BIO 110 Study Guide for Module 2

In general, know all of the bolded terms in the mini-lecture. This is just a guide you need to learn the information in the notes and not just rely only on this outline when you study! Ch. 20 Introduction to Animal Physiology

1. Be able to distinguish between negative and positive feedback loops. How does each work?2. Be able to distinguish between thermoregulation and osmoregulation.3. How do the kidneys work? What is dialysis?4. Know the four different tissue types and examples of each.

Ch. 21 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

1. Know the structures of the respiratory system and the function of each. 2. Understand respiratory tract disorders, especially influenza (where does it come from, how is it spread, how does it mutate?), the common cold, and smoking-related disorders.3. Understand what happens physically when you breathe.4. Know the three types of blood cells and the function of each.5. Know the structure and basic physiology of the heart.6. Know the difference between arteries and veins. 7. Be able to trace the path of a drop of blood through the body (i.e. know the major blood vessels and parts of the heart).8. Understand a blood pressure reading and a pulse.9. Know about treatments for and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Ch. 22 Digestion and Nutrition

1. Know the 6 parts of the digestive system (structures) and what each one does (function). Know where the various food types (carbs, etc.) begin to get digested.2. Know what happens when you swallow food.3. Know the indicated enzymes, hormones, pH levels, accessory organs, etc. involved in digestion.4. What causes heartburn, ulcers, and diarrhea? What is GERD?5. Why is obesity such a concern?6. Know the groups of nutrients essential to life; why they are important and how much energy (calories) does each supply? 7. Be able to distinguish between the different kinds of lipids, carbs, etc. 8. Be able to distinguish between the two types of diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2). Ch. 25 Reproduction

1. Know structures (internal and external) and functions of male and female reproductive systems.2. Be sure to know all hormones, where they are produced and what they do.3. Know male hormonal cycle do they have a cycle??4. What happens during fertilization of the egg? How are identical vs. fraternal twins conceived?5. Know the female hormonal cycle well.6. Know the various categories of birth control methods, examples in each category, and relative effectiveness of each method.7. What are the bacterial STDs and what are their symptoms?8. Which STDs are viral? Which is the most common STD? What are the differences between hepatitis A, B, and C?9. What is HIV/AIDS and how is it transmitted (and how is it not transmitted)? What does an HIV test detect?

Ch. 26 Immune System

1. Know the general differences between nonspecific and specific defenses.2. Know examples of external vs. internal nonspecific defenses and the purposes of each. Be sure to know the enzymes, proteins, cells, organs and chemicals involved in all immune responses.3. Know what happens during an inflammatory response.4. What is the lymphatic system? Know the purpose of the various lymphoid organs.5. Know the difference between an antigen and an antibody.6. Understand the differences between and examples of humoral- vs. cell-mediated immunity.7. What happens during a primary immune response vs. a secondary immune response?8. Understand the overall immune system response.9. Understand the differences between and know examples of actively acquired vs. passively acquired immunity.10. Understand what allergies are.11. Know examples of autoimmune diseases and their causes.