The American Jewish Committee 28th Report 1935 174pgs REL

8/2/2019 The American Jewish Committee 28th Report 1935 174pgs REL

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THE AMERICANJEWISH COMMITTEETWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT

NEW YORK1935



f8I

.ACADEMY TRESSNEW YORK



Objects of the Committee

" T h e o b j e c t s o f t h i s c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l b e , t o p r e v e n t

t h e i n f r a c t i o n o f t h e c i v i l a n d r e l i g i o u s r i g h t s o f J e w s ,

i n a n y p a r t o f t h e w o r l d ; t o r e n d e r a l l l a w f u l a s s i s t a n c e

a n d t o t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e r e m e d i a l a c t i o n i n t h e e v e n t o f

t h r e a t e n e d o r a c t u a l i n v a s i o n o r r e s t r i c t i o n o f s u c h r i g h t s ,

o r o f u n f a v o r a b l e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t h e r e t o ; t o

s e c u r e f o r J e w s e q u a l i t y o f e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l a n d e d u c a -

t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t y ; t o a l l e v i a t e t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f p e r s e -

c u t i o n a n d t o a f f o r d r e l i e f f r o m c a l a m i t i e s a f f e c t i n g J e w s ,

w h e r e v e r t h e y m a y o c c u r ; a n d t o c o m p a s s t h e s e e n d s t o

a d m i n i s t e r a n y r e l i e f f u n d w h i c h s h a l l c o m e i n t o i t s p o s -

s e s s i o n o r w h i c h m a y b e r e c e i v e d b y i t , i n t r u s t o r o t h e r -

w i s e , f o r a n y o f t h e a f o r e s a i d o b j e c t s o r f o r p u r p o s e s

c o m p r e h e n d e d t h e r e i n . " - E x t r a c t from the Charter .



CONTENTS

5

PAGEOFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEETWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING1ANNUAL REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE7

I . THE JEWISH SITUATION IN GERMANY TODAY 27II . OTHER CENTERS OF INTEREST ABROAD

Austria7Poland9Danzig4Saar Basin4Switzer land5Roumania6Latvia7South Af r i c a7Latin America n Countries8Canada8Anti-Jewis h Agita tio n in Salonica9Russia9

III . DOMESTIC MATTERSAnti-Jewish Agita tion in the United Stat es 5 3

Educati onal Activiti es7I m m i g r a t i o n9Complaints of False Ch ar ges2The Osman Case3



ADDRESS OF NEVILLE LASKI, ESQ ., K .C03ACT OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS13LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES23ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS35SUSTAINING MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS45CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS81LEGACIES85

6

PAGEThe Americ an Jewish Year Book3Saturday Sessions in New Jersey N orm al

S c h o o l s4O b j e c t i o n a b l e M o t i o n P i c t u r e s5C o o p e r a t i o n W i t h O t h e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s5T h e P r o p o s e d W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s7

REPORT ON ORGANIZATION MATTERS1 . N e c r o l o g y72 . T h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e83 . Corporate Membership94 . A c t i v i t i e s o f F i e l d R e p r e s e n t a t i v e6

5 . R e g i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e s and C h i c a g o

M e e t i n g76. S t a t e A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l s87 C h a n g e o f D a t e o f A n n u a l M e e t i n g8

REPORT OF THE TREASURER1Appendix : R e p o r t o f t h e A u d i t o r4



OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEO f f i c e r s

P r e s i d e n t , CYRUS ADLERHonorar y V ice-President, ABRAM I. ELKUS

V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s j IRVING LEHMAN1 Louis E . KIRSTEIN

T r e a s u r e r , SAMUEL D LEIDESDORFExecutive Committ ee

CYRUS ADLER (1937)*h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .JAMES H . BECKER ( 1 9 3 7 )h i c a g o , I l l .DAVID M. BRESSLER ( 1 9 3 7 )ew York, N . Y .FRED M . BUTZEL ( 1 9 3 8 )e t r o i t , M i c h .JAMES DAVIS ( 1 9 3 8 )h i c a g o , I l l .ABRAM I. ELKUS ( 1 9 3 7 )ew Yor k, N . Y .ELI FRANK ( 1 9 3 7 )altimore, Md .HAROLD HIRSCH ( 1 9 3 8 )t l a n t a , G a .HENRY ITTLESON ( 1 9 3 7 )ew York, N . Y .LOUIS E. KIRSTEI N ( 1 9 3 8 )oston, Mass .ALBERT D. LASKER ( 1 9 3 7 )h i c a g o , I l l .FRED LAZARUS, JR ( 1 9 3 8 )olumbus, O .IRVING LEHMAN ( 1 9 3 8 )ew York, N . YSAMUEL D . LEEDESDORF ( 1 9 3 8 )ew York, N . Y .

JAMES MARSHALL ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .GEORGE Z. MEDALIE ( 1 9 3 8 )ew York, N . Y .JULIUS L. MEIER ( 1 9 3 7 )o r t l a n d , O r e .JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .A . C. RATSHESKY ( 1 9 3 6 )oston, Mas s .MILTON J. ROSENAU ( 1 9 3 8 )oston, Mas s .JAMES N ROSENBERG ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .SAMUEL I. RoSENMAN ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .LESSING J. ROSENWALD ( 1 9 3 6 )h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . .RALPH J. SCHWARZ ( 1 9 3 8 )ew Or leans, La .

HORACE STERN ( 1 9 3 7 ) ,h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .ROGER W. STRAUS ( 1 9 3 6 )ew Yor k, N . Y .LEWIS L. STRAUSS ( 1 9 3 0ew York, N . Y .SOL. M. STROOCK (1937hatrmlfriew Yor k, N . Y .FELIX M. WARBURG ( 1 9 3 6 )ew Yor k, N . Y .MORRIS WOLF ( 1 9 3 6 )h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .

S e c r e t a r yMORRIS D. WALDMANA s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r yHARRY SCHNEIDERMAN

171 M adison Avenue, N . E . Cor . 3 3 r d S t r e e t

New York City

Ca ble Address, "WISHCO M, Ne w Yo rk . "

:The y e a r given after ea ch name is the date on which the mem-

b e r ' s t e r m e x p i r e s .

7



T wenty -Eight h

Annual M ee ti ng



Twenty-Eighth Annual MeetingJANUARY 6, 1935

The Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the American

J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e w a s h e l d a t t h e H o t e l A s t o r , N e w Y o r k

C i t y , o n S u n d a y , J a n u a r y 6 , 1 9 3 5 . Dr. C y r u s A d l e r ,

P r e s i d e n t , c a l l e d t h e m e e t i n g t o o r d e r .

T h e f o l l o w i n g C o r p o r a t e M e m b e r s w e r e p r e s e n t :

Community RepresentativesCONNECTICUTH a r t f o r d : I s i d o r e W i s e

FLORIDAJ a c k s o n v i l l e : Mor ton R . Hi r s c h b e r g

I L L I N O I S

C h i c a g o : James Becker ; B e r n a r d H o r w i c h

MARYLANDB a l t i m o r e : A. R a y K a t z

MASSACHUSETTSB o s t o n : F e l i x V o r e n b e r g

S o m e r v i l l e : Hym an J. R o u t t e n b e r g

S p r i n g f i e l d : Henry Lasker

NEW JERSEYA t l a n t i c C i t y : J o s e p h B . P e r s k i e

Cam den : B e n j a m i n N a t a l

Tr enton : P h i l l i p F o r m a n

NEW YORKBrooklyn : W i l l i a m L i e b e r m a n n ; H u g h G r a n t S t r a u s

B u f f a l o : Eugene Warner ; Herman Wile

1 1



12 The Americ an Jewish Committee

Elmi r a : Benj am in F . Levy

New York : Ben Altheime r ; Simon Bergman ; HermanBernstein ; David M. Bressler ; David A. Brown ;

Willia m Fischma n ; Norman S. Goetz ; Samuel H .

Goldenson ; Henry S. H e ndr i c k s ; H e nr y I t t le s o n ;Arthur K. Kuhn ; Arthur M. Lamport ; I r vingLehman ; Solomon Lowenstein ; Julian W. Mack ;

James Marshall ; Alexander Marx ; George Z .

Medalie ; I . D. M o r r i s o n ; Joseph M. Pr o s k a u e r ;

H a r o l d R i e ge lm a n ; B e r na r d Se m e l ; Fred M. Stein ;

I . M . Stettenheim ; Lewis L. Stra uss ; Sol M . Stroo ck ;

Felix M . Wa r burg ; Ra lph Wolf

Rochester : Henry M. Stern

Sy r acus e : Benja min Stolz

White Plains : P. Ir ving Gri nberg

PENNSYLVANIAPhiladelphia : C y r u s Adle r ; Jus t i n P . Allm an ; Jacob

Billik opf ; B. L. Levintha l ; Victor Rosewater ; Ho r ac e

Stern

VIRGINIARichmond : Edward N. Calisch

Membe rs-a t-Large

L o ui s B a m b e r ge r , N e w a r k ; Eli Fra nk, Baltimor e ; Her-

bert J. H a nno c h , N e w a r k ; Louis E . Kirstei n, Boston ;

Fred Lazar us, Jr ., Columbus ; Samuel D. Leidesdorf ,

N e w Y o r k C i t y ; Char les J. Li e b m an, N ew Yo r k C i t y ;

Henry Morgenthau, Sr., New York City ; ReubenOppenheimer , Baltimor e ; Lessing J. Ros enwald,

Philadelphia ; Morris Rothenberg, New York City ;

He nry Wineman, Detr oit .



T w e n t y - E igh t h Annua l M e e t i ng 1 3

Delegat es fr om Or ganizatio ns

B'RITH SHOLOM : William M. Lewis .

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISHWOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS : Este lle M . Sternber ger .

COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL AND YOUNG ISRAEL SYNA-GOGUE ORGANIZATIONS : Edward S. Silver .

HADASSAH : Mrs . David de Sola Pool .

HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OFAMERICA : John L. Bernstein, Abraham Herman,Jacob Ma ssel, Albert Rosenblatt .

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM : Leon Sander s,

Max L. Hollander .

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL : Simon M .

Goldsm it h .

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN : Mrs . Maurice

L. Goldma n .

UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OFAMERICA : B enj a m i n K o e n igs b e r g .

UNITED ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA : A. D . Bra -

h am, H e rm a n Speie r .

UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA : Louis J . Moss .

WOMEN'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEW-ISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA : Mrs . Joseph M .

Asher .WOMENS LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OFAMERICA : Mrs. Moses Hyamson, Mrs . SamuelSpiegel, Miss Sara h Kussy .

Th er e were also pre sent the f ollowing Susta ining Mem -

ber s and othe r guests

Leo M. Ab r ah a m s, E as t O r ange, N . J . ; M r s . C y rus

Adler, Philadelphia , Pa . ; N. H. Adler, Brook lyn ;



1 4 T he Amer ica n Jewish Committee

Joseph Ab r a m ow, N ew Yo r k ; M anfred Ambrose,

New York ; Miss T ama h Axel, New Yor k .

The odore Badman, New York ; C l a r e n c e G . Ba c h r a c h ,

Brooklyn ; H erman Baerwald, New York ; M r s . P a u l

Baerwald, New Yo rk ; M i s s P a u l i n e B a e r w a l d , N e w

Y o r k ; Salo W . Baron, New York ; D a v i d B . B a u m ,

N e w Y o r k ; Mrs . J a m e s B e c k e r , C h i c a g o , I l l . ; N .

Henry Beckman, Cincinnati, Ohio ; S . Be n d e r l e y ,

N ew Yo r k ; Robert M . Benjamin, New York ; O l i e

B e r g e r , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . ; Bruno Berk, Newar k,N. J . ; Ir ving Berkelhammer , New Yo rk ; A r t h u rD. B e r l i s s , N e w Y o r k ; Isr ael Berma n, New Yor k ;

Henry J . B e r n h e i m , N e w Y o r k ; L u d w i g B . B e r n s t e i n ,

P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ; M i s s A d e l e B i l d e r s e e , B r o o k l y n ;

Meier Bloch, Brooklyn ; H e r m a n W . Block, New

Y o r k ; M eyer Bloomfield, New York ; E. M . B l u e -

stone, New Yor k ; William Blumstein, New Yor k ;

H a r r i s B o r n s t e i n , B a y o n n e , N . J . ; C a r l B o s c h w i t z ,

N ew Yo r k ; W i l l i a m G . B r a u d e , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . ;

I . L . Brill, New York ; Charles A. Brodek, Ne w

Y o r k ; S i m o n S . B r o n e , A l l e n t o w n , P a . ; Edward H .

