The 21st Century Internet

Invited Talk to the

Information Sciences Institute,

University of Southern California

November 19, 2001

Larry Smarr, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD,

Director, Cal-(IT)2

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime– Broadband Speeds– “Always Best Connected”

• Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points– Information Appliances– Sensors and Actuators– Embedded Processors

• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer– Parallel Lambda Optical Backbone– Storage of Data Everywhere– Scalable Distributed Computing Power

• Brilliance is Distributed Throughout the Grid

The Emerging Brilliant CloudA Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

California Has Undertaken a Grand Experiment in Partnering

UCSBUCLA

California NanoSystems Institute

UCSF UCB

California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,

and Quantitative Biomedical Research

UCI

UCSD

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Center for Information Technology Research

in the Interest of Society

UCSC

UCDUCM

Cal-(IT)2

An Integrated Approach to the New Internet

www.calit2.net

220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams

With Students, Industry, and the Community

The State’s $100 M Creates Unique Buildings, Equipment, and Laboratories

Two Buildings at UCSD and UCIWill Create Novel Labs and Facilities

New Media Arts Facilities at UCSD

Over Fifty Industrial Sponsors From a Broad Range of Industries

Akamai Technologies Inc.AMCCAmpersand VenturesArch VenturesThe Boeing CompanyBroadcom CorporationCAIMIS, Inc.Conexant Systems, Inc.Connexion by BoeingCox CommunicationsDiamondhead VenturesDupontEmulex Corporation

Network SystemsEnosys MarketsEnterprise Partners

Venture CapitalEntropia, Inc.Ericsson Wireless

Communications, Inc.ESRIExtreme NetworksGlobal Photon SystemsIBM IdeaEdge VenturesThe Irvine CompanyIntersil Corporation

ComputersCommunications

SoftwareSensors

BiomedicalStartups

Venture Capital

Mission VenturesNCRNewport CorporationOracleOrincon IndustriesPanoram TechnologiesPrintronixQUALCOMM IncorporatedQuantumThe R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research InstituteSAICSamueli, Henry (Broadcom)SciFrame, Inc.Seagate Storage ProductsSGISilicon WaveSonySTMicroelectronics, Inc.Sun MicrosystemsTeraBurst NetworksTexas InstrumentsTime DomainUCSD HealthcareThe Unwired FundWebEx

Irvine Sensors CorporationJMI, Inc.Leap Wireless InternationalLink, William J. (Versant Ventures)Litton Industries, Inc.MedExpert InternationalMerckMicrosoft Corporation

$140 M Match From Industry

Cal-(IT)2 is Exploring Partnering Opportunities with USC

• ISI/Computer Science– Grid Software– Security– Wireless SensorNets– Optical Networking– AI and HCI– Robotics / Machine Vision

• Applications– Seismic– Biomedical– New Media Arts

Why the Grid is the Future

Scientific American, January 2001

Cal-(IT)2 is Developing a Metro Optical Laboratory

• High Resolution Visualization Facilities– Data Analysis– Crisis Management

• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications– Civil Infrastructure– Environmental Systems– Medical Facilities

• Distributed Collaboration– Optically Linked– Integrate Access Grid

• Optimize for LambdaNet– PC Clusters– Grid Middleware

SDSCSIO

Cal-(IT)2 SIOControl Room

Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SBC, SGI, IBM,TeraBurst Networks

UCSD HealthcareSD Telecom Council

Multi-Megapixel Displays Will Be Linked by LambdaGrid

Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU

The NSF TeraGridPartnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure

NCSA8 TF

4 TB Memory240 TB disk

Caltech0.5 TF

0.4 TB Memory86 TB disk

Argonne1 TF

0.25 TB Memory25 TB disk

TeraGrid Backbone (40 Gbps)

SDSC4.1 TF

2 TB Memory250 TB disk

This will Become the National Backbone to Support Multiple Large Scale Science and Engineering Projects

DataCompute

VisualizationApplications

Linking CENIC, NSF, and Metro Optical Networks

CENIC Optical Network Infrastructure (ONI) Initiative

NSFTeraGrid

Cal-(IT)2 Metro Optical

Testbed

Creating Metro, Regional, State, National, and Planetary Optical Networking Laboratories

Seattle

Portland

Caltech

SDSC

NYC

SURFnet, CERN

CANARIE

Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific

AMPATH

TeraGrid

*ANL, UIC, NU, UC, IIT, MREN

AMPATH

Source: Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown

Near Real Time Visual TeraData MiningiGrid 2002 (September 2002 in Amsterdam)

