibido,forweknowthattheunconsciousitself,aspurenature,hasaninnerbalance.Thelackofbalancecomesfromthechildishnessoftheconsciousattitude.Ifyouonlyfollowyourownpassionaccordingtoitsownindicationsitwillnevergotoofar,itwillalwaysleadtoitsowndefeat.

Inordinatepassionseeksdefeat.Peoplewhohaveaninordinatelypassionatenature,akindofdevilishnature,arelovinglysearchingforahumanperson,orasituation,againstwhichtheycanknocktheirheads,andtheydespiseanypartnerorsituationinwhichtheirpassionwinsout.Instinctivelytheyseekdefeat.Itisasthoughsomethingwithinthemknowsthisdevilhastobehitonthehead,whichiswhyifoneisfriendlyorweak,orunderstandingtowardssuchfire,onedoes

nothelptheperson;generallysuchpeoplewalkoutonyou,becausethatisnotwhattheywant.Thefireofthepassionlooksforthatwhichwillextinguishit,andthatiswhytheurgeforindividuation,aslongasitisanaturalinordinateurge,seeksimpossiblesituations;itseeksconflictanddefeatandsufferingbecauseitseeksitsowntransformation.

Letussaysomeoneispossessedbyapowerdevil.Ifhecandominatepeopleinhissurroundingsheisnothappy,butremainsrestless;hedominatesthewholefamilyandgoesondominatingoutsideandinhisprofessionallife,butheisstillrestless.Heisreally

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searchingforsomeonewhocanovercomehim;thatiswhathelongsfor,thoughnaturallyhedoesnotlikeit.Itisanambiguousattitude,forhehatesitbutatthesametimelongsforsomebodyorsomethingtoovercomehimandputanendtohispower.Itisveryimportanttoknowthatinthetreatmentofborderlinecases,fortheyusuallysufferfromtremendousemotionsandalwaystrytoletthewholeimpactfallontheanalystinthehopeandfearthathewillhitback;thatisbecausethefireknowsitsowninnermeasure.

Thenourtextsaysthespiritbreaksupormodifieswhatishardandhardenswhatisweak.Thatseemsunderstandable,buthowwouldyouinterpretit?

Answer:Itistheconiunctiobetweenmaleandfemale.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,thehardnesswouldbethemale,itisaconjunctionofopposites,buthowwouldthatappearinlife,tosoftenwhatishardandhardenwhatisweak?

Question:Hasittodowiththefourfunctions?Themainfunctioniswhatisstrongandthefourthfunctionisweak.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,butthemainfunctionisnotalwayshard.

Question:Couldn'tthehardthingberesistances?

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,resistances,or,forinstance,arigidattitudeinsomecornerwhereoneliterallyhardens,whichisatypicalcomplexreaction.When,forinstance,ananalysandrefusestodiscusssomething,thatwouldbehardeningandthatcoversupaweakness;obstinacyandrigidityarehard,andthatusuallyhastodowithdestructiveandnegativechildhoodexperiences.Forinstance,suchpeoplewriteoffloveorthisorthat,andintheprocessevenwriteoffthemselves.Theysettheirwillonsuccessandmoneyorsomethingof

thatkindandinwardlytheyareasiffrozenup.

Veryoftentheanalyticalprocessconsistsinsofteningthehardcornersofthepersonality,whichisgenerallyinasufferingcramp.Tohardenisasymptomofweakness,thereforesolidifyingwhatisweakwouldbeapartofthesameprocess,foritiswhereonefeelsweakthatonestiffens,whilewhereoneisstrongoneremainsflexible.Therigidityofpeoplespringsfromweaknessandfearfrightstiffensthemandmakesthemcloseupthereforeatthesametimeweaknesshastobestrengthenedegoweaknessorfeelingweaknessorwhateveritmaybe,therearemanyweaknesses.

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Sothepsychologicalprocessoftenconsistsinsofteningupthosepartsofthepersonalitywhichhavestiffened,andatthesametimesolidifyingthenucleusofthepersonality,theSelf,andthatwouldbebringingtogethertheoppositesofmaleandfemale.

Thencomesthefourtheffect,illumination.Thatiswhereoneexperiencesafeelingofcomprehension,whencertainproblemsbecomeclear.Thatisalsocalledthecolouringandwhitening,forthingsbecomeclearandthelifefeelingbeginstoflowagain.Thenthespiritsegregatesthepurefromtheimpuresothatallaccidentalthingsareremovedbadodoursandsoon.

Tocommentonthatalchemically,veryoftenthephilosopher'sstoneissurroundedbyforeignmaterialwhichdoesnotbelongtoitandthereforehastobeeitherwashedorburntaway.Itisafactthatinthealchemicalprocessnoteverythinghastobeintegrated;thereissomethingcalledeitherthedamnedearth,terradamnata,orresextraneae,exteriororouterthings,whichhavetobecastoutandnotintegrated.Theyhavejusttobethrownaway.OftenpeoplewhohavereadalittleaboutJungianpsychologythinkthateverything,whateverhappens,belongstotheprocessandmustbeintegrated,butthatisonlytruecumgranosalis;itisafactthatnoteverythingbelongs.Likeallpsychologicaltruths,itallbelongsinonewayandnotatallinanother.Whatarethoseouterthingswhichhavetobethrownaway?

Answer:Collectiveattitudes.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,collectiveattitudeswhichhamperthedevelopmentoftheindividual,oridentificationwithotherpeople.Manypeopledonotgettothemselvesbecauseoftheiradmirationforsomeotherperson,perhapsofthesamesex;theyalwaysstrivetobelikethatpersonandtherebylosethepossibilityofbecomingthemselves.Asasnakestaresatarabbit,theystareatsomeoneelse,

oratacollectiveidea;thatissomethingoutside,itisnotwhattheyare,itdoesnotbelongtothemandsuchthingshavenottobeintegrated.Thedreamswilltellyoutogetawayfromthat,leaveitalone,itisnotyoursandisnoneofyourbusiness.

Individuationthereforealsomeansseparation,differentiation,therecognitionofwhatisyoursandwhatisnot.Theresthastobeleftalone.Libidoandenergyshouldnotbewastedonthingswhichdonotbelong.Thereforeitcanbesaidthatthereisjustasmuchseparationasintegration,andthatwouldberegenerationthrough

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77.ThePelican,alchemicalvesselinwhichtakesplacethecirculatio(circulardistillation),comparabletothe

circumambulationofaproblemfromdifferentpointsofviewandatdifferentstagesoflifetheessence

oftheindividuationprocess.

fireuntil,asthetextsays,onereachesaconditionoftranquillity,forwhenpeoplecanletgoofwrongidealsorcollectiveattitudestheysuddenlybecomepeaceful.Suddenlytheyrelaxandsay:''ThankGod,IalwaysthoughtIhadtobebrilliant,andnowIfindIdon'thaveto."Theyhadjuststaredatsomeoneelsewhowas.Inthatwayoneisredeemedfromtheconstantefforttoachievesomethinginthewrongdirection.