Burger, New Yor k .

E p h r a i m C a p l a n , B r o o k l y n ; E m a n u e l C e l l e r , B r o o k l y n ;

Miss Emily P . C o h e n , N e w Y o r k ; J . S o l i s C o h e n , J r . ,

P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . ; Morris R . Cohen, New Yor k ;

Ir ving Ben Cooper , New Yo rk ; P h i l i p C o w e n , N e w

Y o r k .

Walter Derenberg, New Yor k .

H y m a n E h r l i c h , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . ; M r s . J o s e p h H . E h r -

l i c h , D e t r o i t , M i c h . ; Miss Alice R . Emanuel, New

Y o r k ; Felix M . Erlanger, New York ; Sydney B .

Erlanger, New York .



Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting 1 5

L e o n F a l k , J r . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ; L o u i s A . F a l k , J e r s e y

C i t y , N . J . ; M y r o n F a l k , J r ., New Yor k ; E r n s t H .

F e i l c h e n f e l d , N e w Y o r k ; B . G . F e i n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ;A. F e i t , B r o o k l y n ; A . S . Freed, New Yor k ; E . D .

Friedman, Ne w Yo rk ; Elisha M . Fri edman, New

Y o r k ; Miss Ruby Frisch, New York ; W . F . F u e r s t ,

N e w Y o r k ; Mrs . F e l i x F u l d , S o u t h O r a n g e , N . J .

J o s e p h G a l e f , N e w Y o r k ; H oward S . Gans, New York ;

M r s . Howard S . Gans, New York ; J a c o b G i n s b e r g ,

P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . ; Harry L . Glucksman, New York ;

S . Her ber t Golden, New Y ork ; S a m u e l G o l d h a m e r ,

C l e v e l a n d , O h i o ; I s r a e l M . G o l d m a n , P r o v i d e n c e , R .

I . ; W i l l i a m G o l d m a n n , N e w Y o r k ; S i d n e y G o l d m a n n ,

Tr enton, N . J . ; Lawrence Lyon Goldsmith, N ew

Y o r k ; Nathan L . G o l d s t e i n , N e w Y o r k ; Mo ritz M .

G o t t l i e b , A l l e n t o w n , P a . ; M . J . Greeneba um, New

Y o r k ; J u l i a n L . G r e i f e r , B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . ; D a v i d

Gross, New Yor k ; J . G u t m a n , B r o o k l y n .

P h i l l i p W . H a b e r m a n , J r ., New York ; L o u i s J . H a l l e ,

N e w Y o r k ; M i s s M i r i a m H a l p e r i n , N e w Y o r k ; M r s .M. H . Harris, New York ; William M . H . H a r r i s ,

N e w Y o r k ; Benjamin A . Har tstein, New York ;

I s a a c S . Heller, New York ; Richar d Heller, N ew

Y o r k ; Edward Her bert, New Yor k ; I s i d o r e H e r s h -

f i e l d , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . ; M r s . J o s e p h H e r z o g , N e w

Y o r k ; Miss Rose A. Herzog, New York ; Samuel A .

Her zog, New Yo rk ; Mrs . S i e g m u n d H e r z o g , C l e v e -

l a n d , O h i o ; M a u r i c e B . Hexter, New York ; C a e s a r

Hirsch, New York ; S i d n e y H o l l a n d e r , B a l t i m o r e ;

Jacob E . Ho lzma n, New Y or k ; Louis Horwitz,

B r o o k l y n ; H enry Hurwitz, New Yor k ; M. H y a m s o n ,

N e w Y o r k ; Edwin M . Hydeman, New York ; G e o r g e



1 6 The American Jewish CommitteeM. Hyman, Syracuse, N . Y . ; J . C . Hyma n, New

Y o r k .

I . I s a a c s , W i l k e s - B a r r e , P a .

M e n d e l J a c o b i , B r o o k l y n ; A . L . J a f f e , B r o o k l y n ; I s a a c

J a f f e , N e w Y o r k ; J a c o b J o s e p h , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .

Bernha rd Kahn, New Yor k ; Ernst Kahn, New York ;M. J . Karpf, New Yor k ; David Kass, New York ;

Alfr ed B . Kasto r, New York ; A . D . K a t c h e r , N e w

York ; Franz Katz, New Yor k ;o e r n e r ,

Washington, D . C . ; Edgar J . Kohler, New York ;

Alfr ed E . Kornfeld, New Yor k ; William Kosh-

land, New Yor k ; P a u l K u l i c k , S c h e n e c t a d y , N . Y .

S . C . Lamport, New York ; S a u l J . Lance, New Yor k ;

Henry Landau, New Y ork ; Jaco b Landau, New

York ; S i d n e y L a n s b u r g h , B a l t i m o r e , M d . ; J . La r u s ,

New York ; M r s . H e n r y La s k e r , S p r i n g f i e l d , M a s s . ;

Morris S . Lazaron, Baltimore, Md . ; Edwa r d H .

Lebovsky , Watertown, N . Y . ; Ir ving LeRoy, New

Y o r k ; I . Har ris Levy, New York ; Max L e v y , P o r t

Richm ond, N . Y . ; Reuben H . L e v y , K i n g s t o n , P a . ;

Sanford Levy, New Yor k ; T . A . L e v y , S y r a c u s e , N .

Y. ; W a r r e n L e v y , M a d i s o n , W i s c . ; Max Lewy, New

Y o r k ; S . Lipschi tz, New Yor k ; Her man Lissner,

New York , Mrs . M o r r i s L o e b , N e w Y o r k ; I r a L o e w ,

Lynn, Ma ss . ; Samuel Lonschein, New Yor k ; ML u r i e , B r o o k l y n .

Frank M acDonald, New Yor k ; W i l l i a m J . Mack, New

Y o r k ; Willia m S. M a l i n , J a m a i c a , N . Y . ; M o r r i s

Ma nges, Ne w Yor k ; Arnold D . M a r g o l i n , B r o o k l y n ;

M r s . Benjamin Ma rsha ll, New Y ork ; J a c o b M a y e r ,

E a s t o n , P a . ; Mrs . G e o r g e Z . Medalie, New York ;

Philip Meirowitz, New Yor k ; Mrs . Mortimer M .



Menken, New Yor k ; David Met zger , Ne w Yor k ;

Morr is Michtam, Brooklyn ; L . Minsky, New York ;

Henry Mo sko witz, New Yor k ; H . L . Moses, New

York ; S o l M u t t e r p e r l , N e w Y o r k ; M r s . S o l M u t t e r -

perl, New Yor k ; M r s . F l o r e n c e B . M e y e r s , A l b a n y ,N. Y .

M r s . C l a r e n c e S . Nathan, New York ; E d g a r J . N a t h a n ,

J r ., N ew Yo r k ; Mr s . Henry Necarsulmer, New

York ; Henry Neca rsulmer, New York ; Edward A .

Nor man, New York .

Alfr ed M . O p p e n h e i m e r , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ; Simo n E .

Osserma n, New Yor k .

H e r b e r t P a r z e n , J a c k s o n H e i g h t s , N . Y . ; Eugene H .

Paul, Brooklyn ; K u r t P e i s e r , D e t r o i t , M i c h i g a n ;

Abr a h a m E . P i n a n s k i , B r o o k l i n e , M a s s . ; M r s . F r a n -

c i s D . P o l l a k , N e w Y o r k ; S a m u e l P r i c e , S p r i n g f i e l d ,

M a s s . ; F r a n k J . P r i n c e , N e w Y o r k .

Theodore Racoosin, New York ; M o s e s R a m r u s , B r o o k -

l y n , N . Y . ; Sidney Reisman, Pelham M anor, N . Y . ;

H y m an J . Reit, New York ; H a r r y R . R i c h m o n d ,

W i c h i t a , K a n s . ; L . R i t t e n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ; J o s e p h A .

Rosen, New Yor k ; Mrs . Henry Rosenber g, New

Y o r k ; M i s s M i n n i e R o s e n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ; M r s . C e l i a

Rosenbloom, N ew Yo rk ; P h i l i p R o s e n b l u m , B r o o k -

lyn, New Yo rk ; J o s e p h R o s e n z w e i g , N e w Y o r k ; M r s .

Joseph Rosenzweig, New York ; Miss M . R o s s , N e w

Y o r k ; L o u i s R u d n e r , T r e n t o n , N . J .

Ma nuel S . Sachs, N ew Haven, Conn . ; Alexander N .

Sack , New York ; R u d o l p h S a n d e r s , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . ;

M i s s E l e a n o r S a y m o n , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . ; I . S a y m o n ,

B r o o k l y n , N . Y . ; M r s . R a y F . S c h w a r t z , N e w Y o r k ;

S . Seiferheld, New Yor k ; B . S e l e k m a n , B o s t o n ,

A



1 8 T he Amer ica n Jewish C o m m i t t e e

Mass . ; M . S e n d e r o w i t z , J r . , A l l e n t o w n , P a . ; Mrs .

B e l l e S e s s l e r , N e w Y o r k ; E . L . S h a f f e r , T r e n t o n ,N. J . ; D a v i d S h a p i r o , N e w Y o r k ; I s a a c S i e g e l , Ne w

York ; M a u r i c e J . S i e v e r s , C i n c i n n a t i , 0 . ; L . S . S i l -

b e r b e r g , N i a g a r a F a l l s , N . Y . ; J a c o b S i l v e r b l a t t ,

W i l k e s - B a r r e , P a . ; J o s h u a S i l v e r s t e i n , N e w Y o r k ;

R a l p h S i l v e r s t e i n , N e w Y o r k ; H a r r y S i l v e r s t o n e ,

B r i d g e p o r t , C o n n . ; M r s . H a r r y S i l v e r s t o n e , B r i d g e -

p o r t , C o n n . ; L i o n e l J . Simmonds, New Yor k ; M u r -

ra y Simons, New York ; Henry B . Singer, New

Y o r k ; J o s e p h S i n s h e i m e r , N e w Y o r k ; J o h n S l a w s o n ,

New York ; B . J . S m i t h , S c r a n t o n , P a . ; P . S m o l l e r ,

S p r i n g f i e l d , 0 . ; A . S o k o l s k i , N e w Y o r k ; M i s s E l v i r aN. S o l i s , N e w Y o r k ; J . S o l i s - C o h e n , J r . , P h i l a d e l p h i a ,

Pa . ; N a t h a n i e l S p e a r , J r . , N e w Y o r k ; H a r r y S t a r r ,

N e w Y o r k ; M i l t o n S . S t e i n e r , N e w Y o r k ; N a t h a n

S t e r n , N e w Y o r k ; S a m u e l H . S t e r n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ;

I s a a c S t o n e , C l e v e l a n d , 0 . ; I s a a c S t r a h l , N e w Y o r k ;

B . A. Stroock , Newburgh, N . Y . ; Mrs . Sol M .

Stroock, N ew York ; Cha rles Sufrin, New Yor k ;

A r t h u r H a y s S u l z b e r g e r , N e w Y o i k ; Mrs . C y r u s L .

S u l z b e r g e r , N e w Y o r k ; M r s . L e o S u l z b e r g e r , N e w

York ; P a u l S u m m e r f i e l d , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . ; N a t h a n

S w e e d l e r , B r o o k l y n , N . Y .A . B . T a r t , N e w Y o r k ; J . G a r f i e l d T r a g e r , S c a r s d a l e ,N. Y . ; Max R . T r a u r i g , W a t e r b u r y , C o n n . ; G e o r g e

T r o s k , N e w Y o r k .

Arthur Van Raalte, New Yor k ; Hiram N . V i n e b e r g ,

New York .

