Document ofTh. WnrlrB Rnk

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Report No: 24350

IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT(MA-23970)

ONA

TXT 1'TT'I A ?,Sfj%TTkTr 1'-% SDR%D 324 A XirT T TCnTLU'4 IlL, jrlt vIwUJI.J WE '.11 3J. U. I Ut ly"ILL, iil

(US$49.6 MILLION EQUIVALENT)

TO THE

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

FOR A

FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

JUNE 25, 2002

Rlnrnl Develnnment ecrtnr UTnitSouth Asia Region

T. s documen".t has a r-estricted distAri.bution and ay be used by reci.piepnts o.nluy in the performance of their| official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(Exchange Rate Effective January 2002)

urency Unit = Barngade Taka

Bangladesh Taka 57.04 = US$ 1.00T0.G A0175 = Bang Ta. a A0

FISCAL YEAR

July I June 30

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ACF Assistant Conservator of ForestADB Asian Development BankBFRI Bangladesh Forest Research InstituteCA Conservation AreaCF Conservator of ForestCFI Continuous Forest InventoryDCA Development Credit AgreementDFO Divisional Forest OfficerEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentFAO Food and Agricultural OrganizationFD Forest DepartmentFEw Food For WorkFMP Forest Management PlanFRMP Forest Resources Management ProjectGEF Global Environmental FacilityGIS Geographicai information SystemGOB Government of Bangladesh

IDA international Duvelopment AssociatuonIFESCU Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong UniversityIrlvIr in[egraed FrisviManage-meni rlan

MOEF Ministry of Environment and ForestMTR M id-Termu ReviewNGO Non-government Organizationroiv ar r1ug1au.1iLzU, uuurgun, IlUULUEg auu eValUdUUU auyu cPBMS Project Budget and Monitoring SystemPrr rPa iu s%Lo rVivbL o re evelopmentPP Project Proforma

SAR Staff Appraisal ReportVT rrJ vvuu wiu Iu % lU iG Lvau

'Vice President: Mieko NisinimizuCountry Director: Frederick Thomas Temple

Sector Director: Constance A. BernardTask Team Leader/Task Manager: T.M. Tajul Islam

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

BANGLADESHForest Resources Management

CONTENTS

Page No.

2. Principal Performance Ratings3. Assessment of Development Ojective and LDesign, and of Quality at Entry 34. Achievement of Objective and Outputs 45. Major Factors Affecting Implementation and Outcome 76. Sustainability 87. Bank and Borrower Performance 98. Lessons Learned 119. Partner Comments I I10. Additional Information 12Annex 1. Key Performance Indicators/Log Frame Matrix 13A -.-- I P.-,ect Cro-t .nd Fi-6-n nI 15

Annex 3. Economic Costs and Benefits 18Annex 4. Baink inputs i9Annex.5. Ratings for Achievement of Objectives/Outputs of Components 21Annex 6. Ratings of Bank and Borrower Performance 22Annex 7. List of Supporting Documents 23Annex 8. Borrower's Contribution to ICR 24

MAP: IBRD NO. 23513 - Forest Resources Management Project

IThs Adocument haCs a restrictedl disetrib tinn and mav hp ueprd by rhivpiPnt4in onlv in

the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not be otherwise discllosedwithout World Bank authorization.

fl,... Fr'. n AA7 Forest r..... e-F(UJ~S IL. rU7.I u ir-rujuc ivumnu. X%1V,L ~VUULV51V1W i ,1V4II LI

Team Leader: T. M. Taul Islam |TL Unit. SASRD

11CR Type: Core ICR Report Date: June 25, 2002

1. Project DataAf..,. *m: Frs Rsources lanagem;.er.t If'l'rLu .. e.: A 'vUA2mn11WI4fl. A VMOI IUUI., VI IV1i ~I4IL "d'. AJ l"I'V4IUcF. 1A.'J'L-J7 I U

Country/Department: BANGLADESH Region: South Asia Regional

Sector/subsector: AT - Forestry; VM - Natural Resources Management

KEY DATES

PCD: 10/28/1991 Effective: 10/06/1992 10/06/1992.Appraisal: 11/11/1 991 MT 06/30!1997 06./0!/1999

Approval: 06/23/1992 Closing: 12/31/2000 12/31/2001

Borrower/lImplementing Agency: GOVERNMENT OF BANGLADESH (GOB)/FOREST DEPARTMENT (FD);CyOvRRNM.NT OF RAWM.AfRlF'W (C40R RANWTAURRP-T FnRpOP TRESEARCH INSTITUTE (BFRI); GOVERNMENT OF BANGLADESH(GOB)/AND INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCES (IFESCU)

Other Partners:

STAFF Current At AppraisalVice President: Mieko Nishimizu Joseph WoodCountry Manager: Frederick Thomas Temple Christopher WilloughbySector Manager: Constance A. Bernard Tae-Hee YoonTeam Leader at ICR: T.M. Taiul Islam Walter SchwermerICR Primary Author: Paul Ryan and Banry Deren

(FAO/CP Consultants)

2. Principal Performance Ratings

(HS=Highly Satisfactory, S=Satisfactory, U=Unsatisfactory, HL=Highly Likely, L=Likely, UN=Unlikely, HUN.=HighlyTnliklt, UT I=Hiahly U natisc&tory, H=iigh, qT T=RiihQtnntiA1 ?M=Mnd.pat N=.N.PgiHh1P'A

Outcome: S

Sustainability: L

Institutional Developmen- tLpactM

BankPerformance: S

Borrower Performance: S

QAG (if available) ICROuality at Entry: S

Project at Risk at Any Time: YesQAG evaluation was not done for the proiect.

3. Assessment of Development Objective and Design, and of Quality at Entry

3.1 Original Objective:

T.e project 's p objectves v to (a)etabld o,,A n a forest r.inmagement systr-

that is fully responsive to the economic, environmental and social goals of the country; (b) improve theJJIUUCU.VL V 1V. ata o f gove LL ...UetU iL vIUV.It fLos Er.e, aa 11u1 _1 oaasul.b, [e. tULUI4 5y a Wv%odI d

energy needs; and (c) protect the country's environment. The objectives were appropriate and consistent._ A'sLDIA _A _L A _. A _ I __A_.AAAA _..1-_ A -_ ._ A T, :., PA -- A)I_ T]l A_nlvWIUIl1 IU, %J%.U 0 VVtaU VVJVLLVV ilL IVIUiLI.y SL.LVI, do VUUUUILU us 1F1 VUUUI 1 iIV- I vaI rlol ki I 71-

FY95) to optimize sustainable production from the existing forest lands, expand the forest cover andu1Wrove U'e LI- -uveIdu Ul-vUUU1UL4 LeUUUIUU n itio Uof LUUUAIUY uuugil UbeL.L reUsLou,- 1lu1agJ l"VIR,

investment in coastal plantations and rehabilitation of degraded forest areas, and through promotingpeople's pWTUUCfpaUiUI i0n -UIh I1RUIdgt;mCeL 4ndU ULIIZ4UUII of -us 1ULfrsL eso-uLrcs. TLhe objectives were alsu

consistent with the Bank's Country Assistance Strategy and Forest Policy, especially with regards topoverty alleviation, expansion of forest resources and environmental conservation.

The ohiective war not revi:ed=

3.3 Original Components:

The project has the following components:

(a) Forest Resources Management. This component would help ensure that the allocation andintensity of forest uses would be regulated in accordance with appropriate forest management plans(FMPs). It would establish additional planning capacity within the Forest Department (FD); carry outnew forest resource inventories; improve data collection and processing systems; prepare new FMPs, andrevise and update existing FMPs, as required; develop and implement pilot activities to involve localcommunities in forest development and protection; and undertake silvicultural treatment of forest stands;

(b) Forest Resources Expansion. This component would fund some 60,000 ha of new mangrove andconventional forest plantations through rehabilitating degraded forest areas, regenerating harvested stands,and consolidating newly accreted land along the Bay of Bengal. In addition, tending programs for youngvlantations established under the Second Forestry Proiect would be continued;

(c) Nature Conservation. Management nlans would be orenared for all national narks and wildlifesanctuaries where adequate natural values exist. The component would meet the investment requirementsfor the three Sundarbans sanctuaries and provide US$500X000 to hen meet investment needs in theremaining protected areas. The plans for these areas would be used for soliciting additional funding fromintpmntinnil dnnnr nuenniet; nnd

(d) -!WJ4LflLu'.;o I S .. -t' 0 wo-- bV .t- 5 -f --- .. i's field org XIon e.deAdAUU

in line with the needs of FD's key functions and the needs of the project. Also, a new EnvironmentalMaag..en '.l,':n wou'd IA set - p - -U.Ln n E' --.. A co..poer. wou' fuhersu;-o. -uc fI.YLaiaLg5aUnen. VY g U wow= L^U a% OL Uj) WItUUI1I L.~. ZI 111..1.AJ1Ip.1L WVJUJU11.4 UI1.4LL OUIiUVL 1 -UtLaUV..Iu VI

professional foresters at the Institute of Forestry & Environmental Sciences, Chittagong UniversitykLrLS0TuT), and4U UaUiUitg Uof LLUL.iUlW 0101 aL 1-IJs uai iUr f4a1cliie. a1r.Igpduehos rV sesL cX10VGLI.11 LiLs.V

(BFRI) would receive assistance for continuing and expanding the mangrove research started under theSecoiid FUUresy rujVJL, sUr IVL 1MviLi-1.1g ib r,-groUve siv1L,Iu LUV1t1u11 ii r%.iUUUi'.

