The American Civil WarThe American Civil War

Part Two:Part Two:

Soldiers, Battles, and a Soldiers, Battles, and a Divided NationsDivided Nations

GPS SS8H6bGPS SS8H6b

We will state the importance of key We will state the importance of key events of the Civil War to include events of the Civil War to include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia's coast, blockade of Georgia's coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.Andersonville.

How did the Union and the Confederacy How did the Union and the Confederacy Compare with each other?Compare with each other?

Strengths of each sideStrengths of each side

UNIONUNION► Superior number of Superior number of

population, population, factories, factories, manufacturing manufacturing weapons, railroads, weapons, railroads, etc.etc.

► Out produce in food Out produce in food cropscrops

► Controlled 80% of Controlled 80% of bank moneybank money

► Organized military Organized military and technologyand technology

CONFEDERACYCONFEDERACY1.1. Best Generals (Lee Best Generals (Lee

and Jackson)and Jackson)2.2. Soldiers more Soldiers more

experienced with experienced with outdoors, guns, outdoors, guns, and horsesand horses

3.3. Fighting to protect Fighting to protect their homestheir homes

4.4. Patriotic spirit and Patriotic spirit and confidenceconfidence

Georgia in 1861Georgia in 1861a. Agriculture: By 1860 there were 68,000 farms in GA.a. Agriculture: By 1860 there were 68,000 farms in GA.

Produced 700,000 bales of cotton in 1860.Produced 700,000 bales of cotton in 1860.

Only 3,500 farms (5%) were of 500 acres or more.Only 3,500 farms (5%) were of 500 acres or more.

b. Slavery: 460,000 slaves (4 million in South total)b. Slavery: 460,000 slaves (4 million in South total)

Only 236 Georgians owned more than 100 slaves and Only 236 Georgians owned more than 100 slaves and 60 percent had no slaves at all.60 percent had no slaves at all.

Over half of the wealth of Georgia ($400 million) was in Over half of the wealth of Georgia ($400 million) was in the value of slaves as propertythe value of slaves as property

c. Railroads: 1,226 miles of railroadsc. Railroads: 1,226 miles of railroads

Main lines were Savannah to Macon to Main lines were Savannah to Macon to AtlantaAtlanta; ; Montgomery, AL to Montgomery, AL to AtlantaAtlanta to Augusta; Chattanooga to Augusta; Chattanooga to to AtlantaAtlanta

1840s Atlanta first called Terminus (end of line 1840s Atlanta first called Terminus (end of line Chattanooga to Chattahoochee River)Chattanooga to Chattahoochee River)

Confederate RailroadsConfederate Railroads

Map SearchMap Search1-Battle of Antietam; 2-Battle of Gettysburg; 3-1-Battle of Antietam; 2-Battle of Gettysburg; 3-

Battle of Chickamauga; 4-Atlanta Campaign; 5-Battle of Chickamauga; 4-Atlanta Campaign; 5-Andersonville; 6-Sherman’s March to the Sea; 7-Andersonville; 6-Sherman’s March to the Sea; 7-Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh

8-Seige of Vicksburg; 9-Battle of Chancellorsville8-Seige of Vicksburg; 9-Battle of Chancellorsville

10-Richmond (Capital of Confederacy)10-Richmond (Capital of Confederacy)

11-Washington D.C. (Capital of Union)11-Washington D.C. (Capital of Union)

12-Milledgville (Capital of Georgia)12-Milledgville (Capital of Georgia)

^-^-^-^-^--Union Blockade of the South^-^-^-^-^--Union Blockade of the South

+++++++Major Railroads of Georgia+++++++Major Railroads of Georgia

Military Objectives in 1861Military Objectives in 1861UNIONUNION

1.1. Preserve the UnionPreserve the Union

2.2. ““Anaconda Plan”Anaconda Plan”

a. Divide the a. Divide the Confederacy in two Confederacy in two via the Mississippi via the Mississippi RiverRiver

b. Capture Richmondb. Capture Richmond

c. Capture important c. Capture important transportation transportation centers (Atlanta) and centers (Atlanta) and portsports

d. Union Blockaded. Union Blockade

(nothing coming in or (nothing coming in or out)out)