J . M . Wachmann, New York ; M a r t i n W e c h s l e r , B r o o k -

l y n , N . Y . ; F r a n k M . W e i l , N e w Y o r k ; M a r t i n W e i l ,

N e w Y o r k ; Ma rk Weinbaum, New York ; M o r r i s



Twenty-Eighth Annual M eet ing 1 9

W e i nb e r g, B r o o k ly n , N e w Y o r k ; M i s s Joyce Weiner,

New York ; Jacob J. We in s t e i n, N e w Y o r k ; Willia m

Weiss, New York ; Char les Weissman, Wilkes-Barr e,

Pa . ; Jo s eph Willen, N ew Yo r k ; Mr s . Wolfe Wolfin-

s o hn, N ew Yo r k .

Alfr ed Ya nka uer, New York .

Ma x Zigun, Bridgeport , Conn . ; Mo r r is Zigun, Br idge-

port, Co nn .

Th e fo llowing guest s a tte nded the a nnual mee ting as

observers for the organizations indicated :

ALPHA OMEGA FRATERNITY : Samuel BirenbachALUMNI ASSOCIATION-HEBREW UNION COLLEGE :

William Rosenblum

AMERICAN ACADEMY FOR JEWISH RESEARCH : HarryA. Wolfso n

DROPSIE COLLEGE ALUMNI: Samuel Nir ensteinJEWISH WAR VETERANS : Wi lli a m B e r m a n

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF JEWISH MEN'S CLUBS OFTHE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA : T h e odo re

C h a r n a s

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF TEMPLE SISTERHOODS : M r s .

Alber t J . M a y

PHI LAMBDA KAPPA FRATERNITY : J . Allen Ya ger

PI TAU Pi FRATERNITY : I . Edward TonkonSIGMA ALPHA Mu FRATERNITY : James HammersteinSIGMA TAU PHI FRATERNITY : G e o r ge E . Br a h am

Pre sentat ion of Annual Report

T h e Pr e si de nt pr e se nt ed t he r epo r t of t he Ex ec ut ive

Committee for the past year .

Mr . Benja min Stolz of Syr ac use moved the a doption of

the following res olution : "That the report of the Executive



2 0 The American Jewish Committee

C o m m i t t e e b e a d o p t e d , a n d t h a t t h e c o r p o r a t e m e m b e r s o f

the American Jewish Committee here assembled approve

the policies and meth ods pursued by the Executive Com -

m i t t e e , a s o u t l i n e d i n i t s r e p o r t , c o m m e n d i n p a r t i c u l a r i t s

p o l i c y o f c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s , a n d e x p r e s s

t h e i r p r o f o u n d a p p r e c i a t i o n a n d t h a n k s f o r t h e u n s e l f i s h

a n d d e v o t e d e f f o r t s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e E x -

ecutive Committee . "

Mr. Benjamin Natal of Camden, N . J . , m o v e d t h a t t h e

r e s o l u t i o n b e a m e n d e d t o i n c l u d e t h e e x p r e s s a p p r o v a l o f

t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e t o w a r d t h e p r o -

p o s e d w o r l d J e w i s h c o n g r e s s a n d a p ? e d g e o n t h e p a r t o f

t h e m e m b e r s h i p t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h t h e C o m m i t t e e i n c a r r y -

i n g i n t o e f f e c t t h e p o l i c y r e c o m m e n d e d i n t h e r e p o r t o f

the Committee .

Mr . S t o l z s t a t e d t h a t , a l t h o u g h h i s r e s o l u t i o n i n c l u d e d

a p p r o v a l o f t h i s p o l i c y , y e t h e w a s w i l l i n g t o a c c e p t M r .

Na tal's a mendment .

T h e r e s o l u t i o n , a s a m e n d e d , w a s t h e r e u p o n p u t t o a v o t e

and unanimously adopted .

A d d r e s s b y N e v i l l e L a s k i , E s q.

Mr . N e v i l l e L a s k i , P r e s i d e n t o f t h e B o a r d o f D e p u t i e s

of British Jews and co-Chairman of the joint Foreign

Committee, London, who was on a visit to the United

S t a t e s , a d d r e s s e d t h e m e e t i n g . Th e full text of Mr .

L a s k i ' s a d d r e s s i s g i v e n o n p p . 1 0 3 - 1 1 0 b e l o w .

A f t e r n o o n S e s s i o n

At the request of Dr. Adler, Judge Irving Lehman, a

v i c e p r e s i d e n t o f t h e C o m m i t t e e , p r e s i d e d a t t h e a f t e r n o o n

s e s s i o n o f t h e m e e t i n g .



Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting 2 1

Repo rt o f t h e T r e asu re r

Mr . S amue l D . Leidesdorf, the T rea surer, presented a

report of the financial condition of the C ommittee, which

was unanimously a ccepted . Th is repor t is appended .

R e po r t o f N o m i n a t i ng C o m m i t t e e

Th e President announced that , in pursuance of the usual

prac tice, he ha d, in advance of this meeti ng, appointed a

committee to nominate successor s to the off icer s and to

t h o s e m e m b e r s o f t h e E x e c u t i ve C o m m i t t e e w h o s e t e r m s

expire at this meeting. T h e n o m i n a t i ng c o m m i t t e e c o n-

siste d of the following : Mr. Roger W. St r a u s , o f N e wY o r k C i t y , C h a i r m a n ; a nd M e ss r s . Simon Bergma n, N ew

Y o r k C i t y ; A . J . Dimo nd, Eas t Or a nge ; Sol Kline, Chic a-

go ; Joseph B. Per ski e, Atlantic City ; and Ralph J .

S c h w a r z , N e w O r le a ns .

O n b e h al f o f R oge r W. Straus, ch air ma n, who could not

at tend this meet ing, Mr . Lewis L . Str auss pres ented the

following re port

F o r m e m b e r s o f t h e E x e c u t i ve C o m m i t t e e , t o s e r v e

for three yea rs, we recommend that the following, whose

term s expire today, be re-elected

Fred M. Butzel Fred Lazar us, Jr .

J a m e s Da v i s Ir ving Lehma n

H a r o ld H i r s c h Samuel D. Leidesdor fLouis E. Kirstein M ilton J . Ros enau

Ralph J. Schwa r z

For member ship on the Executive Committee to suc-

ceed the late M ax J . Kohler, Mr . George Z . Medalie, of

New York City .

For offi cers, we r ecommend the r e-election of the

present incumbents, nam ely, for Pre sident, Cy rus Adler ;





Twenty-Eighth Annual M eet ing

A n n u a l R e p o r t , w h i c h h e d i d , a n d a n n o u n c e d t h e e l e c t i o n

o f t h e s e v e r a l n o m i n e e s .

Report on Organization Matters

On behalf of the Executive Committee, Mr . Morris D .

W a l d m a n , S e c r e t a r y , p r e s e n t e d t h e r e p o r t o n o r g a n i z a t i o n

m a t t e r s , w h i c h i s p r i n t e d o n p p . 7 7 t o 8 8 , b e l o w .

U p o n m o t i o n , d u l y s e c o n d e d , t h i s r e p o r t w a s a c c e p t e d .

Amendment of t he By-La ws

Upon motion, duly made and seconded, the r ecommen-

d a t i o n o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e f o r a m e n d m e n t s t o t h e

B y - L a w s , p r o v i d i n g f o r a n i n c r e a s e i n t h e m e m b e r s h i p o f

t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , a n d f o r c h a n g e i n t h e d a t e o f

the Annual Meeting, was unanimously agreed to .

Mem orial Resolutions

Upon motion, duly ma de a nd sec onded, re solutions

adopted by the Executive Committee in memor y of de-

ceased members were unanimously approved by a rising

v o t e .

Upon motion, duly made and seconded, the following

r e s o l u t i o n i n m e m o r y o f t h e l a t e B a r o n E d m o n d d e R o t h s -

c h i l d o f F r a n c e , w a s u n a n i m o u s l y a d o p t e d

The America n Jewish Committee sha res with the

J e w i s h C o m m u n i t i e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d t h e g r e a t l o s s

t h a t t h e y h a v e s u f f e r e d i n t h e p a s s i n g o f B a r o n E d m o n d

d e R o t h s c h i l d . H i s g e n e r o s i t y i n l a y i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n

o f t h e f i r s t s u b s t a n t i a l c o l o n i e s f o r t h e J e w s i n P a l e s t i n e

w a s i n s p i r e d b y a n e a r n e s t d e s i r e t o g i v e t h o u s a n d s o f

the distressed members of the Jewish community an

o p p o r t u n i t y t o r e c o n s t r u c t t h e i r l i v e s a n d t h e i r c a r e e r s

u n d e r m o r e f a v o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s .



24 The Americ an Jewish Committe e

T h e r e a l i z a t i o n t h a t t h e v a r i o u s d e e d s h e p e r f o r m e d

f o r t h e J e w r e f l e c t e d h i s d e e p l o v e f o r h i s c o - r e l i g i o n i s t s ,

g a i n e d f o r h i m t h e d e e p a f f e c t i o n o f h i s p e o p l e .

T h e b r e a d t h o f s y m p a t h y t h a t c h a r a c t e r i z e d a l l o f h i s

e n d e a v o r s a n d i n t e r e s t s w a s f u r t h e r i l l u s t r a t e d b y t h e

a s s i s t a n c e h e e x t e n d e d a n d t h e a m p l e p r o v i s i o n h e m a d e

f o r J e w i s h l e a r n i n g a n d f o r s c i e n t i f i c p u r p o s e s .

T h e n o t a b l e a c h i e v e m e n t s f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f h i s f e l l o w

J e w s , w i l l r e m a i n a p e r m a n e n t r e c o r d i n J e w i s h h i s t o r y

a n d h i s m u n i f i c e n t g i f t s t o s c i e n c e a n d a r t a n d t o t h e d e -

velopment of general culture will be remembered by

p o s t e r i t y w i t h g r a t e f u l a p p r e c i a t i o n .

The Amer ican Jewish Committ ee tenders to the fa m-

i l y o f B a r o n E d m o n d d e R o t h s c h i l d i t s d e e p s y m p a t h y .

Upon motion, adjourned .

MORRIS D. WALDMANS e c r e t a r y .



Annual Repor t

of

Th e Executive Committee



Annual Repor t of th e Exe cutive

C o m m i t t e e

T o t h e M e m b e rs o f t h e Am e ri c a n Jewis h C o m m i t t e e :

The s ituation of our bret hren in Germa ny a nd its reper-

cussions in other countri es, especia lly our o wn, continue

to be the chief concern of your Executive Committee . Themany problems pre s ented a r e car efully st udie d a nd

ear nestly discussed with a view to initiati ng actio n which

ma y lead to the ir solution, and fr equent meet ings of your

Committee a re held for these purposes . In additi on the

officer s and the executive staff confer with the many in-

dividuals and groups who, in the co urse of the y ea r, co me

with c onstructive suggesti ons . Our underly ing pri nciple

continues to be, as in the past, to do only th e things which,

in the considered opinion of your Co mmit tee, w i l l , d i r e c t l y

or indire ctly, help our fellow-Jews in Ger many, and whi c h

will strengthen the ca pacity of t he Jews in the United

States , to help the Jews of Germa ny a nd those of such

o t he r c o unt r i e s a s ha v e be e n adver s e ly a f f ec t ed b y t he

pernicious influence of Nazi fa lse doctr ines .

I. THE JEWISH SITUATION IN GERMANYTODAYC o nt r a r y t o s o m e r e p o r t s a n d rumo rs, t h e r e h as not

been any improvement in the si tuati on of the Jews of Ger-many . Indeed, the events of the past y ear show that the

men now in contr ol of the government ar e determ ined to

go fo rw a rd wit h t h e c omplet i on o f t h e program b egun in

Apri l 19 33 , of degra ding the Jews and Chr isti ans of Jew-

ish descent to a s tatus beneath tha t of aliens .

