TEXAS SKILL BUILDER - W.S. Bensonwsbenson.com/05-06_pdf_files/texas_skill_builder.pdf · TEXAS SKILL BUILDER TO ACCOMPANY TEXAS ... UNIT I Exploring Texas Chapter 1 History-A Record

TEXAS SKILL BUILDER

TO ACCOMPANY

TEXAS LONE STAR LAND

CRAWFORD KENNAMER REESE

TEXAS SKILL BUILDER by

Ann Fears Crawford, Ph.D.

to accompany

TEXAS LONE STAR LAND

Its History Its Geography Its Government Its People

James V. Reese Dean of the School of Liberal Arts

Professor of History Stephen F. Austin State University

at Nacogdoches

Lorrin Kennamer Professor of Geography

and Education The University of Texas

at Austin

Ann Fears Crawford Instructor of History and Government

Austin Community College at Austin

W.S. Benson and Company Austin, Texas

ISBN: 0-87443-1 65-4

(01993 by W.S. Benson &Company. Inc. All rights resewed. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including recording, photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

W.S. Benson & Company, Inc., P.O. Box 1866, Austin, Texas 78767.

UNIT I Exploring Texas Chapter 1 History-A Record of the Past Name Period Date

A. Do You Know What It Means? Match each term with its definition. Place the letter of each definition in the blank next to the term it matches.

1. history a. reference at the bottom of a page

2. government b. written or printed record

3. document c. list of resources

4. footnote d. record of past events

5. bibliography e. system of controlling citizens in a community

6. myth f. spoken words about a person or event

7. fact g. truth known from experience

8. oral history h. story about a supernatural being or happening

B. Is It True or False? Decide if each of the statements below is True or False. If the statement is True, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F in the blank next to it.

1. Myths and legends were always written down.

2. History is based on facts.

3. Letters and diaries are important secondary sources.

4. Historians make decisions about which sources are correct.

5. A historian always knows what went on firsthand.

6. People from the past and people today are pretty much the same.

7. History is a story of change.

8. History teaches us that change is always for the best.

C. Match It Up! Choose the answer you think best for each question. Place the letter of the answer you choose in the blank next to the question.

1. What makes up an oral tradition? a. written records b. myths and legends c. secondary sources d. footnotes

2. A historian must show that information is a. false b. recorded c. true d. based on opinions

3. People who need and like history often ask a. who b. what c. when d. why

4. Knowing how people acted in the past, helps us solve the problems of a. government b. yesterday c. today d. business and industry

5. A bibliography is a list of a. words b. sources c. footnotes d. historians

6. The historian's job is to a. recreate the past b. change the past c. give opinions about the past d. make claims about the past

7. One important primary source is Travis's letter from a. Gonzales b. San Jacinto c. the Alamo d. Astroworld

8. A historian tries to see an event through the eyes of a. people who wrote about it b. people who were there c. people who came after the event d. other historians

D. Do You Remember? Fill in each of the blanks with the correct answer.

1. One way of answering "Why?" is by studying and

2. Erwin E. Smith is a historian who recorded people and places with his

3. In a court case, the judge and jury listen to and study

4. A historian tries to see an event through the eyes of people who were

5. An oral interview is one example of a source, while a history book from

the library is an example of a source.

E. Writing History Answer each of the following.

1. Why does a historian use primary sources? Secondary sources?

2. What decisions must a historian make?

3. How can a historian describe a missing fact?

UNIT I Exploring Texas Chapter 2 Exploring Geography Name Period Date


1. longitude a. instrument that shows direction

2. geography b. distance east and west of the prime meridian

3. reference point c. drawing that represents a larger, dimensional surface

4. compass d. heavenly body that revolves around the sun

5. planet e. study of the earth, its features, and peoples

6. scale f. way in which one faces or points

7. map g. marks that show distance

8. direction h. gives information on a map

B. Is It True or False? Decide if each of the statements below is True or False. If the statement is True, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F in the blank next to it.

1. When you study geography, you work only with maps and globes.

2. A sextant is the most basic tool of finding direction.

3. We use a grid system to fix reference points on a map.

4. The equator runs north and south around the globe.

5. Most maps contain physical, political, and cultural information.

6. Geology is the study of the earth as it presently exists.

7. Texas has changed little in geologic time.

8. The Cap Rock was formed as a result of erosion.


1. What did early sailors use to measure distance? a. the sun b. the moon c. the stars d. ocean waves

2. What do you use to tell the scale of a map? a. a sextant b. a legend c. a grid system d. a compass rose

3. What causes strains in the earth's surface? a. rivers and mountains b. longitude and latitude c. boundaries and treaties d. volcanos and earthquakes

4. What once covered all of northwest Texas? a. snow b. mantle rock c. an inland sea d. volcanos

5. What causes changes in the earth? a. time and weather b. time and geology c. geology and geography d. weather and mantle rock

6. What provides the setting for human action? a. mountains and valleys b. the natural landscape c. cities and states d. natural resources

7. What is one example of a renewable resource? a. soil b. coal C. minerals d. forests

8. What are active and often harmful agents in an environment? a. people b. animals c. plants d. scientists


1. Ancient people use the , and to find direction.

2. The symbol that shows direction on a map is called a

3. Three kinds of maps are , and

4. Two types of rocks are and

5. Mapmakers use and to determine absolute position.

E. Becoming Aware of Our Environment Answer each of the following.

1. Why is it important for us not to deplete our natural resources?

2. What role does the natural landscape play in our lives?

3. Why is it important to understand geography to understand the environment?



1. plateau a. violent and destructive funnel whirlwind

2. weather b. conditions of atmosphere, wind, moisture, and temperature

3. agriculture c. plant life

4. temperature d. unsettled, undeveloped region

5. resources e. science of cultivating the soil

6. vegetation f. high, flat expanse of tableland

7. tornado g. wealth of a country; available supplies

8. wilderness h. degree of heat or cold

B. Is It True or False? Decide if each of the statements below is True or False. If the statement is True, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F next to it.

1. Texas has a variety of landforms.

2. Texas rivers flow only east to west.

3. Springtime is a time of little change in Texas weather.

4. Texas climate produces a short growing season.

5. Regions, like counties, are created by political laws.

6. The Gulf Coastal Plain is a low, almost level prairie.

7. The Big Thicket National Presetve is located in East Texas.

8. Texas's most rugged lands lie in the Cross Timbers.


1. What do we study when we study geography? a. land and stars b. earth and its features c. earth and the moon d. rivers and their currents

2. What makes up our physical environment? a. natural features b. human-made towns and cities c. political divisions d. regions and subregions

3. Which way do Texas's rivers flow? a. southwest to northeast b. northeast to southeast c. northwest to southwest d. northwest to southeast

4. What produces humid climate? a. lack of rainfall b. lack of sunshine c. abundant rainfall d. freezing winds

5. What determines an area's vegetation? a. climate and rivers b. climate and landforms c. landforms and rivers d. low rainfall and high humidity

6. What is the longest barrier island in the world? a. Galveston Island b. Corpus Christi c. Padre Island d. Sea Island

7. What has been found in the Rolling Plains subregion? a. coal b. iron ore c. Bermuda grass d. oil

8. What causes people to live close to their natural environment? a. little technology b. little rainfall c. lack of knowledge d. rich soil and good climate


1. The kinds of vegetation in an area depend on , and

2. The four broad regions of Texas are

, and

3. The wettest part of the state is ; desert to semidesert climate is found in

4. The Cap Rock, Palo Duro Canyon, and the Canadian River are located in

5. Texas's only natural lake is

E. Geography, Culture, and the Environment Answer each of the following.

1. What effects does geography have on culture?

2. Why should people be concerned for the environment?



1. technology a. collect plants, seeds, or berries for food

2. confederacy b. getting the means of living

3. adobe c. sundried bricks of clay

4. migrate d. people who move from place to place

5. subsistence e. union of tribes

6. pemmican f. use of scientific knowledge to overcome problems

7. nomads g. meat, fat, and berries pressed into cakes

8. gatherers h. to move from one place to another

Is It True or False? Decide if each of the statements below is True or False. If the statement is True, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F next to it.