Thewholeprocessisthendescribedastheearthchangingintowater,waterintoair,airintofire,andfireintoearth.Thereyouhavetheclassicalideaofthecirculatio,ofmovingthroughthefourelements,ofrepeatingtheprocessagainbutalwaysonanotherlevel.ThereistheclassicalideaofthecircumambulationoftheSelfthroughthedifferentelementsandthedifferentforms;thatis,amongotherthings,thecircumambulatio,theprocessofindividuationthroughthefourfunctionsanddifferentphasesoflife.

Intheprocessofindividuationveryoftenthesameproblemscomeupagainandagain;theyseemtobesettled,butafterawhilethey

reappear.Ifwelookatthatnegatively,wearediscouraged,sayinghereitisagain,thesameoldthing,butwhenlookedatmorecloselyonegenerallyseesthecirculatio,forithassimplyreappearedonanotherlevel.Forinstance,itmaynowhavebecomeafeelingproblem.

Taketheintellectual,intuitivetypeswhorunveryquickly

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throughananalyticalprocessandseemtounderstandalotofJungianpsychologyandwhatisgoingoninside.Theyassimilateagreatdeal,butithasnotbecomeanethicalproblemtothem;feelingisleftout,andwiththattheethicalaspectisomitted,whichmeansthatintheirethicalbehaviourintheworldtheycontinueinthesameoldstyle,perhapsaccordingtoreasonorcollectiveinfluenceorsoon.Theyspeakoftheprocessofindividuationasiftheyhadarrivedthereandknewallaboutit,whichinawayisquitetrue,fortheyhaveassimilatedit,letussayinfire,butnotyetinearth.Sothefirehastochangeintowaterandthewaterintoearth,andthenthewholethinghastobelivedthroughoncemoreasanethicalproblem.

Suchpeoplesometimessuddenlydiscovertheyarerightatthebeginningagain,theyhavenotevenlearnttheABCoftheshadowproblemorsomethinglikethat,andtheysaynowatlasttheyunderstandtheproblem,forhithertotheyhadonlyunderstooditpartially.

Thisgoesonconstantlywithpsychologicalunderstanding;therearemanylayersandsomethingcanalwaysbeunderstoodonanewanddeeperlevel.Youunderstanditwithapartofyourselfandthenthepennydropsdeeper,asitwere,andyourealizethesamethingbutinamuchmorelivingandrichwaythanbefore,andthatcancontinueindefinitelyuntilitbecomescompletelyreal.Evenifyoufeelyouhaverealizedsomethingyoushouldalwayshavethehumilitytosaythatthatishowyoufeelforthetimebeing;afewyearslateryoumaysayyoudidnotknowatallbeforebutnowcanunderstandwhatwasmeant.

ThatiswhatIfindsobeautifulaboutthisworkitisanadventurewhichnevercomestoanend,foreachtimeyouturnacorneracompletelynewvistaoflifeopens;youneverknowandhaveitall

settled,eveninthecaseofthingswhichforthepresentyoufeelaresortedout.

Thelastsectionreferstothelivingspiritandthespiritualizationofthebody,makingthebodyincorporealandthespiritconcrete.Thatisanotheraspectofaconiunctio,ofbringingtheoppositestogether,butagainithasadifferentnuance.Howwouldyoulookatthat?Thebody,thematerialthing,becomesspiritualizedandthespiritinturnbecomesconcrete.Whatwouldthatmeaninpractice?

Answer:Theendofthesplitbetweenbodyandspirit.

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78.Symbolofthealchemicalartasunionofwater(maletriangle,apexup)andfire

(femaletriangle,apexdown).

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,butwhatdoesthatlooklike?

Answer:Itwouldbeatotallydifferentattitudetowardsthebody.

Dr.vonFranz:Inwhatway?

Answer:Itwouldbeputtingtheanalyticalorspiritualexperienceintoactuallife.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,thatwouldbesolidifyingthespirit.Ifyouapplyapsychologicalrealization,thenyouincarnatewhatwasspiritual.Ifyourecognizesomethingasrightandputitintoactionthenitbecomesreal.Nowwhatwouldtheotherpartinvolve?

Answer:Anattitudeofconsciousnesswhichretiresinpartfromspontaneousexperience,whilelookingatitsymbolicallyakindofspiritualizationofexperience.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,itwouldbetounderstandaconcretesituationsymbolically.IfIcankeeptowhatGoethesays:"AllesVerganglichesistnureinGleichnis"EverythingtemporalisonlyasimileifeveninacompletelyconcretematerialsituationIcanseeitssymbolicaspect,takingmyselfoutofit,thenIspiritualizeit,itbecomesasimilefor

somethingpsychological.Alloutereventsinlifeareinawayonlysimiles;theyareonlyparablesofaninnerprocess,synchronisticsymbolisations.Youhavetolookatthemfromthatangletounderstandandintegratethem,andthatwouldbespiritualizingthephysical.

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Question:Isn'ttherethedangerofforinstancelosingthetasteofgoodroastbeef?

Dr.vonFranz:Certainly,thatiswhyyouhaveagaintosolidifythespirit!Youhavetodoboth.ItiswhattheZenMastersaid:"Atthebeginningoftheprocesswateriswaterandmountainsaremountainsandstreamsarestreams"thatisthetasteofagoodsteak,butfortheego,andthatisnogood.Youhavetogointoastatewheremountainsarenolongermountains,streamsnolongerstreams,andwaternolongerwater,whichmeansyouseethemassimiles.Butattheendoftheprocessmountainsareagainmountainsandthatwouldinvolveresolidifyingthespirit.

Togetstuckinthemiddle,thiswayortheother,isbad.Theprocessneedsbothmovementssoasnottobecomedestructive,andthatissobeautifullyillustratedinalchemy.Thebodyhastobespiritualizedandthespirithastobeincarnated,boththingsmusttakeplace.Youseehere,inthisdocument,anexampleofwhatDr.Jungsays,namelythatalchemycompensatestheone-sidednessofChristianspiritualization;itisthatunderlyingmovementwhichisnotanti-Christianbutcompletesitbybringingtheoppositesnearertogether,bybringingphysicallifeandsuchthingsmoreintothefieldofobservationandattention.

Remark:IhaveoftenobservedinJungiananalysisthatthereisadangerofintellectualizingthespirit.

Dr.vonFranz:Yes,andthenitbecomesawfullythin!Thespiritturnsintointellectualconceptsandlosesitsoriginalemotionalandgrippingquality,andthentherehappensexactlywhatyousay.Thatisthegreatdanger,forthenthespiritbecomesthinandbottled.

Question:Couldn'tonesaythatwheneverthereisarealspiritual

experienceitshouldbecomemanifest?

Dr.vonFranz:Thereisno"should"aboutit.IthinkarealspiritualexperienceIdon'tknowexactlywhatyouhaveinmindwhenyousaythatdoesbecomemanifest.Mythosmeanscommunication.Ifyouareoverwhelmedbyaspiritualexperienceititselfwantsyoutocommunicateit,i.e.,manifestit;thatisthemeaningofthewordmythos.Thereisnoreligiousexperiencewherethereisnottheneedtotellofit;thatisnatural,butoneneednotaddtheword"should."Ifitistrue,itwillbecomereal,itsnaturalflowwillbeintoreality.

