The Allies Win the WarThe Allies Win the War

Lesson 5Lesson 5

A New Kind of WARA New Kind of WAR

Moved quickly by tanks, ship, and Moved quickly by tanks, ship, and airplanes.airplanes.

Didn’t live in trenchesDidn’t live in trenches Bombs dropped by planes destroyed Bombs dropped by planes destroyed

everything including thousands of civilianseverything including thousands of civilians Area covering almost half the worldArea covering almost half the world Fought on two major front, or battle linesFought on two major front, or battle lines Africa and Europe and the other the PacificAfrica and Europe and the other the Pacific

War in Africa and EuropeWar in Africa and Europe

Allies’ battle plan in EuropeAllies’ battle plan in Europe• Gain control of the Mediterranean SeaGain control of the Mediterranean Sea• Invade ItalyInvade Italy• Defeat Germans and Italians in North Defeat Germans and Italians in North

AfricaAfrica• September 1943, Italians surrendered.September 1943, Italians surrendered.• German forces kept fightingGerman forces kept fighting

D DayD Day

June 6, 1944, the largest water-to-land June 6, 1944, the largest water-to-land invasion in historyinvasion in history

General Dwight D.Eisenhower led the General Dwight D.Eisenhower led the invasion.invasion.

American, Canadian, and British troops American, Canadian, and British troops crossed the English Channel.crossed the English Channel.

Landed on the beaches of Normandy, in Landed on the beaches of Normandy, in FranceFrance

Many troops died, but the invasion was Many troops died, but the invasion was successful.successful.

Fighting Continues at NormandyFighting Continues at Normandy

Allies broke through the German linesAllies broke through the German lines Moved inland, pushing back the enemyMoved inland, pushing back the enemy Germans counterattacked at the Battle of Germans counterattacked at the Battle of

the Bulge in December 1944the Bulge in December 1944 American general, George Patton turned American general, George Patton turned

the Germans back.the Germans back. Patton was the most outstanding general Patton was the most outstanding general

during the invasion of France.during the invasion of France.

Russia helps OutRussia helps Out

Also fighting the GermansAlso fighting the Germans Pushed back from the east.Pushed back from the east. May 1945 Allied troops from the east and May 1945 Allied troops from the east and

west met near Berlin, the German capitalwest met near Berlin, the German capital Learned Hitler had killed himself.Learned Hitler had killed himself. Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2, 1945Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2, 1945 Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 Victory in Europe Day or V-E DayVictory in Europe Day or V-E Day End of the War in EuropeEnd of the War in Europe

President Roosevelt DiesPresident Roosevelt Dies

Did not live to see the end of World Did not live to see the end of World War II.War II.

Died on April 12, 1945Died on April 12, 1945 Vice President Harry S. Truman Vice President Harry S. Truman

became President.became President.

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

Jews, Gypsies, and people with disabilities Jews, Gypsies, and people with disabilities were hated by Hitler and the Nazis.were hated by Hitler and the Nazis.

Put in concentration camps.Put in concentration camps. Some were used for cruel medical Some were used for cruel medical

experiments.experiments. Arrested Jews all over the world.Arrested Jews all over the world. Mass murdered the Jews, known as the Mass murdered the Jews, known as the

Holocaust. More than 12 million men, Holocaust. More than 12 million men, women, and children were killed. At least women, and children were killed. At least 6 million were JEWS.6 million were JEWS.

War in the PacificWar in the Pacific

The Second front of the war.The Second front of the war. Japanese troops landed in the Japanese troops landed in the

Philippines after bombing Pearl Harbor.Philippines after bombing Pearl Harbor. Forced Americans to surrenderForced Americans to surrender General Douglas McArthur promised General Douglas McArthur promised

the people of the Philippines, “I shall the people of the Philippines, “I shall return.”return.”

Two years later, he did.Two years later, he did.

Turning PointTurning Point

Japanese seemed to be winning the war.Japanese seemed to be winning the war. May 1942, the U.S. navy defeated the May 1942, the U.S. navy defeated the

Japanese fleet in the Battle of the Coral Japanese fleet in the Battle of the Coral Sea.Sea.

In June, American ships sank four enemy In June, American ships sank four enemy aircraft carriers at the Battle of Midway.aircraft carriers at the Battle of Midway.