1. Native Texas tribes all lived the same way.

2. Drawings and artifacts tell us much about prehistoric Texans.

3. The Karankawas were a highly civilized and domesticated tribe.

4. The buffalo culture extended over hundreds of years.

5. The Apaches and Comanches were the most important Texas tribes that roamed the plains.

6. The Tonkawas were known as the "Lords of the Plains."

7. The Caddoes lived in grass huts or lodges.

8. The Alabama-Coushattas live in East Texas today.


1. Where did the first people come to Texas from? a. Europe b. Mexico c. Asia d. Alaska

2. What allowed early people to live in one place for most of the year? a. subsistence b. agriculture c. technology d. pemmican

9

3. How did Karankawas and Coahuiltecans get food? a. by hunting and gathering b. by planting crops c. by following the buffalo d. through scientific farming

4. What helped determine the life of the Comanches and Apaches? a. a long growing season b. a harsh, cold climate c. plentiful plants d. the buffalo

5. What helped the Comanches and Apaches defeat their enemies? a. the buffalo b. the horse C. ceremonies d. sharp knives and long spears

6. What were very much a part of Caddo life? a. hunting and gathering b. following the buffalo c. religion and ceremonies d. horses and buffalo

7. Where did the Tiguas come to Texas from? a. Europe b. Asia c. Mexico d. New Mexico

8. Where can Native Texans keep their traditions and values alive? a. through community centers, churches, and pow wows b. in church, city hall, and public meetings c. through community centers, political action groups, and schools d. in pow wows, sewing circles, and wigwams


1. The basic family unit for Native Texans was made up of a , a

, and

2. The tribe that lived in harmony with their environment were the

3. The most important of the native tribes that roamed the plains were the and

the

4. The name Texas came from the name of one of the tribes.

5. The Caddoes had an society.

E. The Native Texan Heritage Answer each of the following

1. What can we learn about Native Texan life from the Alabama Coushattas today?

2. How does the heritage of the Native Texans live in our state today?

UNIT I I Spanish Texas Chapter 5 Exploring Texas Name Period Date


1. conquistador a. large, flat-bottomed boat

2. missionary b. rules as representative of a king or queen

3. pueblo c. journey of exploration

4. expedition d. person who does religious work

5. explore e. to discover

6. barge f. Spanish conqueror

7. investigate g. to look into carefully

8. viceroy h. Native American village of adobe houses


1. The first Europeans to see the land we call Texas were the French.

2. The conqueror of Mexico was Alonso Pifieda.

3. De Vaca and his men landed on an island they called "Malhado."

4. Friar Marcos and Estevan found the Seven Cities of Cibola.

5. Explorers with Coronado found the Grand Canyon.

6. DeSoto and his group found the Mississippi River.

7. The Spanish king sent Juan de Ohate and his group to settle Texas.

8. Coronado found great treasures in the Southwest.


1. Columbus sailed west from Spain looking for a. North America b. South America c. Asia d. Texas

2. Cortes was successful in conquering the empire of the a. Comanches b. Aztecs c. Zunis d. Incas

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3. De Vaca and his group were rescued by the a. Comanches b. Apaches c. Aztecs d. Karankawas

4. Estevan set out in search of a city called a. San Antonio b. Quivera c. El Paso d. High Plains

5. Coronado and his group failed to appreciate the beauties of a. Palo Duro Canyon and Grand Canyon b. Grand Canyon and Quivera c. San Antonio and the Seven Cities of Cibola d. Palo Duro Canyon and El Paso

6. The person who took over De Soto's expedition was a. Coronado b. Cortes c. Fray Marcos d. Moscoso

7. As a leader, Coronado was both a. courageous and foolhardy b. bold and shiftless c. bold and daring d. shiftless and lazy

8. The Jumanos appealed to the Spaniards to bring them a. riches and spices b. a mission c. food and clothing d. better homes


1. Cortes and his group landed in and captured the capital of

2. While staying with the Karankawas, De Vaca with other natives and helped

the sick.

3. told Coronado and his men of great riches to get them to leave

4. Moscoso and his men traveled through on their way to

5. Early explorations told the Spanish government about Texas's

, and

E. Exploring the New World Answer each of the following.

1. Why are the early explorations of Texas important?

2. What makes Palo Duro Canyon one of Texas's greatest scenic beauties?

UNIT II Spanish Texas Chapter 6 Colonizing Texas Name Period Date

A. Do You Know What It Means? Match each term with its definition. Place the letter of each definition in the blank next to the term it identifies.

1. mission a. division within a country

2. irrigation b. location

3. presidio c. produced by human labor

4. manufacture d. irrigation canal or ditch

5. province e. fort or military post

6. claim f. religious settlement

7. acequia g. to say one has the right to something

8. site h. supplying water by ditches or canals


1. The Portugese challenged Spain for control of Texas.

2. La Salle was interested in the lands around the Brazos River.

3. La Salle named his colony Fort St. Louis.

4. Father Massanet named his mission San Francisco de las Tejas.

5. Spain recognized France's claim to Texas.

6. The Spaniards arrested St. Denis and sent him to Mexico.

7. Captain Domingo Ramon built missions near the French.

8. The first settlement in Texas was named San Antonio de Tejas.


1. The Spaniards occupied Texas by building a. forts, acequias, and dams b. forts, missions, and settlements c. missions, settlements, and churches d. dams, churches, and farms

2. The lands La Salle claimed for France were watered by the a. Brazos River b. San Gabriel River c. Neches River d. Mississippi River

3. A monument to La Salle stands at a. Navasota b. San Antonio c. Fort Saint Louis d. New Orleans

4. Alonso de Leon traveled as far east as the a. Rio Grande River b. San Antonio River c. Neches River d. Brazos River

5. The person who found San Pedro Springs a delightful place for a mission was a. Antoine Crozat b. Antonio Olivares c. Louis St. Denis d. Martin de Alarcon

6. The viceroy ordered Governor Aguayo to a. build more missions b. subdue the Native Texans c. drive the French out of Texas d. keep the Anglos out of Texas

7. The official capital of the province of Texas became a. Los Adaes b. San Antonio de Bexar c. Nachitoches d. Nacogdoches

8. Helping to secure Spanish civilization in Texas were a. missions b. presidios c. forts d. settlers


1. The European countries that wanted to establish colonies in the New World were

, and

2. La Salle wanted to establish a French colony near the mouth of the Mississippi in order to allow

the French to control the and to claim

3. Governor Alarcon built a mission called ; we know it as

the

4. The French drove the Spanish out of East Texas in what is known as the

5. Two missions that have been restored and that reflect Spanish life in Texasare

and

E. Colonizing Texas Answer each of the following.

1. Why was the work of missionaries among the Native Texans important?

2. How did the Spanish government maintain control of Texas?

UNIT II Spanish Texas Chapter 7 A Frontier Province Name Period Date


1. garrison a. determines ownership of property

2. conflict b. management of affairs and resources

3. policy c. plan of action

4. pacify d. not likely to be overturned

5. economy e. military post

6. tragedy f. to make peaceful

7. stable g. fight or struggle

8. grant h. sad or terrible happening

6. Is It True or False? Decide if each of the statements below is True or False. If the statement is True, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F next to it.

1. Many Spaniards wanted to live on the frontier.

2. La Bahia was moved to its present site near Goliad.

3. Captain Falcon helped settle Mier and established a ranch near Rio Grande City

4. The largest and most important Spanish settlement was Los Adaes.

5. The Spanish had a highly organized system of education in frontier Texas.

6. The Apaches were called the "Lords of the Plains."

7. The Marquis de Rubi suggested moving all the Spanish missions to safer places.

8. The East Texans were happy and prosperous at Bucareli.


1. San Antonio's first settlers came from a. Spain b. Nacogdoches c. the Canary Islands d. France

2. Jose de Escandon began colonizing efforts in a. Nueva Espaiia b. Nuevo Santander c. East Texas d. Nacogdoches

3. Bernardo de Galvez is an important hero of the a. Texas Revolution b. Warof 1812 c. Civil War d. American Revolution

4. The most successful of the Spanish missions were located at a. San Saba b. San Antonio c. Goliad d. Bucareli

5. The first school in Texas was established by a. Don Christobal de 10s Santos Coy b. lgnacio de 10s Santos Coy c. Blas Maria de la Garza Falcon d. Bernardo de Galvez

6. The Spaniards wanted to make friends with the a. Comanches and Apaches b. Apaches and Tonkawas c. Tonkawas and Wichitas d. Comanches and Tonkawas

7. The last mission built in Texas was a. San Antonio de Valero b. Nuestra Sefiora del Refugio c. Nuestra Seiiora del Rosario d. San Saba de la Santa Cruz

8. The leader of the East Texas settlers was a. Bernardo de Galvez b. Viceroy Bucareli c. Gil Ybarbo d. Captain Falcon

D. Do You Remember! Fill in each of the blanks with the correct answer.

1. The people who helped Nacogdoches grow were

2. Settlers in San Antonio enjoyed , and

3. The Spanish government decided it was a mistake to build missions among the nomadic tribes

because of and

4. According to the peace treaty the Spaniards signed with the Comanches,

would be established and the tribes would receive

5. Colonel Diego de Parrilla defeated the , but the were sent to fight the Comanches.

E. Settling the Frontier Answer each of the following.

1. What helped to make San Antonio an important town in Texas?

UNIT II Spanish Texas Chapter 8 Texas-Spain's Last Frontier Name Period Date

A. Do You Know What It Means? Match each term with its definition. next to the term it identifies.

1. petition

2. treaty

3. vote

4. equality

5. reinforcements

6. filibuster

7. passport

8. neutral

Place the letter of each definition in the blank

a. contract or agreement

b. additional supplies or soldiers

c. not belonging to one side or another

d. military adventurer

e. lets a person enter a country

f. to give an opinion on an issue or candidate

g. to make a formal request

h. state of being equal or the same


1. New ideas challenged Spain's way of governing its empire.

2. Spain's position in the New World continued to expand.

3. Many people living in Louisiana wanted to remain under French rule.

4. Father Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo's "griton marked the end of the revolution.

5. Manuel Salcedo and Augustus Magee led the "Republican Army of the North."

6. Jean Lafitte claimed he was working for Texas's independence.

7. James Long claimed Texas for Spain.

8. Vicente Guerrero set up an empire in Mexico.


1. Spain's hold on its colonies was challenged by a. The French and Texas revolutions b. The French and American revolutions c. The American Revolution and the Spanish-American War d. The French Revolution and the Civil War

2. In 1800 Napoleon forced Spain to return Louisiana to a. the United States b. Mexico c. France d. the Canary Islands

3. Philip Nolan contracted with the governor of Louisiana to a. bring cattle to Texas b. establish missions c. collect taxes d. get horses