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ThatisverybeautifullyillustratedinBlackElkSpeaks.Inakindofcoma,asaboyofnine,BlackElkhadamosttremendousspiritualexperience,whichhekepttohimselftillhegotathunderphobia.Thenhewenttoamedicinemanwhosaid:"Yourexperiencehasnotbeengiventoyouonly,youoweittoyourtribe."Sohetoldthetribeofhisvisionsandthephobiadisappeared.

Iwouldsaythatarealspiritualexperienceflowsnaturallyintocommunication,butthereisno"should"aboutit.Ifitisrealitwillmanifestinvoluntarily;evenifyoutrytoholditbackitwillflowoutofyou,andthusitmanifestsinreality,becauseitisreal.Ifonehastotellpeoplethatadreamdoesmeansomething,thatitmustbeactedupon,thatisalreadybad.

Oneofthemostpositiveexperiencesinanalysisiswhenananalysandbringsadreamwhosemeaningyoutell,butwithoutcomment.Youjustinterpretthedreamandthenexttimetheanalysandsays:"Doyouknowwhathappened?YougavemetheinterpretationofthatdreamandasaresultIdidsuchandsuchathing!"Youdon'tneedtoplaythepartofagovernessandsayoneshoulddowhatthedreamsays,thatisnottherightway.Normally,ifapersonismorallysound,thatwillresultquitenaturally.

Let'ssay,forexample,thatagrown-upsonstilltriestogetmoneyoutofhismother,andshe,beingsoft-hearted,cannotsayNo,butthinkinghemightbehungrysendshimthemoneyatonce.Supposesuchamotherhadadreamthattosendmoneytohersonmeantpoisoninghim.Youdon'tneedtosay:"Don'tsendmoney,"butrather:"Thedreamsaysifyousendmoneyyouarepoisoningorcastratingyourson,"andnexttimethatwomanwilltellyoushehasmadeuphermindandisnotgoingtosendanymore.

Thatishowitgoesifpeoplearemorallysound,andthatishopeful.I

havesometimesmetcaseswhereIthoughttherewaspracticallynohope,horriblecases,butiftheyhadthatqualityIwassuretheywouldgetoutoftrouble,andevenquickly.ThatkindofmoralintegrityandnaivetywhichjustsaysYes,speedsupeverything.ItsaysintheBible:"Letyourcommunicationbe,Yea,yea;Nay,nay."Suchpeoplearemorallysound.Theoppositewouldbethosewhounderstand,noddingtheirheadstoeverything,butheavenknowshowmanyelectricshocksareneededfromwithinandwithoutbeforetheyrealizetheyhavetodosomethingaboutit.

Motherssaytheyknowtheyshouldnoteattheirchildren,but

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theyneverthinkofchangingtheirbehaviour.Theydon'tevennoticewhattheyaredoing.TheotherdayIknewfromadaughterthathermotherhadtelephonedherthreetimesonaSundaysayingsheshouldcomehomeatonce.Thatsamemothersworetomeintheanalyticalhourthatshenevermadeanydemandsonherdaughterandallowedhercompletefreedom.Shelookedmestraightintheeyeandsworeshemadenoclaims.WhatthedaughterhadtoldmewasinconfidencesoIcouldnotmakeuseofthatillustration.Isattherefuriousbutcoulddonothing.Isaid:"Areyousure?""Yes,"shesaid,"absolutely."

Therethespiritnevermaterializes.Suchpeoplecananalyseforyearsandtheresultisabsolutelynil.TheycantalkaboutJungianpsychologyasthoughtheyknowallaboutitbutthereisnochange.

Iwanttoskipthenextparableandtaketheoneonthephilosophicalcreedbasedonthenumberthree,whichcontinuesthetendencyshowninthelastchapter,i.e.,aconfessionoftheTrinitarianimageofGod.TherearethethreeeffectsoftheHolyGhost,threestagesofthealchemicalwork,andsoon.Threetimesthreemonthsthechildisinthemother'swomb,andthentherecomesthesymbolismofasevenfoldprocesswhichisinawayverysimilartothepreviousprocess,withthebirthofthechild,thecirculationthroughtheelements,theeffectsoftheHolyGhost,andsoon,asthemainthemes.

Thenextchapteristhefifthparable,"TheTreasureHouseWhichWisdomBuildsontheRock."YouknowthefamoussimileinSt.Matthewaboutthehousebuiltonsandandtheonebuiltonrock,andyoualsoknowthatinProverbs9:1-5thereisthesimilethatWisdombuiltherhouseonsevenpillars,andsoon,andthatsheinvitedtheIsraelitestoeatthere.

Wisdombuiltahouseandthosewhoenteritwillbeblessedandfindpasture,accordingtothetestimonyoftheprophet.Theywillbedrunkfromtheoverflowofthinehouse,foronedayinthycourtsisbetterthanathousand(Psalm84:10).Blessedaretheythatdwellinthyhouse.Askanditshallbegivenyou,seekandyeshallfind,knockanditshallbeopeneduntoyou.Wisdomcriethatthegatesandsays:BeholdIstandatthedoorandknock;ifanymanhearmyvoice,andopenthedoor,Iwillcomeintohimandwillsupwithhim,andhewithme.

Howgreatisthefullnessofsweetnesswhichthoukeepesthiddenforthosewhoenterthishouse,asweetnesswhicheyehathnotseenorearheard,neitherhasenteredintotheheartofman.Thosewhoopenthishousewillhaveholinessandthefullnessofdays,foritisbuiltonastrong

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rockwhichshallonlybesplitopenbythebloodofthehe-goat,orwhensmittenthreetimesbytherodofMoseswhenwatercomethoutabundantlyandthecongregationdrinkandtheirbeastsalso.

Youseeherethatthisistosolidifywhatisweak.Therockstandsforthesteadfastnessofthepersonality,whichcomesfromalongprocessofassimilatingtheunconscious.Ifonehasexperiencedforlongenoughthosegreatupsanddownswhichareentailedbythemeetingwiththeunconscious,thenslowlyanunshakablekernelisformed.Ithinkthatevenapsychologicalcureordevelopment,whichisthesamething,doesnotchangetheconflictorcureaproblem;whatisreallychangedistheabilitytostanditbetter,andthatistherealdevelopment.

Sometimestheoutersituationmayremainunchanged,orcertaindifficultiesincharacter,whatarecalledcharacterneuroses,stillremaintoacertainextent.If,forinstance,someonehasaverypassionatetemperament,oratendencytodepressions,thatgenerallycontinuesforalongtime.Itwilltakeatleasttwentyyearstoeducatethatoutofthesystem;itcannotbechangedatonceforitisingrainedinone'snature.Butthefirststepistobeabletostanditbetter,nottobedissolvedbyit,tobedetachedandhaveastandpoint,toknowthatitisone'sweaknesstowhichonedoesnotintendtogivewayandthatitwillpass.

