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THE 511 NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY CLASS XII: HOLY SPIRIT AND SPIRITUAL GIFTS IN NT THEOLOGY Slide 2 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY 1.1 Introduction to Holy Spirit in NT theology Less emphasized aspect in NT theology Number of distinct angles to Spirit in NT theology Spirit in relation to God and Son Spirits work in salvation, sanctification, eschatology etc. Spiritual gifts Empowerment, filling, baptism of the Spirit, and moral life Spirit and the church How to synthesize divergent yet similar aspects of the Spirit? Slide 3 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY 2.1 Preliminary aspects of the Spirit in NT Theology Spirit in OT and Judaism Spirit in the OT* Invisible activity of God in power (Jdg 3:10; 6:34; 11:29) Presence in revelation and wisdom (Num 11:25-29; 27:18 Isa 48:16) Eschatological Spirit (Isa 32:15; 61:1-3; Joel 2:28-29; Ezek 37) Spirit of prophecy in Judaism Charismatic revelation and guidance (Sir 48:24; 1 En 91:1) Charismatic wisdom (4 Ez 14:22; Sir 39:6) Inspired charismatic speech, praise (Ant. 4.119; Jub 25:14; 31:12: Philo Spec. 4.49) Source of power and ethical transformation worship (2 Bar 21:4; 23:5; 1QH 7.6-7) Spirit of Messiah (Isa 11:1-2; 1 En 49:2-3; Ps.Sol 17:37; 18:7; 1QSb 5.25) Did Jews believe that charismatic Spirit had withdrawn? (Tosefta Sotah 13.3-4) Spirit of prophecy rare and weak wisdom & Torah eschatological Spirit Slide 4 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Synoptic Gospels and Acts Virgin birth (Lk 1:35) Spirit of prophecy filling, prophecy, revelation, joy (Lk 1-2) Empowering, guidance, baptism of the Spirit (Lk 4:14, 16-18; Mt 4:1) Joy (Lk 10:21); contrasted w/ evil spirits (Lk 11:24-26; 13:11) Revelatory wisdom to the persecuted disciples (Lk 12:12) Promise of the Spirit (Lk 3:15; 11:13; 24:48; Acts 1:4-5) Personal nature of the Spirit Spirit of the Lord [God/Jesus] (5:9; 8:39; 16:7) Spirit speaks/witnesses (2:22; 5:30; 8:29; 10:19; 11:12;13:2; 20:23; 21:11) Lying/testing the Spirit (5:3-4, 9; 15:10) Personalizations of the Spirit Comfort of the Sprit (9:31; Lk 1:35) Spirit from God but given by/through Jesus* Slide 5 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY The gift of the Spirit Jesus receives and gives the Spirit (Lk 1:35; 4:14; Acts 2:33) Verbs about the gift of the Spirit receive (Acts 1:8, 2:33; 8:15-19; 10:47; 19:2) ; pour out (2:17-18, 33; 10:45) give (8:18; 11:17, 15:18); come upon (1:8; 19:6) fall upon (10:45, 11:15); baptize (1:5; 11:16) Spirits role in Acts Connected to conversion and baptism Guides & empowers individuals/church for ministry Marks the new age and admission into Gods people Four main accounts of the coming of the Spirit in Acts Pentecost (2:1-4; cf. 4:31); Samaritans (8:15-19); Cornelius & friends (Acts 10-11); Ephesian twelve (19:1-7) How to understand the coming/filling/baptism of the Spirit? Slide 6 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Making sense of the Spirits role in Acts Acts 1:8 and 2:1-4 fulfillment of Lk 24:49 (& Joel 2:28-29) Reception of the Spirit to mark the last days Communion of the believers with ascended Lord Conversion, empowerment, revelatory knowledge, wisdom, guidance Tongues and prophecy as signs of Spirits working through Jesus* Jews (2:4); [Samaritans (8:14-18)]; gentiles (10:46)**; Ephesian 12 (19:6) Two important questions: Can there be believers in Jesus without the Spirit? (8:14-18; 19:6) Is the Spirit-reception connected to conversion and/or empowerment? Are there two stages in reception of the Sprit in Acts? Conversion-initiation and subsequent Spirit-baptism? Slide 7 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY 1) no formula 2) conversion-initiation 3) Spirit-baptism after conversion Read Acts 8:1-24 Sign-event to confirm the inclusion of Samaritans per apostolic hands Not paradigmatic for current practice Lucan anomaly deficient/incomplete faith of Samaritans Lukes unique pneumatology pastoral concern to remedy anomaly Evidence that Spirit given after conversion (two-stage Spirit reception*) To support doctrine of the two-stage baptism of the Spirit Acts 10:46 gentiles receive the Spirit, Cornelius 1 st gentile?