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The 20th Century and Beyond
Ch 36: The Final Chapter
I. The end of the Cold War
Reagan Doctrine- US assist in any anticommunist resistance
Afghanistan
Soviet Union’s military was stretchedVarious satellite nations soon split off
I. The End of the Cold War
Mikhail GorbachevInstituted many reforms
Anti-Stalinism
Glasnost (openness)- “freedom to criticize)
Limitations on nuclear weapons
Perestroika (economic restructuring)- decentralization of industry
Government not all powerful
Social reforms
People eventually became unhappy with too much
change
Soviet Union stated to collapse between 1989-1990
II. Post Soviet Union
Boris YeltsinTook over in 1991 which became the end of the Soviet Union
President of Russia
Renounced Communism- brought in a free-market economy
Used military force to overthrow the Soviet Parliament
Vladimir PutinReplace Yeltsin in 1999
Freedom of Press?
Democracy and Freedom?
III. The Middle EastArea of conflict
Persian Gulf War 1991Saddam Hussein (Iraq) invades Kuwait
United States gets involved (admittedly for oil reasons)
War on TerrorismResult of 9/11 attacks
Resulted in a War in Afghanistan and War in Iraq
Major power comes from oil
IV. Globalization
Globalization- The interconnectedness of the WorldDescribes how the world has become smaller due to communication and transportation
Describes how one issue in one part of the world has a significant impact in another
Level of globalization increases dramatically everyday
1990- Tim Berns “creates the internet”
2001- 25% of world has internet
2010- between 30-40%
IV. Globalization
BusinessMultinational corporations
Outsourcing
Various businesses have different departments or locations around the world
Sometimes more powerful than the host company
Force improvements in communication and transportation
IV. GlobalizationMigration
“Guest Workers”
Immigration increases with ease of transportation
Brings about language barriers
Multiculturalism
Cultural GlobalizationAmericanization
McDonalds
Usually includes native variations
Science and artsWorking together around the world
IV. Globalization
United NationsOriginally started to keep peace
Provides aid
Works on health and human rights issues
Issues with religionsSpread of world cultures sometimes runs against fundamental religious groups
Ex. Islam in the Middle East
Results in conflict
V. Global Problems
Spread of DiseaseEase of travel makes the threat of pandemics a larger problem
Swine Flu, SARS, AIDS etc.
Upside: worldwide efforts towards eradicating these diseases
Environmental issuesWorldwide Concern
Awareness of how local issues can be a worldwide issue
Problem can be compounded as a result of rapid growth in developing countries
Usually encouraged by industrial countries
VI. Wrap Up
Globalization has its positives and negatives
Everything in history has lead us to this point in time
The EndThe Space Marines have been
defeated and the world is now a “safe and peaceful” place…
Or is it?