The ABC’s of VRF: A Green HVAC Technology An Ideal … ABC’s of VRF: A Green HVAC Technology An Ideal Green School Solution Presented by: Fujitsu General America, Inc

The ABC’s of VRF: A Green HVAC Technology

An Ideal Green School Solution

Presented by:

Fujitsu General America, Inc.

What to look for in a Green HVAC solution? What if your HVAC system could provide • Individual temperature controlled spaces • Simultaneous heating and cooling • Better comfort to occupants • Up to 30% Energy Savings

What if you could do all of this with a single system?

• An investment in a Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System is an investment in your community.

• VRF is more efficient than conventional systems, providing financial savings to the school for many years.

• This state-of-the-art technology has the ability to save up to 30% on energy bills.

• Provides schools with year-round comfort, and can also provide the fresh air necessary for student health and “library” quiet operation for improved productivity.

VRF is… • Modular – Add outdoor

units to meet load. Add capacity as budget allows. Easily install in phases.

• Scalable – from as little as six-tons to hundreds of tons

• Zoned – built in zoning allows you to condition spaces at different temperatures at the same time. Condition only the space you are using at a given time

VRF is… • Centrally Controlled –

Control all independent temperature zones from a single location in addition to local control.

• Advanced Scheduled - Maximize your efficiency by applying scheduling based on changing occupancy and use

• Remotely Monitored – Monitor system operation and maintenance remotely

• Energy Savings Managed - Apply a variety of demand response solutions

• Healthier Facility • VRF systems can be integrated with fresh air

systems to ensure that air quality meets the needs of the teachers and students.

• Central Control • Powerful central control can monitor and control

individual schools, or an entire college campus, from a single location.

• Energy Savings Management • Available advanced scheduling and remote

monitoring provides convenient management of energy savings.

• Zoning

• Save energy by only heating or cooling the classrooms that are occupied. Set temperature can be pre-programmed to meet the energy budget for the school district.

• Comfort • VRF helps achieve a healthier, quieter, more

comfortable and productive learning environment. VRF HVAC system (as quiet as19 dB) creates a much better learning environment for students.

Fujitsu Energy Modeling Study Energy Modeling • Energy modeling helps building designers, engineers,

and other professionals identify a cost effective solution intended to cut annual utility costs.

• Fujitsu’s case study looks at the energy consumption impact of the VRF system relative to three typical “base-case” HVAC systems: four pipe, water source heat pump (WSHP), and variable air volume (VAV).

• The study details the building type, location, and materials used in the building construction with the purposes of estimating the building energy usage, HVAC equipment energy consumption, annual operating cost for the building and VRF equipment.

Fujitsu Energy Modeling Study The Software • The EnergyPro™ Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heat

Pump computer model is a building energy performance modeling software with a built-in manufacturer’s performance data algorithm.

• EnergyPro™ calculates the heating and cooling load required to provide comfortable climate environment in the space.

• The software performs hourly energy analysis and simulates the energy conditions of a building.

• These simulated conditions are compared to baseline building that is in compliance with Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations for building construction or ASHRAE 90.1 standards.

Fujitsu Energy Modeling Study Fujitsu’s Design & Technical Manual • Provides the VRF equipment performance data to

determine the VRF system delivered capacity and power consumption, which will vary depending on refrigerant pipe lengths, indoor and outdoor conditions, variable speed compressor, and indoor unit rated capacity relative to the total outdoor unit rated capacity.

Fujitsu Energy Modeling Study Energy Modeling - Airstage VRF • For the school, a Fujitsu Airstage heat recovery system

was used with ceiling mounted air handling units to condition each zone.

• Each classroom was an individual zone and had its own temperature controller.

• Eleven refrigerant systems, operating on a single communication network, were modeled.

• A dedicated outside air unit was provided 26,000 cfm of outside air.

Fujitsu Energy Modeling Study Energy Modeling - Four-Pipe • The school was modeled using a chiller and boiler

serving four-pipe fan coil units. • A water-cooled screw chiller with an efficiency of 0.616

kw/ton was used. • The chiller was connected to a two-speed cooling tower

with two circulating pumps. • A condensing boiler with an

efficiency of 91.5% provided hot water for the fan coil units.