Thefirststepisthatoneisnolongeridenticalwithone'sownmadspots.Forexample,ifaparanoicsays,"Ibelieve,butforgiveme,itmaynotbeso,that...,"itshowshehasnowsomethingofarockbeyondhisparanoidsystem;thoughhehasnotyetgotridofhisfantasy,atleastheisabletosayhemaybeimaginingit.Thatisthebeginningoftheformationofsolidearth;outsidetheconflict,somethinghasescapedthedevil.

Orifonehasalwaysbeensweptoffone'sfeetbytheanimusorsomeemotion,andtherebegintobeperiodswhenonebecomesreasonable,eventhoughafterwardsonemayfallbackagainintothepassionatepossession,thosemomentsarethebeginningoftheformationoftheinnerrock.Thesmallpieceofsolidgroundonwhichonestandsbecomesstrongerandstrongerandslowlybecomessomethingsolid,sothatmoreandmoreonefeelsthatcomewhatmaythiswillprobablynotbedestroyedagain.

Onecandescribeitmorepessimisticallybutitisstillthesamepositivething:onehassufferedsomuch,orhasfallensodeeplyintoone'sownhellthat,thankGod,onecannotfallanylower,andthat

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givesacertainsenseofsecurity.Ifyouhavetouchedthebottomofhellthereisnothingfurtherdown,andthatiswherethesolidrockbegins.Orsomeonemaycomeandsaytheyhavealwaysbeenafraidofgoingmad,buthavingreachedtheageoffortywithoutdoingso,theyprobablyneverwillnow.Iftheysaythat,onecangenerallyagreewithagoodconscience.Iftheyhavecomesofarwithoutsnappingthentheyarenotlikelytodoso,becausesomethinghascoagulatedwithinandbecomesolid;andonthat,asistheaimofthework,onecanretireintotheinnerhouseofwisdomwhichisbuiltonarockandunshakablethetextevensaysineternity.

Youmayaskifthatisnothardening,isitnotrigidityoncemore?Isn'tthatbecomingimmune?ButtheanswerisNo,fromsucharockflowsthewateroflife;thatistherockfromwhichMoses,byamiracle,obtainedthewateroflife.Itisarockwhichisalsoawell,andthereforeitisthemostliquidthingandtheoppositeofrigidityorhardening.

Itmeansbeingflexiblebutunshakable,whichiswhyDr.Jungsaystheprocessofindividuation,ifitgoesonunconsciously,makestheindividualcruelandhardtowardshisfellowcreatures,andifitisaconsciousprocessthenitleadstothephilosopher'sstonenottoahardeningofthepersonality,buttofirmnessinthepositivesenseoftheword.Oneisnolongereasilydissociatedandsweptawaybyemotion,losingone'spointofviewthroughcollectivepressureandsoon,butthatwouldnotmeanahardeningwhichcannotbeinfluenced.

ThatisprobablywhatismeantbytherockonwhichthehouseofWisdomisbuilt.Inittakesplace,asthetextsays,thevisionofthefullnessofsunandmoon.Thisreferstothemotifthatinthishousetheconiunctiotakesplace;itisalsothereforealludedtoasthealchemicalvessel,whichisthehouseinwhichsunandmoonunite.In

ourchapterthehouseisbuiltonfourteenpillars.Thepillarsstandforthefourteenqualitiesthealchemistmusthave.

Thequalitiesarenotonlyethicalbutincludeallsortsofsuppositionsastowhatahumanbeingshouldhave:health,humility,holiness(fromthedescriptionthatapparentlymeans"wholeness"orpurity),chastity,virtue(effectivenessorefficiency),victoriousness(tobeabletoovercome,afaithwhichhasthecapacitytotrust,ortounderstandspiritualqualitieswhichcannotbeseen),faith,hope(oneoftheworstthingsintheinnerworkishopelessness,itisterriblewhenpeoplegiveupanddeclaretheyarehopeless;thatisoneofthegramophonerecordsoftheanimus),

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79.Alchemicalfurnace.Theworkof

transformationcanbespoiledwithtoomuchheat,justastheprocessofindividuationcannotbeforcedbut

dependsontime,balance,andpatience.

charity,compassion,goodness(akindofbenevolence),patience(whichisveryimportant),temperateness(abalancebetweentheopposites),disciplineorinsight,andobedience.

Inthisconnectionitsaysthatthefourteenthstoneorpillaristemperatia,meaningabalancedtemperament,ofwhichitissaidthatitnourishesandkeepspeopleinhealthbecausewhentheelementsareinastateofbalancethesoulenjoyslivinginthebody,butwhentheyareatstrife,itdoesnot.Thereforebalanceistherightmixtureoftheelements,ofwarmthandcoldness,ofdryandmoist,sothattheonedoesnotoverbalancetheother,whichiswhythephilosopherssaidtowatchthatthemysterydoesnotevaporateandtheacidturnintosteam."Payattention,soasnottoburnthekingandqueenwithtoomuchfire."

Theinnerprocesscanbeoverdonewithtoomuchfire,ashappenstothosewhostriveaftertheprocessofindividuation.Theysaytheycan'tgotoaparty,forinstance,because"Ihavetostayhomeanddomymandalas."Itisthedesiretoforcetheprocess,butonecannotforceaprocessofgrowth.Itisfoolishtostormatalittleoaktree,tellingittogrowmorequickly,forthatisagainstnature.Itwouldbebettertowateritandputsomedungatitsroots.

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Therearethingsintheinnerprocesswhichcannotbespeededupanditisnogoodbeingimpatient.

Sotheinstructionnottoburnupthekingandqueenmeansnottotrytoforcetheinnerconiunctio.Inthatthereisalwaysego;itisagreedy,immatureattitudewhichnaturallyleadstothewrongthing,andthereforethealchemistsalwaysgivethiswarningaboutnotoverheatingtheprocess.Someevenrecommendthatoneshouldneverhaveagreaterwarmththanthatoffreshhorsedung,whichwouldbeaboutthetemperatureofthehumanbody,thetemperatureoftheinteriorofthewarm-bloodedcreature;itshouldbeadequatetothehumanbeingandeverythingwhichisextramodum,asthetextsays,beyondmeasure,iswrong.Eventhegood,ifbeyondmeasure,iswrong.Everythingwhichcontainstheinfantilepushingaccentiswrong;itcanbefeltandoneknowsitwillleadnowhere,eveniftheintentionisgood.ThosearethestonesofthehouseofWisdom.

ThesixthparableisaboutHeavenandEarthandthesituationoftheelements,andherethereisacosmogonicmyth.Itdescribesthebirthofthewholecosmos.Psychologicallyhere,thereiswhatthealchemistscalltheunionofthecosmicworld,whichmeansgettingbeyondthemicrocosmofthehumanbeingandbeingopentolifeitself,initselftoberelatedtothewholeoflifethroughwatchingtheprocessofsynchronicity.Eventhehighestandmostimportantoccupationconnectedwithone'sowninnerdevelopmenthasanarcissisticquality,ithastobeso.Foratimeonehastobeshutupinthevesselandattendtoone'sownbusiness,andtosomeextentnotbeopentowardslifeduringthatperiod;thatisnecessaryandinevitable.Butinthestatedescribednow,thewholenatureofthecosmosisagainincludedandthatisrelationshiptowardsGod.