27



28 The American Jewish Committee

Since the last annual meeting in December 1933, the

o n l y i m p o r t a n t s o - c a l l e d " l e g i s l a t i o n " w a s t h e p u b l i c a t i o n

j u s t a y e a r a g o o f a n e w l a b o r l a w , a b o l i s h i n g t h e e n t i r e

b o d y o f l a b o r l e g i s l a t i o n e n a c t e d u n d e r t h e E m p i r e a n d t h e

R e p u b l i c , d i s s o l v i n g l a b o r u n i o n s , p r o h i b i t i n g s t r i k e s a n d

l o c k o u t s , a n d v e s t i n g d i c t a t o r i a l p o w e r s i n d i s t r i c t t r u s t e e s ,

w h o s e d e c i s i o n s a r e f i n a l i n a l l l a b o r q u e s t i o n s a n d d i s -

p u t e s . T h o u g h n o t d i s c r i m i n a t i n g s p e c i f i c a l l y a s a g a i n s t

Jews, the new law provides th at only member s of the

German Labor Front, an exclusively so-called "Aryan"

body of employer s and workers, may be appointed hon-

o r a r y l a b o r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n c o m m e r c i a l a n d i n d u s t r i a l

e n t e r p r i s e s .

S u b s e q u e n t t o t h e p r o m u l g a t i o n o f t h i s e d i c t n o l e g i s l a -

t i o n o f a n y i m p o r t a n c e h a s b e e n a n n o u n c e d , b u t t h e r e h a v e

b e e n m a n y j u d i c i a l d e c i s i o n s a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e r e g u l a -

t i o n s w h i c h i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e e d i c t s w h i c h h a v e b e e n p l a c e d

on Germany's statute books ar e regarded by the courts

a n d t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a u t h o r i t i e s a s s o m a n y g e n e r a l s u g -

g e s t i o n s w h o s e a p p l i c a t i o n i s l e f t e n t i r e l y t o t h e r e s o u r c e -

f u l n e s s a n d i n g e n u i t y o f t h e j u d i c i a l a n d e x e c u t i v e o r g a n s .

I n t h e c u r r e n t v o l u m e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h Y e a r B o o k ,

n o l e s s t h a n 3 0 p a g e s a r e g i v e n o v e r t o a l i s t o f e v e n t s s e -

lecte d fr om ma ny, which s how mor e vividly th an any

g e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o n t h e d i r e c t i o n w h i c h t h e m a l t r e a t m e n t

of Jews, and other so-called "non-Ary ans," is taking .

T h e s e e v e n t s i n c l u d e d s u c h h u m i l i a t i n g a c t i o n s a s r e q u i r -

i n g J e w i s h s t u d e n t s a t u n i v e r s i t i e s t o p r o c u r e r e g i s t r a t i o n

c a r d s o f a s p e c i a l co l o r ; l e g a l i z in g t h e c a nc e l l a t io n b y p u b -

l i s h e r s o f c o n t r a c t s w i t h J e w i s h a u t h o r s ; p r o h i b i t i n g J e w -

i s h d o c t o r s a n d d e n t i s t s , i n c i t i e s o f 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r o v e r ,

without excepting war veter ans, fro m employm ent by



Report o f Exec utive Committee 2 9

health insura nce panels ; prohi biti ng Jewish law s tudents

fr om serving the apprenticeship requir ed of all applicants

for a dmission to the bar ; discha rging all Jewish em ploy ees

of the ra ilroa d administra tion ; exc luding Jewish medica l

students fr om clinics ; intr oducing a numer us claus us for

Jews in schools of ar t, music, pedagogy a nd social service ;

forcing Jewish children to give the Hi tler sa lute when

teacher s enter or leave classr ooms ; permitti ng employer s

to dismiss employees so lely on the gro und tha t they ar eJews ; ab olishing pensions for r etir ed rabbis ; ra iding hea d-

quarter s o f Jewish organizations ; for cing Jewish hi gh-

scho ol students to a ttend lectur es on "racia l science" which

teache s inferior ity of Jews ; for bidding Jewish youth or-

ganizat ions to wear any k ind of uniform ; c i r c u l a t i n g so ng-

book s fo r children containing such titles a s "Deat h to

Judah," "March to Berlin to Make Jews Feel OurStrength," and "Hitler is the Germans' Protector Against

the Jews" ; and many others .

These har assing restr ictions apply chief ly to Jews in

professi onal a nd aca demic fields . But Jews engaged in

business were also ma ltrea ted and abused . T h i s i s s h own

by the many appeals by Na zis leaders , fr om Hi tler down,

instruct ing the ir f ollowers not to interf ere with business

enterprise s in the ha nds of Jews . It is clear, however,

from the fact tha t such appeals are fre quently repeate d,

that th e more rabid National Socialists still have the upper

hand in this r espect, that s uch inter fer ence is goi ng on

continually, and that the government cannot effectively

chec k i t without em ba rk ing upon a policy which would be

in direc t oppositio n to a t re mendous number of their fol-

lowing, who ha d been prepar ed for such a nti-Jewish t a c t i c s

by thir teen years of persistent agitatio n .




S u c h a g i t a t i o n s h o w s n o s i g n s o f a b a t e m e n t . I t i s i n -

d u l g e d i n b y t h e h e a d s o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t w h o a v a i l t h e m -

s e l v e s o f e v e r y o p p o r t u n i t y t o h e a p s l u r s a n d a b u s e o n t h e

Jews of Germany and on Jews everywhere else . Many

n e w s p a p e r s c o n t i n u e t o p u b l i s h d e f a m a t o r y a r t i c l e s o f a

m o s t v i r u l e n t t y p e . T h e l e a d e r s i n t h i s c h o r u s o f s c u r r i l i t y

a r e t h o s e p a p e r s w h i c h w e r e o r a r e s t i l l t h e p e r s o n a l m o u t h -

p i e c e s o f t h e N a z i l e a d e r s - t h e Voel kischer Beobachter,

f o r m e r l y e d i t e d b y H i t l e r ; t h e Angrif f , e d i t e d b y G o e b b e l s ;

t h e Westd eutscher Beobachter, e d i t e d b y R o b e r t L e y , t h e

h e a d o f t h e G e r m a n L a b o r F r o n t ; a n d Der Stuermer and

t h e Fraenkische Tageszeitung, e d i t e d b y J u l i u s S t r e i c h e r ,

Governor of Middle and Lower Franconia . B e s i d e s t h e

h a r a n g u e s o f o f f i c i a l s a n d t h e o u t b u r s t s o f t h e p r e s s , t h e

h u e a n d c r y a g a i n s t t h e J e w s i s t a k e n u p b y a n a r m y o f

w r i t e r s t h r o u g h a f l o o d o f p a m p h l e t s a n d b o o k s i n w h i c h

J e w s a r e h e l d u p t o s c o r n , r i d i c u l e , a n d o b l o q u y .

A f e w i l l u s t r a t i o n s w i l l s e r v e t o s h o w t h e c o n t e n t a n d

s h a m e l e s s n e s s o f t h i s p r o p a g a n d a . Earl y in November

193 4, i n a s p e e c h i n W e i m a r , A d o l f H i t l e r d e c l a r e d t h a t

h e r e j o i c e d t h a t t h e 6 0 , 0 0 0 r e f u g e e s , t o w h o m h e r e f e r r e d

a s c r i m i n a l s , a r e o u t o f G e r m a n y , a n d e x p r e s s e d t h e h o p e

t h a t m a n y m o r e w i l l f o l l o w . L a t e r i n t h e s a m e m o n t h ,

i n a n a d d r e s s b e f o r e t h e n e w l y - c r e a t e d N a t i o n a l H e a l t h

Committee, Dr . W i l h e l m F r i c k , M i n i s t e r o f t h e I n t e r i o r ,

d e c l a r e d i t t o b e t h e d u t y o f t h e m e m b e r s t o p u r i f y t h e

G e r m a n n a t i o n o f J e w i s h b l o o d m i x t u r e , t h r o u g h s t r i c t

a d h e r e n c e t o " r a c i a l " p r i n c i p l e s . I n D e c e m b e r , t h e M i n -

i s t r y o f t h e I n t e r i o r i s s u e d a p r e s s s t a t e m e n t e x p l a i n i n g

t h a t t h e G e r m a n r a c e p o l i c y a i m s o n l y a t J e w s a n d n o t a t

J a p a n e s e o r H i n d u s , w h i c h w e r e s t y l e d " a n c i e n t n a t i o n s o f

h i g h c u l t u r e . " I n e x t e n d i n g N e w Y e a r ' s g r e e t i n g s t o t h e

r e a d e r s of Der Stuermer . S t r e i c h e r e x p r e s s e d t h e h o p e



Report of Executive Committee 3 1

that the year 19 34 would s ee the annihil ation of the Jews .

In J anuary 1 934, in a public ad dress in Upper Silesia,

Fran z von Papen, then Vice Chancellor, declared that

German y in tend s to proceed w ith the racia l policy a nd "to

make Jews disappear from public l ife in German y ." About

a week later, the same thought was expressed, in a news-

paper article, by Wil helm Kube, former leader of the Nazi

faction in the Pruss ian Diet, now governor of Bran den-

burg . A few d ay s l ater, in ch aracteristical ly intemperate

la ngua ge, Jul ius Streicher urged a boycott of not onl y

businesses owned by Jews , but also those formerly owned

by Jews an d transferred to non-Jews, even if such a boy-

cott sh ould result in further unemployment . In Febru-

ary, the Westdeutscher Beobachter, edited by Robert Ley,

declared that so long as a s ingle German remains unem-

ployed, the entrance of Jews into agriculture is impossible .

In April, in an article published in the journal of the Na-

tional Socialist Jurists Association, Dr . R. Foerer, Director

of the La w Courts, ad vocated that permis sion to marry

be accorded to only "race-pure, healthy, full -fledged Ger-

man citizens . "

Probably the most outrageous instance of anti-Jewish

propaga nda during the year was the publication in Ma y

19 34 of a s pecial "Ritual Murder Number" of Der

Stuermer in w hich virtual ly the entire paper was given

over to articles on this in famous accus ation, an d ch arges

that Jews are plan ning the most gruesome "ritual murder"

of Hitler and his followers . These articles w ere adorned

with shamelessly indecent illustrations . This publication wa s

permitted to pass without a word of public rebuke from the

government, but when, in J une, the Juedisches Famiilien-

b l a t t publish ed a special supplement refuting the ritual




m u r d e r a c c u s a t i o n s o f Der Stuermer , the supplement was

c o n f i s c a t e d o n t h e g r o u n d t h a t i t w a s l i k e l y t o a r o u s e d i s -

q u i e t a m o n g t h e p o p u l a t i o n .

I n t h e m e a n t i m e , t h e l e g a l s t a t u s o f t h e J e w s a n d o t h e r

"non-Arya ns" rem ai ns undefined . T e c h n i c a l l y , i n s o f a r a s

t h e s o - c a l l e d " A r y a n p a r a g r a p h " d o e s n o t a p p l y t o t h e m ,

m e m b e r s o f t h e s e g r o u p s s t i l l r e t a i n t h e s t a t u s o f f u l l -

f l e d g e d c i t i z e n s ; a c t u a l l y , h o w e v e r , t h e y a r e d e p r i v e d o f

r i g h t s w h i c h a r e e n j o y e d e v e n b y a l i e n s i n a l l c i v i l i z e d

l a n d s . T h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t h a s b e e n s t u d y i n g t h e s u b j e c t

i s i n d i c a t e d b y s t a t e m e n t s m a d e b y o f f i c i a l s o r o t h e r p e r -

s o n s c l o s e t o t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . Thus, in November 1933,

A l f r e d R o s e n b e r g , o f f i c i a l p h i l o s o p h e r o f t h e N a z i m o v e -

ment, declared that the government will recognize the

G e r m a n J e w s a s a n a t i o n a l m i n o r i t y w h e n t h e y a r e i s o l a t e d

in a special territory within Germany-in other words,

a g h e t t o . I n J a n u a r y 1 9 3 4 , H e l m u t N i c o l a i , p r e s i d e n t o f

the Government of M agdeburg, published a scheme f or

c i t i z e n s h i p i n t h e N a z i s t a t e i n w h i c h h e p r o p o s e d t h e

division of Germa ns into fo ur groups : ( 1 ) f u l l - b l o o d e d

"Ary an" Germ an cit izens ; ( 2 ) f o r e i g n e r s r e s i d i n g i n G e r -

m a ny ; (3) Germans residing abroad ; (4) Germa n citi-

z e n s o f " a l i e n " b l o o d , p a r t i c u l a r l y J e w s , P o l e s a n d g y p s i e s

of Germ an citizenship who shall have protect ion of the

Germa n state but ma y not hold public of fice, ma rr y

" A r y a n s " o r p r a c t i c e c e r t a i n p r o f e s s i o n s . I t w i l l b e n o t e d

t h a t t h i s p l a n , i n w h i c h " G e r m a n c i t i z e n s o f a l i e n b l o o d "

a r e t h e l o w e s t c l a s s , c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e a c t u a l s i t u a t i o n o f

the Jews of Germ any who a re excluded from public

o f f i c e a n d f r o m p r a c t i c a l l y a l l p r o f e s s i o n s .