• The outside air was conditioned by the fan coil units. A single fan coil unit was installed in each zone.

Fujitsu Energy Modeling Study Energy Modeling - Water Source Heat Pump • The school was modeled using water-source heat

pumps with a 15.4 EER and a 4.7 COP (Coefficient of Performance).

• This system was served by a two-speed cooling tower using two pumps to circulate the water.

• A condensing boiler was attached to the water loop to provide additional heat when necessary.

• The heat pumps also conditioned the outside air.

Fujitsu Energy Modeling Study Energy Modeling - Variable Air Volume (VAV) • The school was modeled with a gas-fired hot-water

boiler and a packaged VAV system with one rooftop packaged unit with an efficiency of 9.5 EER.

• The VAV system handled both space conditioning and conditioned the outside air.

• Each classroom had one VAV box with a hot water reheat coil.

Up to 30%

Up to 29%

Up to 19%

The California Clean Energy Jobs Act (Proposition 39)

• The California Clean Energy Jobs Act (Prop. 39) changed the corporate income tax code and allocates projected revenue to California's General Fund and the Clean Energy Job Creation Fund for five fiscal years, beginning with fiscal year 2013-14.

• Under the initiative, roughly up to $550 million annually is available for appropriation by the Legislature for eligible projects to improve energy efficiency and expand clean energy generation in schools.

• Eligible local educational agencies (LEAs) — including county offices of education, school districts, charter schools and state special schools—can request funding by submitting an energy expenditure plan application to the California Energy Commission.

• For the first year, there is an option to receive part or all of a school's allocation for energy savings planning purposes. The Energy Commission approves plans and works with the California Department of Education, which subsequently distributes funds after plans have been approved.

• The Energy Commission is committed to helping applicants through the process. Tools and resources on this page are designed to help expedite filing an application for approval. New materials and updates will be posted as they are available.

• Efficiency from careful project Design

• Our team works to understand building usage

• Apply correct systems to meet needs

Fujitsu Airstage Serving Schools Globally

Examples include

• USA

• China

• Australia

• Poland

• Oman

Pike’s County High School Gymnasium,

Georgia

3 6 Flexibility

SCHOOL

SCHOOL

SCHOOL

Fujitsu General America Inc.

© 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc.

© 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc. All Rights Reserved – No photography or reproduction without written consent

What is VRF?



VRF Is Commercial Air Conditioning

What is VRF?

• Total Building Comfort Solution

• Zoning System • Complete Controls Solution • Efficient Inverter Driven Compressors

• High partial-load efficiency • Easy System Installation

Variable Refrigerant Flow

31

What is Heat A Recovery System ?

Suitable for buildings where

cooling & heating loads coexist

A Variable Refrigerant Flow System With Simultaneous Heating & Cooling Operation



Multiple Indoor Units with Grouped Outdoor Units

What Is Fujitsu VRF? © 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc.



VRF is The Future of

Commercial Heating and Air Conditioning




Global Ductless Market

34

In North America, Ductless is less than 6%

of US HVAC Market *

Window Unitary Chillers Moveable Ductless

Japan 90%

China 86%

Europe 81%

* In 2015, North American VRF sales are expected to exceed $500 million per year.


© 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc. All Rights Reserved – No photography or reproduction without written consent 35

VRF Efficiency



Energy Efficiency

36

HVAC Consumes 42% Of A Buildings Energy Usage

42%

38%

11% 3% 1% 5%

Total Energy Use

HVAC User Side Electricity Structure & Insulation Windows Technical Equipment Interior Design

HVAC



Energy Efficiency

37

80%

15% 5% 5%

Life Cycle

Planning Construction Operation End of life

・Operation cost is 80% of total life cycle cost

Building life cycle cost

Greatest Concern for a Building Owner



Green Engineering




Energy Savings

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design



Energy Savings

40

• VRF can achieve up to 21 points • Energy and Atmosphere • VRF can achieve up to 7 points • Indoor Environmental Quality