CONFEDERACYCONFEDERACY

1. Maintain 1. Maintain Independence!!!Independence!!!

2. Offensive Defense2. Offensive Defense

3. “Cotton Diplomacy”3. “Cotton Diplomacy”

Hope European Hope European powers will:powers will:

a. Break the a. Break the Northern blockadeNorthern blockade

b. Join the side of b. Join the side of the South against the South against the Norththe North

4. Test Northern public 4. Test Northern public opinion’s will to opinion’s will to fightfight

Daily Lives of Civilians and Soldiers during the Civil War Daily Lives of Civilians and Soldiers during the Civil War (SS8H6b)(SS8H6b)

1. 1. How were the daily lives of Southerners affected by theHow were the daily lives of Southerners affected by the Union Blockade?Union Blockade?

They couldn’t import sugar and coffee. Cotton and tobacco couldn’t be shipped They couldn’t import sugar and coffee. Cotton and tobacco couldn’t be shipped out. Limited amount of meat.out. Limited amount of meat.

Do to limited supply of food prices rose dramatically ex. Salt used to be one cent a Do to limited supply of food prices rose dramatically ex. Salt used to be one cent a pound before war now it is fifty cents, flour 200 dollars a barrel also shoes were a pound before war now it is fifty cents, flour 200 dollars a barrel also shoes were a

hundred dollars a pair. People resorted to using curtains and carpets to make hundred dollars a pair. People resorted to using curtains and carpets to make clothes used animal skins for shoesclothes used animal skins for shoes

Limited med supply confederate soldiers had to do without guns and uniforms Limited med supply confederate soldiers had to do without guns and uniforms people had very little wood or coal to heat their homespeople had very little wood or coal to heat their homes

2. Nickname for a Union soldier was Billy Yank, and the nickname for a 2. Nickname for a Union soldier was Billy Yank, and the nickname for a Confederate soldier was Johnny Rebel.Confederate soldier was Johnny Rebel.

3. What were the average daily rations for a Union soldier?3. What were the average daily rations for a Union soldier?20 oz. of beef, 18 of flour, 2.5 of dried beans, 1.6 of coffee, 2.4 of sugar,.64 of salt20 oz. of beef, 18 of flour, 2.5 of dried beans, 1.6 of coffee, 2.4 of sugar,.64 of salt

What rations for a Confederate soldier? And why who they have very little?What rations for a Confederate soldier? And why who they have very little? 1.4lbs of bacon 18oz. of flour 10lbs of rice small amount of dried beans and fruit 1.4lbs of bacon 18oz. of flour 10lbs of rice small amount of dried beans and fruit

4. The color of the Union uniforms was blue and the typical Confederate soldier 4. The color of the Union uniforms was blue and the typical Confederate soldier wore grey colored uniforms.wore grey colored uniforms.

5. What items would a Civil War carry in their knapsacks and belts?5. What items would a Civil War carry in their knapsacks and belts?Paper to write letters home, pictures, book, utensils and a cup, sewing kitPaper to write letters home, pictures, book, utensils and a cup, sewing kit

Cap box, rolled up blanket Cap box, rolled up blanket

6. What types of activities would Civil War soldiers engage in when not in battle?6. What types of activities would Civil War soldiers engage in when not in battle?Play jokes on each other, write letters, read letters, play games such as chess, Play jokes on each other, write letters, read letters, play games such as chess,

checkers, gambling, wood carving, prayer and camp meetingscheckers, gambling, wood carving, prayer and camp meetings

The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation

► Issued by Abraham Lincoln on Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862September 22, 1862

►Battle of Antietam was the victory Battle of Antietam was the victory Lincoln needed to make the Lincoln needed to make the proclamation publicproclamation public

►Changed the focus of the war from just Changed the focus of the war from just “preserving the Union” to “preserving the Union” to

Freeing men from slavery!!!Freeing men from slavery!!!