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The project design adequately addressed the objectives and recognized many of the designshortcorings and implementation lessons learned from the iDA-funded Second Forestry Project andincorporated interventions and covenants to address them. However, in the Forest Resource Expansioncomponent, althougn it consiaerea that secona ana tra tminnmgs unaer tne project woula oe'self-financed', the design did not ensure that a secure funding mechanism was in place for these operationsto maintain and manage the plantations effectively after the project closes. Tne design also did not includeany substantial interventions for improving yields through tree improvement and more adaptablesilvicultural operations. Components could have been better structured'to ensure proper linkage betweenexisting plantation silviculture and the establishment of new plantations recognizing that forest resourceexpansion is not merely a matter of planting and maintaining trees, but doing this within a plannedmanagement context. The design adequately considered the Bank's operational directives on safeguardpolicies; specifically with regard to the environment, indigenous peoples and involuntary resettlement.

3. 4 R1evised CopnMJumenis:

Essentially, the components remaine-Ad unaltered, nlthnoug6h the scale of activties did cha.nge as fieldcircumstances altered, and in response to the ongoing implementation experience. The project designspecified two deta-iled implementation re;vews. At the fi-st rev-ie in 1996, the folow-i-g r""" weremade: (i) mangrove plantation target was reduced from 32,900 ha to 26,000 ha because of a reduction insiltaton and nonravailability of adequat.e newly..aceted land; (;i) t..he ;u.A,. s-i, p *. get wasincreased from 27,000 ha to 33,000 ha to re-plant the area severely damaged by the 1994 cyclone; (iii) the,sn.4,a,,,at,..y., for_s,,t develo.-t..e.t . (DVTh') sites,, we:.Am,e -d. f-A r.,- thr+e t, +wt .agt* a.e of 40 h

involving 225 participating families, because of delays in implementing the program stemming from lack ofow..ership 1.FD; .n- Aiv) a -- Au.ut,u p1ogrnUl, bud..u1l, iuuiuiu auu evaluatioii

(PBMES) for forestry operations was developed and piloted.

Following the second review in June 1999, further revisions to components were made: (i) themangrove plant'wu ion wrget 01 33,000 [ha1 was rVe-esLblisheu, uccause uo a iarge area oI siit accretionfollowing the 1998 floods; (ii) the industrial plantation target was increased to 38,000 ha to bringaddiiuonau degraded forest land under tree cover, (iii) pilot PFD sites were increased to rune, covering 85uha and with 675 participants responding to the increasing success of PFD activities and increasedcommunity interest and FD commitment; (iv) preparation of an inventory of Chittagong Hill Tracts forestswas initiated following 1997 Peace Accord which, inter alia, allowed resumption of FD activities in thearea; and (v) the PBvMuS was expanded to cover all forest, enviromnent and management plan divisions inChittagong Forest Circle.

3.5 Quality at Entry:

Quality at entry is rated as satisfactory. The project objectives were consistent with GOBsegic pro-- tie in theiF.o r -i ve=Ye n ar 1D- ..we!! as .. , +_ -'s C+, A - -_ Ti+nS-

and Forest Policy. The project also formed part of the Bank's sectoral support strategy for the country.The design assessed the capacity of te implementing agency and recognized tUhe sh--tcomings and lessonsfrom the previous forestry project. It adequately assessed the risks associated with the project, particularlyulOt Iilai ito uwijLuit,uaj shortcorltiJL. tS.eJIU ldlSI UULLrU5l

technical assistance, interventions and covenants to ensure that a functional, well-equipped FD withadequam LI uLUVers oI well-UaLedU sUU WoUIU L'd Vbe aULih1eUU capaeUI VI Iua iag.ii IUorst for production,

bearing in mind social and environmental considerations as well as overseeing the conservation andmnanageimrilt L 01p[uLecLeu areas. nowcvcr, iuirc UIUUlLIVC anu sLruugcr UCLIUlis, anu pusbiuiy a covunant,

- 3 -

should have been included to ensure adequate and timely funding for silvicultural operations during andafter the project as well as to initiate changes in the operational management of plantations to ensure amore commercial and objective-based approach to plantation development and management

4. Achievement of Objective and Outputs

4. I flhcomfn/ahh,o,,,ant ofuo,.ti,,o

Achievement of objectives and outDuts under the project was satisfactory. The basis for animproved forest management system has been established, with the preparation of updated inventory andmapping of the country's forest resources; preparation of integrated forest management plans for eachForestry Division; -expansion and updating of the Resource Information Management System (RIMS);establishment of social and environrnental divisions within FD; integration of forest fringe commnunitiesinto participatory forest development; reorganization of the Institute of Forestry as the Institute of Forestryand Envirnmental Scienres, Chittagong Universitv (aFESCI N; and strengthening mangrove researchsystem in BFRI. Wood production potential has been increased, with 71,000 ha of trees establishedthrolugh mangove afforestatiani indlstrina pslntation ideveonpment and tht PFnnmragnm Althmiw'h v,e.ldqare expected to be below appraisal expectations.

To protect the enviromnent detailed natural resources and biological surveys were completed in allnmta.-taA amaa - iiuivmpntl ,.cpe nf nraptjp fnr foest Apvelnnment and manatrPmPnt .wp, nreppAand conservation managenent plans for the three conservation areas in the Sundarbans, which were thefovusOf n16. ern

4-.-re Arepaed a d n.-A fnrrn trA bai fo a T`1BflFlQfl BioA{.s-ay r'n^n" ation

Project. Improved management and protection in the Sundarbans has helped ensure fauna and floracon-rvaUn and the 1ano ve plant n esbled .ue te p.ec have assisd w+th land a.cetonand fishery habitat conservation.

The project has a positive social and economic impact on landless and disadvantaged forest fringed-wellers throughi the PFv. The pr-ovision of forest lad for agrculural and hortic-ulura crops,supplemented with initial payments for forest development and management has greatly improved food andincome security for this group. F-utUre income should be 1inceased -when tue wood prod-ucts are Harv-ested,the first coming from thinnings after about six years. Mangrove plantings also provide coastal dwellerswith increased protection againsi cyclone induced tidal surges.

'.s 2 /l45JR45 uySt C;unpUIrIsJ.s

A. Forest 1Resouires .Management This co_mponnent is rated satisfactorv. The forest inventonr wAScarried out in 1996 and a series of integrated forest management plans (EFMPs) were prepared over thenext four ye-rs cvering eighlt inland anoastal nfres^-vtinn Advisins. The, TKAPc w,hip cover rnoyAu

plantation operations, have a good stocking data basis supported by yield prediction regressions and are,adequtat fo:g^n. nano .,nnro planning. Thea n,-nma,4 ,as ela inc,..inmonftl inrf. attoe estlimn,nt of an

additional Management Planning Division in Khulna to complement the Dhaka-based division, withPaluL.tLUaL LIVD Uu.LIP, ULL - L ui tj f; a ec LL areas. I Ue I.VIJY Waas wIul `wld %-J%L&Je aJuvL.ca

Infonnation System (GIS) and both spatial and forest resource data from the inventory fed into the systemfri- use in due riFPVPrs. I UL Jr-. sUU%MIUUjJUULUL ltla US bL ve,-jy OUL4cVeiU, excee-VAL gLLLr t U1is i4L Ua.LL uy

re-establishing plantations over 850 ha of degraded forest areas, and involving 675 participants. Thesepoor anU landless peupie iave beUCniieu WiUI uiprouveu uve' uuu, iuncludiug uase pr-UVislon V1 luau iur

agricultural and horticultural crops, agricultural inputs, water supplies and the potential for future earningsfrom harvested wood products. A production suarig and management agreement has been developed mconsultation with the participants. Achievements in this activity should serve as a model, with some

-4 -

adaptation, for future participatory forestry programs.

However, although specified in the management plans, IFNMP resource data is not being regularlyupdated despite this being an essential element in plantation management. Moreover, the environmentaland social data that has been collected, have not yet been used to update the RIMS. A further shortcomingof this component is that the silvicultural operations are not being carried out in accordance withmanagement plans. The first thinning of 5,000 ha of plantations established under the previous project wasfunded by FRMP and completed. However, only 17% of targeted second thinnings and 11% of thirdthinnings were completed. These latter thinnings should be self-financing, and were expected to have beenfunded by GOB, but only minimal budget was provided to the FD, inadequate for the scale of operationsneeded. Silvicultural treatment of previously established mangrove plantations was achieved, but only 35%of the targeted climber cutting in mangroves was done, due to financing and environmental constraints.

B. Forest Resource Expansion. This component is rated satisfactory, as planting targets for bothmangroves and industrial plantations were exceeded. An area of 33,570 ha of mangroves was establishedunder the project in the coastal areas, against an SAR target of 32,900 ha. The plantations appear to besatisfactory with survival of 70 to 90% from an initial dense planting of some 7,000 seedling per ha. Thiscontinual expansion of the mangrove forests along the Bangladesh coast will serve multiple purposes,including wood resources and new land for agriculture and grazing in a country where these resources arescarce. They also provide enhanced fish breeding habitats as well as protection of life and property againstcyclonic winds and storm surges. About 36,500 ha of industrial plantations were planted, which was muchhigher than the original target of 26,900 ha, but fell slightly short of the 1999 revised target of 38,000 ha.Just over half the plantations were short rotation (18 years), while the rest was planted with teak and otherlong-rotation (40 years) hardwoods. Overall though. trees appear to have been successfully planted withreasonable survival rates. However, budgetary restrictions and a lack of flexibility for discretionarysilvicultural treatments have meant that the correct species were not always planted, and weeding may nothave been on time or has been inadequate, thereby affecting growth and yield. The project has helpeddevelop root trainer nursery techniaues; with about 500.0(0 seedlings now being produced per annum. Butapart from this, no other tree improvement activities were undertaken by the project.