• Visualize Terabyte Data Sets Remotely– Electronic Visualization Laboratory, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago– Laboratory for Advanced Computing, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago

• Requires 10Gbps Lambda• Netherlands Has First Lambda to NSF’s Star Light

www.evl.uic.edu/cavern

Amsterdam Science and Technology Centre

Grid-Intensive Application Control of

Lambda-Switched Networks

Cal-(IT)2 Will Seek to Foster Links Between Art, Technology, & Science

“UCSD ”

Tuning the Grid to Support Networked Performance Art

Lemma 2 by Miller Puckette, Vibeke Sorensen, Rand SteigerPerformed by Steven Schick, Anthony Davis, Vanessa Tomlinson,

Scott Walton, and Mark Danks

Interacting Virtual SpacesSheldon Brown’s “Mi Casa Es Tu Casa”

A Distributed Cyberinfrastructure is Required to Support Science, Art, and Education

Concept: Ruzena Bajscy, CISE NSFSlide: SDSC

NSF Considering Major Funding Initiative in This ArenaSoftware Layered on LambdaGrids

Forecast Growth of Global Internet Users

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mobile Internet

Fixed Internet

Subscribers (millions)

Third Generation Cellular SystemsWill Add Mobility, QoS, and High Speeds

Source: Ericsson

Cal-(IT)2 Is Working on Interoperability of Wireless Internet LAN and WAN

Available Now

6 months

12 months

Wireless WAN

Web Interface to Grid ComputingThe NPACI GridPort Architecture

802.11b Wireless

Interactive Access to:• State of Computer• Job Status• Application Codes

UCSD—Has Been First Beta Test Site for

Qualcomm’s 1xEV Cellular Internet• Optimized for Packet Data Services– Uses a 1.25 MHz channel

– 2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate

– Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family– Can Be Used as Stand-Alone

• Chipsets in Development Support– PacketVideo’s PVPlayer™ MPEG-4– gpsOne™ Global Positioning System– Bluetooth– MP3– MIDI– BREW

Rooftop HDR Access Point

New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development

• Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)– Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets– Middleware Between

– the Application and the Chip System Source Code

– Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) – Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently – Supports Integration of Java™ Applications– Different Model of Security from JAVA

www.qualcomm.com/brew/

Goal: Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device Faced With Heterogeneous Access Network

WLAN GPRS

CDMA CDPD

Internet

(802.11b,a)

(CDMA20001xEV)

Identify Issues Related to Handoff Between WLAN and WWAN Networks

and Implement a Test-bed

Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari ChebrolouUCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2

The FCC Unlicensed Band Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone

• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

• A Cal-(IT)2

Academic Partner

• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

Cal-(IT)2 Plans Environmental SensorNets

• Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development– Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry– Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO

– Later Add CO2, Ozone, NOx

– Partnering with Graviton

• Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites – UCSD Campus– Santa Margarita

– Rapid Prototyping Site– Linked to UCSD via HPWREN

The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges

New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links

Cal-(IT)2 WillDevelop and Install

Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to

Crisis Management Control Rooms

Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

Cal-(IT)2 Wireless Services Middleware: Emerging Pieces

Real-TimeServices

Mobile Code

LocationAwareness

PowerControl Security

Cal-IT2 Wireless Services Interface

UCI WirelessInfrastructures

UCSD WirelessInfrastructures

Cal-IT2 Applications

J. Pasquale, UCSD

Data Management

New Security Issuesin Mobile and Wireless Networks

• Location-based Access Control– If Alice Is in Country P, She Can Do X– If Alice Is in Country Q, She Can Do Y

– GPS? Need Tamper-Resistant Hardware…

• Group-Based or Group-Centric Security– How Can One “Speak” As a Group or a Fraction Thereof?– Admitting New or Expelling Existing Members– Issuing, Re-issuing Credentials

• Secure Commun. in Constantly Changing Groups– Group Needs Common Key: Key Distribution/Agreement– Authentication of Membership

– e.g., Alice Is in This ad Hoc Net Cluster at This Time

Source: Gene Tsudik, UCI

Mobile Code-Based Client-Serverfor the Active Web

• Client Is Extended by Injecting Code Into Internet• Extension Runs at Intermediate Server

– Higher Performance, Greater Reliability– Liberated From Client Device, Bypasses Wireless Link

• Current implementation: Java, JINI

move

communicaterespond

wireless wired

Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project

ActiveCampus: Community Through Place & Technology

• Potential “Disintegration” of Campus Learning Culture– Anticipated Growth of 10,000 Students Over Next 10 Years– Makes Campus “Transparent”

– See Into Departments, Labs, and Libraries

• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Jornada PDAs – Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science and Engineering