T h e r e s u l t s o f a l m o s t t w o y e a r s o f t h i s r u t h l e s s o p p r e s -

s i o n o f t h e J e w s a r e n o t a s w i d e l y k n o w n a s t h e y d e s e r v e t o



Report o f Executive Committee 3 3

b e . A n n o u n c e m e n t s t h u s f a r m a d e i n d i c a t e t h a t i n S o u t h -

e r n W e s t p h a l i a a t o t a l o f 7 , 2 0 0 , a n d i n P r u s s i a n o l e s s

t h a n 1 0 , 0 0 0 J e w s w h o h a d b e e n n a t u r a l i z e d h a v e b e e n d e -

p r i v e d o f t h e i r c i t i z e n s h i p . R e c e n t l y i n a c a b l e d n e w s

d i s p a t c h t o t h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s , d a t e d B e r l i n , D e c e m -

b e r 8 , 1 9 3 4 , a c o m p r e h e n s i v e r e v i e w w a s g i v e n o f t h e s o c i a l

a n d e c o n o m i c h a v o c w h i c h h a s c o m e i n t h e w a k e o f t h e

N a z i a n t i - J e w i s h p o l i c i e s . T h e f i g u r e s g i v e n a r e e i t h e r

e s t i m a t e s o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e f o r R e l i e f a n d R e c o n -

s t r u c t i o n , e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y , o r o f f i c i a l

g o v e r n m e n t s t a t i s t i c s . F o l l o w i n g i s a b a l d o u t l i n e o f t h e

a p p a l l i n g f a c t s

Over 60,000 Ger man Jews and fr om 25 ,000 to 30,000

J e w s o f f o r e i g n n a t i o n a l i t y h a v e l e f t t h e c o u n t r y .

A b o u t 2 , 0 0 0 c i v i l e m p l o y e e s w i t h a c a d e m i c p r e p a r a t i o n

f o r t h e i r c a l l i n g s , h a v e b e e n d i s c h a r g e d .

A b o u t 4 , 0 0 0 J e w s i n v a r i o u s b r a n c h e s o f t h e l e g a l p r o -

f e s s i o n h a v e b e e n o u s t e d f r o m t h i s f i e l d .

A b o u t 4 , 0 0 0 p h y s i c i a n s h a v e b e e n e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e

health insurance service, from which 90% of German

p h y s i c i a n s d e r i v e t h e b u l k o f t h e i r p r o f e s s i o n a l i n c o m e .

( T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e e s t i m a t e s t h a t 2 , 0 0 0 f o r m e r p h y -

s i c i a n s a r e n o w d e p e n d e n t o n c h a r i t y . )

T h e 1 0 , 5 0 0 J e w s f o r m e r l y e n g a g e d i n p u b l i c h e a l t h a n d

s o c i a l s e r v i c e h a v e b e e n d e p r i v e d o f t h e i r p o s i t i o n s .

N o f e w e r t h a n 8 0 0 c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y p r o f e s s o r s

h a v e b e e n o u s t e d f r o m t h e i r p o s i t i o n s b e c a u s e t h e y a r e

"non-Aryans" ; o f t h i s n u m b e r , 3 5 0 h a v e b e e n d e p r i v e d

o f a l l g o v e r n m e n t a i d s i n c e O c t o b e r 1 , 1 9 3 3 .

O f t h e 1 , 2 0 0 J e w i s h t e a c h e r s i n s t a t e e l e m e n t a r y a n d

s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s , a l l b u t 3 0 0 h a v e b e e n d i s m i s s e d .

W i t h v e r y f e w e x c e p t i o n s , a l l o f t h e 1 , 2 0 0 J e w i s h j o u r -

n a l i s t s a n d w r i t e r s h a v e b e e n e x p e l l e d f r o m t h e i r p o s i t i o n s .




A b o u t 2 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h a c t o r s , s i n g e r s , a n d v a u d e v i l l e a r -

t i s t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m e m p l o y m e n t .

A l t h o u g h t h e a u t h o r i t i e s h a v e f o r b i d d e n i n t e r f e r e n c e

w i t h t h e b u s i n e s s o f J e w s , 3 0 , 0 0 0 o f t h e 8 0 , 0 0 0 J e w s e m -

p l o y e d i n b u s i n e s s f i r m s h a v e l o s t t h e i r p o s i t i o n s .

A t o t a l o f 3 5 , 0 0 0 a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r e m p l o y m e n t w e r e r e -

c e i v e d b y t h e J e w i s h e m p l o y m e n t b u r e a u i n B e r l i n , d u r i n g

t h e l a s t t h r e e m o n t h s o f 1 9 3 3 , c h i e f l y f r o m f o r m e r e m -

p l o y e e s of b a n k s , b u s i n e s s h o u s e s , a n d i n d u s t r i e s .

A t o t a l o f 9 0 , 0 0 0 s h o p k e e p e r s h a v e a p p l i e d f o r a s s i s t a n c e

t o t h e v a r i o u s J e w i s h e c o n o m i c a i d b u r e a u s .

S t u p e n d o u s a s t h i s c a l a m i t y i s , t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y

h a v e n o t a l l o w e d t h e m s e l v e s t o y i e l d t o d e s p a i r . D i s -

m a y e d a n d h u m i l i a t e d b y t h e d e g r a d a t i o n t o w h i c h t h e y

h a v e b e e n s u b j e c t e d , t h e y a r e n e v e r t h e l e s s e n d e a v o r i n g ,

w i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n a l t e n a c i t y a n d f o r t i t u d e o f o u r p e o p l e

i n t h e f a c e o f d i s a s t e r t o a d j u s t t h e m s e l v e s a s m u c h a s

c o n d i t i o n s p e r m i t , t o t h e i r n e w s i t u a t i o n . T h e y h a v e s e t u p

a c e n t r a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e b o d y c o m p r i s i n g d e p a r t m e n t s f o r

r e l i e f , f i n a n c i a l a i d t o b u s i n e s s m e n , r e t r a i n i n g o f t h e u n -

e m p l o y e d f o r o c c u p a t i o n s w h i c h a r e n o t y e t u n d e r t h e b a n ,

t h e p r o m o t i o n o f c u l t u r a l a c t i v i t i e s , r e p a t r i a t i o n o f f o r e i g n

J e w s , e m i g r a t i o n , a n d s e t t l e m e n t i n P a l e s t i n e . The com-

m u n i t y h a s f o u n d i t n e c e s s a r y t o e s t a b l i s h a s c h o o l s y s t e m

o f i t s o w n f o r t h e e d u c a t i o n o f i t s c h i l d r e n , f o r w h o m

a t t e n d a n c e a t p u b l i c s c h o o l s i s f r e q u e n t l y m a d e i n t o l e r -

a b l e . A l r e a d y 1 5 , 0 0 0 o f t h e 6 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h c h i l d r e n o f

e l e m e n t a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l a g e a r e b e i n g i n s t r u c t e d

i n t h e s e s c h o o l s w h i c h , i n c i d e n t a l l y , g i v e e m p l o y m e n t t o a

l a r g e n u m b e r o f t h e J e w i s h t e a c h e r s o u s t e d f r o m t h e i r

p o s i t i o n s i n t h e s t a t e s c h o o l s .

I n t h e s e e f f o r t s a t a d j u s t m e n t , t h e J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y

d o e s n o t a l w a y s h a v e t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f t h e a u t h o r i t i e s .




D i f f i c u l t i e s a r e e n c o u n t e r e d e s p e c i a l l y i n e f f o r t s t o t r a i n

Jews for far m work . T h e s e a r e m e e t i n g v i g o r o u s o p p o -

s i t i o n f r o m N a z i q u a r t e r s . I n N o v e m b e r 1 9 3 3 , t h e M u n i c h

L a n d p o s t , o r g a n o f N a z i p e a s a n t s , p r i n t e d a w a r n i n g t o

J e w s n o t t o t r a i n f o r a g r i c u l t u r e b e c a u s e G e r m a n s o i l b e -

l o n g s t o G e r m a n s o n l y , a n d a d v i s e d t h e m t o l e a v e G e r m a n y

a l t o g e t h e r . A J e w i s h l a n d o w n e r i n M e c k l e n b u r g , w h o e m -

ployed a number of young Jews, was ar rested by the

S e c r e t P o l i c e a n d ' o n l y r e l e a s e d w h e n h e u n d e r t o o k t o d i s -

m i s s a l l t h e s e J e w s . T h e C h a m b e r o f A g r i c u l t u r e f o r t h e

P r o v i n c e o f B r a n d e n b u r g h a s i s s u e d i n s t r u c t i o n s t o a l l

p e a s a n t s t h a t o n l y " A r y a n s " a r e t o b e a d m i t t e d f o r t r a i n -

i n g i n l a n d w o r k . A t G i e s s e n i n H e s s e n t h e p e a s a n t s

w e r e t h r e a t e n e d t h a t t h e y w o u l d b e b o y c o t t e d i f t h e y d i d

n o t d i s m i s s a l l t h e J e w s w h o m t h e y h a d i n t r a i n i n g .

D e s p i t e t h e s e d i f f i c u l t i e s , t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y a r e

c o u r a g e o u s l y p r o c e e d i n g i n t h e i r e f f o r t s t o a d a p t t h e m -

s e l v e s t o t h e d e p l o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s w h i c h h a v e b e e n f o r c e d

upon them . A n d t h e o n l y v o i c e w h i c h c o n d e m n s t h i s u n -

p r e c e d e n t e d i n j u s t i c e i s t h e v o i c e o f r e l i g i o n , e x p r e s s e d a t

g r e a t r i s k b y c o u r a g e o u s P r o t e s t a n t M i n i s t e r s a n d R o m a n

C a t h o l i c p r e l a t e s .

As has already been reported to you, the American

J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n w a t c h i n g e v e n t s i n G e r m a n y

n o t o n l y d u r i n g t h e r e c e n t c r i s i s , b u t f o r a n u m b e r o f

y e a r s p r e c e d i n g i t . S e v e r a l t r i p s w e r e m a d e b y t r a i n e d

i n v e s t i g a t o r s a n d m e m b e r s o f T h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m -

m i t t e e i n 1 9 2 8 , 1 9 2 9 , 1 9 3 0 , 1 9 3 1 a n d 1 9 3 2 a s w e l l a s i n

t h e p a s t y e a r , 1 9 3 4 . On a number of occ asions the

C o m m i t t e e c a l l e d s p e c i a l c o n f e r e n c e s t o d i s c u s s t h e G e r -

m a n s i t u a t i o n . A l l a l o n g , y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n i n

c l o s e t o u c h w i t h t h e c o n d i t i o n s a n d h a s c o r r e s p o n d e d a n d



3 6 T he American Jewish Committee

m e t w i t h t h e l e a d e r s o f r e s p o n s i b l e J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s

o f t h i s c o u n t r y a n d a b r o a d , i n a n e f f o r t t o u n d e r t a k e u s e f u l

a c t i o n . D i f f i c u l t a s t h e s i t u a t i o n i s , t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h

C o m m i t t e e h a s b r o u g h t i t s i n f l u e n c e , a n d w i l l c o n t i n u e t o

d o s o , i n b e h a l f o f t h e h a r a s s e d J e w s o f G e r m a n y .