Thelastparableistheconversationofthebelovedwithhisbride:

TurntowardsmewithyourwholeheartanddonotrejectmebecauseIamblack,forthesunhastakenmycolourawayandtheabysshascoveredmyface.Theearthiscontaminatedinmyworks,darknesshasspreadovertheearth,Iamatthebottomoftheabyssandmysubstancehasnotyetbeenopened.

Icryfromthedepthandfromtheabyssoftheearth,Iraisemyvoicetoallyouwhopassby,attendtomeandlookatmeiftherebeanybodylikeuntome.TohimIwillgivethemorningstar.BeholdIhavewaitedonmycouchthewholenightforsomeonetocomfortmeandhavenotfoundany.Icalledandnoneansweredme.

Yousee,hereagainhebeginswiththedeepestdepression.

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80.Thealchemistenclosedinastateofnigredo(depression),likenedinthe''Aurora

consurgens"toabridegroominatomb,awaitinghisbride(hislostsoul).

IwillariseandgointothetownandwillseekinthealleysandstreetsifImayfindachastevirgin,beautifulinfaceandbodyandmorebeautifullyclothed,whoshallrollawaythestonefrommytombandgivemefeatherslikethedove,andwithherIwillflyuptoHeaven.AndIwillsaytoherthatnowIliveineternityandwillrestinher,forshewillstandatmyrightdressedinagoldengarment.Hearken,mydaughter,inclinethyeartowardsmeandlistentomyprayer,forwithmywholeheartIhavelongedforthybeauty.

Thatisthebridegroomcallingfromhistomb.Hewantstoberesurrected;heisburiedinhistombandnowhecallsforhisbridewhoisabirdlikebeingwhohasfeathersandfliesinHeaven.Sosheisaghost,aspiritualbeing.

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Ihavespokeninmylanguage:Tellmemyendandthenumberofmydays,forthouhascircumscribedmydaysandmysubstanceisasnothingbeforethee.Thouartshewhowillentermyear,whowillentermybody,andwhowillclothemewithapurplerobe,andthenIshallcomeforthlikeabridegroomfromhischamber,forthouwiltdecoratemewithgemsandstonesandclothemewiththegarmentofhappiness.

Enteringtheearissomethingverystrange.ItisanallusiontocertainmedievaltheoriesthatChristwasconceivedthroughtheearoftheVirginMary.TheangeloftheAnnunciationappearedandtoldhershewouldconceiveandbearachild;sometheologianstookthattomeanChristwassupernaturallyconceivedthroughthewordenteringherearandthatwascalledtheconceptioperaurem,conceptionbytheear.Thereisadeadbridegroomintheabyss,indespairinthetomb,andnowhecallsforhisbridewhofliesinHeavenwithwings.Firstshewillopenhistombandthenwillenterhisear;thenhewillresurrectandshewillgivehimagarmentofresurrectionandjoy.

Youseehereveryclearlythatitisaninnerprocessoftheconiunctio,itisunionwiththeanima.Shegoesinthroughtheear,sheisunderstoodandintegratedandthatemanatesasanewattitude.Inalchemicaltermsthatisthebeginningoftherubedo.Firstthereisthenigredoorblackness,thenthewhiteness,andnowbeginstherubedo,theredstate,whichiswhythebridegroomgetsaredgarmenthere.

Theproblemis,whoisthebridegroom?HereheiscomparedtoChristHimself,forthewords"Iwillproceedfromthechamberasabridegroom"alludetoChrist.Atthesametimeitisclearlytheauthor.Hereagainisadescriptionoftheprocessoftheconiunctioinwhichtheauthorisinvolvedwithhisdivinepart,ageniuneexpressionoftheexperienceofwhatJungcalls"becomingChristlike."TheindividualherehimselfbecomesaSonofGod,andthereforeabridegroomoftheWisdomofGod.ItisamysticalunionwiththeGodheadandthe

Godhead,asyouwillsee,isfeminine.Hebegshertotellhimwhosheissothateveryonemayknow,andshereplies:

Hearkenallnations,perceivewithyourears,myredbridegroomhasspoken.Heaskedandhasreceived.

Iamtheflowerofthefieldandthelilyofthevalleys.Iamthemotherofbeautifulloveandofholyrecognitionandholyhope.Iamthefertilevineyardwhichbearssweetsmellingfruit,andmyflowersaretheflowersofhonourandbeauty.Iamthebedofmybeloved,aroundwhomstand

Page269

81."Analysisshouldreleaseanexperiencethatgripsorfallsuponusasfromabove,anexperiencethathassubstanceandbodysuchasthosethingswhichoccurredtotheancients.IfIweregoingto

symboliseitIwouldchoosetheAnnunciation."Jung.Inalchemicaltermsthatisthebeginningoftherubedo.

Page270

sixtyheroesbearingtheirswordsattheirhipsagainstthehorrorsofthenight.Iambeautifulandwithoutflaw.

Ilookthroughthewindowandseemybelovedthroughthelattice.Iwoundhisheartwithoneofmyeyesandinonehairofmyneck.Iamthefragranceofanointments.Iamthechosenmyrrh.Iamthecleverestamongthevirginswhocomeforthliketheaurora,themorningdawn,chosenlikethesunandbeautifulasthemoonwithoutmentionofwhatiswithin.IamlikethegreatcedarsandthecypressesonMt.Sion.Iamthecrownwithwhichmybridegroomshallbecrownedonthedayofhisweddingandhisjoy,formynameislikeapoured-outointment.

IamthechosenvineyardinwhichtheLordsentworkmeneachhouroftheday.Iamthelandofpromiseinwhichthephilosophershavesowntheirgoldandsilver.Ifthisgraindoesnotfallintomeanddie,thenitwillnotproducethethreefoldfruit.Iamthebreadfromwhichthepoorwilleattilltheendoftheworldandneverhungeragain.

AndthencomethewordsofGodasintheBible,fromwhichitiscompletelymanifestthatthisfemalebeingisGod:

Igiveanddemandnothinginreturn.IgivepastureandIneverfail.Igivesecurityandamneverafraid.WhatmoreshallIsaytomybeloved?Iamthemediatorbetweentheelementswhichmediatebetweentheoneandtheother.

WhatiswarmIcoolandwhatisdryImakemoist,andviceversa.WhatishardIsoften,andviceversa.Iamtheendandmybelovedisthebeginning.Iamthewholeworkandthewholescienceishiddeninme.Iamthelawinthepriest,thewordintheprophet,andthecounselinthewiseman.

AndnowagainthereisaquotationfromthewordsofGodasgivenintheBible:

IkillandImakealive,neitheristhereanythatcandeliveroutofmyhand(Deuteronomy32:39).Ioffermymouthtomybelovedandhekissethme.

HeandIareone.Whocanseparateusfromourlove?Nooneinlengthorbreadth,forourloveisstrongerthandeath.