Japan’s navy never recovered its losses!Japan’s navy never recovered its losses! Allies began forcing Japanese from the Allies began forcing Japanese from the

lands they had taken over.lands they had taken over.

Island HoppingIsland Hopping

American plan to take back only the most American plan to take back only the most important islands on the way to Japan.important islands on the way to Japan.

Allies bombed Japan from the air to Allies bombed Japan from the air to weaken the soldiers thereweaken the soldiers there

General McArthur began his invasion to General McArthur began his invasion to take back the Philippine Islands, as take back the Philippine Islands, as promised.promised.

Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were bloody and cost thousands of lives.bloody and cost thousands of lives.

A Secret WeaponA Secret Weapon

President Truman found out former President Truman found out former President Roosevelt had allowed the President Roosevelt had allowed the development of the Atomic Bombdevelopment of the Atomic Bomb

The most powerful bomb the world had The most powerful bomb the world had ever known.ever known.

Summer of 1945, the atomic bomb was Summer of 1945, the atomic bomb was ready.ready.

Truman wanted to end the war quickly to Truman wanted to end the war quickly to save American lives.save American lives.

The Sky ExplodesThe Sky Explodes

August 6, 1945, the American August 6, 1945, the American bomber, Enola Gay dropped the first bomber, Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima.atomic bomb on Hiroshima.

A flash like an exploding SunA flash like an exploding Sun Mushroom shaped cloud rose from Mushroom shaped cloud rose from

the citythe city Killed over 75,000 civiliansKilled over 75,000 civilians Japan still DID NOT SURRENDER!Japan still DID NOT SURRENDER!

The Second BombThe Second Bomb

August 9, 1945, the United States dropped August 9, 1945, the United States dropped the second bomb on Japan.the second bomb on Japan.

Nagasaki.Nagasaki. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 V-J Day or Victory over Japan Day.V-J Day or Victory over Japan Day. World War II was FINALLY over!World War II was FINALLY over! Over 300,000 Americans dead and over 15 Over 300,000 Americans dead and over 15

millions other soldiers from other countries millions other soldiers from other countries died in the fighting.died in the fighting.

Improved MedicineImproved Medicine

Penicillin and sulfa helped fight Penicillin and sulfa helped fight infections.infections.

DDT, a new chemical to kill DDT, a new chemical to kill mosquitoes helped prevent malaria mosquitoes helped prevent malaria and other diseases.and other diseases.

A Changed WorldA Changed World

Another world organization of nationsAnother world organization of nations U.S. supported it this timeU.S. supported it this time United Nations was formed in April United Nations was formed in April

1945.1945.• Goal was to keep world peaceGoal was to keep world peace• Promote cooperation among nationsPromote cooperation among nations

Changes in TechnologyChanges in Technology

Airplanes became a major weapon.Airplanes became a major weapon. Drones, planes that flew without pilots Drones, planes that flew without pilots

dropped bombs on cities.dropped bombs on cities. Transport planes parachuted soldiers into Transport planes parachuted soldiers into

battle.battle. Aircraft carriers launched plans from the Aircraft carriers launched plans from the

sea.sea. Antiaircraft guns, special cannonsAntiaircraft guns, special cannons Radio detection and ranging RADAR, could Radio detection and ranging RADAR, could

located planes and ships in bad weather or located planes and ships in bad weather or at night.at night.

America, the Strongest NationAmerica, the Strongest Nation

America became the world’s America became the world’s strongest nationstrongest nation

Helped other nations rebuildHelped other nations rebuild Trouble on the horizonTrouble on the horizon

• Soviet Union became bitterSoviet Union became bitter• Soviet Union set up a communist Soviet Union set up a communist

governmentgovernment Communism is a system in which all Communism is a system in which all

property is owned by the government.property is owned by the government.

U.S. Opinion of CommunismU.S. Opinion of Communism

Saw communism as a threat to freedomSaw communism as a threat to freedom Helped support countries in their fight Helped support countries in their fight

against the spread of communism.against the spread of communism. Hostility, or unfriendliness developed Hostility, or unfriendliness developed

between the free world and the between the free world and the communist countries.communist countries.

Called the “cold war” because it was Called the “cold war” because it was fought with propaganda and money fought with propaganda and money instead of soldiers and weapons.instead of soldiers and weapons.