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The Agricultural The Agricultural Revolution and the Revolution and the
Start of the Industrial Start of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution
What’s wrong with this What’s wrong with this field?field?
Disadvantages of the Disadvantages of the old systemold system
Field left fallowPeople have to walk over your strips to reach theirs
No proper drainage
Animals can trample crops and spread disease
Difficult to take advantage of new farming techniques
Because land in different fields takes time to get to each field
No hedges or fences
Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Medieval FarmingMedieval Farming
Crop rotationCrop rotation
In medieval times peasant farmers used a 3-field system. Field One: Wheat/Rye Field Two: Barley/Oats Field Three: Empty
an inefficient system that barely produced enough
Peasants relied on gleanings or leftover grain for food
Starting in the 1600’s farmers used the 3rd field to grow new crops (turnips/clover)
Crop RotationCrop Rotation
new crops
Increased food for animals
Nourished the soil
More animals meant more fertilizer
more food
Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution EnclosuresEnclosures Large landowners began
buying up (or just taking) smaller land holdings
broke up large unfenced common areas into smaller fenced-in plots.
Once the land was enclosed the owner could farm any way he liked. Introduced new farming
techniques Drastically increased
production Many peasants were left
without land They headed to the cities to
look for work
Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Seed DrillSeed Drill
only allowed the fittest and strongest of their cattle, sheep, pigs and horses to mate.
Led to bigger or stronger animals
Horse drawn device Planted evenly spaced
seeds at a consistent depth then covered them with soil.
Allowed the soil to absorb more air and water
Seed Drill invented by this Jethro Tull
Not this Jethro Tull
Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Results Results the better off farmers and
landowners gained the most
People who had no written proof of ownership lost their land altogether.
others couldn’t afford to pay for fences and had to sell their land.
These people either became laborers or headed for the towns and cities.
Revolution leads to Revolution leads to RevolutionRevolution
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution The Agricultural The Agricultural Revolution led to a huge Revolution led to a huge Population Shift in Population Shift in Europe.Europe.
This shift contributed to This shift contributed to the start of the the start of the Industrial Revolution.Industrial Revolution.
The I.R. took place The I.R. took place during the 1700’s in during the 1700’s in Europe and was a time Europe and was a time of major improvements of major improvements in industry and in industry and manufacturing.manufacturing.
Quick Write 27Quick Write 27The agricultural revolution leads to
two major changes in England: An increasing population People moving from the country to
towns and citiesWhat are some effects these two
changes couldhave on European societies?What effect does an increasing
population have on our world today?