I I. OTHER CENTERS OF INTEREST ABROADY o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s f o l l o w e d w i t h g r e a t c o n c e r n t h e

s p r e a d o f a n t i - J e w i s h d o c t r i n e s a n d t h e r i s e o f a n t i - J e w i s h

m o v e m e n t s i n v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s . T h e a d v o c a t e s o f t h e s e

p r o g r a m s d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e J e w s h a v e b e e n s t i m u l a t e d

b o t h b y t h e a p p a r e n t s u c c e s s o f t h e G e r m a n N a t i o n a l S o -

c i a l i s t s i n c a p t u r i n g p o l i t i c a l p o w e r a n d b y t h e p r o p a g a n d a

b e i n g s p r e a d i n m a n y c o u n t r i e s u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e

N a z i f o r e i g n P r o p a g a n d a O f f i c e . E v e n i n G r e a t B r i t a i n ,

t h e B l a c k S h i r t s o f S i r O s w a l d M o s l e y r e a c h e d i n A p r i l

w h a t s i n c e h a s a p p e a r e d t o b e t h e p i n n a c l e o f t h e i r s u c c e s s

i n a t t r a c t i n g a c r o w d o f 1 0 , 0 0 0 t o a r a l l y i n R o y a l A l b e r t

Hall, London . M o s l e y d e c l a r e d t h a t h i s m o v e m e n t e x -

c l u d e d t h e J e w s " b e c a u s e a s a c l a s s t h e y a r e h o s t i l e t o u s . "

A s a r e s u l t o f t h e d i s g r a c e i n t o w h i c h H i t l e r i s m f e l l , f o l -

l o w i n g t h e e v e n t s o f t h e " b l o o d y w e e k - e n d " o f J u n e 3 0 ,

1 9 34 , a n d t h e w i t h d r a w a l o f t h e s u p p o r t o f L o r d R o t h e r -

m e r e ' s n e w s p a p e r s , t h e i n f l u e n c e o f M o s l e y ' s m o v e m e n t

h a s c o n s i d e r a b l y d e c l i n e d .

B u t t h e e f f e c t o f t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t a n t i - J e w i s h

p r o p a g a n d a h a s b e e n m o s t h e a v i l y f e l t i n t h o s e c o u n t r i e s

adjacent to Germa ny which a re inhab ited' by German-

s p e a k i n g p e o p l e s a n d w h i c h t h e r e f o r e a r e c o n s i d e r e d o b -

j e c t s o f h e r t e r r i t o r i a l e x p a n s i o n ; n a m e l y , A u s t r i a , D a n -

z i g , a n d t h e S a a r B a s i n , a n d e v e n S w i t z e r l a n d . I t h a s

a l s o g i v e n f r e s h i m p e t u s t o e x i s t i n g a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t i o n



Report o f Executive Committee 37

i n P o l a n d , R o u m a n i a , a n d s e v e r a l o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a t c o n -

s i d e r a b l e d i s t a n c e s f r o m G e r m a n y .

A u s t r i a

A u s t r i a , b o u n d b y t i e s o f l a n g u a g e a n d c u l t u r e t o G e r -

m a n y a n d s u f f e r i n g s e v e r e e c o n o m i c d i s t r e s s , h a s b e e n t h e

s c e n e o f s e r i o u s s t r u g g l e s i n w h i c h t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e J e w -

i s h p o p u l a t i o n w a s o f g r e a t c o n c e r n . C h a n c e l l o r D o l l f u s s

h a d , u p t o t h e t i m e o f h i s a s s a s s i n a t i o n , r e f u s e d t o a l l o w

N a z i a g i t a t i o n a g a i n s t t h e J e w i s h m e r c h a n t s , p r o f e s s i o n a l

p e o p l e , a n d s t u d e n t s t o g o u n c h a l l e n g e d . Although on

S e p t e m b e r 1 5 t h , 1 9 3 3 , h e h a d o u t l i n e d h i s p l a n s f o r a

" C h r i s t i a n - G e r m a n s t a t e o n F a s c i s t l i n e s , " h e g a v e u n -

e q u i v o c a l a s s u r a n c e s t h a t t h e r e w o u l d b e n o d i s c r i m i n a t i o n

a g a i n s t t h e J e w s . Y e t , t h e r e c a m e n o t i n f r e q u e n t t h r e a t s

t o t h e a l l e g e d J e w i s h " d o m i n a t i o n " o f A u s t r i a o n t h e p a r t

o f h i g h g o v e r n m e n t a n d C h u r c h o f f i c i a l s , i n c l u d i n g j u d g e

Ranzenhoffe r of the High Court . The timely warning

from George H . E a r l e , t h e n A m e r i c a n M i n i s t e r t o V i e n n a ,

a n d p u b l i c s t a t e m e n t s f r o m c e r t a i n C a t h o l i c b i s h o p s , a s

w e l l a s P r i n c e v o n S t a h r e m b e r g , l e a d e r o f t h e H e i m w e h r ,

t e n d e d t o c l e a r t h e a t m o s p h e r e . H o w e v e r , e a r l y i n t h e

s p r i n g o f 1 9 3 4 , c a m e r e p o r t s o f o p e n d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t

J e w i s h d o c t o r s , r a d i o a r t i s t s , b a n k c l e r k s , e t c . ; a n d t h e

s e r i o u s e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n o f t h e V i e n n e s e J e w s w a s r e -

v e a l e d o n P a s s o v e r w h e n 3 0 , 0 0 0 o f t h e 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h

f a m i l i e s i n t h e c i t y w e r e f o r c e d t o s e e k r e l i e f . A f t e r

C h a n c e l l o r D o l l f u s s h a d b e e n m u r d e r e d b y A u s t r i a n N a z i s

i n a n a t t e m p t e d r e v o l u t i o n , D r . K u r t S c h u s c h n i g g , M i n -

i s t e r o f E d u c a t i o n i n t h e D o l l f u s s C a b i n e t , w a s c h o s e n

C h a n c e l l o r .

A l t h o u g h C h a n c e l l o r S c h u s c h n i g g ' s a c c e s s i o n t o p o w e r




left the Jewish community somewhat apprehensive be-

c a u s e o f t h e g r o w i n g s t r e n g t h o f t h e N a z i m o v e m e n t , h e

p r o c l a i m e d h i s d e s i r e t o f o l l o w i n t h e f o o t s t e p s o f h i s

m a r t y r e d p r e d e c e s s o r . I n a n i n t e r v i e w i n G e n e v a a f t e r

t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s ' A s s e m b l y , h e d e -

c l a r e d

" T h e r e i s e q u a l i t y f o r a l l a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r o u t w a r d a n d

i n w a r d a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h e S t a t e a n d s o c i e t y . T h u s , r e -

p o r t s o f d i s c r i m i n a t o r y t r e a t m e n t c u r r e n t a b r o a d a r e n o t

t r u e . I t i s t r u e , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e s p e c i f i c c h a r a c t e r o f

t h e J e w i s h q u e s t i o n i n V i e n n a i s p r i m a r i l y d u e t o t h e

p o l i t i c a l c o n d i t i o n o f t h e p o s t - w a r n a t u r a l i z a t i o n s y s t e m ,

s t r e n g t h e n e d b y t h e J e w i s h i n f l u x f r o m e a s t e r n E u r o p e .

A s a c o n s e q u e n c e , t h e r e h a s b e e n a c e r t a i n r e a c t i o n , b u t

t h e l a w p r o t e c t s a l l c i t i z e n s e q u a l l y i f t h e y a r e l o y a l . "

N e v e r t h e l e s s , s i n c e C h a n c e l l o r S c h u s c h n i g g ' s a c c e s s i o n ,

y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n f o r c e d t o t a k e n o t i c e o f t h e a p -

p a r e n t l y g r o w i n g d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t J e w i s h p r o f e s -

s i o n a l m e n a n d b u s i n e s s p e o p l e w h i c h i s e x p r e s s e d i n p r a c -

t i c e i f n o t b y l e g i s l a t i o n . Although the new regime is

s u b j e c t t o t h e m o s t i n t e n s e p r e s s u r e f r o m N a t i o n a l S o -

c i a l i s t c i r c l e s , a s s u r a n c e s h a v e b e e n g i v e n o f t h e d e s i r e o n

t h e p a r t o f t h e p r e s e n t g o v e r n m e n t t o s a f e g u a r d a n i n d e -

p e n d e n t A u s t r i a . I n s p i t e o f t h e d i s t u r b i n g r e p o r t s o f

v a r i o u s d i s c r i m i n a t i o n s a g a i n s t J e w s , w e h a v e v e r y r e -

c e n t l y r e c e i v e d s o m e w h a t r e a s s u r i n g a d v i c e s f r o m a h i g h l y

a u t h o r i t a t i v e a n d i n f l u e n t i a l s o u r c e w h i c h l e a d s u s t o h o p e

t h a t i n s p i t e o f t h e N a z i p r e s s u r e o n t h e p u b l i c a u t h o r i t i e s

i n t h a t c o u n t r y , t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h e J e w s w i l l n o t b e a d -

v e r s e l y a f f e c t e d . A n d , w h i l e r e c e n t r e p o r t s o f d i s c r i m i n a -

t i o n a t a V i e n n a H o c h s c h u l e m a y j u s t i f y s o m e m i s g i v i n g s ,

t h e o p i n i o n p r e v a i l s t h a t s u c h e v e n t s a r e o n l y s i n g l e c a s e s

w h i c h w i l l n o t p e r m i t g e n e r a l i z a t i o n .




In the m e anti m e, your Committee ha s e nde a vo r ed to

kee p in close touch b oth with Jewish a nd non-Jewish or -

ganizat ions and individuals, has h ad a number of c onfer -

ences on the s ubject , and ha s s u b m i t t e d i t s r e c o m -

mendat ions and proposals for the a dvice a nd considera tion

of the jo int Council of the America n Jewish Committee ,

the Amer ica n Jewish Congres s, and the B'nai B'ri th .

Poland

Th e sit uati on of the Jews in Poland ha s continued to

engage your Committee' s close a ttention . Ear ly in July,

the Secretar y of the Committee paid a visit to that coun-

try , and conferr ed with a number of leaders . His visit

was followed later in the summer by a visit of Mr . Neville

Laski , co-chair man of the joint Foreign Committee . ThePolish government had ma de str enuous eff or ts to prevent

the violent agitatio n of the Endek s, (Na tional Democr at ic

Par ty) a political par ty with a n avowed anti-Jewish pro-

gram. Despite the signing of a non-aggre ssio n pac t withG e r m a ny , a n a c t w h i c h w a s c o m m o n ly r e ga r de d a s s i g -

nifyi ng a c ha nge in Polish f or eign policy, th e Na zi ex-

am ple was not followed by th e Gover nment . On Feb rua r y

11, 1 934, Bronislaw Piera cki, Mi nister o f Interior, de-

clared in the Sejm t hat the government would not t olerat e

"ra ce a nd national conflicts because they are alien to th e

histo ric al spiri t of t he Polish people . " Ye t, the gover n-

ment was consta ntly subje cte d to th e politi ca l influence of

the a nti-Jewish parti es .

In the spring of 1 93 4, the y outhful elements in the

Endek s or ganized a nat ional ra dica l par ty, k nown as the

N a r a , de m a nding i m m e d i a t e e l i m i n a t i o n o f Jews fromcit izenship and pro fes sio nal and public life . Th is intense



T h e A n w r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e

p r o p a g a n d a a n d a g i t a t i o n r e s u l t e d i n t h e a s s a s s i n a t i o n o n

J u n e 1 5 , o f C o l o n e l B r o n i s l a w P i e r a c k i w h o h a d o p p o s e d

t h e g r o w t h o f a n t i - S e m i t i s m . W h o l e s a l e a r r e s t s o f t h e

N a r a l e a d e r s f o l l o w e d , a n d t h e g o v e r n m e n t s u p p r e s s e d t h e

N a r a m o v e m e n t a n d f o r b a d e t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f i t s o f f i c i a l

o r g a n .