• Software Developed– ActiveClass: Student-Teacher Interactions– ActiveCampus: Geolocation and Resource Discovery– Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to Build On

• Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002– Theme: Art, Culture, and Technology

Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabrielle Wienhausen

ActiveCampus Explorer:PDA Roamer / FindMe Interface

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE

ActiveCampus Explorer:Research Topics

• Questions in Computing and Social Science– Security, Wireless Networking, Scalability, HCI– Impacts on Building Community and Learning

• Uses Location, Time, Personal Interests, & Web – Notifies You of Nearby Interesting Activities

– Colleagues, Research, Library Holdings, Concerts…

• Need to Minimize Intrusiveness– Filtering by Personal Interests (AI / Data Mining)

• Digital Graffiti– Posting of Web Content in “Space”– Personal Expression: Identity, Artistic, Political– Community Formation and Dissolution

• Fortuitous Discovery– Ask a Question, Find an Expert– Patterns in Buddy Behavior

– Places, Events, Books, Web Pages

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE

Image Processing /

Analysis

Traffic Data

Parking Lot and Traffic Information

to User

User Submits Destination Parking Lot

Query

Handheld Device

Video Feed of Parking Lot to Server

Wireless Camera

Agents Will Intermediate Between Us and the Grid

UCI Campus Parking and Traffic AgentSharad Mehrotra, UCI

Database Repository

Intelligent TransportationAutonet Vision

• Autonet Concept– Mobile, Ad Hoc, Wireless, Peer-to-Peer Platform– Distributed Sensing, Computation, and Control– Autonomous Distributed Traffic Control– Mobile Autonomous Software Agents– Multi-Level State Estimation/Prediction– Decentralized Databases

• Path to Implementation– UC Irvine’s Institution of Transportation Studies is Lead– Caltrans ATMS Testbed + Cal-(IT)2 = Wireless SensorNet

Testbed– ZEVNET “Living Laboratory”

– 50 Toyota Zero Emission Electric Cars– Add GPS Tracking, Wireless Communications

Source: Will Recker, UCI

Massive Datasets Available to Mobile Devicesin a Biomedical Imaging Research Network

Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD

Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure

Wireless “Pad” Web Interface

Surface Web

NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD

Cal-(IT)2SDSC

Deep Web

DukeUCLA

Cal Tech

Harvard

UCSD

Forming a National-Scale Grid Federating Multi-Scale Neuro-Imaging Data from Centers with High Field MRI and Advanced 3D Microscopes

BIRNBIRN

Integrating Wireless, Sensor and Data-Management Technologies

Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT)2 Partner

A Skin / Wireless RadioHuman Gateway

SkinSkin

Sensors:Sensors:- Physical- Physical- Chemical- Chemical- Biological- Biological

BatteryBattery

Transdermal Patch Transdermal Patch “Smart Band-Aid“Smart Band-Aid®®””

• Patent PendingPatent Pending

AntennaAntenna

CPU/Comm ChipCPU/Comm Chip

Non-Invasive Platform - Smart Band-Aid®

Can Also Link to Invasive Sensors

Source: PhiloMetron

Cal-(IT)2 Plans for Adding Wireless Sensorsto Systems-on-Chip

Memory

Protocol Processors

ProcessorsProcessors DSP

Applications

Sensors

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

EmbeddedSoftware

Radio

Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems

Internet

Ad Hoc Hierarchical Network of Brilliant Sensors

Adding Brilliance to Mobile Clients with a Planetary Supercomputer

• Napster Meets SETI@Home– Globally Distributed Computing & Storage

• Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years– Average Speed Ten Gigaflop– Average Free Storage 100 GB

• Planetary Computer Capacity– 100,000 TetaFLOP Speed– 1 Million TeraByte Storage

Prototyping Early Warning Systems and Disaster Response Systems

• Three Tier System– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories– Collaborative Crisis Management Centers– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases

• Cal-(IT)2 Will Focus on High Performance Grids– Analysis, Collaboration, and Crisis Management– Broadband Wireless Sensornets– Metro Optical Network Testbed

• Build a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory– UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses– San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border– Early Access to HW/SW from Industrial Partners

Web Browser - Portal Interface

Portal Engine User PreferencesState Values

Data Gather

XML HTML

Legacy and Problem Specific Databases, Collections, & Literature

Analysis Tools:- Pattern Recognition- GIS Queries- Data Mining- Multi-Sensor Fusion

Applications:- Epidemiology- Transportation Systems- ...

Common Portal ArchitectureCustomized for Crisis Management

Built on Prior SDSC and NCSA Work