4. A disastrous flood struck the colony at a. Trinidad de Salcedo b. San Marcos de Neve c. San Antonio d. Goliad

5. Jean Lafitte and his men were forgiven their pirate activities because of their bravery during the a. War of 1812 b. Mexican Revolution c. Texas Revolution d. Aury expedition

6. After her husband's death, Jane Long settled in a. New Orleans b. San Antonio c. San Marcos de Neve d. Austin's colony

7. Mexico was declared independent from Spain by the a. Adams-Oiiis treaty b. "grito of Dolores" c. Plan of lguala d. "Republican Army of the North"

8. Texas celebrate Father Hidalgo's "grito" on a. the Fourth of July b. dies y seis de septiembre c. Cinco de Mayo d. March 2nd


1. Outlaws could find a haven in the area known as the

2. The leader of Father Hidalgo's forces in Texas was

3. The leaders of the "Republican Army of the North" were

and

4. Three leaders who helped win Mexico's independence from Spain were

, and

5. Jane Long was known throughout the Lone Star State as the

E. Exploring Spain's Last Frontier Answer each of the following

1. Why was James Long known as Texas's almost successful filibuster?

2. What are the legaciesof Spain inTexastoday?

UNIT II Spanish Texas Chapter 9 Life in Spanish Texas Name Period Date


1 . villa a. Spanish or Mexican cowboy

2. census b. separated from others

3. population c. small settlement

4. mission system d. classification by sex

5. vaquero e. official count of people

6. gender f. fort or garrison

7. isolated g. total number of persons living in an area

8. presidio h. church, houses, shops, farm and ranch lands


1. Pioneer settlers often had to create new ways of living.

2. The mission was meant to last for a long while.

3. Cattle first came to the New World with Columbus.

4. Each town in Spanish Texas had a function.

5. Father Morfi called San Jose the 'Tirst mission in America."

6. Nacogdoches was a ranching and farming center.

7. Each community in Spanish Texas was dependent on the others.

8. Most necessities had to be sent to Texas from Spain.


1. To live on the frontier, pioneer settlers had to be a. comfortable and secure b. foolhardy and adventurous c. sturdy and outgoing d. brave and hardy

2. Spanish soldiers often quarreled with the a. natives b. French C. missionaries d. other soldiers

3. At the mission, many natives became skilled a. soldiers b. craftspersons c. dancers d. warriors

4. Father Morfi described San Jose as a. admirably proportioned and strongly built b. lacking in ornaments and decoration c. overcrowded and well preserved d. ugly and crude

5. The Texas villages that grew into towns were a. San Antonio, San Marcos, and San Saba b. Nacogdoches, Atascosa, and Victoria c. San Antonio, Nacogdoches, and La Bahia d. Laredo, El Paso, and Ysleta

6. To make their daily life worthwhile, people on the frontier used much a. time and money b. time and energy c. energy and skill d. money and pleasure

7. In 1803 Governor Elguezabal noted that La Bahia lacked a. troops and farmers b. corn and wheat c. a system of farming d. an irrigation system

8. The Spaniards took a census of their frontier province a. every two years b. every five years c. once a month d. every year


1. TheSpanish outpost on the frontierwas made up of a and a

2. A sculptor at San Jose was ; he sculpted the

3. Two celebrations that took place at the missions were and

4. According to the visitor to Mission Concepcion, the work of the women and children was to

5. According to census figures for 1783, in the presidio of San Antonio and the village of San

Fernando there were men; women; boys; girls.

E. Living in Spanish Texas Answer each of the following.

1. According to the visitor to Mission Concepcion, what work did the natives perform?

2. How could Mission San Jose be described as the "Queen of Missions"?

UNIT Ill Texas-Revolution and Republic Chapter 10 Mexican Texas Name Period Date


1. republic a. citizen army

2. monarchy b. government by a person who rules an empire

3. constitution c. document showing legal right to property

4. empresario d. basic rules and laws of a nation

5. sitio e. Spanish official with many duties

6. alcalde f. colonizing agent who brought settlers to Texas

7. militia g. square league or 4,428 acres

8. title h. citizens elect representatives to manage a government


1. The Mexican Constitution of 1824 was based on the Constitution of the United States.

2. Moses Austin brought the first Anglo settlers to Texas.

3. Martin de Leon was the first empresario to settle a colony.

4. The Lively landed by mistake at the mouth of the Brazos River.

5. The National Colonization Law of 1824 provided that citizens from the United States would get first chance to claim land.

6. The Tonkawas were a great threat to settlers in Austin's colony.

7. Benjamin Edwards declared that East Texas was the independent Republic of Fredonia.

8. As a citizen of Mexico, Martin de Leon did not have to follow as many laws as other empresarios.


1. The Constitution of 1824 set up the government of Mexico as a a. monarchy b. democracy b. republic d. anarchy

2. Moses Austin had to start over because of a. the Constitution of 1824 b. the Panic of 181 9 c. the Plan of lguala d. the "Old Three Hundred"

3. Moses Austin got help securing a colonization grant from a. Erasmo Seguin b. Santa Anna b. Martin de Leon d. the Baron de Bastrop

4. To get his colony started, Stephen F. Austin bought a. money, ships, and tools b. seeds, supplies, and tools c. guns, ammunitions, and houses d. ships, artillery, and machinery

5. When Austin went to Mexico, he disguised himself as a a. beggar b. carpenter c. soldier d. sailor

6. The Mexican government said that Anglo-Americans settling in Texas had to be a. Catholic, soldiers, and missionaries b. Protestants, farmers, and of good character c. Catholics, stay for three years to be citizens, and of good character d. Baptists, stay for five years to be citizens, and farm the land

7. When forty families arrived in a colony, the colonists could establish a a. republic b. monarchy c. state d. ayuntamiento

8. By 1830 Texas had the three new towns of a. San Antonio, La Bahia, and Nacogdoches b. San Felipe, Gonzales, and Nacogdoches c. Victoria, Houston, and Dallas d. San Antonio, Houston, and Dallas


1. The area Stephen F. Austin selected for his colony was the lower

2. Empresarios who brought two hundred families to Texas would get and

3. The heart of Austin's colony became ; the colonists elected and

4. Hard feelings developed between the empresarios and

5. To claim Texas from the wilderness took the work of the , the , and the

E. Colonizing Texas Answer the following question.

Why would settlerswant to come tofrontierTexas?

UNIT Ill Texas-Revolution and Republic Chapter 11 The Road to Revolution Name Period Date


1. federalism a. representative to a convention

2. league b. central government shares powers with the states

3. martial law c. rule by the army

4. dictator d. grants a citizen permission to travel abroad

5. legislature e. 4,428 acres of land

6. passport f. meeting of representatives

7. survey g. to look over

8. delegate h. exercises absolute authority


1. In 1830 the Mexican government made new laws to help Americans settle in Texas.

2. Mier y Teran reported that Americans were preparing to take over Texas.

3. The empresario system was not successful in settling Texas.

4. The Mexican government wanted to encourage Texans to trade with the United States.

5. Colonists agreed to support Santa Anna if he followed the Constitution of 1824.

6. At the Convention of 1832, Stephen F. Austin represented the group calling for strong action against Mexico.

7. Santa Anna told Stephen F. Austin that Texas would be a separate state.

8. Few women joined their husbands as community builders in Texas.


1. Mier y Teran suggested that what was needed in East Texas was a. fewer settlers b. a military force c. fewer soldiers d. an armed uprising

2. Empresario contracts were cancelled under the a. Constitution of 1824 b. Consultation of 1832 c. Plan of April 6, 1830 d. Plan of Vera Cruz

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3. The lrish colonists settled in a. Austin's colony b. East Texas c. West Texas d. South Texas

4. George Fisher announced that all ships coming to Texas would have to report to a. Stephen F. Austin b. a customs house c. a militia d. the border patrol

5. While in Mexico, Austin wrote a letter proposing that a. Mexico should separate from Spain b. Texas should belong to Spain c. Texas should separate from Mexico d. Mexico should separate Texas and New Mexico

6. Three families helped build the communities of a. Beaumont, San Antonio, and Comfort b. Beaumont, Houston, and Dallas c. Austin, San Antonio, and Houston d. Houston, Comfort, and Galveston

7. Colonists were alarmed when Santa Anna interfered with the a. centralist government b. local government c. state government d. county government

8. The official who declared martial law in Texas was a. Stephen F. Austin b. William Barret Travis c. Francis W. Johnson d. John Davis Blackburn

D. Do You Remember? 1. The empresarios who brought Irish colonists to Texas were and

2. Three families who were community builders in Texas were the , the , and the

3. Mexican officials thought that collecting import taxes would stop and encourage Texans to

4. Colonists claimed a victory at the , but the Mexican government thought it was a

5. The two most important resolutions passed at the Convention of 1832 stated that Mexico should repeal and divide

E. Heading Toward Revolution Answer the following questions.

1. What led empresariosto bring new colonists toTexas?

2. What role did women play in building communities in Texas?

UNIT Ill Texas-Revolution and Republic Chapter 12 The Texas Revolution Name Period Date