C. Nature Conservation. This component is rated as satisfactory. The main focus of this componentwas the preparation and adptinn of rcnsenvation mannaement pnlns for .the thrnee sncthiuaries nfSundarbans to provide a more secure basis for biodiversity conservation within this ecosystem. In addition,th-e abi-fity nof FD ton operatee in this physically fliffimt ar-ag ',,'9S enlhaced h hep-isQi-n of Forestposts/staff housing within the sanctuaries, speed boats and work trawlers, and radio communications.TIeco CnnarVatiann n.snc oro nnu, beon m,lpmorn,oA -nA- A T1DIft;_ Q,, ' Ao4A.,c, 1;

Conservation Project. The project has supported natural resources and biological surveys over all theanlontaA Gac nti .lan -.-nrA -A-+;- . -aaln f-r tim -,---+A cone , nfo +1 C.-..n

4cko.-r LT.-rn.

povtected -Wa . mpep- *.f 1vsf: pFl-W. meeLL,* MM12 3JLUSJOL UV9. 1OWM Vfl,

these plans were generally too complex and required revision, which is now being done, but under the ADB*V-s-, C--+- 134---. Tn +Le m eu-- -no9 - -fic -4o,+: - e vaso & 6 s -Xe wee4- l +* %;L'Jfu wvv A-LL& UJ. W 1, ~UvGunu.x UV OjJ~"L% V11. *..UJI L VG 1 C.U VAULN WVI% U U, L 4Zmt"L.U'i ILL LLJL"O

protected areas except for the planting of mixed species plantations, as territorial FD staff have no trainingi U WLUf-ifr ma-Iement. Two reorniions of D 'u- e p'v' a aLUrWULL w I for r veu

environment management organization. The more recent reorganization established a new Wildlife andnua,a i..uuLWiVat1uu 'vvn vuii WIUI £iO I D-vizou. At ConsUeIVaLor Ul ruies,s has Ubee atoinu;ud LU UhesU UL

Wing and Divisional Forest Officers (DFOs) to head two of the four divisions, with posting of DFOs forthe remaining .wo yet to be done. Ho-Wever, -hese oIfUeeIr have oRly limi-ed wildifre management andnature conservation training, while, apart from the Khulna Division, which supervises the Sundarbans, theDivisions stiii lack staf and physicai resources. Also, the charter of duties for tne 'wing do not contain anyreference to monitoring of environmental codes of practice in forest operations.

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D. Institutional Support. This component is rated as satisfactory. An initial reorganization of FD inthe first year of the project, established an Environmental Management Wing and two divisions as well asan additional Forest Management Planning Division. A subsequent reorganization, which occurred in thelast year of the project, further strengthened wildlife and nature conservation as well as participatoryforestry development, planning, resource information management and monitoring. The amendment to theForest Act, sanctioning sharing of forest products from forest reserves with local communities, was anessential key element in facilitating the promotion of PFD. A proposal to recruit only forestry qualifiedpersons for professional forestry positions was not finally accepted because of Public Service Commissionrefusal to amend the current rules although allowance has been made for promotion of senior technical staffthrough to junior professional level. Professional foresters education at the IFESCU was well supportedthrough civil works, curriculum development and staff fellowships for PhD studies. The Institute is nowwell established to provide Bangladesh's future professional forestry training needs. The Forestry School inChittagong was further developed, through civil works and curriculum development, to train forestersunder a new three-year diploma program, with 150 students graduating during the project period.However, the positions of Principal and Chief Lecturer are yet to be filled and half the forty staff are on therevenue budget and assured of job security. The Forest Academy has successfully carried out in-servicetraining of forest officials and NGO staff during the project and is reasonably established in terms ofpermanent staff and facilities to continue beyond the project.

The mangrove research program has generated valuable technology for mangrove nurserymanagement and plantation establishment, as well as knowledge on successional mangrove andnon-mangrove species for raised char lands. Under the project, BFRI has revised its mangrove researchprogram and strengthened the natural mangrove and plantation mangrove work at Khulna and Barisal.BFRI has also carried out research on mangrove pest identification and control; organized a NationalMangrove Workshop involving FD. University and NGO narticinants; and conducted a studv onparticipatory management of raised land in mangrove plantations.

A Programming, Budgeting, Monitoring and Evaluation System (PBMES) was developed underthe nmiernt nnt nnlv fnr nmiert ndmintrAtinon nnd mnnagement hbut alsn to nprvide the ame flinetnn fnr

the wider activities of FD. However, the software now needs to be better customized and adequate staffnrxnAf1dd tn inmipt the nen-cesnru £1nt2 whihch ic still !>^J.incg, even fnr the pilnt div:sonin at flhittnanna nnd

HQ.

4.3 Net Present Value/Economic rate of return:

The economic re-evaluation of the project considered returns to the silvicultural treatment of areasof existing industrial plantations, new industrial afforestation, the maintenance of industrial and mangroveplantations established in the latter years of the Second Forestry Project, and the expansion of mangroveplantations. As with the SAR, separate analyses were not done for the components concerning natureconservation, institutional support and PFD.

On the basis of the currently estimated incremental timber, pole and fuelwood production, andattributing some protective benefits to mangrove plantings, the overall economic rate of return to theproject is estimated at just under 13 percent compared with an ERR at appraisal of 16 percent. There-estimated ERR for industrial nlantations is 17.5 nercent comnared with an anoraisal estimate of 22percent and the ERR for mangrove afforestation is re-estimated at 12 percent compared with 24 percent atapprij sal=6

-rr~~~~~~~~~

Several reasons account for the differences, including: (a) the growth rates used at appraisal wereunrealistically high, particularly for mangroves and short rotation species; (b) silvicultural practices in theindustrial plantations were poorer than expected; (c) the rotation for mangroves was increased from 17 to40 years because of the higher emphasis now being placed on tidal surge protection aspects, although theintangible and environmental benefits from mangrove plantations have not been included in the analysis dueto lack of sufficient data. In addition. disease in the main mangrove snecies planted- and a harvest of only60 percent of the trees adversely affected yields.

4.4 Financial rate of return:

No financial rate of return was calculated in the SAR.

4.5 Institutional development impact:

iLne rroject'- ins'utuuonai develoopment impact was mouesi. snere nave Deen mstituuoraidevelopments within the FD through the project, including reorganization of FD and establishment of theWildlife and Nature Conservation Wing, and the Social Forestry Wing; additional capacity created forforest resource planning and monitoring; strengthening of forestry education and training institutes; and aprovision of a considerable amount of in-service training. The amendment to the Forest Act was a majorpolicy breakthrough, as this allows the FD to more effectively undertake wildlife management, natureconservation, forest management planning and participatory forestry. There has also been a change inattitude in the FD towards the need for, and benefits of, enabling' the participation of local communities inforest development and management.

However, what materialized during project implementation falls short of appraisal expectations,particularly with regards to having a fully functional reorganized FD, reasonable wildlife and natureconservation management as well as forest management institutional capability in place. FD continues toface the problem of inadequate numbers of professionally qualified staff. Prior to the 2001 reorganization,there were 114 professional forester's positions in FD, but only 85 of these were filled. At thatreorganization, these posts were increased from 114 to 221, but to date, only 68 new professional staffhave being recruited for the new structure, giving a total of only 153 of the 211 professional foresters postsfilled. In addition, continuation of the policy of promotion by seniority and not merit, means the FD is notoptimizing the potential benefits from professional forestry education supported under the project Inaddition, FD has been restructured with provision for additional 1443 posts of different categories fromdevelopment to revenue budget, however, many staff employed under the project were not transferred fromthe development to revenue budget and have no secure tenure.

5. Major Factors Affecting Implementation and Outcome

5.1 Factors outside the control of government or implementing agency:

Frequent hartals (strikes) particularly throughout 1996, hampered project implementation to someextent. A cyclone in 1994 caused damage to plantations. including some established under FRMP. in theChittagong Circle. On the other hand, major floods in 1998 resulted in increased accretion of land in thecoastal areas. enabline the tareet to be increased for mangrove afforestation-

5.2 Factors generally subject to government control:

GOB failed to provide adequate funds for commercial thinning and final felling of matureplantations, adversely affecting the potential returns from this investment; and the overly restrictive

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irnplementation and budgetary control hampered sound silvicultural and plantation management practices.The prevailing GOB human resources management policy with respect to recruitment, salary structure andconditions inpeded FD's ability to attract and retain motivated and qualified staff; and at IFESCU, lengthyand cumbersome procurement procedures under the Chittagong University system caused considerabledelays in procurement.

5.3 Factors generally subject to implementing agency control:

Too frequent rotation of professional staff within FD led to problems in institutional memory andhindered implementation. Failure to recruit adequate staff for many positions hindered opeaonalplanning and management by FD, and there was too much reliance on consultants to undertake coreproject-supported activities and inadequate attention to knowledge transfer to FD staff, with the result thatinstitutional strengthening in key areas, such as resource information, procurement, monitoring of fieldoperations, and forest management planning falls short from what might have been achieved.

