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• Napoleon built and lost an empire
• Nationalism spread as a result of the French Revolution
• Napoleon was exiled first to Elba, and then to St. Helena where he died
What to know......
Early Life
Born 1763 in Corsica - Father was a lawyer (3rd estate)
-attended military school
Military Success
quick rise through military ranks
Consul & Emporer consulate after coup d’etat
Napoleon had control...appointed bureaucracycontrolled armsconducted foreign affairsinfluenced legislature1804=crowned himself emperor
Peace with the Church
-Napoleon accepts Catholicism as majority religion in France
-Pope agrees to discard land lost during the Revolution
-Pope will crown NB as Emperor
Codification of Laws
Napoleonic Code: single law code for nation (these are the rights the 3rd estate wanted from the revolution)
-equality for all before the law
-ability to choose profession - protection of property
-religious toleration
New Bureaucracy -Merit based positions (not by status or nobility, but who was best for a job)
-3,263 new nobles from middle class
Building an Empire
1799 – at war with G.B., Austria, Prussia, Sweden, & Russia
1) DEFEAT = Austria, Prussia, Russia
Creates a European Order
3 parts:
-French Empire (expanded France)
-Dependent States (ruled by NB family)
-Allied States (part of the Empire)
Napoleon Success
Brings Revolution Ideas to France (Napoleonic Code)
Returns Religion to France (peace with the Pope)
Gives the people of France pride (nationalism;the center of an empire)
Establishes a functioning Bureaucracy (people get jobs based on skill, not who they are)
The master of Europe
• Napoleon the general and the emperor have had a great deal of success
• This success begins to lead to the downfall of the man and the empire.....
Britain’s Survival
NB wants Britain to be the jewel in the crown of the French empire
Britain's Naval Power is the strongest on Earth
@Battle of Trafalgar (1805) GB pushes the French back
NB then tries a Continental System to stop British trade
+FAILED+
Napoleon’s first problem
Nationalism - extreme devotion, pride, & loyalty to one's nation; patriotism.
-France tried to press these ideas on conquered nations of the French empire
-The other countries of the empire do not LOVE France
-Tried to show conquered nations what nationalism could accomplish (leads to a backlash)
everyone else bans together AGAINST NB
Napoleon’s second problem
Disaster in Russia
Russia refused Continental System
June 1812 – 600,000 troops
Burning Retreat
-French = no food
Moscow Burned
-Great Retreat
*40,000 return
*other states rise up against Napoleon
Napoleon exiled to Elba
Louis XVIII (brother) of old king
placed in power as ruler of France
Weak ruler who lacked support (not many
people liked him)
Napoleon returns (sneaks) to France
Army sent to arrest Napoleon
Wins over the Army
-returns to Paris triumphantly