LEED Modeling Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

LEED® Green Building Rating System™ The LEED green building certification system is the preeminent program for rating the design, construction and operation of green buildings. usgbc.org

LEED NC 3.0

Certified: 40-49 points

Silver: 50-59 points

Gold: 60-79 points

Platinum: 80+ points

http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19



Airstage Efficiency

Highest Average IEER Efficiency Ratings in the Industry

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

6 Ton 8 Ton 10 Ton 12 Ton 14 Ton 16 Ton 18 Ton 20 Ton 22 Ton 24 Ton

20.0 20.2 20.1 20.4 20.0 20.5 19.2 20.2 20.1 20.1

IEER

Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER)

Fujitsu D M



Airstage Efficiency

Highest Average SCHE Efficiency Ratings in the Industry

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

6 Ton 8 Ton 10 Ton 12 Ton 14 Ton 16 Ton 18 Ton 20 Ton 22 Ton 24 Ton

24.0 25.5 25.8

22.2 22.0

25.0 25.2 23.7

22.0 22.0

SCH

E

Simultaneous Cooling & Heating Efficiency (SCHE)

Fujitsu D

M



Outdoor Units

Selection & Features



Outdoor Units

Multiple Refrigeration System Control 400 Total Refrigerant Systems

Offers zoned comfort control based on space load and or tenant space usage.

The ability to control up to 400 outdoor units for a total capacity of:

3,200 tons

Possible Combinations (tons) Capacity 6 8 12 14 16 18 20 22 24



Hi-Tech Compressor Operation Logic

- Fujitsu created an innovative compressor operation sequence

① Provides equal compressor duty

② Results in high system durability

Compressor Rotation Sequence

Run command

Stop command

Run command(rotation execute)

Stop command

Oil recovery command

(rotation execute)Note: Fujitsu Airstage factory training provides complete details on system operation and function.

“Lead – Lag” operation



Single Twin Rotary Compressor

• Competition uses scroll compressors

• Some competitors use multiple compressors

• One variable and one fixed

• Makes condenser more expensive

• Using older design technology

• Equipment weighs more

• Compressor weight

• Oil separators, additional piping

• Twin rotary more efficient than scroll

• Up to 7% Better COP

The Compressor



The Compressor

Over compression loss at part load operation (For scroll compressor) Under compression loss at

high load operation (For scroll compressor)

Improved rotary comp. efficiency 7% (against scroll compressor)



The Condenser

Unique 4-Face Condenser Coil Design Increased Air Intake

Higher Capacity Coil

Front air flow capability

Allows units to be spaced closer together

Increased heat transfer capacity 5%

AIR INTAKE



Refrigeration Cycle is highly protected under all circumstances

2. High Temperature Protection

1. High & Low Pressures Protection

3. Overload Protection

● High Pressure Sensor (HPS) ● High Pressure Switch (HPSw) ● Low Pressure Sensor (LPS)

● Discharge Temperature Sensor (DTS) ● Compressor Temperature Sensor (CTS)

● Current Sensor (CS) for Inverter Compressor

Hi-Tech Refrigeration Cycle Protection

Outdoor Unit

LPSINVUnit

HPS

HPSw

INV

ACMACM(20L)

HEX SCHEX

STS

CTS

DTSCS

Results in: High Cycle Reliability



Indoor Units



Indoor units

Type

Capacity

Cassette Duct Floor Ceiling Wall Mounted

Compact Cassette

Cassette

Slim Duct

Medium static

pressure

High static pressure Floor

Slim Concealed

Floor Ceiling Wall Mounted

(kBtu/h)

7.5

9.5

12.0

14.0

18.0

24.0

30.0

36.0

48.0

60.0

A wide variety of Indoor units helps for better system design ( 9 Types, 33 Models, Capacity range from 7.5kBtu/h to 60kBtu/h)


© 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc. © 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc. All Rights Reserved – No photography or reproduction without written consent