5.4 Costs andfinancing:

At appreisui ow [ L uuc w COib eu.u, d US$J8.7 llwUWUe, -iug phuys'-aic u d price

contingencies, financed by IDA Credit of US$49.6 million equivalent (SDR 36.4 million) and US$9.1.**. - ~~~~~~ A --- -!-*J-A e TTO f 'V 1.. .... L _ .L. lf/ ~

miiion nom GOB (see Annex 2). Actal, costs are esuliurnu a U Iu on, -wiul Ivh 9°-/o cos;reduction coming from the exchange rate savings and a decrease in funding for forest resourcesmanagement. Forest resources expansion cost was increased due w inacead areas of boti industial andmangrove plantations, with achievements greater than appraisal targets. The increases were offset to somedegree by savings in institutional support components with reduced TA expenditure and the agreu decisionnot to proceed with purchase of some boats for FD. About SDR 2.4 million was cancelled due to reductionin goods (vehicles) and some services, and exchange rate adjustment in 1997. At Credit ciosing, about SDR33.4 million (about 98 percent of the revised Credit amount) had been disbursed leaving SDR 0.55 millionto be cancelled. Disbursements over the first three years of the project were only about hanl of SARprojections, and the project was at risk due to significant delays in procurement and hiring of technicalassistance, which had created high disbursement lag.

6. Sustainabilityi. ! Rntin,,nIp fnr .s,itainnhiIitAv rating:

The proiect sustainability is rated as likely for most project achievements. Established mangroveplantations are likely to be sustained because coastal communities have become well aware of theprotection and environmental benefit afforded by the mangrove plantations, although in localized spotsthere will always be pressure from illegal encroachment on accreted land for agriculture in areas such asNnakhali and Chittaeong Divisions. adiacent to nonulation concentrations. Environmental efforts in thecoastal areas and bio-diversity conservation in the Sundarbans reserved forest will continue and growthrouth the AnB and CTFF sunnorted pnriect which builds on the achievements of FRM. Theparticipatory/community forestry program has a strong social development and poverty alleviationpote-ntaI, nn whwith fi.tlure 9z ih nrnammc *n-ld he hAP F_1 gndina fnr emnanidnn nf the PFD/x m_nimitv

forestry activities and management of conservation areas (other than Sundaibans) is provided in theA_flI_infA Perectru, -e-tnr wn,ip-t Tvncttljtininal cudtnirnahility at PD uwnuld he hp.mrnvpA hv the irnrreQPjA

number of filled professional posts (although this latter aspect is not as good as hoped); and the return of-newly trained staff whil eanpnce n new resource Aatqahae and plann;ing t+pPh,nmiuep hei,n uiled

effectively. The established forestry education system and mangrove research system should also largely

-8 -

However, sustainability is unlikely for project industrial plantation activity, unless GOB takesaction to ensure that funding will be provided over the next tbree years for maintenance and first thinning ofconventional and mangrove plantation established under FRMP. Recently, a revolving fund has beencreated for felling and carrying logs to the Forest Depot where they are auctioned. This is a positivedevelopment and has eased the funding situation for clear felling and commercial thinnings. Building on theproject achievements, including satisfactory upgrading and implementation of the management plansdeveloped under the project, the medium to long-term sustainable management of the conventionalplantations is likely only if GOB provides adequate and timely funding and/or establishes a self-sustainingfunding mechanism for future plantation development and management.

6.2 Transition arrangement to regular operations:

All implementing agencies undertook project activities as part of their ongoing operations, withoutthe involvement of a dedicated project unit, so from a management point of view, no specific transitionarrangements are necessary. There will be need for extemal funding for activities such as natureconservation and possibly participatory forestry, and this is now being provided in projects funded by ADBand GEF. Staff of FD trained under the project should be capable of maintaining and using the newresource management tools, provided GOB budget allocations are adequate.

7. Bank and Borrower Performance

Bank7.1 Lending:

This is rated as satisfactory. The project was well prepared by an experienced team incollaboration with the Forest Department. The design accurately assessed the capacity of eachimplementing agency, and recognized the shortcomings and lessons leamed. However, more definitiveactions should have been included to ensure adequate and timely funding for silvicultural operations duringand after the project as well as to initiate changes in the operational management of plantations to ensure amore commercial and objective-based approach to plantation development and management.

7.2 Supervision:

This is rated as satisfactory. Bank supervision was regular and the two detailed implementationreviews undertaken in 1996 and 1999 provided valuable assessments of progress and recommendations forfuture action. The project was managed from the Bank Headquarters till 1996 and after that from the fieldoffice in Dhaka. Although generally the Bank's team provided an appropriate skills-mix with continuouslevel of supervision support and guidance to the client, it would have been useful to have included moreforestry and environmentalwildlife expertise at crucial times to follow up on technical recommendationsfrom the MTRs and consultants and to assess and advise on the more esoteric aspects of plantationmanagement and nature conservation. Basing the supervision in the field office enabled a more interactiveapproach in assisting GOB clients as a development partner.

7.3 Overall Bankperfornance:

This is rated as satisfactory. Tne Bank's performance is rateu satisfactory in design,implementation and client orientation, consistent with the above-mentioned ratings.

-9-

Borrower7.4 Preparation:

ll us is L4LVed as saMuMrAtury. U GvrUC'.J - w0orked clUoseU w tly W-i h uh przpv.r4lou 4L., duu

although its actual inputs were limited, the implementing agency did have a good sense of ownership of theproject. Tlhe rFD recoginized its own shortcomings and ensured provisions were made for these in theproject design. It showed foresight in adopting a pilot approach to participatory development andmanagement of forests, which are inow r-cognized as being key to future forest management and protection.

7.5 GJUve.rnmen,t ,,-i.p'eme-,.tatonpe,' o,,,.aJ .

This ir rnted as unsatisfactorv. MOEF nerFrmAie in nrn,pt mnrdntinn was mnrainnl AProject Steering Committee was established, but according to supervision reports rarely functioned. Therewere lengthy delauy in th,e aprnoval process for the managerment and onsepruation plans which delaypd theirimplementation. The decision to proceed with a second reorganization of FD in 2001, following an FAOat,,A,, wae ^n, ;mnArt^Ant ind-itid4nn^l Arrcln,,vIawmPn clc,,.,t ,n,l,i,4, c,,ho,,,A tl,c Gr^rcnp,nrtr fnr cet+oW,chrnn

- JI, - - -5 1 V -r s -- V--- --*- *- VVtflfl *t OIJ. * U

the required capability for sustained forest and nature conservation management. However, inordinateA y1 in h;i4-ng, of c,ff and t+h * ntin .- I l, of sf r in -nnn,y A^rpos;,tion As,dsp. nt,in nglilflc - -. -.a. --. S +-4 -40 -a -,nta ,s1

8* aI. --- ± - . lA

1.. 0. j.lJ*.flAA, I.0j. .AJUImt

pressure from supervision missions, have adversely affected implementation and the institutionals.angLuning pLroces. -.1e e'w" I,eLWJG1 e uIU nIVuIJWAple, bUt UIe GJVVej.-U.-Uent f au e

to fund commercial thinnings has serious implications for future growth and yield of these plantations,.. .L: I _ _A: -.. +;_ t_S Al ..___I_I A- -AAa A A_ - __ AZ_ A 11__1 I ___X _A - .__ __

wUU l4uL1 wlu IUUU vL uwvViLv a wvJula juuuullg, Luj%i1i.ulj jiul mrvurljauuu iuI4lJ Irmui V uL luaLujv Ul

over mature plantations raises the question of Government's appreciation of the commercial aspects offoresuy udveLopmeun. 'vvimuuplumenwuug agencels have u=" duLt ng pro-actuvray in [ubOiviug auuii

observations, the MOEF has been slow in organizing periodic tripartite meeting involving itself, theexeuting agenies anud the Foreign Aided Project Audiit Directorate o discus and resolve the observaTions.However, this is a generic problem within the Government.

7.6 Implementing Agency:

This was rated as satisfactory. The FD handled the administration of the project adequately.Accounting and audit reuirements were met and aludit quenries h-ve been satisfa^toriy dealt with. Fieldofficers performed well, within Government budgetary and procedural constraints, to achieve or exceedmost nhu ai a! nlantation pctahlichrnint and tni tpnanpp targmte. Tha-u ale adinpteA c i,-cssfiul tn tihe

implementation of participatory forestry development, learning in the process. However, senior technicalsfppo-.an -4 Apn,A fro-m vP -ra. ;-naAnn-mo -1o v ers cecn. p f t+h p:jct A & Mh4-n d L An+i.,a1-

_.Jfll* Jl V.-vide ---l I D VV flU411S14 Mt wJV~0A Sdl±.l.011

f.4 J 0 SSJ~ UlLn 1LLj

with the Consultants; and monitoring of project activities was weak. Frequent staff transfers, have also

activities was often evident Lengthy delays in hiring of the Technical Assistance team delayed preparationofL LMiazw,ff'w foULIVD LmUUarnQtJVL pJla-L as well asb %onser-VadUOn M,ManagVeM,eUt pldan- and 'uhierebby rIfnemLUVIU

and full implementation of these plans. IFESCU performed well in human resources development throughgood UMMIrLU4ve adUU aiUdUMiM 1irnngelVnLL of inC insu'we. Ho-we-ver, Irequeni changes of uirecEor dueto a rotating system at the Chittagong University did affect institutional memory, and adversely affectedprocurement BERI actdA competenluy and professionany m unUertaKMg mangrove researcn, thougn moreefficient dissemination of results to field officers would have been useful.

