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The Agriculture of New Zealand. Images from powerpoint clipart. Geography. Group of islands located in South Pacific Ocean Predominantly mountainous terrain Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0m Highest point: Mount Cook 3764m Temperate climate with sharp regional contrasts. People. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Agriculture of New Zealand
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Geography
• Group of islands located in South Pacific Ocean
• Predominantly mountainous terrain
• Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0m
• Highest point: Mount Cook 3764m
• Temperate climate with sharp regional contrasts
People
• Population: 4 million– 0-14 years: 22%– 15-64 years: 66%– 64 years+: 12%
• Population growth rate: 1.09%
• Life expectancy: 78 years
History
• Polynesian Maori arrived around AD800
• Ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria in 1840
• Land wars between 1843-1872 ended with defeat of native peoples
• Became independent dominion in 1907
Wildlife
• No native mammals apart from bats and marine mammals
• Virtually all the native insects are found nowhere else
• Unique species of birds include kiwi, kakapo and weka
• Seven penguin species
West-facing… wet!
East… dry!
Till
Glacier Ice
Glaciers in Action
Glaciers in Action
Glacial Flour!
Glacial Outwash
New Zealand Streams
New Zealand Streams
New Zealand Caves
Origin of Limestone
Raw ingredient of limestone is…Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3), which forms in seas in a variety of ways.
“Dirt is good!”
•Carbonic acid(H2CO3)
– CO2 (g) CO2 (aq)
– CO2(ag) + H2O
– H2CO3 H+ + HCO3
-
New Zealand Caves
New Zealand Caves
New Zealand Caves
New Zealand… a little bit of everything.
Questions to Remember!
2. What is New Zealand’s top agricultural exporter in terms of bringing home the money?
3. Why are the kiwifruit again being renamed by New Zealanders, and what is the new name?
1. Are the majority of New Zealand’s agricultural products (both pastoral and horticultural) used within the local
markets of New Zealand or exported abroad?
4. How can New Zealand afford to compete against three huge competitors in the apple growing market?
Some definitions so we all are on the same page!
Agricultural products: those products that are both pastoral and horticultural
Pastoral products: livestock (ex: sheep, cattle, venison) and livestock products (ex: wool, milk, meat)
Horticultural products: grains, fruits, vegetables, and their respective products
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New ZealandDrawing By: Louis August de Sainson in 1839
“His first glimpse of Maori farmers upon arriving in New Zealand with the French navigator D’Urville.”
A Brief History of Early Maori Agriculture
-Kumara-Taro roots-Yams-Gourds-Paper mulberry
Kumara- a type of sweet potato- was their major crop and most valued.
Skilled agriculturalists that cultivated plants brought from the tropics:
http://www.kumara.co.nz/
Planting, tending, and harvesting called for rituals.
- incantations to Pani, mother of Rongo God of Food Plants
- first tuber of kumara each season laid aside for Rongo
Image of Rongo at Walt Disney’s Tiki Room
Then came the European settlers (Pakeha).
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New ZealandPainting by: Samuel Brees in 1847
- Europeans brought potato with them.
-planted later and harvested earlier than kumara
- Maoris fed early settlers and took part in the growth and export of potatoes and grain to Australia.
- Europeans repaid Maoris by fighting them for their lands in the Land Wars of the 1860s.
-along with lowered prices of exports, land wars brought this era of cooperative farming to an end
Early Animals
Captain James Cook brought in:-sheep-pigs-goats-geese-other fowl
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Samuel Marsden brought more sheep, cattle, and horses to the Bay of Islands from New South Wales (Australia).
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Exportation of New Zealand’s Products
New Zealand exports many agricultural productsincluding but not limited to:
-dairy products-meats (lamb, venison, beef)-wool-grains (wheat, barley, some oats)-fruits (kiwifruit, apples, pears)
Much of New Zealand’s agricultural products are exportedand account for over (NZ$) 60 million of the total GDP.
USA
UK
JapanChina
Australia
Major Exportation Destinationshttp://www.maproom.psu.edu/graphics2/dcw/
New Zealand’s top agricultural producer that brings in the most money per year is the dairy products’ industry.
It brought in (NZ$) 5.5 billion in 2004; totaling 19% of all exports.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Lamb is New Zealand’s most widely exported meat.
Livestock of New Zealand(yellow on map = pastoral area of livestock)
-sheep and lamb-cattle: dairy and beef-venison-chickens-pigs-others
land cover map from MAF
(red areas = land used in dairy production)
Sheep and Lamb
Sheep population in 2004 = 39.3 million.
21 million sheep were on the South Island alone.
Canterbury region = top lamb producer in 2004.
Most sheep stations are found on the South Island.-sheep can survive in difficult terrain here
Meat or Wool?
Most sheep and lambs are raised for their meat because they have been bred to be a more hearty breed to survive the difficult terrain of the South Island so their wool is more coarse and too strong in fiber.
http://www.maf.govt.nz/statistics/primaryindustries/livestock/slideshow/tour4.htm
Cattle: Dairy
Estimated at 5.2 million head (individuals) in 2004.
http://www.innz.co.nz/accommodation/
Waikato, Taranaki, and Canterbury are the top 3 dairy producing regions of New Zealand.