Ceiling Cassette

Wall Mounted

Slim Duct (Two Sizes) ( One size) (One Size)

(One Size) (One Size)

(Two Sizes)

Model: 7.5 / 9.5 / 12 / 14 / 18 / 24

Model : 7.5 / 9.5 / 12 / 14 / 18

Floor / Ceiling Ceiling (One Size) (One Size)

Model : 30 / 36

Model: 24 / 30 / 36

Model : 12 / 14 / 18 / 24

Model : 18 / 24

Model : 36 / 48 / 60

Model : 18 / 24 / 30 / 36

Model: 7.5 / 9.5 / 12 / 14

Similar Indoor Unit Line-up



Installation Flexibility




Why a VRF System?

・Installation Advantages VRF systems are light weight & modular. Easily transported by

elevator.

・Design Flexibility A single condensing unit can be connected to many indoor

units of varying capacity & configuration

・Ease of Commissioning It is nearly plug-and-play by design.

・Comfort Many zones are possible, each with individual set point control

・Energy Efficiency Inverter variable speed compressor provides system capacity

modulation based on the demand from individual zones providing high part-load efficiency. DC Sine Wave

Variable Speed DC Inverter Compressor

Fits In A Small Elevator



HR Outdoor Unit Line up

55

6Ton : AOUA72*LBV 8Ton : AOUA96*LBV

Two different size outdoor units are used to create 3 base capacity systems.

10Ton : AOUA120*LBV

66-9

/16

(169

0)

66-9

/16

(169

0)



System Design Considerations ● VRF System Design Refrigerant has highest heat transfer capability




● Chiller System Design Lower heat transfer capability




● Chiller System Design Lower heat transfer capability

● VAV (Variable Air Volume) System Design Very low heat transfer capability



VRF Benefits

What does it take to deliver 20 tons of Cooling? 30 Inch Supply Duct & Return 2 ½ Inch Pipe

Chilled Water Air



VRF Benefits

What does it take to deliver 20 tons of Cooling? 30 Inch Supply Duct & Return 2 ½ Inch Pipe 1-1/8 Inch Pipe

Chilled Water Air

Advantage



VRF Benefits

Heat Transfer Capability Comparison 30 Inch Supply Duct & Return 2 ½ Inch Pipe 1-1/8 Inch Pipe

Chilled Water Air

VRF Advantage

0.14 Watts / lb. Heat Transfer Capability

2.6 Watts / lb.

25 Watts / lb.



FGL D M

.322 in.WG (80Pa)

0.315 in.WG (78.4Pa)

0.241 in.WG (60Pa)

- Allows outdoor units to be installed in balcony of high rise building

Outdoor Unit

Duct

High Static Outdoor Fan

Possible to Connect longer discharge duct



Unit Placement

Evaluation of Discharge Air Flow by CFD Tool (In case of multiple outdoor unit installation)



Quiet Operation




100 0 50 40 20 30 60 70 10 80 90

How LOUD Is A Traditional HVAC Unit?

33 dB(A) Library

50 dB(A) Refrigerator

60 dB(A) Conversation

78 dB(A) Vacuum 25 dB(A)

Recording Studio

65-75 dB(A)

Residential 3-ton Unit

Compare Ductless Sound Levels

50-60 dB(A)

PTAC Unit

90 dB(A) Motorcycle

Indoor Unit Ducted Unit Commercial Outdoor Unit

100 dB(A) Hand Drill

70 dB(A) Busy Traffic

40 dB(A) Quiet Home

75-85 dB(A)

Air-Cooled Chiller

Residential Outdoor Unit

Quiet Operation

As low as 23 dB(A)

As low as 61 dB(A)

As low as 46 dB(A)

As high as 57 dB(A)

As low as 19 dB(A)

Quiet

Loud

Preliminary



Understanding Diversity



Diversity – Solar Gain



Diversity – People Load



Diversity – Use of Space



Heat Recovery Fundamentals




System Piping

Hot Gas

Liquid Cool Vapor

Cold Vapor or Hot Gas

Known as a 3 pipe system

EEV Internal Changes



System Piping

Hot Gas

Liquid Cool Vapor

Cold Vapor or Hot Gas

3 pipes from OD unit to RBU*

Known as a 3 pipe system

2 pipes from RBU to Indoor Unit

EEV Internal Changes

Flow changes based on solenoid valves in RBU Boxes - Not Reversing Valve

*Liquid line bypasses small RBU units (saving 2 connections)



Refrigerant Branch Units

The ability of a Heat Recovery System to operate in both heating and cooling at the same time, requires switching of the hot gas and the cold liquid.