- 10 -

7.7 Overall Borrower performance:

Satisfactory. Although there were some deficiencies in the Government and Implementing Agencyperformance, particularly with the former, it is felt that ovemll performance of the Govemment issatisfactory, based on the performance of the implementing agencies.

8. Lessons Learned

* Effective plantation rnnaigement and the achievement of nnti0Mn-l forest nraduct vields requires

adequate and timely provision of funds, which is not possible under the current GOB system ofL..A,.. oa., on and con----. Greatei discreti:on-- a-u-thnri for decisions on the timincy nahlreUudge.UL.y -hII%OJFU tflIJ. ) t y _ i nni.

and costs of such silvicultural operations as weeding, thinning and fire protection should be allowed atleast at division level, based I A on s-A A! ^r.y At,-^e p ; Anfi Aindra! plant fi^

development and management, should include definitive measures, including the necessary legalcoveuans to ensure that .d^ese s.h.o-romings e over,comn - mnvohv ng th,e establishmewn.t of a finanpcial lyautonomous entity, having a more commercial management approach, with Government, the localcommunities and, possibly, the private sector, in _

* Tne project has demonstrated that mangrve es tablish-A^ment on accreted si't beds can stabuilZe these bedsand lead to the formation of new land masses, suitable for settlement and agriculture, while at the sametime protecting against damage to life and property fronm cyclones an-.d tiidal surges as well as producin^.gforest products. However, sustainable management of mangrove plantations will depend on these beinga sound legal basis for tenure, within an agreed policy for disposition of tue .angroves and accretedland to best determine whether these should be converted to agricultural or grazing use or maintainedas a protective belt and/or for wood production.

* Effective development and management of forests and protection of wildlife and protected areas ,inBangladesh is not possible without considering the needs and possible involvement of marginal andlandless people adjacent to the forests. The project has demonstrated that a good partnership can bedeveloped with Forest Department, local communities and NGOs to alleviate poverty through forestrydevelopment. Effective and sustainable participation of local people in forest development andmnanagement requires a clear understanding and acceptance by both FD and the involved people of eachothers' responsibilities and an equitable sharing of benefits. It also requires adequate inputs to ensureearly financial self-sufficiency for the participants, plus mechanisms to avoid and resolve conflicts withother, nonparticipating communities.

9. Partner Comments

(Aa) BorrowerM/imnplemrntinTg agency:

In general, MOEF and the executing agencies endorsed the conclusions of the ICR, but made thefollowing comments/clarifications: (i) manpower development for sustainable mangrove research did notget adeauate attention in the project; (ii) economic rate of return calculated by the ICR team is less than theFD's own calculations, probably due to use of different rates of growth and yield data; and (iii) Governmentimplementation verformance rating should be "Satisfactory" because the satisfactory performance of theimplementing agencies is the performance of the Govenmment, since the agencies are the governmentdepartments.The executive summarv of the borrower's own project evaluation report is presented in Annex8.

(b) Cofinanciers:

Not applicable

(c) Other partners (NGOs/prtvate sector):

Not applicable.

10. Additional Information

M.A

-12

Annex 1. Key Performance Indicators/Log Frame Matrix

Outcomnelmpact Indicators

| | A^{,WA+^_ I ~~~~~~~~~A-_-.- I.. I IUtrD S AA*^ | A-AA^ff +

Rsponsive Forest Management System:inegrated Forest management Prns Approved S pians S pians S plansForest Management Plans irnplemented NA NA Not doneAdditional planning capacity in FD NA NA Extra Planning Div.RIMS upgmded with GIS and inventory data To be done NA DoneInclude socio-eco & environment data in RIMS To be done NA Not doneRegular RIMS data update To be done To be done Spatial update onlyOperational use of RIMS NA NA PartialPilot participatory forest developmnent 1600-3000ha 400 ha 850 ha

Improve Productivity of Government Forest:Estabhlishmnent of mangrove plantations 32,900 ha 33,000 ha about 30,000 ha netUQ!;S, Ant- of iustri al ph_atao_ns 2-7,000 h 3S,00 MaU 36,50 no hgVowObtaining at least reasonable yields from plantations (mangrves andindustrial plantations) 15 million m3 NA 10million m3

!--.- - -- .- ,- - -- --- 1. - - I ~,.IflA Ann h.I Lunuig of exisung puwIuuOia 2,000 iia N ! 0Adoption of silvicultural research for industrial plantations 6 NA | To be done Not doneAdoption of silvicultural research on mangroves NA NA Useful adoptionProtect the Country's Environment

|Conservationrnanagement plansapproved-| 8pn |1plans 14p| 8plans| Conservation managament plan implemented 3 plans | NA 3 plans; SundarbansEstablish functioning Environment Management Wing EMW & 2 div EMW & 2 div W&NC Wing + 4 div

l l | | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(only I operational) Investments in Pmtected Areas S5000^0 I NA (oPartialIv doneaIIDelop Environment Codes of Practice for Forestry To be done Revise codes DoneImplement Evironment Codes ofPactice To be done NA | Not done

Numberoffamilie6PbenefitingfromPFD| 400-800 | 225 675Increase in income in PFD families NA NA Average taka

I I0/Ilnamuly knrom I YVyplantations) tolO0,0001

__________________________________________________ ____ (fhmily( 1997 plantations)Ilstitutional and Polley Impact:FD reorgaiized (more effective environ, PDF, forest manr)| Oct, 1992 NA First reorg 1992; further

I I I reorg 2001| Rekmid FD adequately staffed Jan, 1993 NA Partially done; 75% of

cadre positionsIn-avichtainin (ranee officer & rof Stafi) NA NA 59510-service tminining i acs&N|(foreatera&forestgguaris) NA NA w 360

|Thr-oyeardiplomna radwites (Foms6try Sch-olChg) |NA |NA |330MAi f1 F elSflU I _ _ AVWo -^e offi.-^ i*n F D A ;v.--A'.t {-r ^, thff A6 ArFs -_ ... A Iy o^

shortages revenuebudgetAmtendment to ForestAct NA NA April, 2000

l l t | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(inadequate)Budget & Monitoring System (PBMES) functional To be done Studyby Oct 1996 Partialyfunctional

0 tp:... lu. i. U

|Indicators r Appraisal |MTR Estimate 1 Actual/LatestEstirate Estimate

Forest Resouruce Management:Undertake forest inventory 8 divisions 8 divisions Done in 8 divisionsSystem for resource data updates (CFI) NA Proposed Not doneREMS upgmded with GIS To be done To be done DoneNew Forest Manazmt Plans aDriroved 8 plans 8 plans 8 approvedImplementation of Forest Managernt Plans 8 Plans 8 plans Only partiallyUpgrading FD computer cap for planning TA & purchase NA Partially done

Socio-econ, environmental incl in RIMS To be done To be done Not doneRIMS/GIS training for FD staff Using TA NA 2 MS for RIMS staff,

other FD staff.Mangrove plantation climber cutting 37,615 ha NA 13,165 haEAning plantaiions isihinnng 5,0w0 ha aA 6,610 haExisting Plantations 2nd thinning 17,900 ha NA 3,050 haExisting plantations 3rd thinning 6,100 ha NA 720 haPFD Pilots 400 ha 850 ha 850 haForest Resonrce Expansion:Establish Mangrove Plantations 32,900 ha 33,000 ha About 30,000 ha netEstablish Industrial Plantations 27,000 ha 38,000 ha 36,500 ha grossMaintenance of existing mangrove plantations 22,140 ha NA 18,165 haMaintenance ofexistine industrial lantations 25646 ha INA 128j370 haConstruction and maintenance of firelines NA To be done Partially donePlantation road construction 90 km To be done Partally done

I Im.pmlinapnYlwion~ ~ ~~~~~~~~I) t' -0,0cpnt R -otnap+ .- 500,000roon nn| | trainer ~~~~~~nursr xpne seedlingsyear

Expansion ofroottrainer system |To be done |NA Partially done' Nature Conservadon; _ _ _ xaddselnsya

Identification ofprotected areas NA 14 PA s identified 15 PA s identifiedConservation managt plans for Sundarbans appmved. 3 plans NA 3 plans approvedConservation mangment plans for other Pas approved 5plans I I plans, revisions Not done

neededEstablish effective environment maanagement agency EMW & 2 divs EMW & 2 divs EMW & 4 divs (only I

operational)Preparation of model EIAs models NA 6 models donePreparation of Environmental Standards & Codes Conduct To be done To be revised Donetrevisedbiological surveys NA NA Done (I3 PA s)Conduct natural resource surveys _ _NA _ NA Done (24 sites)

ReorganizaIion ofFD Oct 1992 NA Adopted 1992Further reorganization ofFD NA NA Adopted 2001

hired; 160of225 cadrepositions

Establish rojectBudgetingandMonitoringSystem NA IStuy by Oct 996 Partially functionalCivil works for professional foresters training To be done NA | DoneProfessional foresters curriculum revision (FESCU) To be done NA | DoneOverseas PhD fellowships for IFESCU 10 fellowships 12 felowships 3 complete, 7 in process

DoneCivil works for in-service trining To be done NA DoneIn-servicetrainingcuniculumdevelopment To be done NA DoneCivilworksforForesterstraining Tobedone NA DoneNew curriculum development for foresters' diploma To be done NA MDon

| Civilworksforforestguardtraining I Tobedone I NA DoneResearch station civil works at BFRI J To be done [NA

-4A1- 1*5

Annex 2. Project Costs and Financing

Project Cost by Component (in US$ million equivalent)I Appraisal | Actual/Latest 1 Percentage ofl

Estimate | Estimate Appraisal'Project Cost By Component US$ million -US$ million l _I

|A. Forest Resources Management: [ 7.60 5.88 | 77Forest Management Plans; T lResources Infonnation Management System;Silvicultunal Treatment;Participatory Forestry Development.