**Freed slaves only in areas that were **Freed slaves only in areas that were in in rebellion rebellion against United Statesagainst United States

Lincoln’s reasons for the Emancipation Lincoln’s reasons for the Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

1.1. MilitaryMilitary

A.A. Incentive to stop rebellionIncentive to stop rebellion

B.B. Use freedmen as soldiersUse freedmen as soldiers

C.C. Demoralize Confederate leaders and Demoralize Confederate leaders and soldierssoldiers

2.2. Diplomatically Diplomatically

A.A. Convince Great Britain and France from Convince Great Britain and France from joining on side of Confederacy (or)joining on side of Confederacy (or)

B.B. Recognizing southern independenceRecognizing southern independence

Lincoln’s reasons for the Emancipation Lincoln’s reasons for the Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

C.C. MorallyMorally

1. Bring the nation in line with the principle in 1. Bring the nation in line with the principle in the Declaration of Independence that “all men the Declaration of Independence that “all men are created equal”are created equal”

2. Raised the perception of war from political to 2. Raised the perception of war from political to moral : not just preserving the Union BUT moral : not just preserving the Union BUT making men free!!making men free!!

3. Speed up the inevitable—slavery will end 3. Speed up the inevitable—slavery will end someday, so why not NOW!!someday, so why not NOW!!

4. Lincoln’s own personal convictions4. Lincoln’s own personal convictions

What did it say?What did it say?

““That on the 1That on the 1stst day of January, A.D. day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall rebellion against the United States shall then, thenceforward, and forever free. . then, thenceforward, and forever free. . .”.”

Or in today’s languageOr in today’s language –if you are still –if you are still fighting against the United Sates, you fighting against the United Sates, you lose your slaves!!!!lose your slaves!!!!

1. Slaves would be freed in the states of: 1. Slaves would be freed in the states of: Arkansas, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama,

Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North CarolinaCarolina

2. Slaves will only be freed in certain part of the 2. Slaves will only be freed in certain part of the states of states of LouisianaLouisiana (southern part and New (southern part and New

Orleans) and Orleans) and VirginiaVirginia (western Virginia and by (western Virginia and by Norfolk)Norfolk)

3. Slavery will remain in the border states of 3. Slavery will remain in the border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware,

and Tennesseeand Tennessee

African-American SoldiersAfrican-American Soldiers

1. 1. How many African-Americans fought in the How many African-Americans fought in the Civil War?Civil War?

2. What did the 54th Massachusetts felt they 2. What did the 54th Massachusetts felt they had to prove during the war?had to prove during the war?

3. What famous battle did they prove 3. What famous battle did they prove themselves as soldiers?themselves as soldiers?

4. Which black soldier won the Congressional 4. Which black soldier won the Congressional Medal of Honor?Medal of Honor?

5. What was the most honored position within 5. What was the most honored position within an army unit during the Civil War?an army unit during the Civil War?

(Information was from (Information was from Georgia Stories Video Georgia Stories Video SeriesSeries))

Animated maps of the Battle of Animated maps of the Battle of ChickamaugaChickamauga

Civil War in Georgia: 1863Civil War in Georgia: 1863

Battle of Chickamauga (September 19-20)Battle of Chickamauga (September 19-20)► Union western forces planned to secure important railroad Union western forces planned to secure important railroad

center of Chattanooga, TN. To do so, move to defeat center of Chattanooga, TN. To do so, move to defeat Confederates at Chickamauga Creek in northern Georgia.Confederates at Chickamauga Creek in northern Georgia.

► Confederates, lead by General Braxton Bragg, defeats Union Confederates, lead by General Braxton Bragg, defeats Union army.army.

► Retreat back to Chattanooga and Confederates trap them.Retreat back to Chattanooga and Confederates trap them.► Bragg, however, fails to follow up and attack. Another victory Bragg, however, fails to follow up and attack. Another victory

would have turned the war in the favor of the South (lost at would have turned the war in the favor of the South (lost at Gettysburg and Vicksburg two months before)Gettysburg and Vicksburg two months before)

► General U.S. Grant takes over for Union, and defeats Bragg’s General U.S. Grant takes over for Union, and defeats Bragg’s army in November 1863.army in November 1863.

► Chickamauga seen as “The Last hurrah of the South!”Chickamauga seen as “The Last hurrah of the South!”

