Texas Becomes a StateTexas Becomes a State

Ch. 12 Section 4Ch. 12 Section 4

Chapter 12.4Chapter 12.4Texas Becomes a State Texas Becomes a State

I. The Texas QuestionI. The Texas Question

A. Annexation an issue during A. Annexation an issue during Houston’s second term as president.Houston’s second term as president.

B. Opponents believed it would benefit B. Opponents believed it would benefit Southern slaveholders and spark war Southern slaveholders and spark war with Mexicowith Mexico

C. American immigrants increase C. American immigrants increase popularity of annexation and popularity of annexation and strengthen ties to United Statesstrengthen ties to United States

D. In 1844 Texas and United States D. In 1844 Texas and United States signed a treaty to make Texas a United signed a treaty to make Texas a United States territoryStates territory..

1. Texas would give its public 1. Texas would give its public lands to the United Stateslands to the United States

2. United States would pay all 2. United States would pay all Republic of Texas’s debtsRepublic of Texas’s debts. .

3. U.S. Senate rejected the treaty3. U.S. Senate rejected the treatya. Senate opposed another slave a. Senate opposed another slave statestateb. Concerned about Mexicob. Concerned about Mexico

II. Polk wins ElectionA. James K. Polk favors A. James K. Polk favors annexationannexationB. Henry Clay against itB. Henry Clay against itC. Polk’s close victory showed C. Polk’s close victory showed most of the voters favored most of the voters favored annexationannexation

1. People moving West favored 1. People moving West favored annexationannexation2. Most Americans believed in2. Most Americans believed inMANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINY

III. Congress and Texas Approve III. Congress and Texas Approve AnnexationAnnexation

A. On February 28, 1845, Congress passed A. On February 28, 1845, Congress passed joint resolutionjoint resolution for annexation for annexation

B. Texas could keep public lands but should B. Texas could keep public lands but should sell some to pay its debtssell some to pay its debts

C. Texas could be divided into FIVE states, C. Texas could be divided into FIVE states, but only with the approval of both Texas and but only with the approval of both Texas and the United Statesthe United States

D. December 29, 1845, Polk signs treaty D. December 29, 1845, Polk signs treaty making Texas a statemaking Texas a state

IV. Mexico Offers Recognition IV. Mexico Offers Recognition

A. Britain and France opposed A. Britain and France opposed annexationannexation

B. Mexico convinced to recognize B. Mexico convinced to recognize Texas’s independenceTexas’s independence

C. Texans reject the offerC. Texans reject the offer

V.V. ““The Republic of Texas Is No More”The Republic of Texas Is No More”

A. In a ceremony in front of the A. In a ceremony in front of the capitol, Anson Jones, turned over capitol, Anson Jones, turned over the government to J. Pinckney the government to J. Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Henderson, the first governor of the statethe stateB. Texas became the 28th stateB. Texas became the 28th state

The Lone Star StateThe Lone Star State

Chapter 14, Section 1Chapter 14, Section 1

Texas State ConstitutionTexas State Constitution

1845 – delegates wrote a new state 1845 – delegates wrote a new state constitutionconstitution

Very similar to the Louisiana ConstitutionVery similar to the Louisiana Constitution

Constitution, Details…Constitution, Details…Three Branch GovernmentThree Branch Government::– Executive BranchExecutive Branch: Governor: Governor

2 year term, no consecutive terms, citizen of 2 year term, no consecutive terms, citizen of Texas for 3 years before election, at least 30 Texas for 3 years before election, at least 30 years oldyears old

– Legislative BranchLegislative Branch: Congress: CongressHouse serves 2 year terms, Senate serves 4 House serves 2 year terms, Senate serves 4 year termsyear terms

– Judicial BranchJudicial Branch: Courts: CourtsSupreme Court, District and county courts Supreme Court, District and county courts createdcreated

Constitution, continuedConstitution, continued

JudicialJudicial: Originally : Originally governor appointed governor appointed judges of state courts, judges of state courts, later amended and later amended and judges voted injudges voted in11stst Governor Governor: J. : J. Pinckney HendersonPinckney Henderson11stst US Senators US Senators: Sam : Sam Houston & Thomas Houston & Thomas RuskRusk11stst Representatives Representatives: : David Kaufman & David Kaufman & Timothy PillsburyTimothy Pillsbury

Political PartiesPolitical Parties

Organized in the Organized in the United States by United States by 18501850

Democrats, Whigs, Democrats, Whigs, American/Know-American/Know-Nothing, Nothing, Republican PartyRepublican Party

Democratic PartyDemocratic Party

Most Texas leaders joinedMost Texas leaders joined

Strong in SouthStrong in South

Represented the interests of the Represented the interests of the working class: farmers and laborersworking class: farmers and laborers

Whig PartyWhig Party

Another major US partyAnother major US party

Represented business and Represented business and commercial interestscommercial interests

Few Texans supported themFew Texans supported them

Opposed expanding slavery into new Opposed expanding slavery into new territoriesterritories

American/Know-Nothing American/Know-Nothing PartyParty

Tried to keep new immigrants from Tried to keep new immigrants from voting or holding officevoting or holding office

Demanded immigration be restrictedDemanded immigration be restricted

The practice of nominating The practice of nominating candidates by conventions originated candidates by conventions originated with this party.with this party.

Republican PartyRepublican Party

Formed when Whigs split over the Formed when Whigs split over the issue of slaveryissue of slavery

The new Republican party strongly The new Republican party strongly opposed the extension of slavery.opposed the extension of slavery.

This party had no support in Texas This party had no support in Texas before the Civil War.before the Civil War.

Federal Aid for Reservations

• To stop the conflicts between settlers and Native Americans, the United States government placed many Native Americans on reservations.

• The system was not successful because Native Americans were not given enough land on which to survive.

• Some Native Americans refused to move onto the reservations.

• Many settlers opposed the reservation system, believing that raids in North and Central Texas were made by Native Americans who lived on reservations.

Federal Aid for Reservations (cont.)