I R Fnrpet Resoircs pYnnn:inn 2 4.9n . Al1 146Mangrove Afforestation;Tnf-iifruia P1 n.ItFon;

Maintenance of Existing Plantations.

D. Institutional Support: 15.60 8.13 52General Support to rorest Deparnment;Environmental Management;rroiessionai roresters rucauion;In-service training;Foresters training;Forest Guard training;Mangrove Research.

Total Baseline Cost 50.40 53.23Physical Contingencies l 2f 1

| Price Contingencies | 6.30

| Total Financing Required | 58.70 | 53.23 | _

rroject Cosis by rrocurement Arrangements tAppraisai Esumatej (US$ miiiion equivaient)

. . iCB _ - ... __.....|._Procurement Method . Ttl _.I- uA,U , IMIHMIU .T NCB Other I 950

. Wa rkc 1 AA A AA a !09

(0.00) (7.30) (0.80) (0.00) (8.10)2. GUoUUo 4.40 4.3U I.IU 0.UU Y.8

(3.70) (3.20) (0.80) (0.00) (7.70)3. Services 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 7.00

I (0.00) (0.00) (7.00) (0.00) (7.00)4.1ncremental and staff 0.00 0.00 10.10 0.00 10.10isalaryI 1 (0.00) 1 (0.00) 1 (5.00) (0.00) (5.00)15. Plantation works r 0.00 T 0.00 T 21.80 T 0.50 22.301 (0.00) 1 (0.00) 1 (21.80) 1 (0.00) j (21.80)16. Miscellaneous 1 0.00 000 1 0.00 1 000 1 0.00I _ (0.00) 1 (0.00) 1 (0.00) (0°00) I (0 °0) JI Tntal A 4.40 1 !2.80 1 ! Al1f 0.5n0f 70n

(3.70) 1 (10.50) I (35.40) [ (0.00) (49.60)

Proiect Costs bv Procurement Arranaements (Actual/Latest Estimate) (US$ million equivalent)

;Expendltur CtegorY' - ICB P .eho N.R:F. I Total Cost 1Catee .. 8-91 f --, ,,- POther 111. Works 0.00 | 8.91 | 0.00 I 0.00 8.91

(0.00) (7.57) (0.00) (0.00) (7.57)12. Goods I 0.42 5.27 0.09 0.00 5.78

________________________ (0.42) J (5.27) 1 (0.08) J (0.00) j (5.77)13. ervices I 0.00 A nan 1 Al 5An 1 0.0 5.41

(0.00) (0.00) (5.41) (0.00) (5.41)A E.i rcIrm , a.00 0.00 ;0.53 U 0.00 1 ;0.53

salary JUI /1 AANi Ifi d%f%" A 'ITA. (A fAd% IA 'IA'

L .1 l .°°) I k L J ( l I (.00) l +(.7I)5 Plantation works 0.00 0.00 22.39 _0.21 | 22.60

l (0.00) l U.uu j (22.3y9) (0.00) (22.39)6. Miscellaneous | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1(0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00)Total | 0.42 | 14.18 38.42 | 0.21 53.23 |

(0.42) (12.84) 1 (32.62) 1 (0.00) 1 (45.88)N.B.F. includes 1172 metric ton of wheat through the World Food Program (WFPF) Food For Works (FFW) forfinancing labor costs ofparticipatoryforest development.Figures in SAP cost tables are less than this table because the SAP tables accounted only the cost ofprior reviewcontracts by the Bank

" Figures in parenthesis are the amnounts to be financed by the Bank Loan. All costs include contingencies.

" Includes civil works and goods to be procured through national shopping, consulting services, services of contracted staff

- 16 -

of the project management office, training, technical assistance services, and incremental operating costs reiated to (i)managing the project, and (ii) re-lending project fumds to local government units.

n:_ r: _ o.. ------- _ It- I C&-tll--_.1.__IJ.%," ..... m Ilhhl ... v p,ivaIiU till .u.uimui ui4uiva.usiti

;, -- ; ,; ,** ii = "^ a J t1- | - - - l , £ - '; ' - |Per cntg of-Appraisal]

,r ,-|Ban * '| G ovt. ; CoF.- Bink, | 'jGim. i |. CoF. . k v_,, _____ CoF.

Forest Resource 7.UU i. U.UU 03.(5 2.0 U.UU 0 52. i 137.5 U.UManagement

27.00 2.80f C.00 35.8 C.S O.CC 132.8 1. 0.0

NatuesConNature Conservation 2.10 0.60 0.00 1.62 1.19 0.00 77.1 198.3 0.0Institutdonal Support 13.50 4.10 0.00 4.7 3.41 0.00 35.0 83.2 0.0

I otai -reIg cost s5 abou- $ 4S.9 m.iiu.on and" S0. 70 m.lloun cancelledfrom tue saving i.'n civ ii work, gOOas and

services at ICR. About US$3.3 million was cancelled due to reduction in goods(vehicles), some services andexchar.ge rate adY'.-"en' .;n !°9017 andUS 0.69 1) o AOs -J.--e .1-s J6.#.:erI US-ad CnR on -ie.;aaccount,c.h..el h. 1007 ,...A TJ('_ -l i1 ....l.. epsit -

account initial deposit.

Annex 3. Economic Costs and Benefits

1 Economic | EconomicAnalysis at Analysis at

Project Component Appraisal ICRIERR (%) IERR(%

Industrial Plantations j ENew 22.0 14.12dForestry Maintenance NtA* 23.0

Silviculturai Treatmnents N/A** N/AT"Aiie,, al Plwntat Tntftal 2_) n 17 S_

| Mangrove l_l _l

w 24A.0 11.1

2 Forestry Maintenance N/A* 19.1Silvicultural Treatments N/A** N/A

Mangroves Total 24.0 11.9Existing Plantations 35.0 N/A***

I Total Plantations I 24.0 I 15.7Total Project 16.0 12.9

* The SAR analysis included the silvicultural treatment of existing plantations (pre-2Forestry Project) but apparently not the maintenance of existing (2- Forestry Project)plantations.

** Included under 'Existing Plantations'.t** Separated between mangroves and industrial plantations and between 2d Forestry Project

maintenance and the silvicultural treatment of existing plantations.

- 18-

Annox A 4Bank Innpite

(a) Missions:[Stage of Project Cycle iNo of-Persons and Specialty Performance Rating

| , (e.g. 2 Economists,_1_EMS, etc.) kimplementation DevelopmentMonth/Year J Couint Specialty Progress Objective

Identification/Preparation

4/1991 14 2 EC, 1 PA, I LP, I SC, 2 SO, IETC, I FS, I FIS, I RE, I NCS,I WLB, I EIS

AppraisaiiNegouauon11/1991 5 1 EC, I EC, I FS, I SO, I

04/1992

,Supervision12/1992 6 1 AG, I EC, I DO, I PS I S S

F,I -CS.I)

7/1993 6 1 AG, I EC, I DO, I PS I FS,I U U- CDSn

9/1993 4 I FS, I PS, I DO, I CDS S S9/1993 l S l AC-, I FS , ! FS, I DS I, ! D I

12/1994 5 1 PS,IDS, I FS, IFS S Sr(Consult-ant), i CDS

7/1995 5 1 AG, I DO, I PS, I FS,1 S S

8/1996 4 1 AG, I PS, 1 DO, 1 FS S S4/1997 3 1 A, I P, I DO S S11/1997 5 2 AG, I PS, I DO, I FMS S S5/1998 6 2 AG, 1 PS, 1 FM, DO, ! S S

E | FMS M I M1/1999 6 2 AG. I NGOS. 1 EC. I DO. I S S

TA6/1999 8 2 AG, I PS, I DO. I FMS I S, S F S

I NGOS, I EC l I12/1999 4 1 AG, 1 PS, I DO, I TA S S2/2000 4 1 AG, I PS, I DO, I TA S S8/2I000 6 1 AGr. PR 1 no 1 FMR 1 E I-4_2001 ||(AO-CP), I FME (FAO-CP) |4/2001 7 2 AG I PS I DO I FMS I TA. S S

1 FME (FAO-CP)9/2001 5 |AG, 1 EC, I PS, I DO, I FMS S - S

|ICR IIIII21202 1I) Rank Team- I AQ I FC S S

________________ _ l |EFAO-CP Consultants: I ES, -

i~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ! EC/FA FS, AG - Agriculturist, DO - Disbursement Officer, PO - Procurement Specialist, FS - Forestry Specialist,

NS4UJJ - NGv S1Jp.ecalist, ELS - I1VJUlO-UUV r.; Specia ist, PMivio - FUi-LLcit vaMg,.arv.en; Speci biaL, EA, -

Economist, TA - Team Assistant, FME - Forest Management Expert, FA - Financial Analyst, SO -Sociologist, PA - Project Aiaiyst, LP - ianduue T " - Cdir, SC - i VIcSffi.UM, r ETC - EULuiI and

- 19 -

Training Consultant. FIS - Fisheries Specialist, RE - Resource Economist, NCS - Nature Conservation