1. cabinet a. to fall back

2. deguello b. advisors chosen by the head of government

3. resolution c. long attack

4. ad interim d. person wounded or killed in battle

5. siege e. bugle call that announces no prisoners will be taken

6. delegate f. person chosen to represent a group

7. retreat g. temporary

8. casualty h. formal expression of opinion


1. By 1835 the Texas colonists thought their rights were in danger.

2. The war party opposed joining the United States.

3. The flag at Gonzales said, "Don't Tread on Me."

4. Jim Bowie asked, "Who Will Go to San Antonio?"

5. Sam Houston believed the Texans should support the Constitution of 1824.

6. Houston ordered Bowie to march to Washington-on-the-Brazos.

7. William B. Travis fought Santa Anna's soldiers from his sickbed.

8. Santa Anna was wounded in the leg at the Battle of San Jacinto.


1. The scout who brought Santa Anna back to the Texans camp was a. Jose Menchaca b. William B. Travis c. Erastus "Deaf" Smith d. Gregorio Esparza

2. The ad interim vice president of the Republic of Texas was a. Sam Houston b. Lorenzo de Zavala c. Jose Antonio Navarro d. Jim Bowie

3. To keep Mexican soldiers from getting fresh supplies, Sam Houston burned a. Gonzales b. Harrisburg c. San Antonio d. Goliad

4. To deal with the Cherokees, Sam Houston sent a. William B. Travis b. Francisco Ruiz c. Davy Crockett d. William Goyens

5. One of the most decisive battles in history was the a. Grass Fight b. Fall of the Alamo c. Battle of San Jacinto d. Runaway Scrape

6. The Texans who led the defense of the Alamo were a. Sam Houston and Juan Seguin b. Jim Bowie and William B. Travis c. William B. Travis and James Bonham d. Davy Crockett and Sam Houston

7. Two native Texans who signed the Texas Declaration of lndependence were a. Juan Seguin and Gregorio Esparza b. Jose Antonio Navarro and Jose Francisco Ruiz c. Jose Antonio Navarro and Erasmo Seguin d. Lorenzo de Zavala and Gregorio Esparza

8. Davy Crockett marched to the Alamo with the a. New Orleans Greys b. Mobile Grays c. Twin Sisters d. Tennessee Long Rifles


1. Some of the Texas colonists divided into the party and the Party.

2. The first commander of the Texan forces was , while

was the second.

3. One of the problems faced by the Consultation was should Texas remain

4. After the Battle of San Jacinto, it was time for the Texans to build

and keep their

5. Santa Anna spared Susanna Dickenson's life and told her to take

E. Fighting for lndependence Answer the following question.

1. Why were the rallying cries, "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" important to the soldiers who fought at the Battle of San Jacinto?

UNIT Ill Texas-Revolution and Republic Chapter 13 The Republic of Texas Begins Name Period Date


1. ranger a. having the power to put laws into effect

2. executive b. having the power to make laws

3. ratify c. farthermost part of a settled country

4. frontier d. person who seeks office

5. legislative e. to make valid

6. annexation f. one of a body of armed men who protect a region

7. candidate g. having to do with courts and administering justice

8. judicial h. joining a larger or more important body

B. Is It True or False? Decide if each of the statements below is True or False. If the statement is true, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F next to it.

1. After the Texas Revolution, Texas was a separate political nation.

2. Santa Anna refused to recognize Texas as an independent nation.

3. The Texas Constitution set out the laws by which the Republic of Texas would be governed.

4. Mirabeau B. Lamar served as the first president of the Republic of Texas.

5. President Houston vetoed a bill giving lands to the native tribes.

6. Getting Texas annexed to the United States was an easy task.

7. When President Houston took office, Texas was free of debt.

8. The Texas Constitution of 1836 provided that the president could serve only one two-year term.

C. Match It Up! Choose the answer you think best for each question.Place the letter of the answer you choose in

the blank next to the question.

1. When Santa Anna was defeated at San Jacinto, he signed the a. Plan of lguala b. Treaty of San Jacinto c. Treaty of Velasco d. Treaty of the Alamo

2. The Texas Army chose as their commander a. Mirabeau B. Lamar b. Felix Huston c. Albert Sidney Johnston d. Sam Houston

27

3. Soldiers who fought in the Texas Revolution received a. land script b. provisional certificates c. headrights d. bounty grants

4. Having a navy made the Republic of Texas look a. powerful b. aggressive c. unyielding d. statesmanlike

5. In recognizing Texas, President Andrew Jackson had to consider a. England b. France c. Mexico d. the United States

6. Texans could borrow no money because of the a. Panic of 1837 b. Panic of 1819 c. Treaty of Velasco d. Runaway Scrape

7. President Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to England and France to work for a. annexation b. diplomatic relations c. peaceful coexistence d. recognition

8. Sam Houston gained the name ''The Raven" from a. Andrew Jackson b. the soldiers at San Jacinto c. the Cherokees d. Margaret Lea


1. The Texas Congress was divided into two houses, the and the

2. The Texas Constitution established three branches of government. They were the , the , and the

3. When the Republic of Texas was formed, the people had to the

Constitution and express their views on

4. The original Texas Rangers controlled and warned the settlers of

5. Many Texans wanted Texas to be to the United States.

E. Establishing the Republic Answer each of the following.

1. What did Sam Houston accomplish as president of the Republic of Texas?

2. Why did people in the United States work against Texas becoming part of the nation?

UNIT Ill Texas-Revolution and Republic Chapter 14 "This Great Drama" Name Period Date


1. site a. money paid for work done

2. trading post b. ability of a government to borrow money

3. public credit c. bills used for financial exchange

4. archives d. public records

5. salary e. location; place

6, architect f. planner and designer

7. solution g. frontier outpost for the exchange of goods

8. paper money h. answers a problem


1. President Lamar followed many of the same policies as President Houston.

2. La Grange was chosen as the first capital of Texas.

3. Lamar wanted Texas to remain free and independent.

4. Mexico agreed to recognize Texas's independence for a payment of $5,000.

5. The Santa Fe expedition proved to be a successful venture.

6. Sam Houston won a second term as president of the Republic of Texas.

7. Santa Anna ruled that one out of every ten Texans on the Mier expedition would be shot.

8. President Lamar was called the "architect of annexation."


1. The "Father of Texas Education" was a. Sam Houston b. Anson Jones c. Mirabeau 6. Lamar d. James K. Polk

2. Texas became part of the United States through a. treaty b. joint resolution c. constitutional amendment d. election

3. President Houston wanted to move the state archives to a. Austin b. La Grange c. Santa Fe d. Houston

4. The main issue that kept Texas from being joining the United States was a. diplomatic relations b. public debt c. slavery d. relations with Mexico

5. In 1845 Texans approved a. annexation and a new Constitution b. annexation and funding of a new capitol c. moving the archives and a new Constitution d. abolishing slavery and plans for the Mier expedition

6. In order to promote trade and add new lands to Texas, President Lamar supported the a. Mier expedition b. Santa Fe expedition c. Council House Fight d. Archives War

7. A meeting between Texans and the Comanches resulted in the a. Mier expedition b. Santa Fe expedition c. Council House Fight d. Archives War

8. The fourth and last president of the Republic of Texas was a. Mirabeau B. Lamar b. Stephen F. Austin c. Sam Houston d. Anson Jones


1. As president of the Republic of Texas, Lamar stressed

2. President Lamar told Congress that natives had no right to own ; they could

live on it only so long as Anglos

3. The one company allowed to trade with Native Texans was the

4. The Convention of 1845 wrote a new to govern the of Texas.

5. During his second administration, President Houston of government, tried

to stoptrouble with the a n d worked to makeTexas part of the

E. Joining the United States Answer the following question.

1. How did President Houston and Congress try to save the economy of the Republic of Texas?

UNIT Ill Texas-Revolution and Republic Chapter 15 Building the State of Texas Name Period Date


1. reservation a. discussion of both sides of an issue

2. states rights b. to strongly disapprove of something

3. compromise c. the view that state laws should prevail over federal laws

4. school district d. to journey by water

5. debate e. institutions of learning provided by the state

6. prosperous f. to settle a disagreement by both sides giving up something

7. condemn g. land set aside by the government for use by Native Texans

8. navigate h. to be successful


1. As the population of the state grew, the area of settlement moved westward.

2. Mexico said that the boundary of Texas was the Colorado River.

3. The leader of a group of Texas Rangers who fought in the Mexican War was Jack Hays.

4. The western boundary of Texas was set by the Compromise of 1850.

5. Few church groups could afford to begin private schools in Texas.

6. Travel by stagecoach was both easy and comfortable.

7. Settlers demanded that only the Comanches leave Texas.

8. Sam Houston lost the governor's race in1 857.


1. The Constitution of 1845 a. was never ratified b. was poorly written c. was well written d. failed to serve the needs of the new state

2. The Mexican War was fought to settle the matter of a. slavery b. a boundary c. who ruled Mexico d. diplomatic relations

3. The governor who called for a system of public education was a. Elisha M. Pease b. Sam Houston c. Hardin Runnels d. Robert S. Neighbors

4. The Methodists founded a. Baylor University b. Austin College c. Ursuline academies d. Rutersville College

5. The best solution to solving problems of transportation were a. steamboats b. barges c. railroads d. stagecoaches

6. In 1859 the Native Texans on reservations were moved to a. New Mexico b. Oklahoma c. Mexico d. West Texas

7. Land for the county seat of Lavaca County was donated by a. Sam Houston b. Dilue Rose Harris c. Margaret Hallett d. Elisha M. Pease

8. The pioneer woman who brought the first piano to Texas was a. Sarah Owen Burleson b. Margaret Hallett c. Rosa von Roeder Kleberg d. Rosanna Dyer Osterman


1 . The money from the Compromise of 1850 was used to build a new , a

mansion, a , and a home for

2. To provide for schools, counties were divided into , and

ran the districts.

