The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Experience from the

The 33rd APHCA Sessionand Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries

Breed improvement scheme model calculation

Experience from the implementation of

three TCPs on genetic improvement

Hans Gerhard Wagner

Senior Animal Production and Health Officer



Why genetic improvement programmes

• Increasing demand of products of animal origin;• Demand met by increased number of animals

and not so much by increased productivity;• Better use of finite of resources land and fodder;• AI service with no bulls of genetic quality.• Reduce greenhouse gas emission per unit of

ouput;• Increased profitability for the farmer



Genetic improvement programmes in APHCA countries

• Mongolia – TCP/MON/3104– Modernizing and upgrading the national animal

breeding programme• Myanmar - TCP/MYN/3201

– Dairy cattle improvement • Nepal – TCP/NEP/ 3105

– Dairy cattle improvement • Sri Lanka – under approval

– Dairy cattle and buffalo improvement



What is the purpose of the PPRS• Proper choice of breeds

• Genetic improvement within breeds

• Bulls for the AI service

• Monitor genetic progress

• Provide quality data for policy maker and extension service

• Assist farmer in their selection and management



Main Components of the TCPs• Establishment of a Pedigree and

Performance Recording Scheme (PPRS)

• Milk analysis

• Central data base

• Genetic analysis for bull dam selection

• Strengthening of AI scheme

• Update of national breeding programme



• The scheme is combining – Importation of genetic progress– Selection withing the breeds in recorded pop.– Quick transfer of progress from recorded to

non recorded pop. by AI – Monitoring the results in order to find out

quickly whether the imported genetic progress is fully showing up (importance of PPRS)



Breeding programme schematic first two years

Total population

Total population

Recorded Population

2500

Top go AI CenterTop go AI CenterAI top imported semen

AI imported semen

Bulls for Natural service

50

Non recorded population



Animal population under recording

Total number of animals Last recording Estimated number of cows

Mongolia 5 900 2 863 3 100

Myanmar 3 618 1 144 1 300

Nepal 3 557 1 623 1 845



Milk yield in kg100 day 150 day 180 day 300 day

MongoliaYieldSt. DeviationN. of animals

771.57356.32

806

1181.19517.05

706

1473.50640.28

468

2185.83704.44

196

MyanmarYield St. DeviationN. of animals

948.90345.15

633

1420.29510.08

603

1689.86600.53

504

2530.31888.10

223

NepalYield St. DeviationN. of animals

1164.78421.89

377

1652.11624.47

324

1925.10692.45

242

2793.121048.41

79

Please note absolute figures do not take into consideration breed, feeding and management



Valuable solids100 150 180 300

MongoliaFat %Protein %Valuable solids

3.153.48

54.20

3.663.47

84.20

3.763.45

106.01

4.123.47

164.66

MyanmarFat %Protein %Valuable solids

4.213.34

71.30

4.293.35

107.87

4.363.36

129.58

4.523.38

197.78

NepalFat t%Protein %Valuable solids

4.133.36

87.15

4.263.35

125.62

4.313.36

147.13

4.483.37

215.76



Experiences during implementation • Field recording

• Milk analysis

• Data management

• AI service

• Costs



Field recording • Selection of recorders• Remuneration of recorders • Completeness and regularity of the data

– No Matings/AI = no paternity of the calf and no link to possible progenity testing

– No birth record no begin of lactation no progeny testing possible!

– Jumping recording may make a lactation not analyzable

• Sample transport to the milk analyis• Data transfer to the data management centre



Milk analysis

• Central oder decentralized

• Payment

• Quality of the samples

• Servicing/calibrating the lactoscans



Data managment • Who does the data entry?

• Timely data entry

• Preprinting of the lists

• Feed back to farmers

• Error check and corrections

• Genetic analysis



AI service • Key to success !!!!• Organization of the field service• Training of farmers and technicians• Lack of liquid nitrogen

• NO AI NO JUSTIFICATION for GENETIC IMPROVEMENT

• Costs



Cost of recording without staff costs at the Data Management Centre

Mongolia Myanmar Nepal

Cost of recording per cow* US$ 6 US$ 4 US$ 9.6

2500 cows under recording US$ 15000 US$ 10000 US$ 24000

Eartags 2000 x US$ 0.5 US$ 1000 US$ 1000 US$ 1000

Consumables paper, stabilizer, printer US$ 2000 US$ 2000 US$ 2000

Depreciation of equipmentLactocscan computer US$ 5000 US$ 5000 US$ 5000

Cost per year US$ 23000 US$ 18000 US$ 32000

Cost per year per cow US$ 9.2 US$ 7.2 US$ 12.8

*Based on actual figuresFor example German Euro 20 - 30 per cow /year. 75% personnel costs



Assumptions

1 Cows Number 100,000

Percentage of cows served by AI Number 30

Number of cows under AI Number 30,000

Number of cows for natural mating Number 70,000

Number of cows served by one bull Number 50

2 Semen doses per pregnancy Number 3.00

3 Cows under performance recording Number 2,500

4 Cost performance recording per cow per year US$ 10

5 Number of semen doses produced per bull per year Number 7,500

6 Years a bull is being used Number 2

7 Planned matings to get one test bull calf Number 5

8 Cost per liter of milk US$ 0.35

9 Cost per doses of semen imported US$ 8.00

10 Cost of raising young bull per testing period US$ 1.00

11 Selection intensity 1:x Number 5

12 Cost of young bull calve US$ 500.00



Requirements

Total Number of semen doses required Number 90,000

Total Number of bulls for natural mating 1,400

Annual replacement required 500

Number of semen doses to be purchased for AI bull Number 450

Number of semen doses to be purchased for NS 10,500

Total Number of bulls required at the AI center Number 12

Number of bulls required for replacement at AI centre 6.00



Costs

Total cost of performance recording US$ 25,000.00

Cost of semen for Ai bull US$ 3,600.00

Cost of semen for production of NS bulls at 20% 16,800.00

Cost for young bulls, purchase, raising, performance testing for growth and conformation US$ 15,030.00

Total cost of scheme US$ 60,430.00

Cost per cow under AI US$ 2.01

Cost per cow under AI in l. milk Liters 6



Public and private good• What can be considered private good and

expected to be paid by the farmers• What incentives can be provided to the farmers

– Reduced AI cost– Premium for raising females– Good prices for bulls and heifers with pedigree

• What can be considered public good to be supported by the Government

• Important role of the AI service



Conclusion

– Projects now well on the way end in December 2009

– Extension up to July 2010 – 2 full lactations

• Major worry– Will countries have the political commitment

and make the financial resources to continue after projects end.

Documents

The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Experience from the