Civil War In Georgia: 1864Civil War In Georgia: 1864

Atlanta Campaign (May to September Atlanta Campaign (May to September 1864)1864)

Three Contest in 1864 which will decide Three Contest in 1864 which will decide the Warthe War

#1 Battles in Virginia#1 Battles in Virginia

U.S. Grant (Lt. General of U.S. Grant (Lt. General of the Army of the the Army of the Potomac)Potomac)

Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee (General of the (General of the Army of Northern Army of Northern Virginia)Virginia)

Three Contests in 1864 which will decide the Three Contests in 1864 which will decide the WarWar

#2 Battles in Georgia#2 Battles in Georgia

►General William T. General William T. ShermanSherman

(112, 000 soldiers)(112, 000 soldiers)

►General Joseph E. General Joseph E. JohnstonJohnston

(60,000 soldiers)(60,000 soldiers)

Three Contest in 1864 which will decide the Three Contest in 1864 which will decide the WarWar

#3 Election of 1864#3 Election of 1864

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (Republican Party)(Republican Party)

Running for re-electionRunning for re-election

Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

General George B. General George B. McClellan McClellan

(Northern Democrats or(Northern Democrats or

““Copperheads” who opposed Copperheads” who opposed the won)the won)

Fired by Lincoln twiceFired by Lincoln twice

In Spring of 1864, Grant’s and Sherman’s In Spring of 1864, Grant’s and Sherman’s armies move to defeat the southern armies.armies move to defeat the southern armies.

Grant’s objective was to defeat Robert E. Lee Grant’s objective was to defeat Robert E. Lee and capture Richmondand capture Richmond

Sherman’s objective was to defeat Johnston’s Sherman’s objective was to defeat Johnston’s army in Georgia and capture the industrial army in Georgia and capture the industrial

and railroad center of Atlanta.and railroad center of Atlanta.

Abraham Lincoln was running for re-Abraham Lincoln was running for re-election and needed one of the two election and needed one of the two

southern armies defeated, and southern armies defeated, and Richmond or Atlanta captured.Richmond or Atlanta captured.

Why?Why?

Ex-General George McClellan and Ex-General George McClellan and Copperheads were feeding off the Copperheads were feeding off the

Northern citizens who were becoming Northern citizens who were becoming tried of the war!!tried of the war!!

(Too many killed; Is the Union worth it?)(Too many killed; Is the Union worth it?)

By July 1864By July 1864the fate of the Union looked bad!!the fate of the Union looked bad!!

WHY??WHY??

Lee and Grant fought to a tie, and both Lee and Grant fought to a tie, and both armies entrenched around St. armies entrenched around St. Petersburg and Richmond, VAPetersburg and Richmond, VA

Northern public perceived Grant as a Northern public perceived Grant as a “butcher” by sacrificing too many “butcher” by sacrificing too many soldierssoldiers

Robert E. Lee is “unstoppable” and Robert E. Lee is “unstoppable” and cannot be defeated!!cannot be defeated!!

► In Georgia, Sherman’s and Johnston’s In Georgia, Sherman’s and Johnston’s armies fight to a stalemate outside of armies fight to a stalemate outside of Atlanta.Atlanta.

► Although outnumbered and out gunned, Although outnumbered and out gunned,

a. Johnston plays a defensive campaign a. Johnston plays a defensive campaign and refuses to attackand refuses to attack

b. Forces Sherman to attack and lose men b. Forces Sherman to attack and lose men (such as, Kennesaw Mountain where 3,000 (such as, Kennesaw Mountain where 3,000 died or wounded)died or wounded)

c. Burns bridges and blocks roads to slow c. Burns bridges and blocks roads to slow Sherman’s advance towards AtlantaSherman’s advance towards Atlanta

►As a result, the Northern public As a result, the Northern public perceives Lincoln’s war strategies as a perceives Lincoln’s war strategies as a failurefailure

►The cities of Atlanta and Richmond can The cities of Atlanta and Richmond can never be capturednever be captured

►The war is going “NO WHERE!!”The war is going “NO WHERE!!”►Copperheads and Democrats promise Copperheads and Democrats promise

an end to the war, allow the an end to the war, allow the Confederacy their independence, and Confederacy their independence, and void the Emancipation Proclamation if void the Emancipation Proclamation if McClellan is elected as President to McClellan is elected as President to replace Lincoln!!!replace Lincoln!!!

►So all the Confederacy has to do is to So all the Confederacy has to do is to hold onto their positions and maintain hold onto their positions and maintain the stalemates outside of Atlanta and the stalemates outside of Atlanta and Richmond until November’s 1864 Richmond until November’s 1864 Presidential election.Presidential election.

BUT—did that happen?BUT—did that happen?