Thenheanswers:

O,mybelovedbride,thyvoicehassoundedinmyearsandissweet.Youarebeautiful....Comenow,mybeloved,letusgooutintothefield,letusdwellinthevillages.Wewillriseupearly,forthenightisfarspentandthedayisathand.Wewillseeifthyvineyardhasblossomedandifithasbornefruit.Therethouwiltgivemethylove,andfortheeIhavepreservedoldandnewfruits.Weshallenjoythemwhileweareyoung.Letusfillourselveswithwineandointmentsandthereshallbenoflowerwhichwewillnotputintoourcrown,firstliliesandthenrosesbeforetheyfade.

ThisisverymeaningfulbecauseitisallfromtheBible,whereitisthesinnerswhosayit!IntheBible,thesinners,theidiots,the

Page271

82.Representationsofthesymbolicprocess,whichbeginsinchaos(conflict

anddepression)andendswiththebirthofthephoenix(thenewpersonality).

Page272

imbeciles,andthosewhoarerejectedbyGodsay,"Letusgooutintothefields,"andsoon,andherethebrideandbridegroomsayitintheconiunctio.

Oneofthemonkswhocopiedoutthetextgotsopulledintothepleasureofitthatwhenhecametothepartaboutwalkingthroughthemeadowandpickingtheflowers,insteadoftranslatingpratum(meadow)hewrote:"thereisnopeccatumwewillnotpick"!Thepoormonkusedthewordpeccatum,sin,insteadofpratum,somethingwhichinmedievalstenographycouldveryeasilyhappen.Hemadeacomplexmistake.ForsomeonewhoknowstheBibleitwouldbeveryshockingifthebridegroomandbridequotedthewordsoftheworld'ssinners.Whatonearthwasthismanthinkingwhenhewrotethat?

Nobodyshallbeexcludedfromourhappiness.Wewillliveinaunionofeternalloveandwillsayhowgoodandlovelyitistolivetwoinone.Thereforewewillbuildthreetents,oneforme,oneforthee,andthethirdforoursons,forathreefoldropeshallnotbebroken.WhohasearstohearlethimhearwhatthespiritofthedoctrinesaystotheSonsoftheDisciplineoftheunionofthelovingandthebeloved.Forhehassownhisseedfromwhichthethreefoldfruitwillripenandofwhichtheauthorofthethreewordssays:Theyarethethreepreciouswordsinwhichthewholescienceishiddenandwhichshallbegiventothegodly,namelytothepoorfromthefirsttothelastman.

Thoselastwordsalludetoasecrettraditionwhichonlytheinitiatedhandontoeachother,i.e.,thetraditionofthisloveunion.ThethreetentsareanallusiontotheannouncementinRevelation21:2-3thatGodwillliveinonetentthetabernaclewithmanonearth:"AndI,John,sawtheholycity,newJerusalem,comingdownfromGodoutofheaven,preparedasabrideadornedforherhusband.AndIheardagreatvoiceoutofheavensaying,Behold,thetabernacleofGodiswithmen,andhewilldwellwiththem,andtheyshallbehispeople,

andGodhimselfshallbewiththem,andbetheirGod."

SoyouseetheconiunctiohereendswithanincarnationoftheDivinity,itisGodcomingdownintothehumanbeing.ThatiswhatJunghasformulatedinsayingthatwhatisseenfromthehumanangleasbeingtheprocessofindividuation,asseenfromtheangleoftheimageofGodisaprocessofincarnation.

Page273

IndexPagenumbersinitalicrefertoillustrations

A

aborigines,Australian,17,27

Acharontos,46,50,70,72

activeimagination,21,78,128-132,134-137,193-194,241-242

Adam:87-88,89,90,92,157,212

andEve,53-55,88,90

Adler,Alfred,128

Aker,70,71,72-73

albedo,204,220-223,241,268

AlberttheGreat,St.,43,186

alchemy/alchemists:andastrology,44,63

andblacksmith,48

andchemistry,40-42,67,77,224

developmentof,40-43,57,66-68,75,78,223-224

libraryandlaboratory,83

mysteryof,45-46,50,53,67,79,84,95,113,146-147,231

innigredo,223,267

andprojection,21-22,37-38,76,107,113,152,212,223-224

qualitiesnecessary,264-265

stagesin,12,197,235

andTrinity,247

atwork,20,38,67,83,195,231,240

ambition,126,128,130-131,133,170-171

Amnaël,45

analysis:17-19.26-27,54-56,86-87,91,97,101-106,128,139,141,142,148-149,152-153,162,164,220-223,254-266,269

andsecrets,68-69

sexualurgein,58-59

andspontaneity,229-232,233,238-239

anima:51-52,93,100-101,116,132,135-136,152-153,164,201-203,216,225,231,232,268

projectionof,57-58,130,176,229

split,142-143

animaChristi,183-184

animamundi,210,213

animus,57,123,130,152-153,164,169-170,176,201,226,229,232,263

Annunciation,268,269

ant,82,88,94

Anubis,46,69,72,74,79

Apocalypse(Revelations),204,219-220,272

Apollo,82,84,116,118,156

apple,52-54

Apuleius,52

aquadoctrinae,100

Aquinas,St.Thomas,43,178-181,186,192-193,196,205,207,235

archetype(s):

incarnationof,217-218,248,272

andinstinct,59,60

personified,28,29-30

projectionof,29-30,34-38,118,122-123,212,250

"ArchetypeandConstitution"(Marti),214-215

Arimasps(ants),88,94

arrow,114-116

arsenic,asmalewater,50,82

Artemidoros,22

ashes,228

AssumptionofVirginMary,62,64,65,215

astrology,44,63

augmentumplumbi,171

Augustine,St.,98

Avicenna,186

Azazel,49

B

baptism,245,249-250

Babyloniancaptivity,234,241

bath:221seealsowashing

Beardy,Jackson,127

bearskin,15-16,30

Page274

Benjouminminor(St.Victor),20

Berthelot,M.,41

birds:114,168

dove,204,219,221

eagle,14,15,108,110,114,115,116

swan,115

wingedandwingless,109,110,114,116,124,125-126,127,128-132,133,134-135

BirthoftheDragon(Jacoby),243

blackcloud,203,206,207-208,241

BlackElkSpeaks,261

Blake,William,28,233

Boehme,Jakob,117,191,216

Bonus,Petrus,177

BookofKrates,114

bowandarrow,108,114-116

Buddha,156,161

C

CatholicChurch,15-17,24-25,100,144,162,215,245-250

causality,32-33,186-187

chaos,6,204,206,208,209,271

chemistry,40-42,44,67,77-79,113

Chepera,72,88

child:divine,163,168,171,225-227,244,250-251,262,271

frustrated(inadult),105-107,254

Chnouphis,46

Christ:16,20,25,101,218-219,248-249,268

andAdamandEve,53-55

inbearskin,15-16,30

ascornerstone,148

soulof,183-184,212

assun,162

Christianity,14-17,24-28,31-33,62-65,202-203,212-215,260

Chrysokolla,82,93

churingastone,27

circulatio,166,257,262

circumambulation,204,257

clay,87-88,89,90

cloud,black,203,206,207-208,241

"CloudofUnknowing,The",208

CodexMarcianus,41,43

coffin:24,73,113,159

andOsiris,82,84,85,86-87,102,107

compensation,198,228,260

conceptioperaurem,268

concupiscence,188,190

conflict,136-137,142-148,152-157,168,169-170,206,208,209,223,235,254,263

coniunctio:

ofbodyandspirit,258-260

ofbridegroomandbride(theWisdomofGod),267,268,270,272

ofcockandhen,150,151

ofconsciousandunconscious,6,164

indespair,162,163

offireandwater,103,259

forced,266

asfountain,175

asharmony/balance,106,153,172

ashermaphrodite,6,176

andincarnationofGod,272

asinnerprocess,164,251,268

andinstinctoftruth,172,173,174-176

ofkingandqueen,151,153,201,251

ofmaleandfemale,6,89-90,95,99,103,145,158,251,255,259

asmonstrosity,145

asmysticalunion,201,268,270,272

innewmoon,162,163

ofsunandmoon,111-112,116,151,153,154,159,162-164,167,168,169-172,264

andtension,156

unconscious,145

asunionwithanima,268

invessel,6,158,159,264

consciousness:

collective,sunas,143-144

developmentof,54-56,60-63,66,143-149,256

one-sided,149,156,213,260

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andrigidity,255-256,264

andsexualurge,57-60

andspontaneity,229-232,233,238-239

twoprinciplesof,144-149,155-159

corn,resurrectionof,73,75

corruptiblehumidity,225,228-229,233,245

creativity,104,159-160,162

Creed,Catholic,245-246

cross,14,20-21,137,202-203

Cupid,115-116,119

D

Dechemia(Senior),108-109,110,111-114,124

deNerval,Gérard,217-218

Democritus,80

depression,85,102-104,105,106,128,148,162,163,209,220,223,225,235,263,266,267,271

Descartes,32-33

devil,126,130-132,136,208,212,226,254-255,263

distilling,220-221,228,245,257

divinechild,seechild:divine

DonJuan,58

Dorn,Gerhard,224,230

doublelion,70,71,72,170

dove,64,204,219,221,227,269

dragon,14,243

dream(s):16-19,21-24,34,39,54,62-63,84,101-102,147,212,229,261

ofapple,52

Babylonian,23

ofcoffins,24

ofeagle,14

offishing,231,232

ofGodhead,30

ofhouseonfire,23

logicof,185

ofMass,17

ofMotherNature,65-66

ofpersonifiedarchetype,29-30

prognostic,24

projected,24

ofunknownwoman,52,62

ofwashing,221

drives,seeinstincts

drivenness,126-131,156-157,170-171

Druses,42-43,165

E

eagle,14,15,108,110,114,115,116,120

egg,6,82,168

ego:87,155-160,217

rigid,255-256,264

Einstein,Albert,36

elements,four,12,82,152,197,257

elixir,ofwidow,50,77

ElHofis,167,201

ElRoumi,167,201

Elohim,120

empathy,159

enantiodromia,14,31,62-63,65,213-215

Eros,114,116,118,119

Eskimos,18

Ethiopians,82,88,94,208,210,211

Eve:51,52-53

andAdam,53-55,88,90

andVirginMary,227

evolution,235

ExercitiaSpiritualia(St.Ignatius),20

extractioanimae,228

F

felixculpa,53-55

fire:127,133,152,188-189,244,265-266

andemotion,86,117,129,251-252,253,254,257-258,265

asHolyGhost,28-31,249

unionwithwater,103,259

fish,127,232,238

fishing,231,232

flower:golden,240

seven-petalled,235

four-body,82-83,87

fourfoldorder,197

Freemasons,13,224

Freud,Sigmund,128

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frustration,104-107

furnace,alchemical,38,115,153,265

G

Gabir,114

goat,black,23

goat'sblood,171-172

God/Godhead:15-16,51-56,165,167,213

ascloud,208

andconsciousness,54-56

contactwith,136-140,141,142

darkside,156,157

dreamsof,30

asfeminine,212-214,215,216-219,227,268(seealsoWisdomofGod)

immutabilityof,33

incarnationof,217-218,248,272

asLogos,183,184,185,218

representationsof,27-32,249-250

revelationof,24-25,205

sunas,149

aswiseoldman,28,250

Goethe,132,259

GoldenAss,The(Apuleius),52

gorilla-circus,lifeas,170

H

Hathor,51,159

heart,flaming,191

Heraclitus,27

hermaphrodite,6,176

Hermes,46,69,110,111,114,118seealsoMercurius

HolyGhost:141-142,193,212,218,242,244-246,247,248-250,262

ascloventongues,173

asfeminine,183-184,186

asinstinctoftruth,172,173

asnaturalphenomena,27-29,249-250

sectsof,247-249

HopiIndians,15

Horus,40,43-44,45,46-47,67,159

HughdeSt.Victor,20

humidity,corruptible,225,228-229,232,245

I

IgnatiusofLoyola,St.,20

illumination,256

immortality,searchfor,93-94,113

Indians,NorthAmerica,15,17-19,127

individuationprocess,12,20,69,76,83,131,148,159-160,161,165,171,201,219,256,257,258-264,265,266,272

inflation,30,54,140-142,155,157,160,164,194,196-197,204,207

instinct(s):12,97,126,127,128-130,220-221

andarchetype,59,60

oftruth,172,173,174-176

InterpretationofDreamsintheAncientNearEast(Oppenheim),22

introversion,asvessel,86,87

intuition,176

Isis:23,40,45,51-53,56-63,67,69,73,74,159

lettertoHorus,49-50

J

Jacoby,Margaret,122,243

jealousy,129

Jonah,148

Jung,C.G.,13-14,15,20,22,37-38,83,90,93,96-97,113,121,126,149,155-156,169,178-179,182,191-193,195,225,235,260,264,268,269,272

justandunjustsun,124,126,144-149,155-157

K

Kabbala,19,108,203

kairoi,44

kenosis,218-219

Kepler,Johannes,32

Kerkoros,69

kidneys,100

kneadedman,82,87-88,89,90,93

knowledge:

ofgoodandevil,53-56

projectedintowater,100-102

symbolic,191-192

Koran,108

Kunapipi,17

Page277

L

lapisangularis,148

lead:21-22,38,81-86,90-91,102,171

madnessof,82,91,106

''LetterfromtheSuntotheWaxingMoon"(Senior),111-112,149-153,155,162-163,167-171,201,227