T h e d e s p e r a t e e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n o f t h e P o l i s h J e w s i s

g r o u n d f o r p r o f o u n d a n x i e t y . In a me mor andum sub-

mitt ed to the Government, the Jewish Economic Com-

m i t t e e o f W a r s a w d e c l a r e d t h a t b e t w e e n 6 0 a n d 8 0 p e r

c e n t o f J e w i s h w o r k e r s a r e u n e m p l o y e d , 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h

f a m i l i e s a r e l i v i n g b e l o w t h e p o v e r t y l i n e , 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h

f a m i l i e s a r e u t t e r l y d e s t i t u t e ; a n d J e w i s h p r o f e s s i o n a l

p e o p l e a r e f i n d i n g i t i n c r e a s i n g l y d i f f i c u l t t o e a r n a l i v e l i -

hood . I n a n a d d r e s s t o t h e C e n t r a l O r g a n i z a t i o n o f J e w i s h

M e r c h a n t s i n W a r s a w , l a s t A p r i l , o n e o f t h e J e w i s h l e a d e r s

d e c l a r e d t h a t 75% o f t h e J e w s l i v i n g i n s m a l l t o w n s a r e

n e a r s t a r v a t i o n .

T h e f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f P o l a n d h a s u n d e r g o n e s u b s t a n t i a l

c h a n g e d u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r . I t a p p e a r s n o w t h a t s h e i s

p u r s u i n g a p o l i c y i n d e p e n d e n t o f F r a n c e , h e r s u p p o s e d

a l l y . T h e n o n - a g g r e s s i o n p a c t w i t h G e r m a n y h a s a l r e a d y

b e e n r e f e r r e d t o . H o w e v e r , t h e C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n a s -

s u r e d b y h i g h o f f i c i a l s o f t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t t h a t t h i s

d o e s n o t i m p l y a n a c c e p t a n c e o f t h e d o m e s t i c p o l i c i e s o f

t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t g o v e r n m e n t , o r s y m p a t h y w i t h i t s

a i m s , a n y m o r e t h a n P o l a n d ' s t r e a t y w i t h S o v i e t R u s s i a

w o u l d s i g n i f y a n a c c e p t a n c e o f h e r f o r m o f g o v e r n m e n t .

A n d y e t , w h e n d u r i n g t h e s e s s i o n s o f t h e L e a g u e A s s e m b l y

in Septembe r, Foreign Ministe r Beck a nnounced that

" P e n d i n g t h e b r i n g i n g i n t o f o r c e o f a g e n e r a l a n d

u n i f o r m s y s t e m f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f m i n o r i t i e s , m y

g o v e r n m e n t f i n d s i t s e l f c o m p e l l e d t o r e f u s e a s f r o m



Report of Exec utive Commi ttee 41

t o d a y a l l c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n

t h e m a t t e r o f s u p e r v i s i o n o f t h e a p p l i c a t i o n b y P o l a n d

o f a s y s t e m o f m i n o r i t y p r o t e c t i o n , "

f e a r s w e r e e x p r e s s e d t h a t t h e J e w i s h m i n o r i t y i n P o l a n d

w o u l d s u f f e r . H o w e v e r , a s s u r a n c e s w e r e g i v e n t h a t t h i s

d e c l a r a t i o n w a s i n n o w i s e d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e m . P o l i s h

J e w i s h l e a d e r s a n d n e w s p a p e r s e x p r e s s e d r e g r e t a t t h e l o s s

o f t h i s s a f e g u a r d a n d s y m b o l , a l t h o u g h t h e y g e n e r a l l y

a g r e e d t h a t i n p r a c t i c e i t h a d m e a n t l i t t l e . A s a m a t t e r o f

f a c t , h o w e v e r , t h e J e w s o f P o l a n d d o e n j o y m a n y r i g h t s

w h i c h w e r e d e n i e d t h e m u n d e r t h e T s a r i s t g o v e r n m e n t ,

a n d t h e g r e a t p r o b l e m o f t h e J e w i s h m i n o r i t y i s a n e c o -

n o m i c a n d s o c i a l , r a t h e r t h a n a l e g a l , o n e . For ma ny

m o n t h s p a s t t h e r e h a v e b e e n f r e q u e n t r e p o r t s o f t h e d i s -

t r e s s i n g e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f

P o l a n d a n d s e v e r e c r i t i c i s m o f t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t ,

c h a r g i n g t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t n o t o n l y h a s f a i l e d t o i m -

p r o v e t h e i r c o n d i t i o n s b u t h a s a c t u a l l y p u r s u e d a d e l i b e r a t e

p o l i c y o f d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t t h e J e w s . C o m p l a i n t s o f

t h e s a m e t e n o r w e r e s u b m i t t e d b y s o m e J e w i s h d e p u t i e s

i n t h e P o l i s h P a r l i a m e n t w h o h a v e c a l l e d a t t e n t i o n t o t h e

e x c e s s i v e l y d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e b u r d e n o f t a x a t i o n p l a c e d

u p o n t h e u r b a n p o p u l a t i o n , o f w h i c h t h e J e w s c o n s t i t u t e

a h i g h p e r c e n t a g e . S t r i c t u r e s h a v e a l s o b e e n m a d e a t t h e

g o v e r n m e n t ' s f a i l u r e t o e m p l o y J e w s i n i t s s e r v i c e a n d i n

g o v e r n m e n t i n d u s t r i a l m o n o p o l i e s .

T h o u g h t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t h a s f a i l e d t o s a t i s f y t h e

m a j o r c o m p l a i n t s o f t h e J e w i s h c i t i z e n r y , a m o r e s e a r c h i n g

s t u d y o f t h e P o l i s h J e w i s h p r o b l e m s h o u l d b e m a d e , a n d a

f u l l e r r e a l i z a t i o n o f t h e c o m p l e x i t i e s i n v o l v e d s h o u l d b e

b o r n e i n m i n d . T h a t t h e e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n o f t h e P o l i s h

J e w s i s d e s p e r a t e , i s u n h a p p i l y t r u e . U n d o u b t e d l y , t o o ,




t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c i a l s e x e r c i s e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n f r o m

t i m e t o t i m e a n d c e r t a i n l e g i s l a t i o n b e a r s w i t h p a r t i c u l a r

hardship upon Jews . A t t a c k s o n t h e g o v e r n m e n t , h a v e

f a i l e d t o t a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n e i t h e r t h e e c o n o m i c d i f f i -

c u l t i e s o f P o l a n d i n g e n e r a l o r t h e s p e c i a l d i l e m m a w i t h

w h i c h t h e p r e s e n t g o v e r n m e n t i s f a c e d .

T h e p o l i c y o f t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t s h o w s p l a i n l y a

p r e f e r e n c e f o r t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l o v e r t h e u r b a n i n t e r e s t s .

T h e g o v e r n m e n t i s a l s o i n f l u e n c e d b y i t s d e s i r e t o p u r s u e

a n i n d e p e n d e n t c o u r s e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l m a t t e r s . F i n a l l y ,

t h e g o v e r n m e n t i s s e v e r e l y h a n d i c a p p e d b e c a u s e o f t h e

p r e v a i l i n g e c o n o m i c d e p r e s s i o n i n P o l a n d . We believe

t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t o f P o l a n d r e c o g n i z e s i n t h e J e w i s h

p o p u l a t i o n o n e o f t h e c o u n t r y ' s m o s t v a l u a b l e a s s e t s , t h e

m o r e s o s i n c e t h e y a r e a m i n o r i t y w i t h o u t i r r e d e n t i s t a m -

b i t i o n s . A s a t i s f i e d J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n w o u l d i m m e a s u r -

a b l y s t r e n g t h e n t h e g o v e r n m e n t ' s p o s i t i o n i n P o l a n d a n d

w i t h J e w i s h c o m m u n i t i e s i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . We ha ve

r e c e i v e d a s s u r a n c e s f r o m h i g h g o v e r n m e n t o f f i c i a l s h e r e

a n d a b r o a d t h a t t h e a u t h o r i t i e s a r e a w a r e o f t h e l i a b i l i t y

t o t h e s t a t e o f l a r g e m a s s e s o f u n e m p l o y e d a n d d i s s a t i s f i e d

p e o p l e . A p a r t , t h e r e f o r e , f r o m a n y p e r s o n a l v i e w s t h a t

m a y b e e n t e r t a i n e d b y i n d i v i d u a l o f f i c i a l s , c o n s i d e r a t i o n

o f s t a t e w o u l d d i c t a t e a p o l i c y o f h e l p f u l n e s s t o t h e J e w s .

S u c h a p o l i c y , h o w e v e r , i s i m p e d e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t a

vigorous and vehement opposition to the government

s t a n d s r e a d y a t a l l t i m e s t o e x p l o i t f o r i t s o w n p o l i t i c a l

e n d s e v e r y m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t ' s c o n c e r n f o r

i t s J e w i s h c i t i z e n s . T h u s , e v e n i f e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s

c o u l d m a k e i t p o s s i b l e f o r t h e g o v e r n m e n t t o o p e n t i p t h e

d o o r s w i d e l y t o c i v i l s e r v i c e , o r t o r e l i e v e t h e u r b a n p o p u -

l a t i o n o f t a x a t i o n b y s h i f t i n g t h e b u r d e n o f t a x a t i o n m o r e

l a r g e l y o n t h e p e a s a n t r y , o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y t o i n c r e a s e p u b l i c




a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r J e w i s h s c h o o l s a n d c h a r i t a b l e i n s t i t u -

t i o n s , t h o s e m e a s u r e s w o u l d b e e a g e r l y c a p i t a l i z e d b y t h e

o p p o s i t i o n p a r t y . B e c a u s e o f t h e w i d e s p r e a d p r e j u d i c e s

p r e v a i l i n g a m o n g t h e p o p u l a t i o n , a n y c o n s p i c u o u s m a n i -

f e s t a t i o n o f p r o - J e w i s h s y m p a t h i e s o n t h e p a r t o f t h e g o v -

e r n m e n t w o u l d f u r n i s h a n e f f e c t i v e w e a p o n t o t h e o p p o s i -

t i o n i n t h e i r e f f o r t s t o o v e r t h r o w i t . Th e government is

t h u s i m p a l e d o n t h e h o r n s o f a d i l e m m a .

S i n c e t h e s i t u a t i o n i s m o s t c o m p l i c a t e d a n d d i f f i c u l t , i t

c a n , i n t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e C o m m i t t e e , o n l y b e a g g r a v a t e d

b y t h e b a r r a g e o f c r i t i c i s m a n d a b u s e o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t ,

e s p e c i a l l y o n t h e p a r t o f J e w s o u t s i d e o f P o l a n d . This

v i e w h a s a l s o b e e n e x p r e s s e d w i t h i n P o l a n d i t s e l f b y D o c -

t o r J o s h u a T h o n , P r e s i d e n t o f t h e C l u b o f J e w i s h D e p u t i e s

i n t h e P o l i s h S e j m , w h o , i n a n a d d r e s s b e f o r e t h a t b o d y

o n N o v e m b e r 6 , 1 9 3 4 , p o i n t e d o u t t h a t n e i t h e r t h e p o l i t i c a l

s i t u a t i o n o f t h e J e w i s h m i n o r i t y n o r t h e i r e c o n o m i c h a r d -

s h i p s w e r e p u r e l y J e w i s h q u e s t i o n s .

W e p r o p o s e , a s h e r e t o f o r e , t o c o n t i n u e t o w a t c h t h e

s i t u a t i o n o f o u r b r e t h r e n i n P o l a n d a n d t o m a k e s u c h

r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s a s e v e n t s m a y d i c t a t e . A t t h e s a m e t i m e ,

w e r e a l i z e t h a t J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e w e l -

f a r e o f t h e J e w s o f P o l a n d m u s t c o n c e r n t h e m s e l v e s w i t h

c o n s t r u c t i v e m e a s u r e s t o i m p r o v e t h e e c o n o m y o f P o l a n d

a n d t o h e l p i n a n y w a y t h e y c a n t o p r o m o t e t r a d e b e t w e e n

t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e c o u n t r i e s a n d P o l a n d . W e a r e c o n f i d e n t

t h a t t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t b u s i n e s s i n P o l a n d i s i m p r o v e d , t h e

e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n o f i t s J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n w i l l b e i m -

p r o v e d . A l s o , w e b e l i e v e , a f a i r a n d h e l p f u l a t t i t u d e o n

t h e p a r t o f J e w s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d i s l i k e l y t o e v o k e

m o r e s y m p a t h e t i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e p r o b l e m s o f t h e

Jewish population by the government and promote a

f r i e n d l i e r f e e l i n g t o w a r d t h e J e w s a m o n g t h e n o n - J e w i s h




p o p u l a t i o n t h a t w i l l m a k e t h e m l e s s r e c e p t i v e t o t h e a g i t a -

t i o n o f t h e J e w - b a i t e r s .