3. Western forts ran from in the north to in the south.

4. Many Texans disagreed over the issue of , and some feared the

Act would open new lands to slavery.

5. A struggle developed between Texans who supported and those

known as

E. Building a State Answer the following questions.

1. In Texas politics, how did people become more important than issues?

2. How were pioneer women important to the state of Texas?

UNIT IV Texas-Lone Star State Chapter 16 Life in Early Texas Name Period Date


1. community a. place of worship for a Jewish community

2. epidemic b. beliefs people get from their ancestors

3. synagogue c. groups of similar cultures living in the same area

4. prejudice d. person who is highly trained

5. pockets of settlement e. strong feelings against another person

6. lifestyle f. group of people who live in the same area

7. heritage g. way of life

8. professional h. rapid spread of a disease


1. Men and women from few ethnic groups came to Texas from 1820 to 1860.

2. Manufacturing was a way of life in frontier Texas.

3. Immigrant guides helped bring people of many cultures to Texas.

4. Few immigrants to Texas settled in South Texas.

5. German immigrants established a colony called La Reunion.

6. Many rural Tejanos owned a small amount of land.

7. The government placed limits on the rights of free African Americans.

8. Women on the frontier were seldom lonely.


1. The visitor to Texas who wrote The Brazos Boat Glee was a. Rosa Kleberg b. Sallie Haltom c. Mary Austin Holley d. Adah lssacs Menken

2. Irish immigrants to Texas settled in a. East Texas b. South Texas c. North Texas d. West Texas

3. Free African Americans in Texas worked a. as craftspeople, laborers, and domestic workers b. as farmers and ranchers c. as doctors and lawyers d. in government offices

4. Many women on the Texas frontier a. led lives of great luxury b. ran farms, businesses, and ranches c. abandoned their former lifestyles d. returned to their former homes

5. The immigrant to Texas who was called the "Great Land Locator" was a. Sam Houston b. Adolphus Sterne c. Jose Cassiano d. Jacob de Cardova

6. Rural Tejanos tended to remain a. poor and uneducated b. tied to Mexico c. near big cities d. outside the law

7. Most German Texans lived in a triangle formed by a. Quihi, Vandenburg, and D'Hanis b. Indianola, Port Lavaca, and Corpus Christi c. New Braunfels, Comfort, and Fredericksburg d. Dallas, Fort Worth, and Houston

8. The many cultures and ethic groups made life in Texas a. difficult b. different c. the same d. prosperous


1. Women wrote , and of their lives in frontier Texas.

2. became the most important cash crop in Texas.

3. Immigrants came to Texas over and by

4. Some free African Americans left Texas because of

5. Mexican Texans in government were often displaced by and

E. Building a State Answer the following questions,

1. Why were immigrants to Texas from 1820 to 1860 looking for?

2. How did African American slaves preserve their culture?

UNIT IV Texas-Lone Star State Chapter 17 Texas in the Civil War Name Period Date


1. emancipation a. the act of being elected again

2. blockade b. using military means to prevent people or goods from moving in or out of an area 3. convention

c. person who offers himself or herself for service 4. volunteer

d. withdraw formally 5. draft

e. official announcement 6. secede

f. to supply troops for an army 7. reelection

g. meeting for a specific purpose 8. proclamation

h. to release from slavery


1. Southerners believed in the rights of the federal government.

2. Sam Houston believed that Texas should secede from the Union.

3. The first fighting of the Civil War broke out at Fort Sumter.

4. General John Bell Hood led a group of Texas infantry to fight in Virginia.

5. Lt. Dick Dowling and his Davis guards won the Battle of Sabine Pass.

6. Texans failed to supply food and supplies to the Confederacy.

7. Texas cotton was in great demand during the Civil War.

8. During the war years, women in Texas often plowed the fields and harvested cotton.


1. In 1860 the Republican party's candidate for president of the United States was a. Stephen A. Douglas b. Abraham Lincoln c. John Bell Hood d. Sam Houston

2. Many Texans believed the United States should a. abolish slavery b. permit slavery c. defend slavery d. extend slavery

35

3. U. S. General David E. Twiggs surrendered San Antonio to a. Ben McCulloch b. John Bell Hood c. Albert Sidney Johnson d. Dick Dowling

4. The young Confederate recruit who sketched army life on the Trans-Pecos frontier was a. W. A. Fletcher b. John Bell Hood c. Morgan Wolfe Merrick d. John S. Ford

5. The Battle of Sabine Pass halted General Banks's move up the a. Mississippi River b. Sabine River c. Neches River d. San Antonio River

6. After the Confederacy surrendered, John S. Ford and his troops fought the a. Battle of Poison Springs b. Battle of Sabine Pass c. Battle of Pleasant Hill d. Battle of Palmito Ranch

7. The governor who guided Texas during the Civil War years was a. Sam Houston b. Francis R. Lubbock c. Ben McCulloch d. Robert E. Lee

-8. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves a. where the Union was in control b. where the Confederacy had won battles c. in all the Southern states d. only in Texas


1. Northerners believed in the final authority of the ; Southerners

believed in the rights of

2. The convention voted that Texas should from the Union and join the

3. fought gallantly to help the Confederacy hold the Mississippi River.

4. General Sibley fought to drive Union forces from and

, but was defeated at the Battle of

5. The showed that old ways were passing.

E. Fighting the Civil War Answer the following question.

1. How did Texans on the home front help in the war effort?

Chapter 18 UNIT IV Texas-Lone Star State

Reconstructing Texas Name Period Date


1. black codes a. more than half of the people or votes

2. poll b. process by which Southern states were brought back into the Union after the Civil War

3. majority c. a division in a government department

4. equality d. labor laws that required African Americans to

5. wages sign contracts

6. reconstruction e. all persons or issues treated the same

7. unbending f. rigid or firm

8. bureau g. place where voters cast their votes

B. Is It True or False? h. payment for work performed

Decide if each of the statements below is True or False. If the statement is True, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F next to it.

1. After the Civil War, Governor Murrah and other state officials fled to Mexico.

2. The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provided for the end of slavery.

3. President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was a harsh one.

4. African Americans could not vote in the Constitutional Convention of 1868.

5. The Constitution of 1869 set up a poorly organized state government.

6. Texas Rangers went to the frontier to control both Comanches and outlaws.

7. Governor Davis vetoed the bill providing for a strong public school system.

8. Governor Davis was unpopular with many Texans.


1. The army officer who set up Union control in Texas was a. Gordon Granger b. E.J. Davis c. Francis R. Lubbock d. Philip H. Sheridan

2. An outstanding leader in Texas who came to set up schools for free African Americans was a. Matt Gaines b. Philip Sheridan c. G. T. Ruby d. Richard Allen

3. An African American who sewed as Houston city alderman and a state legislator was a. G. T. Ruby b. Richard Allen c. Matt Gaines d. Benjamin F. Williams

4. The first Republican governor of Texas was a. Pendleton Murrah b. Andrew Jackson Hamilton c. E. J. Davis d. Matt Gaines

5. When the Democrats gained power, they did away with the a. public school system b. Thirteenth Amendment c. Fourteenth Amendment d. state police

6. African Americans were given the right to be citizens of the United States under the a. Thirteenth Amendment b. Fourteenth Amendment c. black codes d. Freedmen's Bureau

7. The "Old Guard" Southern Democrats came back into power with the election of a. Richard Coke b. Gordon Granger c. E. M. Pease d. E.J. Davis

8. Vigilante groups were determined that African Americans a. would vote b. would serve in the legislature c. would not sewe in the legislature d. would not vote


1. President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction provided that voters would take an oath of

2. Texas was accepted back into the United States by President

3. "Labor laws" set up to control African Americans were called

4. Providing food and shelter for needy African Americans was the work of the

5. To protect settlers on the frontier was the work of the

E. Reconstructing Texas Answer the following questions.

1. What rights were granted to African Americans under the Thirteenth and Fourteenth

Amendments.

2. What standards were set up for Texas schools under Governor E.J. Davis?

UNIT IV Texas-Lone Star State Chapter 19 A Changing Texas Name Period Date


1. civil rights a. cattle thief

2. barter b. very small amount available

3. sharecropper c. basic freedoms given to Americans under the First Amendment to the Constitution

4. economic d. killing in a brutal manner

5. slaughter e. one who lives outside the law

6. scarce f. relating to the production and distribution of goods

7. renegade g. person who farms someone else's land

8. rustler h. trading of goods and services for payment


1. When the Civil War ended, Texans had little money,

2. Railroads and banks helped the Texas economy grow.

3. After the Civil War, Texans returned to life as it was before the war.

4. African Americans were the only Texans who lived by sharecropping.

5. Prairie View College was the first state college for African Texans.

6. Few renegades and rustlers added to lawlessness after the Civil War.

7. In 1875 Quanah Parker led the last of the natives to the reservation,

8. Despite the buffalo hunters, the buffalo continued to thrive in the Panhandle.


1. The sharecropping system encouraged farmers to grow a. corn b. wheat c. vegetables d. cotton

2. The leader of the Farmers' Improvement Society of Texas was a. Leander McNelly b. M. M. Rogers c. Robert L. Smith d. Quanah Parker

3. A renegade who later practiced law was a. Sam Bass b. John Wesley Hardin c. Ben Thompson d. John B. Jones

4. A treaty to establish reservations for the native tribes was signed at a. Adobe Walls b. Fort Bliss c. Medicine Lodge Creek d. Langtry

5. The last of the great Comanche chiefs was a. Quanah Parker b. Satana c. Big Tree d. Peta Nocono

6. The West Texas town originally known as Hide Town was a. Sweetwater b. Snyder c. Fort Worth d. Dallas

7. To protect settlers on the West Texas frontier, the army set up a number of a. settlements b. reservations c. general stores d. forts

8. Many pioneers in West Texas took part in a. the cattle industry b. the oil industry c. the movement to the reservation d. buffalo hunting


1. After the Civil War, Texans found new opening and new

being built.