NO!! Someone changed all that!!NO!! Someone changed all that!!

Ironically, the Ironically, the Confederacy’s own Confederacy’s own President, Jefferson President, Jefferson Davis fires Johnston Davis fires Johnston as commander of as commander of the southern troops the southern troops in Georgiain Georgia

Why?Why?

1.1. Wanted a General Wanted a General who attacked who attacked

2.2. Personality conflict Personality conflict with Johnstonwith Johnston

Now What?Now What?► John Bell Hood, new commander of southern army John Bell Hood, new commander of southern army

in GA, leads series of “foolish” and overconfident in GA, leads series of “foolish” and overconfident attack on Sherman’s in July and August 1864. attack on Sherman’s in July and August 1864.

► Over 12,000 irreplaceable troops are lost, and Over 12,000 irreplaceable troops are lost, and eventually had to leave Atlanta on September 1eventually had to leave Atlanta on September 1stst!!!!

The ConsequencesThe Consequences► Lincoln gets his victory and is re-elected (The war Lincoln gets his victory and is re-elected (The war

will go on.)will go on.)► South loses an important transportation and South loses an important transportation and

industrial center (Cannot supply Lee’s troops in industrial center (Cannot supply Lee’s troops in Virginia)Virginia)

► Opens the door for Sherman to wage Total War in Opens the door for Sherman to wage Total War in GeorgiaGeorgia

Georgia Stories: Battle of JonesboroGeorgia Stories: Battle of Jonesboro

Sherman’s March to the Sea: Sherman’s March to the Sea: A Tragic Example of Total WarA Tragic Example of Total War

In November 15, 1864, General Sherman started out to capture In November 15, 1864, General Sherman started out to capture Savannah, GA.Savannah, GA.

He also wanted to wage “total war” on the South (military and He also wanted to wage “total war” on the South (military and civilians). Why?civilians). Why?

a. Break down what economic and transportation resources a. Break down what economic and transportation resources the South still had. the South still had.

b. Punish the South for leaving the Unionb. Punish the South for leaving the Union c. Break the spirit of its people and bring war to a quick end.c. Break the spirit of its people and bring war to a quick end. Breaking off all communication with Washington, Sherman lead Breaking off all communication with Washington, Sherman lead

65,000 Union troops on a path of destruction on innocent 65,000 Union troops on a path of destruction on innocent citizenscitizens

For five weeks, Sherman’s army burnt farms, plantation homes, and For five weeks, Sherman’s army burnt farms, plantation homes, and confiscated most food supplies.confiscated most food supplies.

Describe this picture. Who is involved? And Describe this picture. Who is involved? And what are they doing?what are they doing?

His troops left “Sherman sentinels”His troops left “Sherman sentinels”which were burnt homes with only the which were burnt homes with only the

chimneys standingchimneys standing

They also left “Sherman neckties” which They also left “Sherman neckties” which were rails torn up, heated and then were rails torn up, heated and then

wrapped around treeswrapped around trees

Oh God, the time of trial has come!“Oh God, the time of trial has come!“Personal Account of Sherman’s March Personal Account of Sherman’s March Dolly Sumner Lunt was born in Maine in 1817. She moved to Dolly Sumner Lunt was born in Maine in 1817. She moved to

Georgia as a young woman to join her married sister. She Georgia as a young woman to join her married sister. She became a school teacher in Covington, Ga. where she met became a school teacher in Covington, Ga. where she met and married Thomas Burge, a plantation owner. When her and married Thomas Burge, a plantation owner. When her husband died in 1858, Dolly was left alone to manage the husband died in 1858, Dolly was left alone to manage the plantation and its slaves. Dolly kept a diary of her experiences plantation and its slaves. Dolly kept a diary of her experiences and we join her story as Sherman's army approaches her and we join her story as Sherman's army approaches her home:home:

November 19, 1864November 19, 1864

Slept in my clothes last night, as I heard that the Yankees went Slept in my clothes last night, as I heard that the Yankees went to neighbor Montgomery's on Thursday night at one o'clock, to neighbor Montgomery's on Thursday night at one o'clock, searched his house, drank his wine, and took his money and searched his house, drank his wine, and took his money and valuables. As we were not disturbed, I walked after breakfast, valuables. As we were not disturbed, I walked after breakfast, with Sadai [the narrator's 9-year-old daughter], up to Mr. Joe with Sadai [the narrator's 9-year-old daughter], up to Mr. Joe Perry's, my nearest neighbor, where the Yankees were Perry's, my nearest neighbor, where the Yankees were yesterday.yesterday.