Specialist, WLB - Wild Life Biologist, EIS - Environment and Institutional Specialist

(b) Staff

| Stage of PiojectCycle -- O |

Identification/Preparation 164.3 250.9ASpDraisil/Negotation 47.8 118.7Survision 214.5 380.85ICR 8.5 42.1 (FAO-CP)Total | 435.1 | 792.55

-20-

Annex 5. Patings for Achirn,oman* of f1hioMu*ve/As,vnv*w of Crnmsu,neiai

(H=High, SU=Substantial, M=Modest, N=Negligible, NA=Not Applicable)Rating

O Macro policies O H OSU*M O N O NA12 Sector Policies O H OSU*M O N O NA

X Physical O H *OSUOM O N O NA1 Financial O H OSU*M O N O NAO Institutional Development O H 0 SU * M 0 N 0 NA1Environmental O H * SUOM O N O NA

SocialO Poverty Reduction O H OSU@*M O N O NA

(LD Genaer Ov H Ov u w M Cj N V' NA3 Other (Please specify) O H O SU OM O N O NA

Povery alleviation rhrough forestrydevelopment pilotsO Fi-iatI sector u5velopmffen5 ' O -or h' O .SU O M O N YA

3 Public sector management 0 H O SU O M 0 N O NAIVI __.LYF \ .r C or r A .Ax kr < In v £[3J s .........JFVL5#jx/ ¼.J. L \JJ V Li W lvi %L JV _\. IVTA

Improving sustainably managedforest production.

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Annex 6. Ratings of Bank and Borrower Performanct

(HS=Highly Satisfactory, S=Satisfactory, U=Unsatisfactory, HU=Highly Unsatisfactory)

6.1 Bankperformance Rating

• Lending OHS OS OU OHU( Supervision OHS CPS O U O HUN Overall OHS OS OU O HU

6.2 Borrowerperformance Rating

F Preparation OHS OS OU O HUiM Government implementation performance O HS O S 0 U 0 HUF Implementation agency performance OHS OS OU 0 HUN- Overall OHS OS OU O HU

Annex 7. List of Supporting Documents

1. StaffuAppraisal Report (report no. 103 77-BD) -Bangladesh Forest Resources Management Project(FRMP).

2. Development Credit Agreement (Credit number 2397-BD) - Bangladesh Forest ResourcesManagement Project.

3. All supervision packages of FRvir.4. Implementing agencies (FE), BFRI and IFESCU) own completion evaluation report.5. Management Plans of eight forest and coastal divisions.6. Conservation management plan of the protected areas.7. Socio-Economic Survey in Reediand Forest Area (Forest Departnent - September 1997).8. Socio-Economic and Biophysical Appraisal and Design of Participatory Forest Development Schemes

for Each Pilot Site (Chittagong and Cox's Bazar) and General Management Plan and Manual (ForestDepartment - February 1998).

9. Environmental Standard: Code of Practice (Forest Department - 2001).10. Forest Inventory Plan for the Chittagong Hill Tracts (Forest Department - July 2001).11. Mangrove Research and Development: Proceedings of the National Workshop on Mangrove

Research and Development at Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI - 2001).

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Additional Annex 8.Bo rrower's Contribution to the ICR

IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT (ICR): FOREST RESOURCESMANAGEMENT PROJECT (fFRMP)

(IDA CRF.TT NO. 2397-BD)

STUMMARV

1. ASSESSMENT OF TE PROjECT OJlECTTVE, DESIGN., IMPLEMENTATTON ANDOPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The Forest Resources Management Project was started for a seven-year period from FY1992-93 toFY1998=99. T ater ;t -uas extendedd up two Decembe-1r 2A-A1 Th e pr ,.n,-pm- mot of 'he ta...i.n. 4*l anAcoastal areas of Bangladesh with a view to increasing the forest resources under a sound and sustainable

forest resources. Nearly 2 million ha of government-owned forest-land cannot meet more that 25%requ:,-e -4n of-1 -:mbe A^.- .. ,-- wood need Ofsh U- T :on s'^^- ofr +U. cut;s need for- sC-e -ood1JV%ULUVIII-~UL VI LUJ11l~U1 A01LMA WT.AV% JJ.~.4 Ml LLL.%UULJuLLuY. L.LLi L~ 01u VIUJ.T.'LLILL LTUIUJ VUJ11 VLL~ lx,WvUU'

and timber is fulfilled by the village forest. Annual wood production is estimated at about 9.5 million mn ofwhich 80% is used for fuel and the rest 20% is either used as swan timber or poles. Annual per capitalconsumption of wood is about 0.1 In', one of the lowest in the world.

The forestry sector contributes about 5% of GDP, but this does not reflect the true contribution of thissector. The rural population uses fuel wood and other minor forest products practically free of cost.Forest also plays an important role in protecting watersheds, irrigation and hydral structure, also in keepingits rivers and ports navigable. It also plays key role in protecting the coastal areas from natural calamities,in reclaiming land from the sea. The role of forests in protecting the environment from pollution and itscontribution towards bio-diversity is not doubt immense. The World Bank-funded Forest ResourcesManagement Project had contributed much to build up a new resource base in the forestry sector ofBangladesh.

Design, Implementation and Operation Experiences

Credit effectiveness: The Credit was signed in July 1992 and was effective since 1992. Project proforma(PP) was sianed in about fifteen months later from the date of Credit effectiveness. But this delay did nothamper the project implementation as a whole. The implementation progress of FRM Project wassatisfactory but with some considerable variances from the original schedule of activities.

Prnipct enqt and finkneing: The estimated Gnot of the nmiect at arnmraisal was SDR 36.4 millinn

equivalent for the three components, vis a vis FD, BFRI, IFESCU. After 4-year implementation of thenrnipr,t eot wna rp-Pstimqhtrni md rwiir-Ard tn 339 millinn SDR The decn-pae wnc nniin1v die tr% dpFAitoin"

of mangrove plantation target Originally, GOB matching fund was estimated 20% of the project cost.A ,t.ll, it -,ac npp 17pA 1 7°/A n thies h- matr aitn firna was d n 1PeQQ n rpm,rPment of oviAhPaA c^st

flu.aitu at P..n, * * na prop,et n,a rll pnnnpn,a corceve sxndwll prep&--9 It baa been p ep&aed in nnrto"iswnno

with the national development strategy for the sector.

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Prolect Components:

A. Forest Resource Manaaement

Integrated Forest management Plans: To ensure sound forest management Forest Departmentincorporated Integrated Forest Management Plan for different forest areas. Eight IFMPs for Sundarbans,Sylhet, Chittagong, Cox' Bazaar Forest Divisions and the Noakhali, Patuakhali, Bhalo and ChittagongCoastal Afforestation Divisions have been approved by MOEF and are under implementation.

Code of Practice for Forestry Operations: The environmental standards have been reviewed and the codeof practice for forestry operation in Bangladesh has been finalized. The report published and sent for fielduse.

Conservation Management Plan: Of the 15 established conservation areas (CAs) in Bangladesh, CMPsfor three Sundarbans wildlife sanctuaries (East, West and South) have been approved by MOEF and arebeing implemented under the ADB/GEF biodiversity conservation project The conservation plans ofanother six protected areas (Madhupur, Rema Kalenga, Hazarikhil, Chunati, Himchari and Teknaf GameReserves) have been finalized, including participatory management approach under the ADB-fmnancedForestry Sector project. Remaining 6 CMPs will prepared and revised by Forest Department through threeManagement Plan Divisions, accordingly office order has been given to the concemed Divisional ForestOfficers. Moreover, Conservation Plans for the newly created national parks, Kaptai and Sitakundo needto be prepared.

Participatory Forestry Development: About 850 ha of pilot participatory forestry plantations involving675 participant families have been established with the help of. CODEC ( a field level NGO) in thedegraded forest-land in nine sites in the Chittagong and Cox's Bazaar Forest Divisions. This is about100% more than 1996 MTR recommendations of 450 ha to December 2001.

Programming, Budgeting, Monitoring System (PBMS): Expansion of PBMS has been undertaken andcomputers have been provided to all 14 forest, environment and management plan divisions under FRMP.But strengthening of this system providing more skilled personnel is essentially needed.

Resource Information Management System (RIMS): The Resource Information Management Svstem(RIMS) has been interfaced with a Geographical Information System (GIS). The system is providingexcellent support for the Integrated Forest Management Plans. Block maps for each range have beenprepared for Cox's Bazaar, Sylhet and Chittagong Divisions and updated for the Coastal Divisions. Aforest inventory nreparation plan for the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT'h has been nrenared with the help ofan expert.

B. Forest Resource Exmansion

Mangrove Plantation: Under FRMP, FD has established about 33, 568 ha mangrove plantations. The.mnnamuvp nflrnt2tininc inna the nost nf Ranag!desh pnntirnu tn be. a mtnai;r n,1nna! at'hiop,jpmPyt nrmnuiA,r,

substantial tangible benefits such as wood resources, new land for agriculture and grazing, and enhancedfish breed;JnbgrPs aro s .ve u- as the proven i n-tancr bla ber.f.t of proftectin of Hfa snd] p.er.e- .f.m -ycon

and tidal surges. However, encroachment is becoming an increasing problem, particularly in those areas

A- + + o ^, I < #1 A1 1~~~~-LI)

~alac.. to h.... pv.. n o..9 .an-Ass peo.e

Industrial Plantation: A total of 36,504.1 ha of industrial plantations have been raised to date under theproject. This compares well with the SAR target of 29,000 ha and a revised MTR target of 31,500 ha.