Cattle: Beef
4.4 million head in 2004
Beef and veal = 40% of NZ meat/ meat products exported
Two major breeds = Angus and Hereford
Beef cattle often grazed in association with sheep now.
Hereford Cattle
Venison (Deer)
1.8 million estimated to be farmed in 2004
Produced primarily for meat.
New Zealand is the major world supplier of venison.
New Zealand venison farm
Pigs and ChickensPigs are mainly raised for New Zealand’s domestic market and had a population estimation of 355,000 in 2003.
Chickens number in the low millions.
-increase of New Zealander’s eating poultry lately with an average person eating about 40 kg in 2005
New Zealand pigsChickens in New Zealand
Horticulture and New Zealand
-kiwifruit-apples, pears, and other fruits-wheat-barley, oats, other crops
Main produce:
Horticultural exports were valued at (NZ$) 2.2 billion in 2004.
Kiwifruit(aka Chinese Gooseberry)
Primarily grown in the Bay of Plenty region on the North Island.
New Zealand began exporting kiwifruit around the world in the 1970s.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Apples
Compete at harvest time against three huge apple growing nations:
-South Africa-Argentina-Chile
Grow new varieties: Royal Gala, Fuji, Braeburn, Pacific Rose, and Southern Snap.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Other fruitsPears have also been an export for years.
Exotic fruits also grown in New Zealand (local markets and personal use only):
-feijoa
-babacoHybrid of the pawpaw.
Slow growing evergreen shrub.
http://personales.mundivia.es/schrader_gomera/feijoa.htm
http://aniconic.org/journal/ec-dialup/page08a.html
http://www.communitygarden.org.au/ideas/fruits/babaco.html
botany.cs.tamu.edu/ FLORA/dcs420/fa04/fa04005.jpg
Vegetable Industry
Fresh vegetable exports:-tomatoes-potatoes-onions-squash-carrots and baby carrots-asparagus
Frozen vegetable exports:-peas-corn-mixed vegetables-tomato products-dried peas
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Grain IndustryGrain planted in 2002 covered:-53k hectares for wheat (decreased from 2001)-70k hectares for barley (increased from 2001)-15k hectares for maize (decreased from 2001)
Other arable seed crops:-pea seed, clover seed, and ryegrasses also decreased in 2002 from the previous year.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Agricultural research is still the major area of scientific research in New Zealand.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
1. Are the majority of New Zealand’s agricultural products
used in New Zealand or exported abroad?
exported abroad and account for (NZ$) 60 million of the GDP
Images from powerpoint clipart.
2. What is New Zealand’s top agricultural exporter in terms of
bringing home the money?
the dairy industry with its related products (even
outshines the wool industry!)
Images from powerpoint clipart.
3. Why are the kiwifruit again being renamed by New
Zealanders, and what is the new name?
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Will be called Zespri kiwifruit to re-associate the clean, green, sunny atmosphere of New Zealand with growing kiwifruit and encourage consumers to purchase more, thus increasing exports of the fruit around the world.
4. How can New Zealand afford to compete against three huge
competitors in the apple growing market?
They have developed newer varieties such as the Royal Gala, Fuji, Braeburn, Pacific Rose and Southern Snap that the three major competitors do not cultivate.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
References for information:
Books: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Editor-in-Chief: Gordon McLauchlan; 1992. pgs 12-21.
The Far East and Australasia 2005; 36th EditionA.E. McQueen; 2005. pgs 745-763
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics;Mark Fisher; vol 16, 2003; pgs 77-90.
Plant Pathology; “Genomic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterium causing blight of kiwifruit in New Zealand;” J.M. Young, L. Gardan; (1997) issue 46, pages 857-864.
The Economist; “Jeu Zespri.” (8/10/96), vol 340, issue 7978, p48-48.
Journals:
References for information:
Websites:
http://www.stats.govt.nz/analytical-reports/agric-in-nz/default.htm
http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/
http://www.kumara.co.nz/about.shtml
http://epix.hazard.net/topics/animal/psorptes.htm
http://www.x-rates.com/calculator.html
http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/pasfull/pasfull.nsf/web/Media+Release+National+Population+Estimates+December+2003+quarter?open
http://www.casein.com/gen_info.htm
http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/babaco.html
http://www.communitygarden.org.au/ideas/fruits/babaco.html
http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/feijoa.html
References for images:
PowerPoint 2003 clipart images.
http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/agriculture-forestry-horticulture-in-brief/2005/land-cover-map-06.htm
http://www.maproom.psu.edu/graphics2/dcw/
http://www.startedbyamouse.com/features/Details02.shtml
http://www.kumara.co.nz/
http://www.maf.govt.nz/statistics/primaryindustries/livestock/slideshow/tour4.htm
http://www.innz.co.nz/accommodation/
http://www.dreamland.co.nz/lifestyle/
http://www.ourdotcom.com/TripLog/NewZealand/SouthIsland/Kaikoura.htm
http://www.waihakamara.co.nz/events.php?id=47
Agricultural Statistics pdf saved from EBSCO article.
http://www.communitygarden.org.au/ideas/fruits/babaco.html
http://aniconic.org/journal/ec-dialup/page08a.html
botany.cs.tamu.edu/ FLORA/dcs420/fa04/fa04005.jpg
http://personales.mundivia.es/schrader_gomera/feijoa.htm