** Read Acts 19:1-7 Evidence for the two-stage Spirit reception delay b/w faith & Spirit *** Lucan anomaly per disciples of John the Baptist & salvation-history Slide 8 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY How does Luke depict salvation reception of the Spirit? Reception of the Spirit at conversion? (2:38-39 [41*]; 9:17-19; 10:44-49) Subsequent to conversion? Should one assume reception of the Spirit at conversion even when it is (a) not mentioned (disciples 19:1; 8:36-38; 16:16, 33; 18:8 etc.) (b) specifically denied (believedSpirit not yet fallen 8:12-16) Spirit-reception as conversion-initiation + empowerment + community life Luke does not have identical pneumatology with Paul Additional questions How should one see the experience of the 12 disciples? In light of Jh 20:22? In what sense participating into Jesus kingdom activities is significant? In what sense should Jesus baptism be seen as a parallel to Acts 2:1-4/1:8? Slide 9 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit in Johns Gospel and Epistles Water symbolism (Jh 3:3-5; 7:37-39; 4:13-4; 6:63) Connection to salvation/new birth; revelatory wisdom/knowledge Spirit as second paraclete (Jh 13-17) Reveals Jesus/truth; presence; teaches; convicts & ethical life Reception of the Spirit in John 20:22 And when He had said this, He breathed on them and said to them, Receive the Holy Spirit. (John 20:22) Actual reception of the Spirit (cf. Gen 2:7; Wisd 15; Philo) Johns Pentecost Symbolic, anticipating Spirits descend at Pentecost (cf. 7:39) Slide 10 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Some questions to consider* Is the ministry of the Paraclete visible in John after 20:22? Teaching, reminding, convicting, revelation of truth etc. (cf. 16:7) Has Jesus been lifted up/fully with Father? (cf. 20:17; 7:39**) Has Jesus departed and Paraclete replaced him (16:7; cf. 20:26-29)*** Week later behind locked doors; later lack comprehension (20:26-29; 21:1-23) Did John know of the Pentecost experience as an event (Acts 2)? Two-stage giving of the Spirit (20:22 and Acts 2) Salvation-historical anomaly, not paradigmatic for present Theologically one gift of the Spirit, two chronological foci (1996: 99) Ascension now complete so no need to repeat the event [Spirit as mark of ownership and true confession (1 John 3:24; 4:13) True Christology vs. antichrist Spirit of truth/falsehood (4:1-6) Teaching/guiding/discernment function of the Spirit] Slide 11 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit in Pauls Epistles Spirit possession as mark of every true believer (1Cor 15:45; Rom 8:16) Confession Jesus is Lord through the Spirit (1 Cor 12:1-2) Indwells believer (Rom 8:9-11; Gal 4:6) in Christ/in Adam Psychikos vs. pneumatikos (1 Cor 2:14-15; cf. 15:44-6) Empowers proclamation (1 Cor 2:4; Rom 15:18-19) New covenant gift letter-Spirit contrast (2 Cor 3:6) Revelatory wisdom, life, righteousness, freedom, beholding the Lord (3:6, 9, 17) Enables transformation and moral life (Rom 8:13-14; Gal 5:16) Washing, sanctification, justification (1Cor 6:9-11; 2 Cor 3:16) Spirits transforming power not automatic spiritual battle Slide 12 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY 1 st fruits of the age to come & guarantee of resurrection (Rom 8:23; 1 Cor 15:42-45; 2 Cor 1:22; 5:5; Eph 1:4)* Spiritual gifts presuppose Jesus is Lord (1Cor 12) Various Sprit-infused gifts (1 Cor 12-14; Rom 12) Revelatory function of the Spirit (1 Cor 2:10-15; 12:8) No clear distinction b/w supernatural and natural gifts Spirit of God/Christ (Rom 8:9-11; Phil 1:19) Spirit now related to Christ (cf. OT Spirit of YHWH) Father, Son, Sprit (2 Cor 13:12-14; Eph 1:1-10; 4:4-6) Trinitarian traces (1 Cor 12:1-4) Spirit as an eschatological gift in fulfillment of OT now as first fruit and finally as full revelation of God and Christ Slide 13 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit baptism and Paul 13 For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit. (1 Cor 12:13) Does this passage talk about two-stage Spirit reception? Is this two separate events or one event by use of parallelism? If two events, does it indicate two theologically distinct events?