Maintenance of Plantation: The project had provisions for financing first thinning which had been done indue time. But there was no provision for 2nd and 3rd thinning for plantation in the project, which hadhampered these two operations. It is essential to keep fund provision in the GOB budget to accomplishthese thinning operations of old plantations as a proiect component.

Feling : About 900 ha of matured plantations were felled in Sylhet during 1998-2001. Felling was alsodue in other divisions. The major cause for delay in felling is the non-availability of sufficient GOB fundfor felling and carrying. For smooth operation of felling there might have provisions for in future proiect.

C. Nature Conservation and Environmental Mana,ement

Nwtu.re Conservation at Sundarbans: The inTri-dininn nf the NWilire Cnnmervt inn and Wildlife Diviqinlnat Sundarbans (East sanctuary: compartments 4,5,6 & 7 (part); South sanctuary compartmnent: 43, 44, 46antd parts Of Pfitne-v TdInd; and West qnnetihrn- crnmprtament AQ in(rt, r3, 5qA4 q; 5 un5) pr-,rte (frnmthe newly created Sundarbans East and Sundarbans West territorial divisions and handed over to theNatuwre Consineratinn andi Wilglofp nlAcinn Thnilna (.MC-WTh fnrmprb, ErnxArnrnmq'ntn1 Manam,mrent

Division) for management, development and protection purposes through gazette notification. Fork- ctionn of fhese three uAAdlife s hctortess at S mAarhanc. (-,,r;n-f ab,^,t I0AA Ann 160 ha,, h. pl.-eA 9U

the staff at the sanctuaries under the jurisdiction of the NCWD-K for better coordination. All procurementarA C-,I -A -,tlc h-, ao nn' -laf.A

^nd ciL,t .. ViL Vrks 'sJfU 'en V pVVJALejLa

Wildlife Management Wing under a Conservator of Forests directly responsible to the Chief Conservator.vIOE.r has approvdU 'ue TOJXRI UoLfUJ W Inw iVsllior. Ti,i. CUU.UVaJ Ul FUore (iCFLb ) aIU Ulu LWU

Divisional Forest Officers (DFOs) are fielded for proper functioning of the new circle and divisions.

D. Institutional Supnort

Amendments to the Forest Act (1972): Important amendments to the 1972 Forest Act have been madeby Parliament and gazette notufication was made on April i0, zuuu adnressing the participatorymanagement agreements sanctioning sharing of forest products with local communities.

The parliament also approved the Environental Act 2000 facilitating establishment of environmentalcourt for environmental degrdation offenses. This paved the way for sharing of forest produce with theparticipants under contract.

Reorganization of Forest Department: A reorganization set up of the Forest Department with 8,681positions (221 professional, 38 nonprofessional, 1988 sub-professional and 6472 support staff), including88 new forestry cadre positions under revenue budget has been created. The TOR of each position hasbeen approved and gazetted. But the positions created under new set up is not sufficient compared to thepresent need of the Forest Department So it should be reviewed to meet up the FD's proper forestresource management.

- 26 -

The Recruitment and Staffing Policy: FD has established a two-tier forestry personnel recruitmentcsc,fm:.u ---

(a) Professivral fhrvetwr iAith the fniwr irt -- , - A.- ; f-restry, to be -4A zt + lk I-el ofAssistant Conservator of Forests (ACF); and (b) forest technicians with ten years basic education followedby a diree 1Pr "e-. t, .' fores -c.hol to -. +- *,Ute zt 1 vuhe lee o os,e,, y+- Uas -o- ~ ~ .... mm.

5* a I - 1_Jn .J Ui LLLV .U I U~1VVV1 V. VULVLVL. IL1V ~YDLVIIL LLCL1 IIUL

functioned properly yet Recently FD has recruited sixty six cadre positions of which 64 are professional*f-s-V-f <J.Qc. IT-. T- V oreaA.

Ins.ce Tr f: .g Bagads Aoes .2ader…-l Ul- CiUWgo-l tlobe Ugd o meet the gro-wiiig-iO,V.a rIL ~ -I m atI L JII14I IU~ I~.UI~U 1 VI ~IdC

need of more in-service training for official and staffs. MOEF has established a new forest school atCiutagong, wihuch Uhs bUeL iuleiiudu wiui uiec lecuiucai Educauon Board. in each year, 50 stuaents getenrollment for three years diploma course. By this time, 4/5 batch completed Diploma in Forestry andmany of the got job in the ri and other NwOs. Hiring of teacher and staff for Forests School nas beencompleted. But the appointment of principal and the chief instructor position is yet to be completed. Anwuber of training programs has been organized on participatory forestry development in Forest School,Sylhet and Rajshahi. The school has developed its own training programs instead of organizing trainingonly on request as at present. Tne School had a plan to start short-term in-service training for 405forester/forest guards, and the Forest Academy, Chittagong also had a plan to organize service managementtraining to 70 ACFs recently transferred from the development to the revenue budget under ADB financedForestry Sector Project.

Mangrove Research: Satisfactory progress has been made in mangrove research. BFRI has revised theannual research programs. The program is under implementation. About 31 research projects initiatedduring FRMP have been completed. The mangrove research program has provided valuable technology formangrove nursery management and plantation establishment as well as knowledge on successive mangroveand non-mangrove species for raised char lands. A National Workshop on mangrove R&D was organizedin May 2001 with over 50 participants from FD, University, NGO and BFRI. The proceedings of theworkshop published. BFRI has finalized the report on the pilot participatory management of raised land inmangrove plantations in the Coastal Belt. BFRI has developed proposals to undertake social andenvironmental research in the sanctuaries and other parts of the Sundarbans in collaboration withNCWD-K and IFES. For sustainability of the mangrove research program, BFRI has initiated preparationof medium and long-term project proposals and submitted to MOEF/GOB for approval.

Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University (IFESCU): ProfessionalForesters' Education: Implementation of project activities at IFES has been satisfactory. IFES hasproduced 333 forestry graduates of which 19 are females. Nineteen students have already graduated withM.Sc. in Forestry. IFES has initiated a B.Sc. program in Environmental Sciences along with its ongoingprogram of B.Sc. in Forestry. A total of 289 students including 28 females are in the undergraduateprograms and 60 graduates in Forestry have been admitted for M.Sc. degrees. Three graduate programsleading to Ph.D. degree are in progress. Three out of twelve faculty members sent abroad fro hipher degreehave completed their Ph.D. Another three faculty members have returned and joined the faculty and arefinalizing their dissertation for submission to the respective universities. Short-term study tours were ingood progress. IFES has published a book on mangroves in Bangladesh.

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2. ACHIEVEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY AND FUTURE PROJECT OPERATION

Achievement: The Project's main objective of expanding forest resources base has been achieved. Almost7f0,400 h0 of ..loon have been estaished =Ander this project. One of the direct benefits in terms Of

wood production as forecasted by the ICR committee will be of about 10.03 million m' of log. This is

considerably more than the appraisal estimate of 3.9 milion m of saw log. Tne additional supply of fuelwood and poles will benefit the urban and rural poor. The ERR determined by the ICR committee forindustrial, mangrove and participatory plantations component, and for the project as a whole was higherthan those reported in the SAR. The increase in the ERR volumes may be attributed to higher yield per ha.Considerable progress was also made in institutional strengthening of FD to carry out operationalprogrammes and improve professional forestry education, training and research in Bangladesh.

Project Sustainability: FD as a government forestry department has been playing vital role in country'sforest resource base development For sustainability of the forest resources generated by FRM Project,continuous support from Government and donors is needed. With the existing manpower of FD this is notpossible to maintain, develop and protect the forest resources. So, it has been felt that transferring ofproject personnel in the revenue budget is essential for sustainable management of the completed projectactivities. A short term (3 Years), FRMP follow-up project has already been approved and another longterm project has also been submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) for necessary action.

Economic and financial rate of return: A good Forest resources base has been established through theimplementation of this project. Hence, a good economic rate of return has been achieved andnon-guantifiable benefit of the proqect has been realized. The estimated ERR of the project is 19%. Forplantation raised, the estimated ERR also 19%. The financial rate of return for the project estimated at18%.

Lesson learned

As a lesson learnt of the project. the following issues were considered as (a) Financial rule for expenditureprocedure of the donor should be in the line of borrower's financial rule to avoid unwanted conflict betweenthe parties. bh) Choice of Species: Wide varietv of species wnuld help in success of nlantation. It should besite matching and depending on the people's need. (c) Success of plantations along the periphery of forestboundary has become a threat due to illicit-felling and encrachme t To combat this situation.

joint/participatory forestry management may be extended in the buffer zone areas. (d) Monitoring systemof FD is still weai. It bhas tn be strengthened and activated with.the sifficient stuffs and loaigtirs. (e)

Process for recruiting consultant should be simplified. (f) Frequent change of PD and project staff hampersthe project activitr. So in futare project, provision for tenul aspect of PD and project staff should have tobe considered. (g) recruitment of project personnel should be on pennanent basis. Due to the uncertaintyof Jobs, projec staff uly : . graded ad also m-shandled A i nproject staff in the revenue may be kept in the future Project Proforma. (g) Financial Management:paro_duu-au deiay in 'Ui Lz un release hamp-.Mi the uvovo ull aMudd timely pjiect op_.afion. Fund release LuJ be

done in time from the Ministry.

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