This work is done by the Refrigerant Branch Unit (RBU)



Installation Freedom

74

◆ Control box can be repositioned on the top of single RBU unit

Control box

FGL Only

Installation Example

For single type RB Unit ONLY



Installation Limitations




*164 Ft. max.

Height difference between outdoor and indoor units

49 Ft.

Height difference between indoor Units Maximum

Heat Pump Piping Installation Flexibility

Heat Pump: 492 ft. max. Heat Recovery: 541 ft. max

Refrigerant System Pipe Length, Outdoor Unit to furthest indoor unit

196 Ft. max.

Pipe lengths from first separation tube to

the farthest indoor unit

Overall Total pipe length

3,280 Ft. max.

Long Pipe length

*When outdoor unit is lower than indoor, maximum height difference is reduced to 131 feet



Transmission Wiring Design

Serial connection saves Wiring cost and Installation time

Wiring length up to 11,811ft (3,600m) max.

Parallel connection Serial connection

◆ Both parallel & serial wiring are possible

：Transmission Line

Note: Serial Connection - MANUAL ADDRESSING ONLY - (can’t use automatic address setting in a multiple refrigerant system)



Multiple Indoor Units with Grouped Outdoor Units

Variable Refrigerant Flow System

What Is VRF?




Connectable indoor unit capacity

Up to 130%

Number of connectible indoor units

up to 45 units

Wide variety of indoor units

9 Styles, 33 Indoor units

Capacities from 6 to 24 Tons in one refrigeration system.

Note : when indoor unit connected capacity is greater than 100%, individual indoor units will operate at a lower capacity when more capacity is required.

Various combinations 1 Preliminary





Up to 130%

Number of connectible indoor units

up to 45 units



Various combinations 1a Preliminary



Wide variety of indoor units Wide variety of indoor units






Up to 130% Number of connectible indoor units

up to 45 units





Various combinations Preliminary

up to 45 units



Maximum on each refrigerant system



Heat Pump Connectable Capacity



up to 45 units





Various combinations – Heat Pump

up to 45 units






Heat Recovery Connectable Capacity



up to 45 units





Various combinations – Heat Recovery

up to 45 units






Heat Pump Temperature Operation Range

Cooling

5°F* range

Heating

115°F

-4°F Operation possible

in heating

range 5°F*

70°F

-4°F Operation possible

in cooling

Installation in a wide range of design temperature conditions.

°F = FDB

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

-20

Preliminary

*Units combined in one refrigeration system changes low temperature operation range to 23° f



Heat Recovery Temperature Operation Range

◆

-4 F (-20℃)

14 F (-10℃)

115 F (46℃)

(Cooling)

(Heating)

- Allows use in a wide temperature range from -4 F heating to 115 F cooling

(Cooling & Heating)

70 F (21℃)

122

104

86

68

50

32

14

-4

50

40

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

(℃) ( F)