2. The was a political organization that encouraged African Americans

to run for office.

3. was a renegade known as The Bandit Queen.

4. Major John B. Jones commanded the to help with law enforcement.

5. The two native chiefs who led the raid on Salt Creek were and

E. Settling the Frontier Answer the following questions.

1. What led to the development of the sharecropping system?

~~~p

2. How was lawlessness on the frontier ended?

UNIT IV Texas Cotton-Texas Cattle Chapter 20 A New Political Era Name Period Date


1. commission

2. income tax

3. segregate

4. reform

5. amend

6. era

7. salary

8. regulate


a. money paid for a job done

b. change for the better

c. tax based on earnings

d. set rules and boundaries for business

e. period of time

f. to separate

g. group formed to carry out a task

h. change in a document

B. Is It True or False? Decide if each of the statements is True or False. If the statement is True, place a T in the blank next to it. If it is False, place a F next to it.

1. Texans wanted a weak government, and they did not want to spend money.

2. The Constitution of 1876 was the basic document of government for only a short time.

3. The Constitution of 1876 was a statement of broad ideas of how government should run.

4. Immigrants from Ireland helped set the granite for the new state capitol.

5. Manufacturers of farm machines paid higher rates to the railroads than farmers.

6. Republicans and members of the Farmers' Alliance opposed the traditional Democrats.

7. James Stephen Hogg called for the regulation of railroads.

8. By the 1880s the Texas economy was developing.


1. The Constitution of 1876 worked fine a. in the twentieth century b. in the nineteenth century c. in the seventeenth century d. during the Civil War

2. The member of Congress Governor Hogg asked-to head the Railroad Commission was a. Lawrence S. Ross b. Norris Wright Cuney c. John H. Reagan d. Richard Coke

3. The governor who cut spending and sold the state's public lands was a. Oran M. Roberts b. John H. Reagan c. James S. Hogg d. John Ireland

4. The political leader who led the Republican party in Texas during this era was a. James Stephen Hogg b. Norris Wright Cuney c. John Ireland d. John H. Reagan

5. In order to promote the laying of tracks, railroads were given a. money b. stations c. grants d. town sites

6. The political group that called for the state to print more paper money was the a. Democratic party b. Republican party c. Grange d. Greenback party

7. Texans saw better times in the 1880s because of a. government policies b. a booming economy c. an oil boom d. consewative governors

8. In 1879 a bill was passed that allowed local school districts to a. tax b. choose teachers c. hire principals d. fire superintendents


1. The Constitution of 1876 was written for a society and a time of

2. The Constitution of 1876 took power from the and gave it to the

3. was a state college that began in 1876, while

opened its doors in 1883.

4. The greatest success of the public land policy was the

5. In 1886 became a major political issue.

E. Reforming Texas Answer the following question.

1. What changes brought better times to Texas during the 1880s?

UNIT IV Texas-Lone Star State Chapter 21 A Changing Texas Name Period Date


1. barbed wire a. to run away in a panic

2. stampede b. strands of steel having sharp projections all along it

3. artesian well c. best cowboy on the ranch

4. corral d. rope used to catch animals

5. chuck wagon e. well from which water gushes without a pump

6. tophand f. pen for cattle

7. brand g. mark burned on cattle to identify them

8. lariat h. carries food to the cow crowd


1. Life on the cattle trail is portrayed accurately in movies and on television.

2. The Spanish explorers and missionaries first brought cattle to Texas.

3. Cattle ranching began in West Texas.

4. Ranchers on western ranches wanted Texas cattle.

5. African Americans were not allowed to go "up the trail."

6. Texas women were often partners with their husbands on Texas ranches.

7. The open-range way of working cattle was used on Mexican ranches in South Texas.

8. The Texas cowboy developed the ways of working cattle.


1. A rancher who raised cattle in Stephen F. Austin's colony was a. Nat Love b. Charles Goodnight b. Joseph F. Glidden d. Abner Kuykendall

2. Before 1860, most of the profits from the cattle industry came from a. hides and horns b. hides and tallow c. horns and hooves d. hides and hooves

3. One cattle trail from South Texas to Abilene, Kansas was named for a. "80 John" Wallace b. "Bet-a-Million" Gates c. Jesse Chisholm d. Lizzie Johnson Williams

4. Ranchers discovered that "Texas fever" was caused by a. ticks b. grass c. artesian wells d. cattle flies

5. The most famous African American cowboy was a. Al Jones b. George Glidden c. Nat Love d. Mathew "Bones" Hooks

6. A Texan who pioneered ranching in Palo Duro Canyon was a. "Shanghai" Pierce b. Charles Goodnight c. Henry "Paint" Campbell d. Richard King

7. The two ranchers who developed the great King Ranch were a. Charles Goodnight and Richard King b. Thomas O'Connor and Mifflin Kenedy c. Richard King and Thomas Bugbee d. Richard King and Mifflin Kenedy

8. The Texas Ranger who ranched in San Antonio and Kerrville was a. Svante M. Swenson b. Jot Gunter c. Thomas O'Connor d. Charles Schreiner

D. Do You Remember Fill in each of the blanks with the correct answer.

1. The was a breed developed by the King Ranch.

2. Five things a successful rancher had to have were

, and

3. The trail that went from Young County, Texas to New Mexico and Colorado was the

4. The ways of working cattle were first used by the Mexican

5. To develop their pasture ranches, cattle ranchers had to their land.

E. Going Up the Trail Answer the following questions.

1. Why was Texas the ideal place for the cattle kingdom to develop?

2. What did the cowboy gain from the Mexican vaquero?

UNIT V Texas-Texas Cotton-Texas Cattle Chapter 22 King Cotton Name Period Date


1. cotton gin a. outdoor religious meeting

2. strike b. group of workers organized for better wages and working conditions

3. tenant farmer c. to refuse to work until demands are met

4. camp meeting d. production of crops for sale

5. crop lien e. agricultural worker who pays rent on land

6. commercial agriculture f. oil spouting from an uncapped well

7. gusher g. use of crops as a guarantee for a loan

8. labor union h. separates cotton seed from fibers


1. By 1875 the greatest change in Texas was in agriculture.

2. Improved transportation helped both agriculture and industry.

3. The major crop that Texans grew was wheat.

4. The great period of railroad building came during the Civil War.

5. Cotton had a long growing season and was hard on the soil.

6. The life of the farm community centered on the cotton crop.

7. While agriculture grew, the timber industry declined.

8. The first labor union to spread to Texas was the Knights of Labor.


1. In 1875 most Texas farmers were a. selling cotton around the state b. producing crops for markets worldwide c. self-sufficient d. losing money

2. One of the products Texans used for many purposes was a. wool b. leather c. tin d. steel

3. Railroads allowed farmers to ship their products to market and to obtain a. other farm products b. corn and cotton c. tea and coffee d. manufactured goods

4. The needs of farm families were supplied by a. steamship companies b. railroads c. general stores d. fairs and festivals

5. New methods of farming were developed by a. researchers b. sharecroppers c. tenant farmers d. owners

6. By 1900 major manufacturing centers were a. Houston and San Antonio b. Houston and Dallas c. Dallas and Fort Worth d. El Paso and Abilene

7. On the Coastal Plains, farmers planted a. sugar cane b. wheat and oats c. barley d. rice

8. To solve problems, Texas's industrial workers a. organized b. struck c. went on relief d. walked off the job


1. Farm animals provided , and

3. By the turn of the century, Texas was crisscrossed with

4. News of new developments in agriculture was spread by

, and

5. The was made up of many skilled craft unions.

E. King Cotton Reigns Answer the following questions.

1. How did the cotton crop determine life in the farm community?

2. How were ways of living different for industrial workers in Texas?

UNIT V Texas-Texas Cotton-Texas Cattle Chapter 23 Reform in Texas Name Period Date


1. antitrust a. to designate a person to run for political office

2. monopoly b. act of controlling for good order

3. nominate c. the general welfare of the people

4. corporation d. sole control of a commodity or sewice

5. public good e. rivalry

6. competition f. opposed to monopolies

7. political group g. seeks to elect candidates to governmental office

8. regulation h. company owned by a group of individuals


1. The discovery of oil made Texas a wealthy state.

2. The political leader who did the most to bring change and reform to Texas was Charles A. Culberson.

3. The People's Party was called the Farmers' Alliance.

4. In 1896 many Populists supported the Democratic ticket.

5. The Native Americans first discovered oil in Texas.

6. Investors refused to put money into Texas oil fields.

7. The moderate reformers wanted to move Texas back to an agricultural economy.

8. Much of Texas's income from oil was used to improve public schools.


1. The first Texas governor to be born in the state was a. Charles Culberson b. James S. Hogg c. S.W.T. Lanham d. Anthony F. Lucas

2. In 1889 Texans supported a constitutional amendment that provided for a a. Populist party b. commission on agriculture C. railroad commission d. commission on oil and gas

3. The Farmers' Alliance called for a. railroad and trust regulation b. a commission on agriculture c. better pay for industrial workers d. regulation of the oil industry

4. The Populists felt that Governor Hogg was a. doing too much b. promoting reform c. aiding developing industry d. doing too little

5. The greatest change in the Texas economy came with the a. end of the cattle kingdom b. end of the reign of King Cotton c. beginning of the oil industry d. rise of the Populists

6. The great Spindletop well blew in at a. Corsicana b. Beaumont c. Petrolia d. Sour Lake