library,andlaboratory,83

lion:47,104-106,112,170-171,195,271

devouringsun,105

double,70,71,72,170

lizard,19

Logos,183,184,185,218

LoonandFish(Beardy),127

love,116-118,119,123,128-129,162,164,202,217-218,220

M

magic,49,77,81

Maier,Michael,224

MalakJahwe,120

mana,24,27-28,249-250

Maria,Prophetess,81-82

marriage,mystical,179,201,268seealsoconiunctio

Marti,Hans,214-215

Mass,15,17,199

massaconfusa,208

masturbation,131-132,136-137

matter:andmotherarchetype,64,65-66,212-215

andspirit,37,38,64,86,93-94,146-147,212-213,215,230,232,233,241,249-250,258-260

transformationof,12,64,76-78,84,86,215

andunconscious,37-40,78-79

Maya,99

Mercurius,86,100,129,168,247seealsoHermes

mermaid,231

metals,seven,204,220

milk,virgin's,63

MohammedibnUmail,seeSenior

moon:andIsis,40,51

natureof,149-153

split,142-143

andsun,12,61-63,100,109,110,111-112,116,124,125-126,149-150,151,152-153,154,155,162,163,164-167,168,170-171,201,227

insun'sshadow,162,163

motherarchetype,65-66,212-215

mouldedman,seekneadedman

mulungu,249

mundusinferior,125,135

MysteriumConiunctionis(Jung),126,155,162,177,182

N

NavahoIndians,15

Nephthys,74,75

Neptune,231

nightseajourney,71,148

nigredo,147,196,208,211,220-222,223,225,241,267,268

NiklausvonderFlue,St.,15-16,30,205

nouspoiétikos,186-187

O

Olympiodorus,40,80-90,93,102

one-sidedness,149,156,213,260

Oppenheim,22

opposites,unionof,seeconiunctio

OrderoftheOldMen,164-165

Osiris,44,72,73,74,75,82,84,85,86,93,102,106-107,236

Ouroboros,41,69,70,91,116,125,174,251-252

Ox-herdingPicturesofZen,160,161

P

Paracelsus,177

parapsychology,236-237

participationmystique,95,119,123

patriarchy,61-63,65

Pauli,Wolfgang,33

peacock,158

pearl,77-78,204,220,241

Pelican,asvessel,257

penetration,powerof,236-237

persona,regressiverestorationof,198

Petasios,82,102

phallus,astree,92

Page278

philosopher'sstone:12,166,169-170,174,236-238,254,256,264

asdivinechild,168,171,225-227,244,250-251

asgoldenflower,240

asinstinctoftruth,173

andnightseajourney,148

astempleofthewise,12

aswidow,50

asWisdomofGod,189

phoenix,12,271

pissingmannikin,49

Planck,Max,36

planets,6,220,234,235

primamateria:

asAdam,92

aschaos,206,208

asclay,88

aslead,84-86

asredsulphur,127-128,133

assalamander,117

asunconsciouscontents,37

washingof,221-222,241,250

aswater,66

aswinglessbird,127

prison,237

projection(s):

inalchemy,21-22,37-38,76-77,107,113,152,212,223-224

ofanima,57-58,130,176,229

ofarchetype,29-30,34-39,118-121

ofdreams,24

onEthiopians,94,210,211

offeminineontomatter,212-215

ofindividuationprocess,76,131

andintuition,176

ofmeaning,186-187

inrelationships,34-35,116,117,118,119,120-123,130,176,221,229,237-239

inscience,28,32-36,152-153,186-187

ofSelf,106-107,118

ofshadow,210,211

ofspiritintree,121,122,123

withdrawalof,87,117,186-187,195,222,230,232

Prometheantheft,56

PsychologicalTypes(Jung),121,123

PsychologyandAlchemy(Jung),13-14,93,210

psychosis,25-26,91,101,104,164,178,190-193,198-199,204-205,207,217-218,225-226,241-242,263

Ptolemaeus,22

pyramids,113

R

Ra,sungod,60,61

Radin,Paul,19

Razi,ar,42

redsulphur,seesulphur:red

ReginaldofPiperno,180-181,193

religion,andscience,31-33,54-55

religious:

attitude,94-98,146-149,246

experience,260-261

resurrection,70-73,74,75,86-89,171,227,234-236

ReunionofSoulandBody(Blake),233

Revelations,seeApocalypse

rigidity,ofconsciousness,255-256,264

RipleyScroll,14

rock,asSelf,263-264

Rosicrucians,13,224

rubedo,83,268,269

Ruska,J.,107

Rwti,doublelion,70,71

S

salamander,117

Sapientia,183

Saturn,102,115,156,157,188

scarab,72,88

schizophrenia,seepsychosis

science:andprojection,28,32-36,152-153,186-187

andreligion,31-33,54-55

SecretoftheGoldenFlower,The(Jung),166,169

secret(motif),67,68-69,79,162

Sedna,18

Self:88,93-95,118-121,237-238

andconflict,136-137

andcreativity,159-160

Page279

darkside,156,157

asdivinechild,seechild:divine

andego,155-160

asenergysource,127

asinstinctoftruth,172,173,174-176

inloveexperience,201-202

projectionof,28,106-107,118

asrock,263-264

inspaceandtime,165-167

aswiseoldman,28,29-31,165

Senior,42,107-114,126,146,174,188-190,194,201,204,220,227,244

separatio,195,233,257

Seth,43-44,84,86

seven,204,220,234,235,244-245

sex,58,126-128,138-140,171-172,190

Sheba,Queenof,200-203

Shi-ites,19,42,96,108,146,165,201

Sila,18

Silesius,Angelus,155

Sina,Ibn,186

Sion,daughtersof,234,241

snake:

inParadise,51

seealsoOuroboros

Solniger,156,157

Solomon:188,200-203

Songof,181,193,202

Sophia,132,136-137,183,185,216

sorormystica,20,195,231

soulandbody,reunionof,233

spider,98,99

spirit:

andbirds,114,168

devilas,226

eagleas,14,15,114,115,116

andmatter,37-38,87,146-147,230,232,233,241,249-250,258-260

releasedfrommatter,37

swanas,115

intree,121,122,123

seealsoHolyGhost

spontaneity,conscious,229-232,233,238-239

Stapleton,107

stars,seven,204,220

statue,withtablet,109,110,111-114,124

steam,seevapour

Stoicism,31

stone,seephilosopher'sstone

subtlebody,237

suffocation,82-87,102-107

sulphur:21,100

red,126,127,128-131,133,134-137,142

sun:asChrist,162

ascollectiveconsciousness,143-144

cultof,61-63

darkside,156,157

devouredbylion,105

asGodhead,149

justandunjust,110,124,144-149,155-157

andmoon,seemoon:andsun

raysof,125-126,144-149

asSelf,155-157

assulphur,100

Sunnites,19,42,108,146

superstition,95-99

Suzuki,161

swan,115

"SymbolicLife,The"(Jung),182

synchronicity,78-79,95,186,259,266

T

tablet,inDechemia,109,110,111-114,124

tabulasmaragdina,113-114

tai-gi-tu,116

Tao,95,238

telepathy,96-97,174

Templars,42-43

theology,andpsychology,138-140,141

Thoth,43,69

Tiamat,212

Tobalki,49

tongues,cloven,173

transference,69,128-129,191-192,201

Documents

test · hieroglyphica (1597), p. 5. C.G. Jung Coll. 26. The Fallen Adam as Prima Materia. "Miscellanea d'alchimia," MS Ashburnham 1166 (14th cent.). Medici Lib., Florence. 92