Texas History Spring Final 2014

What you need to know!

Early Texas

Cattle were first brought to America by explorers from Spain.

Texas Independence

Juan Seguin was in charge of destroying the provisions in Gonzales after Houston’s army withdrew.

Texas Independence

Texas leaders signed the Declaration of Independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836.

Texas Independence

David Crockett was a former state legislator and U.S. congressman from the state of Tennessee.

Texas Independence

The weakness in the Alamo defense was a gap in the wall.

Texas Independence

“I am besieged by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna…I shall never surrender or retreat……Victory or Death!”-William B. Travis, commander of the Alamo

Texas Independence

Soldiers were told that remaining in the Alamo meant certain death. The Alamo fell to Santa Anna’s troops on March 6, 1836.

Texas Independence

After the battle of the Alamo, the bodies of the defenders were burned.

Texas Independence

An important reason for the Texans’ defeat at Goliad was Fannin’s indecision.

Texas Independence

Most of the Texans captured at Goliad believed they would be treated fairly.

Texas Independence

Santa Anna feared that any survivors at Goliad would rejoin the rebellion.

Texas Independence

General Urrea regretted Santa Anna’s decision to execute Texans after the Battle of Goliad.

Texas Independence

Runaway Scrape was the flight of Texas families that was plagued by a lack of food, bad weather, and sickness.

Texas Independence

The two famous battle cries from this time were “Remember the Alamo” and “Remember Goliad.”

Texas Independence

The events at the Alamo inspired most Texans to carry on the struggle for freedom.

Texas Independence

The battle of San Jacinto was important because Texas won its independence from Mexico.

Texas Independence

General Santa Anna was found hiding in tall grass at the end of the battle of San Jacinto.

Texas Independence

After the Battle of San Jacinto and the Treaties of Velasco were signed, Texas became an independent country. Santa Anna vowed not to fight Texas again.

Republic of Texas

President Mirabeau Lamar had a goal of improving education for Texans.

Republic of Texas

Texans tried to take Comanche negotiators as hostages in a struggle known as the Council House Fight.

Republic of Texas

At the end of President Lamar’s term, the public debt was $7 million.

Republic of Texas

The primary purpose of the Texas Rangers during the time of the Republic was to protect Texans from Native American raids.

Republic of Texas

Most Texans wanted to become part of the United States, however they did NOT want slavery abolished.

Republic of Texas

• Anson Jones was the last President of the Republic of Texas

• He was the President of the Republic during the annexation of Texas by the United States

State of Texas

Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. would expand from coast to coast.

State of Texas

Settlers obtained land under the Homestead Act by living on the land.

State of Texas• 1845: the year Texas

was annexed by the United States. Texas was the 28th state to join the Union.

• Under the 1845 joint resolution, Texas could be divided into as many as 5 states.

State of Texas

A major reason for delaying Texas annexation was the Mexico refused to recognize Texas independence.

State of Texas

• The 1845 joint resolution pleased most Texans because it made Texas a U.S. state.

• The 1845 state constitution set two-year terms for the governor.

State of Texas• The new state

constitution protected the system of slavery. Most Texans did NOT want slavery abolished.

• An abolitionist is a person who worked to end slavery.

State of Texas• Most settlers who

came to Texas during the early years of statehood came from the southern U.S.

• The eastern part of Texas was most affected by the GTT (Gone to Texas) movement.

State of Texas

In the 1840s and 1850s, most European immigrants to Texas came from Germany.

State of Texas

In the late 1800s, most Mexican Americans in Texas worked s ranchers and farmers.

U.S.-Mexican War

The battle that began the Mexican-American War took place at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma.

U.S.-Mexican War

General Zachery Taylor was ordered by President Polk to move his troops across the Nueces River to the Rio Grande.

U.S.-Mexican War

The U.S. forces won the Mexican-American War because they were better equipped and led.

U.S.-Mexican War• In the Treaty of

Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexico surrendered territory called the Mexican Cession.

• Mexico surrendered all territory between Texas and the Pacific Ocean.

Civil War

If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to secede from the Union.

Civil War

The position that the federal government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers is know as states’ rights.

Civil War

Members of the 1861 convention in Montgomery, Alabama formed the Confederate States of America.

Civil War

When Governor Houston refused to sign an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, the Secession Convention declared his office vacant.

Civil War

• Hood’s Texas Brigade and Terry’s Texas Rangers were forces that fought for the South in the Civil War

• 60,000 Texans served in the Confederate Army.

Civil War

Union leaders wanted to gain control of Galveston because it had a busy seaport.

Civil War

Despite a Union blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe through Mexico.

Civil War

The Battle of the Sabine Pass was an important victory for the Confederacy because it ended Union plans to launch a campaign against Texas.

Civil War

Conscription is the forced enrollment into military service.

Civil War

The last battle of the Civil War took place in Texas near Palmito Ranch.

Civil War

The North’s victory in the Civil War meant that the Union was preserved.

Ranching Texas

• Cattle drives were begun to find better markets.

• On a trail drive, the wrangler’s job was to take care of the horses.

Ranching Texas

Mexican-American vaqueros were most often found on ranches in South Texas.

Ranching Texas

• Cattle were branded to show ownership.

• Severe blizzards and long droughts in Texas in the 1880s led to a decline in cattle ranching.

Ranching Texas• Some Missouri

farmers reacted to trail driving by blocking the trails.

• Joseph G. McCoy convinced the railroads and cattle drovers to meet further west to avoid Missouri.

Ranching TexasSheep ranching increased after the Civil War because of a growing demand for wool.

Modern Era Texas

Spindletop was the first oil gusher. 100,000 barrels per day escaped before it could be capped.

Modern Era Texas

The governor who, as attorney general, helped Texas pass antitrust laws was James S. Hogg.

Modern Era Texas

The Texas Railroad Commission stopped many unfair practices of railroads.

Modern Era Texas

The 18th Amendment barred the manufacture, sale, and transporting of alcohol.

Principles of Government

Federalism is the principle that means power is shared between the central and state governments.

Principles of Government

Popular sovereignty uses elections to determine many government officials.

Good Luck and have a Great

Summer!