7. The moderate reformers a. welcomed new industries b. discouraged new industries c. discouraged reform d. wanted to return to an agricultural economy

8. The men who helped bring in the great Spindletop field were a. Patillo Higgins and James S. Hogg b. Anthony Lucas and Charles Culberson c. James S. Hogg and Anthony Lucas d. Anthony Lucas and Patillo Higgins


1. By the late 1890s, Texas government needed reorganizing to meet the problems of

and

2. Governor Hogg wanted to reform and the system of

3. In 1892 the two Democratic candidates for governor were

and

4. Governor Hogg stressed improvements in , and the system of taxation

5. The oil boom created a new source of funds for and governments.

E. Building the Texas Economy Answer the following questions.

1. What basic needs did the moderate reformers work for?

2. What new problems did the oil industry bring?

UNIT VI Twentieth-Century Texas Chapter 24 From Progressivism to World War I Name Period Date


1. prohibition a. not drinking alcoholic beverages

2. suffrage b. tax paid in order to vote

3. commission c. right to vote

4. progressive d. determines a political party's candidates

5. poll tax e. work for honest and businesslike government

6. controversy f. national movement to make alcohol illegal

7. primary election g. group of persons who carry out a governmental function

8. temperance h. dispute or debate


1. The Terrell Election Laws changed the ways candidates were chosen.

2. In a runoff election, the two top candidates run against each other.

3. African Americans had an active voice in the Democratic party.

4. Progressives worked for reforms in agriculture.

5. Galveston developed the commission form of government.

6. Prohibition was a movement that gained strength only in Texas.

7. In 1912 Texans supported Joseph Weldon Bailey for president.

8. Governor James E. Ferguson supported tenant farmers and rural schools.

C. Match It Up! Choose the answer you think best for each question. Place the letter of the answer you choose in theblank next to the question.

1. In 1893 Texas women formed the a. Prohibition party b. Farmers' Alliance c. Texas Equal Suffrage League d. Progressive party

2. Progressives believed government should be a. equal and independent b. honest and businesslike c. open and aggressive d. open only to special interests

3. Texas towns and cities were given the right to regulate their a. parks b. government c. industries d. utilities

4. Governor Thomas Campbell failed to get the legislature to pass a a. tax reform bill b. state income tax c. school finance bill d. bill to regulate insurance

5. The greatest improvements during the Progressive era came in a. schools and prisons b. prisons and insurance c. taxes and insurance d. schools and playgrounds

6. Two controversial Texas politicians were a. James S. Hogg and Thomas Campbell b. Jane McCallum and Oscar B. Colquitt c. Joseph Weldon Bailey and Jim Ferguson d. Minnie Fisher Cunningham and Woodrow Wilson

7. Two Texans who sewed in President Wilson's administration were a. Minnie Fisher Cunningham and Jessie Daniel Ames b. Jim Ferguson and Thomas Campbell c. Jane McCallum and Joseph Weldon Bailey d. Albert Sidney Burleson and Thomas Watt Gregory

8. The Petticoat Lobby worked for the right of a. women to vote b. women to serve on juries c. the state to establish an income tax d. tenant farmers to strike


1. One of President Wilson's strongest supporters was Texan

2. The Eighteenth Amendment abolished

3. Many , and poor could not afford to pay the poll tax.

4. In 1897 the Company was found guilty of violating Texas antitrust laws.

5. One Texas suffragist who ran for the United States Senate was

E. Working for Progressive Reforms. Answer the following question.

1. How did Progressives work to reform government in Texas?

UNIT VI Twentieth-Century Texas Chapter 25 Texas-From Depression to New Deal Name Period Date


1. segregation a. by command

2. sales tax b. forgive

3. pardon c. state of being separated

4. landslide d. good economic times

5. mandatory e. to select for military service

6. draft f. great majority of votes

7. championship g. tax on sales of goods

8. prosperity h. winning first place


1. The use of airpower came into its own during World War I.

2. Texas suffered bad economic times during World War I.

3. The 1920s proved a difficult time for organized labor.

4. The new Ku Klux Klan was organized in Texas and spread throughout the South.

5. Jim and Miriam Ferguson supported the Ku Klux Klan.

6. Miriam Ferguson became Texas's first woman governor.

7. In 1928 Texans supported the Democratic candidate for president.

8. Hispanics in Texas worked to gain an active voice in politics.


1. The two most important military posts in Texas during World War I were a. Fort Sam Houston and Camp Travis b. Camp Travis and Camp Bowie c. Fort Bliss and Camp Bowie d. Fort Sam Houston and Fort Bliss

2. The first woman to serve in statewide office in Texas was a. Miriam Ferguson b. Jane McCallum c. Annie Webb Blanton d. "Babe" Didrickson

51

3. Governor Miriam Ferguson asked the legislature for a law outlawing a. the sale of alcoholic beverages b. masks in public c. pardons for prisoners d. sunbonnets on the campaign trail

4. In 1928 the Democratic National Convention was held in a. Dallas b. San Antonio c. Austin d. Houston

5. During the 1920s Texans looked for heroes and heroines in the a. sports field b. political arena c. armed services d. New Deal

6. In 1930 oil was discovered in a. West Texas b. East Texas c. North Texas d. South Texas

7. The first Texan to serve as vice president of the United States was a. Sam Rayburn b. Franklin Delano Roosevelt c. John Nance Garner d. Tris Speaker

8. One of the New Deal agencies that helped Texas farmers was the a. AAA b. NYA c. WPA d. PWA


1. During the 1920s school attendance became , while

textbooks became

2. The first woman in Texas to win a statewide political race

3. LULAC worked to educate Hispanics in and and to end

4. The goals of President Roosevelt's New Deal were , and

5. The Texas economy recovered from the Depression during

E. Winning the Race Answer the following questions.

1. What issues helped Texans elect their first woman governor?

2. What did Governor Moody accomplish in office?



1. veteran a. to make unclean or dirty

2. agribusiness b. improper treatment or misuse

3. boycott c. the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products

4. public life d. service to and on behalf of the people

5. recession e. industry that develops the latest technological products

6. abuse f. person who has completed militaty service

7. "high-tech industty g, economic slowdown

8. pollute h. to refuse to buy or use a product or service


1. Governor James V. Allred gained his reputation as a "trust buster."

2. The Texas Centennial helped preserve the state's heritage and make Texans aware of their past.

3. Congressmen from Texas refused to support the New Deal.

4. "Pappy" O'Daniel campaigned across Texas in a helicopter.

5. During World War II, Texas women refused to join the WACS.

6. Cotton remains Texas's most important agricultural crop.

7. Texas ranks first among the states in the value of mineral production.

8. Pollution and strip mining have ceased to be concerns during the twentieth century,


1. The progressive governor of Texas during the Texas Centennial was a. "Pappy" O'Daniel b. James V. Allred c. Sam Rayburn d. Coke Stevenson

2. The commander of the Women's Army Corps during World War II was a. Marguerite Leroux b. Barbara Jordan c. Dr. Hector Garcia d. Oveta Culp Hobby

3. Chester W. Nimitz awarded the Navy Cross to naval hero a. Doris Miller b. Audie Murphy c. Mike Cokinos d. Benjamin Franklin Ogata

4. The American GI Forum worked to achieve equality of opportunity for a. heroes of World War I b. Congressional Medal of Honor Winners c. all veterans d. Texans who served in World War II

5. Irrigation created the state's chief area of cotton and grain production a. in East Texas b. in the Lower Rio Grande Valley c. around Dallas and Fort Worth d. on the High Plains

6. One of the largest fruit and vegetable producing areas of the world is a. in West Texas b. on the High Plains c. in the Lower Rio Grande Valley d. north of Houston

7. A professor of government who won a seat in the United States Senate was a. Barbara Jordan b. John Tower c. Sam Rayburn d. Chester W. Nimitz

8. A clean-burning fuel that may prove the fuel of the future is a. natural gas b. oil c. lignite d. coal


1. After World War II, many Texans could afford an education under the

2. Technological advances in agriculture brought better and

3. By the 1930s Texas farm families had electricity through rural

4. One mineral that has made a comeback in the Texas economy is

5. "High-tech" industries depend on strong and institutions.

E. Celebrating the Centennial Answer the following questions.

1. How did Texans celebrate their state's centennial?

2. Why should Texans be concerned for their endangered environment?



1. civil rights a. social programs of President Lyndon Johnson

2. Great Society b. strip of submerged lands along the coast

3. public opinion polls c. to be overcrowded

4. congestion d. group of buildings devoted to manufacturing or business

5. tidelands e. inside the coastline

6. heavy industry f. samples of people's opinions

7. industrial complex g. production of large machines

8. intercoastal h. legal rights of persons


1. The Texas Regulars fought for votes for African Americans.

2. Governor Coke Stevenson went to the U.S. Senate in 1948.

3. The Taft-Hartley Act gave states the right to do away with the closed or union shop.

4. The first Texan to serve as president of the United States was Lyndon B. Johnson.

5. Governor John B. Connally's administration brought years of growth to Texas.

6. During Governor William B. Clements's administration, power passed to the state

legislature.

7. Tourism is the most important industry in the Houston-Galveston area.

8. "High tech industries are increasing in Texas.


1. The governor who set the moderate to conservative position for governors who followed him was a. Beauford Jester b. Homer P. Rainey c. Price Daniel d. John B. Connally