Saw Mrs. Laura [Perry] in the road surrounded by her children, seeming to be Saw Mrs. Laura [Perry] in the road surrounded by her children, seeming to be looking for some one. She said she was looking for her husband, that old Mrs. looking for some one. She said she was looking for her husband, that old Mrs. Perry had just sent her word that the Yankees went to James Perry's the night Perry had just sent her word that the Yankees went to James Perry's the night

before, plundered his house, and drove off all his stock, and that she must drive before, plundered his house, and drove off all his stock, and that she must drive hers into the old fields. Before we were done talking, up came Joe and Jim Perry hers into the old fields. Before we were done talking, up came Joe and Jim Perry from their hiding-place. Jim was very much excited. Happening to turn and look from their hiding-place. Jim was very much excited. Happening to turn and look

behind, as we stood there, I saw some blue-coats coming down the hill. Jim behind, as we stood there, I saw some blue-coats coming down the hill. Jim immediately raised his gun, swearing he would kill them anyhow.immediately raised his gun, swearing he would kill them anyhow.

'No, don't!' said I, and ran home as fast as I could, with Sadai.'No, don't!' said I, and ran home as fast as I could, with Sadai.I could hear them cry, 'Halt! Halt!' and their guns went off in quick succession. Oh I could hear them cry, 'Halt! Halt!' and their guns went off in quick succession. Oh

God, the time of trial has come!God, the time of trial has come!A man passed on his way to Covington. I halloed to him, asking him if he did not A man passed on his way to Covington. I halloed to him, asking him if he did not

know the Yankees were coming.know the Yankees were coming.'No - are they?''No - are they?'

'Yes,' said I; 'they are not three hundred yards from here.' 'Yes,' said I; 'they are not three hundred yards from here.' 'Sure enough,' said he. 'Well, I'll not go. I don't want them to get my horse.' And 'Sure enough,' said he. 'Well, I'll not go. I don't want them to get my horse.' And although within hearing of their guns, he would stop and look for them. Blissful although within hearing of their guns, he would stop and look for them. Blissful

ignorance! Not knowing, not hearing, he has not suffered the suspense, the fear, ignorance! Not knowing, not hearing, he has not suffered the suspense, the fear, that I have for the past forty-eight hours. I walked to the gate. There they came that I have for the past forty-eight hours. I walked to the gate. There they came

filing up.filing up.I hastened back to my frightened servants and told them that they had better I hastened back to my frightened servants and told them that they had better hide, and then went back to the gate to claim protection and a guard. But like hide, and then went back to the gate to claim protection and a guard. But like

demons they rush in! My yards are full.demons they rush in! My yards are full.

To my smoke-house, my dairy, pantry, kitchen, and cellar, like famished wolves To my smoke-house, my dairy, pantry, kitchen, and cellar, like famished wolves they come, breaking locks and whatever is in their way. The thousand pounds of they come, breaking locks and whatever is in their way. The thousand pounds of

meat in my smoke-house is gone in a twinkling, my flour, my meat, my lard, meat in my smoke-house is gone in a twinkling, my flour, my meat, my lard, butter, eggs, pickles of various kinds - both in vinegar and brine - wine, jars, and butter, eggs, pickles of various kinds - both in vinegar and brine - wine, jars, and

jugs are all gone. My eighteen fat turkeys, my hens, chickens, and fowls, my jugs are all gone. My eighteen fat turkeys, my hens, chickens, and fowls, my young pigs, are shot down in my yard and hunted as if they were rebels young pigs, are shot down in my yard and hunted as if they were rebels

themselves. Utterly powerless I ran out and appealed to the guard. themselves. Utterly powerless I ran out and appealed to the guard. 'I cannot help you, Madam; it is orders.''I cannot help you, Madam; it is orders.'