70 F (21℃)

14 F (-10℃)



Controls




A wide range of individual and group system controls

Touch Panel Controller

Central Remote Control

System Controller Lite System Controller

Web Monitoring Service Tool

BACnet Gateway

Network Converter Signal Amplifier LonWorks Converter

External Switch Controller

Wired Remote Controls

Simple Wired Remotes

Wireless Remote Controls

Controls

Touch Screen Remote Controls



Controls Line up

Same control line up as V-II + New Touch Screen and System Controller Lite

CONTROLLER

INDIVIDUAL CONTROL CENTRAL CONTROL

WIRELESS RC

SIMPLE RC

WIRED RC CENTRAL

RC

TOUCH PANEL

CONTROLLER

SYSTEM CONTROLLER LITE

Remote access / Electricity charge apportionment /

Energy saving option

SYSTEM CONTROLLER

Energy Manager Option

3-WIRE 2-WIRE

Touch Panel

Max. controllable

RC group 1 100 400 400 1600

Max. controllable

Indoor Units

16 100 400 400 1600

PC field supplied

NEW

PC field supplied

NEW



Central Control System Controller Touch panel controller

Controllable Systems: • 1600 Indoor Units • 400 Outdoor Units


Central Remote Controller


Individual Control Options: • Simple • Wireless • Wired • Multiple remote capable



Individual Wired Remote Controller

UTY-RNRU (Non Polar 2-wire)

User Friendly Design

Convenient Function

Energy Saving Function

Individual Wired RC (Touch Panel)

Simplified Installation

Easy Maintenance Function

Compatibility

Presentation Contents:

Restriction



User Friendly Control System

Touch Panel Controller Installer setting Flexible grouping

Schedule control Password setting

Preliminary



User friendly Controls

Monitor mode (Building)

System Controller Monitor Mode (Site) Electrical Utility

Billing Calculation

System Scheduling System Monitoring (List)

3D View Exclusive To Fujitsu!

Preliminary



User Friendly Controls

System Controller

Max. controllable

4 VRF system

Max. controllable

400 outdoor units

Max. controllable

1,600 indoor units

By using client software, one PC can perform central control and web control of 10 VRF system sites with max. 20 buildings per site.

On site control Remote central control

Server Server

Server

Server

Max. 4 network system per site Controlled sites of up to 10

11,811 ft.



VRF system building

VRF system site VRF system site Monitoring site

VRF system building

Web Monitoring Tool UTY-AMGX

Service Tool UTY-ASGX

Remote monitoring

Monitoring via Web Browser

System set-up, Commisioning and Service on site

Operation , Control and Service

+ Monitoring at VRF system site

Building System Control and Operation

USB connection anywhere in system

Off Site & Onsite On Site



Controls & IO Overview



Control System & Integration Examples

Remote Monitoring

Window Card Key Ventilator

Human Sensor

Meeting Room Break Room Hotel Room

Touch Panel Controller

Lighting SW Ventilator


Fire Sensor

System Controller



Control Integration w/ Building Management


Group A Group B Group C Group D

Max. controllable 100 indoor units

Max.16 groups controlled

: External Input / Output : Lon network

: Module Link

Connection with the VRF V-Ⅱ System

Network Convertor

: Remote controller cable

Single



Electric Metering Capable

Option of metering electrical usage Managing system output based on usage for peak energy savings. And More!




© 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc. © 2013 Fujitsu General America Inc. All Rights Reserved – No photography or reproduction without written consent

Design Simulator Software

Easy Equipment Selection • Complete Selection Output • Reliable Project Management

Design Simulator Simplifies the design process to ensure a successful installation.



Service Tool Detail

101



VRF Economizer



Cooling capacity: High/Low Information is sent

Example 1 :This function provides the efficient and the energy-saving air conditioning by using Economizer and VRF system.

Information from the remote controller ( Occupied / Unoccupied)

Information from the remote controller ( Occupied / Unoccupied)

Cooling operation: On information is sent

System using Economizer input function -



Function setting

System using Economizer input function -


105

Summary Fujitsu AirStage VRF Provides 1. Simple Space Saving Installations 2. Very High Energy Efficiencies 3. LEED Points For Green Jobs 4. Cost Effective Alternative 5. A Wide Range Of Energy Management Options 6. System Wide Diagnostic Capabilities 7. Complete Controls Solutions 8. Comfortable And Quiet Building Spaces


Thank You

Let Fujitsu Airstage VRF products be the

Key to your Green School!

Documents

The ABC’s of VRF: A Green HVAC Technology An Ideal … ABC’s of VRF: A Green HVAC Technology An Ideal Green School Solution Presented by: Fujitsu General America, Inc