2. The Texan who sewed as Democratic party whip in the 1950s was a. Sam Rayburn b. Price Daniel c. Allan Shivers d. Lyndon B. Johnson

3. An important issue in the election of 1952 was control of the Texas a. revenue b. tidelands c. coastline d. economy

4. The Hispanic who became a Congressman from Texas in 1961 was a. Reynaldo G. Garza b. Joe J. Bernal c. Henry B. Gonzalez d. Eligio de la Garza

5. Texas's second woman governor is a. Miriam Ferguson b. Ann Richards c. Oveta Culp Hobby d. Barbara Jordan

6. The center of the aircraft industry in Texas lies in the area around a. San Antonio b. Houston-Galveston c. Beaumont-Port Arthur d. Dallas-Fort Worth

7. Plants for manufacturing clothing are located in a. El Paso b. San Antonio c. Houston d. Tyler

8. The greatest growth in jobs for Texans has been in a. agriculture b. foreign trade c. sewice industries d. manufacturing


1. The organization that helped African Texans gain the right to vote in the Democratic primary

was the

2. Governor John B. Connally's priority for his administration was

3. Laws passed in the 1960s and 1970s led , and

to run for the state legislature.

4. Three problems that faced the governor and the legislature in the 1990s were

, and

5. will probably promote trade across the Texas-Mexico border.

E. Solving Texas Problems Answer the following question.

1. What do young Texans expect from the Texas cities where they live?

UNIT VI Twentieth-Century Texas Chapter 28 Texas Culture-Texas Sports Name Period Date A. Do You Know What It Means?

Match each term with its definition. Place the letter of each definition in the blank next to the term it identifies.

1. rookie a. based on popular culture

2. curator b. responsible for the care of a museum or art collection

3. mural c. Hispanic music played on accordian and guitar

4. ragtime d. musical rhythm using different accents

5. amateur e. watches an event

6. conjunto f. does not perform for profit

7. pop art g. painting on a wall or ceiling

8. spectator h. first-year player


1. People who came to Texas created an entirely different culture from their former homes.

2. Few Texas novels have been made into motion pictures.

3. Many Texas poets use the state as the subject of their poems.

4. Many Texans have painted the state's wildflowers and wildlife.

5. Corridos are sung on both sides of the Texas-Mexico border.

6. Few Texans take part in amateur athletics.

7. The Dallas Cowboys are a popular team in the American Football League.

8. Basketball continues to be popular sport with high-school Texans.


1. Two recorders of Texas folktales and folksongs are a. Katherine Anne Porter and William Chittenden b. J. Mason Brewer and Americo Paredes c. Oscar Fox and Van Cliburn d. Willie 6. Wells and Ben Crenshaw

2. Two modern-day Texas novelists are a. Mary Austin Holley and 0. Henry b. Melissa Miller and Porfirio Salinas c. Shelby Hearon and Larry McMurtry d. Buddy Holly and Margo Jones

57

3. Two musical forms that began with African Americans are a. conjunto and corrido b. jazz and ragtime c. country and western d. big band and rock 'n' roll

4. Two theatrical Texans are a. Richard Petri and Herman Lungwitz b. Emma Lee Moss and Ruby Yount c. Waylon Jennings and Marcia Ball d. Margo Jones and Tommy Tune

5. Two sculptors of Texas heroes are a. Elisabet Ney and Pompeo Coppini b. Alvin Nickel and John Biggers c. Porfiro Salinas and Theodore Gentilz d. Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings

6. Two Texas golf stars are a. Earl Campbell and Tom Landry b. Willie Shoemaker and Jody Conradt c. "Babe" Zaharias and Lee Trevitio d. Rip Torn and Johnny Rodriguez

7. The first major league pitcher to strike out 5,000 batters was Texan a. Ernie Banks b. Baldemar Huerta c. Kyle Rote, Jr. d. Nolan Ryan

8. Two Texas artists who paint scenes of their native Southwest are a. Luis Jimenez and Amado Peiia b. Carlos Ashley and Robert Rauschenberg c. Tanya Tucker and Vikki Carr d. Flaco Jimenez and George Strait


1. 0. Henry was a Texas writer whose stories often have a

2. During the 1930s Texas painters decorated buildings with

3. gave Texas its first music.

4. Modern country music is led by Texans and

5. One sport that is growing in popularity with students is

E. Exploring Texas Culture and Sports. Answer the following questions.

1. How have Texans created a rich heritage of theatre in the state?

2. What does Earl Campbell mean when he says, "Life is not a one-way street,"?

UNIT VII Exploring Texas State and Local Government Chapter 29 Governing Texas Name Period Date


1. bicameral

2. veto

3. federal system

4. republican form of government

5. Bill of Rights

6. restrict

7. administration


a. persons with common goals who work together

b. keep within limits

c. people choose representatives to make laws

d. having two legislative chambers

e. authority of government is both national and regional

f. conduct of business

g. established freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly

8. interest group h. rejecting bills passed by the legislature


1. It is not necessary to know candidates or to understand issues in order to cast an informed vote.

2. Both the U.S. Constitution and the Texas Constitution contain a Bill of Rights.

3. The Texas Constitution establishes three branches of government.

4. Under the Constitution of 1876 power passed from the legislature to the governor.

5. The Speaker of the House is the only state official who can call the legislature into special session.

6. The secretary of state is appointed by the governor.

7. A bill may begin in the Texas House of Representatives or in the Senate.

8. Most Texas judges are elected.


1. Texans are governed today under the a. Constitution of 1869 b. Constitution of 1866 c. Constitution of 1845 d. Constitution of 1876

2. Much of the work of state government is done by a. the governor b. boards and commissions c. the legislature d. lobbyists

3. The Texas legislature meets a. every year b. when the governor calls a session c. every two years d. every five years

4. When there are two versions of a bill, differences are worked out a. by the Speaker and Lt. Governor b. in a conference committee c. by the committee on calendars d. by interest groups

5. Many critics feel that the system of Texas courts needs to be a. reformed b. abolished c. restricted d. administered

6. One of the legislative powers of the governor is the power to a. remove state officials b. balance the budget c. deliver messages to the citizens d. veto bills

7. Article I of the Texas Constitution a. sets out the powers of the governor b. establishes the Senate and House of Representatives c. establishes a Bill of Rights d. sets up the state court system

8. One person who tries to influence legislation is a. a judge b. a lobbyist c. the governor d. a juror


1. The three branches of Texas state government are the , the

, and the

2. Many critics would like to see a Texas Constitution that sets out

3. To be a member of the Texas Senate, a candidate must be years old, must

have lived in the district for years and the state for years.

4. Texas courts try both and cases.

5. Mothers Against Drunk Driving and the Texas Automobile Dealers Association are examples of

E. Governing the State Answer the following question.

1. How do citizens have input into the legislative system?

UNIT VII Exploring Texas State and Local Government Chapter 30 Participating in Local Government Name Period Date


1. media a. professional administrator who runs the city

2. city council b. elected by the people to run the city

3. general election c. planned course to elect a candidate to office

4. political campaign d. growth of production and consumption of cloods and - services

5. voter registration e. newspapers, radio, television, magazines

6. urban renewal f. replacing buildings and creating attractive living and

7. city manager industrial areas

8. economic g. voters add their names to official list of those eligible to vote development h. candidates chosen by each party run against each other


1. The job of administering state laws is given to the county.

2. The commissioners court is made up of five judges.

3. Property taxes are the main source of funds for providing services in the county.

4. Councils of government are another form of local government.

5. Under the strong mayor-council form of government, the city council fires city employees.

6. More and more cities are adopting the commission form of government.

7. Every major Texas city has been governed by a woman.

8. Voters must register to vote in an election at least thirty days before the election is held.


1. The official who supervises elections and keeps land records is the a. county attorney b. county judge c. county clerk d. city major

2. Education beyond the high school is provided by a. the county commissioners court b. the city council c. a school district d. a community college district

61

3. One woman mayor who served five terms was a. Kathy Whitmire b. Annette Strauss c. Lila Cockrell d. Carol Rylander

4. One interest group that works to protect the environment is a. COPS b. the Sierra Club c. Mothers Against Drunk Drivers d. La Raza Unida

5. Delegates are selected to attend the county convention at the a. state convention b. precinct convention c. presidential convention d. commissioners court

6. When voters choose one primary to vote in, the primary is a. open b. revolving c. closed d. illegal

7. The most important person in politics and elections is the a. voter b. candidate c. campaign manager d. pollster

8. To become a member of a political party, a citizen must a. attend a county convention b. register to vote c. sign a petition d. vote in a party primary


1. Services and facilities available in a city determine its

2. Taxes to support school districts may come from , and

sources.

3. The two forms of municipalities or cities are cities and

cities.

4. The three forms of city government are , and

5. is both a right and a privilege that all Texans enjoy.

E. Participating in Government Answer the following questions.

1. How can a citizen participate in government?

2. What basic services do most cities provide?

ISBN: 0-87443-1 65-4

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