...Alas! little did I think while trying to save my house from plunder and fire that ...Alas! little did I think while trying to save my house from plunder and fire that they were forcing my boys [slaves] from home at the point of the bayonet. One, they were forcing my boys [slaves] from home at the point of the bayonet. One,

Newton, jumped into bed in his cabin, and declared himself sick. Another crawled Newton, jumped into bed in his cabin, and declared himself sick. Another crawled under the floor, - a lame boy he was, - but they pulled him out, placed him on a under the floor, - a lame boy he was, - but they pulled him out, placed him on a horse, and drove him off. Mid, poor Mid! The last I saw of him, a man had him horse, and drove him off. Mid, poor Mid! The last I saw of him, a man had him going around the garden, looking, as I thought, for my sheep, as he was my going around the garden, looking, as I thought, for my sheep, as he was my

shepherd. Jack came crying to me, the big tears coursing down his cheeks, saying shepherd. Jack came crying to me, the big tears coursing down his cheeks, saying they were making him go. I said: they were making him go. I said:

'Stay in my room.' 'Stay in my room.' But a man followed in, cursing him and threatening to shoot him if he did not go; But a man followed in, cursing him and threatening to shoot him if he did not go;

so poor Jack had to yield.so poor Jack had to yield.......

Sherman himself and a greater portion of his army passed my house that day. All Sherman himself and a greater portion of his army passed my house that day. All day, as the sad moments rolled on, were they passing not only in front of my day, as the sad moments rolled on, were they passing not only in front of my

house, but from behind; they tore down my garden palings, made a road through house, but from behind; they tore down my garden palings, made a road through my back-yard and lot field, driving their stock and riding through, tearing down my back-yard and lot field, driving their stock and riding through, tearing down

my fences and desolating my home - wantonly doing it when there was no my fences and desolating my home - wantonly doing it when there was no necessity for it.necessity for it.

...As night drew its sable curtains around us, the heavens from every point were ...As night drew its sable curtains around us, the heavens from every point were lit up with flames from burning buildings. Dinnerless and supperless as we were, lit up with flames from burning buildings. Dinnerless and supperless as we were, it was nothing in comparison with the fear of being driven out homeless to the it was nothing in comparison with the fear of being driven out homeless to the dreary woods. Nothing to eat! I could give my guard no supper, so he left us.dreary woods. Nothing to eat! I could give my guard no supper, so he left us.

My Heavenly Father alone saved me from the destructive fire. My carriage-house My Heavenly Father alone saved me from the destructive fire. My carriage-house had in it eight bales of cotton, with my carriage, buggy, and harness. On top of had in it eight bales of cotton, with my carriage, buggy, and harness. On top of

the cotton were some carded cotton rolls, a hundred pounds or more. These were the cotton were some carded cotton rolls, a hundred pounds or more. These were thrown out of the blanket in which they were, and a large twist of the rolls taken thrown out of the blanket in which they were, and a large twist of the rolls taken and set on fire, and thrown into the boat of my carriage, which was close up to and set on fire, and thrown into the boat of my carriage, which was close up to

the cotton bales. Thanks to my God, the cotton only burned over, and then went the cotton bales. Thanks to my God, the cotton only burned over, and then went out. Shall I ever forget the deliverance?out. Shall I ever forget the deliverance?

November 20, 1864.November 20, 1864.About ten o'clock they had all passed save one, who came in and wanted coffee About ten o'clock they had all passed save one, who came in and wanted coffee made, which was done, and he, too, went on. A few minutes elapsed, and two made, which was done, and he, too, went on. A few minutes elapsed, and two

couriers riding rapidly passed back. Then, presently, more soldiers came by, and couriers riding rapidly passed back. Then, presently, more soldiers came by, and this ended the passing of Sherman's army by my place, leaving me poorer by this ended the passing of Sherman's army by my place, leaving me poorer by thirty thousand dollars than I was yesterday morning. And a much stronger thirty thousand dollars than I was yesterday morning. And a much stronger

Rebel!"Rebel!"

AndersonvilleAndersonville

How many soldiers were imprisoned at How many soldiers were imprisoned at Andersonville prison?Andersonville prison?

What did prisoners used for shelters?What did prisoners used for shelters?What were the men called who stole from other What were the men called who stole from other

prisoners?prisoners?What did the small stream in the middle of What did the small stream in the middle of

Andersonville prison double as?Andersonville prison double as?5. How many men died at Andersonville?5. How many men died at Andersonville?

(Information from (Information from Georgia Stories Video Series)Georgia Stories Video Series)