* Spirit is the key to all, beginning and continuing, aspects of Christian life Slide 14 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit in Hebrews Less emphasis what is hinted/presupposed of Spirits work? Christ offered himself through eternal S/spirit (9:14) Spirits empowerment or eternal/Gods principle share in the HS (6:4) Spirit connected to salvation & power Heavenly gift, good word, and powers of the age to come God testified salvation through signs, miracles, wondersgifts of the Holy Spirit (2:1-4) Insulting the Spirit of grace (10:29) Spirit as the source of grace Slide 15 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit in 1 Peter* Trinitarian traces divine economy of Father, Son, Spirit Sanctifying work of the Spirit to obey Christ (1:2) OT prophets and prophecy Spirit of Christ (1:10-12) Preaching through the Spirit (1:12) Gift of the Spirit granted to Christ after exaltation (3:22) Spirit of glory & persecuted believers connected to blessed (4:14) Made alive by Spirit (3:18) reference to Christ resurrection Slide 16 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY James, 2 Peter and Jude James wisdom replaces Spirit (cf. intertestamental ideas) jealously desires for the Spiritin us (4:5) Gods Spirit or human spirit? (Cf. Lk 11:13; Gal 5:22-23) 2 Peter OT prophecy and Scripture (2 Pet 1:21) Jude false teachers devoid of Spirit and prayer in Spirit (20-21) Slide 17 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit in Revelation John in the Spirit (1:10, 4:2, 17:3, 21:10) Sprit connected to Gods revelatory activity Spirit speaks to churches (2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22) Risen Christs immediate message through the Spirit let him hearSpirit to churches perception of Spirits voice Blesseddie in the LordYes, says the Spirit (14:13) Unclean spirits as a contrast to the Holy Spirit (16:13-14; 18:2) Grace and peace from the seven spirits [=HS] (1:4-5) Angels do not occupy the throne and cannot be worshipped (4:5; 5:6; cf. 22:8-9 ) Testimony of JesusS/spirit of prophecy (19:10) Invitation of the Spirit to Jesus for life (22:17) Slide 18 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Some preliminary conclusions of the Spirit in NT Spirit stands in close relation to the Father and Son New covenant Spirit/Paraclete as fulfillment of OT Eschatological Spirit now poured already-not-yet Personal aspects of the Spirit Spirit is important for conversion New birth/creation by Spirit-infused insight On-going life of the individual and congregation Transformation and moral life Testimony, preaching, boldness Spiritual gifts, charismatic praise, joy, spiritual insight Filling, guidance, empowerment for church and individuals Slide 19 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY 2.2 Filling/baptism of the Spirit Present-day views Cessationist view - historic protestant churches Spirits activity relegated to the time of the apostles Conversion-initiation view evangelical Reception of Spirit at conversion subsequent fillings Various degrees of charismatic manifestations for today* Charismatic Catholic, Protestant churches, some new charismatics Two-stage view classical Pentecostalism Two theologically separate stages/events Spirit received at conversion and Spirit-baptism as second blessing for empowerment to ministry and closer intimacy w/ Lord Slide 20 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Key Scriptures and interpretative options in the debate Cessationist debate - Is the Bible to teleion? (1 Cor 13:10) Preliminary question (1Cor 13:8-12; Heb 2:2-4) Importance of terminology filling, baptism etc. Interpretation of Acts 2; 8; 10; 19 Relationship of Acts to John 20:22 Interpretation of John 20:22 Interpretation of 1 Cor 12-14, esp. 12:13 and connection to Acts Theological synthesis of the sections into coherent formulation Slide 21 HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit and miracles today Esp. https://youtu.be/LYBnJF2P_WQ (24:45ff.)https://youtu.be/LYBnJF2P_WQ