Danzig

E v e r s i n c e t h e N a z i v i c t o r y i n G e r m a n y , t h e F r e e C i t y

o f D a n z i g , a l t h o u g h u n d e r t h e n o m i n a l c o n t r o l o f t h e

L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s a n d P o l a n d , h a s c o m e i n t o t h e N a t i o n a l

S o c i a l i s t o r b i t .T h e S e n a t e o f t h e F r e e C i t y h a s f a l l e n

u n d e r t h e d o m i n a t i o n o f t h e N a z i l e a d e r , A l b e r t F o r s t e r ,

a n d h a s b e e n m a d e p r a c t i c a l l y a d i s t r i c t o f t h e G e r m a n

p a r t y .

A s a r e s u l t , t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t p r e s s i s g i v e n f r e e

r e i n ; a n d c o m p l a i n t s a r i s i n g o u t o f t h e p r o v o c a t i v e a t t i t u d e

o f t h e D a n z i g N a z i s a r e g i v e n l i t t l e c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y t h e

gover nment . T h e p r o f e s s i o n s a n d t r a d e s h a v e b e e n l a r g e l y

o r g a n i z e d o n a c o r p o r a t e b a s i s , a n d t h e A r y a n c l a u s e i s

w i d e l y a p p l i e d . A s y s t e m a t i c b o y c o t t a g a i n s t J e w i s h d o c -

t o r s , d e n t i s t s , a n d d r u g g i s t s i s h a v i n g a s e r i o u s e f f e c t o n

t h e e c o n o m i c l i f e o f t h e s e p e o p l e . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e g o v -

e r n m e n t i s p r a c t i c a l l y a p p r o v i n g s u c h a p o l i c y b y r e m o v i n g

a l l J e w i s h m e m b e r s f r o m p u b l i c h e a l t h b o a r d s a n d m e d i c a l

chambers .

S a a r B a s i n

T h e S a a r B a s i n , w i t h i t s 9 7 p e r c e n t G e r m a n p o p u l a t i o n

a n d t h e s t r o n g p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t o n J a n u a r y 1 3 , 1 9 3 5 , i t

w o u l d b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e G e r m a n R e i c h , h a s , d e s p i t e

i t s p r e s e n t L e a g u e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , b e e n t h e s c e n e o f v i g o r -

o u s N a z i a g i t a t i o n . I n a n e f f o r t t o a s s u r e a v o t e f a v o r a b l e

t o G e r m a n y i n t h e p l e b i s c i t e , t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t l e a d e r s

i n t h e S a a r h a v e n o t r e f r a i n e d f r o m s t i r r i n g u p a n t i - J e w i s h




f e e l i n g . T h e F r a n c o - G e r m a n d e c l a r a t i o n s o n t h e p r o t e c -

t i o n o f i n h a b i t a n t s o f t h e S a a r a f t e r t h e v o t e , h a v e g i v e n a t

l e a s t o n e y e a r ' s s e c u r i t y t o t h e J e w s , i n t h e e v e n t t h a t t h e

B a s i n i s t u r n e d o v e r t o G e r m a n y . A f t e r t h a t t i m e , h o w -

e v e r , t h e r e w i l l b e n o f o r m a l b a r t o t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e

"Arya n paragraph . " A l r e a d y , m a n y o f t h e 4 , 0 0 0 J e w s i n

t h e T e r r i t o r y h a v e m a d e p r e p a r a t i o n s t o l e a v e .

T h e C o m m i t t e e h a s s t u d i e d t h i s s i t u a t i o n c l o s e l y , a n d i n

a g r e e m e n t w i t h o t h e r i m p o r t a n t J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s , h a s

r e f r a i n e d f r o m a n y a c t i o n , d i r e c t o r i n d i r e c t , i n t h e p l e b -

i s c i t e , t h i s b e i n g a n i n t e r n a l p o l i t i c a l m a t t e r , b u t h a s c o -

o p e r a t e d i n e f f o r t s t o s e c u r e p e r m a n e n t g u a r a n t e e s f o r

e q u a l p o l i t i c a l , r e l i g i o u s a n d e c o n o m i c r i g h t s o f i n h a b i t a n t s

o f t h e S a a r b e l o n g i n g t o m i n o r i t y e l e m e n t s i n t h e p o p u l a -

t i o n .

S w i t z e r l a n d

T h e G e r m a n p a r t s o f S w i t z e r l a n d h a v e , l i k e w i s e , f e l t t h e

e f f e c t s o f N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t d o c t r i n e s . H e r e , h o w e v e r ,

i t h a s b e e n p r i n c i p a l l y a p r e s s c a m p a i g n c e n t e r e d a b o u t a

f e w N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t a n d a n t i - J e w i s h n e w s p a p e r s . I n

o r d e r t o p r e v e n t t h e s p r e a d o f t h e l i b e l o u s s t a t e m e n t s m a d e

i n t h e s e p a p e r s , t h e S w i s s J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y h a s a s s i s t e d

c e r t a i n i n d i v i d u a l s i n b r i n g i n g a c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e s e p r o p a -

g a n d i s t s . A t B e r n e a n d B a s l e , s u i t s i n v o l v i n g t h e " P r o t o -

c o l s o f t h e E l d e r s o f Z i o n " h a v e b e e n s t a r t e d , a n d o n c e

m o r e i n o r d e r t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h e i r f a l s e , m a l i c i o u s , a n d

l i b e l o u s c h a r a c t e r , e x p e r t s s u c h a s C h a i m W e i z m a n n , P a u l

Miliukov, Count du Cha yla a nd Henri Sliosberg ha ve

g i v e n e v i d e n c e f o r t h e p l a i n t i f f s . Your Committee has

f u r n i s h e d t h e S w i s s c o m m u n i t y w i t h i n f o r m a t i o n g a t h e r e d

i n t h e c o u r s e o f i t s l o n g i n t e r e s t i n t h e q u e s t i o n .




Roumania

T h e J e w s o f R o u m a n i a h a v e a l s o b e e n f o r c e d t o f a c e

a n a n t i - J e w i s h m o v e m e n t w h i c h i s a g a i n r e c u r r e n t a f t e r

s t i m u l a t i o n b y t h e e x a m p l e o f N a z i G e r m a n y . S e r i o u s

outbreak s, led by the forces of N icholas Cuza and

C o d r e a n u , h a v e t a k e n p l a c e . W h i l e a t t e n d i n g t h e s y n a -

g o g u e o n a F r i d a y , t h i r t y J e w i s h f a m i l i e s l i v i n g a t D a l a n -

c e a n a h e a r d t h e b e l l s o f a n e a r b y c h u r c h r i n g i n g a s a s i g n a l

f o r a n a n t i - J e w i s h a t t a c k o n t h e i r u n g u a r d e d h o m e s . D w e l l -

i n g s a n d s h o p s w e r e s a c k e d a n d g o o d s w e r e d e s t r o y e d .

T h o s e a c c u s e d o f i n s t i g a t i n g t h e a t t a c k w e r e f r e e d b y a

j u r y a t C z e r n o w i t z . R i t u a l m u r d e r a c c u s a t i o n s h a v e b e e n

m a d e i n t h e u r b a n p r e s s w i t h o u t i n t e r f e r e n c e f r o m t h e

gover nment . Further mor e, laws have been proposed

w h i c h w o u l d d i s c r i m i n a t e d e f i n i t e l y a g a i n s t t h e J e w s b y

l e g i s l a t i v e a c t i o n a n d s e t t h e m a p a r t f r o m t h e m a j o r i t y

p o p u l a t i o n . Dr . W i l l i a m F i l d e r m a n n , P r e s i d e n t o f t h e

U n i o n o f R o u m a n i a n J e w s , h a s a d d r e s s e d s e v e r a l l e t t e r s

t o t h e P r i m e M i n i s t e r a n d t o t h e K i n g w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o

t h e s e d i s c r i m i n a t o r y l a w s . U n t i l t h e a s s a s s i n a t i o n o f

Premier Ion Duca by t he anti-Jewish Iron Guard, the

g o v e r n m e n t h a d a t t e m p t e d t o s u p p r e s s m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f

r a c i a l i n t o l e r a n c e . H i s d e a t h , a n d t h e s u b s e q u e n t r e l e a s e

o f t h o s e a c c u s e d o f p l o t t i n g i t , h a v e l e f t t h e J e w i s h c o m -

m u n i t y s o m e w h a t a p p r e h e n s i v e . We have been informed

t h a t t h e U n i t e d R o u m a n i a n J e w s i n t h i s c o u n t r y h a s m a d e

r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s t o t h e R o u m a n i a n L e g a t i o n i n W a s h i n g -

t o n , r e g a r d i n g l e g i s l a t i v e p r o p o s a l s w h i c h a r e l i k e l y t o

a f f e c t a d v e r s e l y t h e s i t u a t i o n o f J e w s i n R o u m a n i a .



L a t v i a

Your C ommittee has had the opportunity o f getting

f i r s t - h a n d i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m s e v e r a l r e l i a b l e s o u r c e s a b o u t

c o n d i t i o n s i n L a t v i a . W i t h t h e a c c e s s i o n t o p o w e r o f K a r l

Ulmanis and a f ascist government under the slogan

" L a t v i a f o r L a t v i a n s , " v a r i o u s a c t s o f d i s c r i m i n a t i o n

a g a i n s t J e w s h a v e c o m e t o y o u r C o m m i t t e e ' s a t t e n t i o n .

S u b s i d i e s f o r J e w i s h c u l t u r a l e n t e r p r i s e s h a v e b e e n w i t h -

dra wn ; many Zionist leaders ha ve been imprisoned,

o s t e n s i b l y o n t h e g r o u n d o f t h e i r b e i n g S o c i a l i s t a g i t a t o r s ;

J e w i s h d o c t o r s a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l w o r k e r s h a v e b e e n d i s -

m i s s e d u n d e r s u s p i c i o u s c i r c u m s t a n c e s ; a n d , i n g e n e r a l , i t

a p p e a r s t h a t e f f o r t s a r e b e i n g m a d e t o r e s t r i c t t h e f r e e d o m

o f a c t i v i t y o f t h e L a t v i a n J e w s .

S o u t h A f r i c a

I n S o u t h A f r i c a , w h e r e t h e l a r g e G e r m a n p o p u l a t i o n

h a s b e e n s u b j e c t t o N a z i i n f l u e n c e , t h e f a l s i t y o f a n e w s -

p a p e r a l l e g a t i o n t h a t t h e J e w s h a d p l a n n e d t o c o n t r o l t h e

w o r l d w a s l a i d b a r e b y j u d i c i a l p r o o f . A l e a d e r o f a l o c a l

N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t c e l l c l a i m e d t o h a v e o b t a i n e d f r o m a

s y n a g o g u e a s e c r e t d o c u m e n t a l l e g i n g , i n l i n e w i t h t h e

n o t o r i o u s P r o t o c o l s , t h a t t h e J e w s p l o t t e d f o r t h e c o n t r o l

o f t h e u n i v e r s e . A f t e r e x a m i n i n g t h e e v i d e n c e , t h e C o u r t ,

i n a l o n g o p i n i o n , c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t w a s a h o p e -

l e s s f a n a t i c a n d " a n i g n o r a n t f o r g e r . " A s f o r t h e P r o t o -

c o l s o f t h e E l d e r s o f Z i o n , S i r T h o m a s G r a h a m , w h o d e -

l i v e r e d t h e j u d g m e n t o f t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t , c a l l e d t h e m

" a n i m p u d e n t f o r g e r y , o b v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e

o f a n t i - J e w i s h p r o p a g a n d a . " T h e S o u t h A f r i c a n g o v e r n -

m e n t h a s v i g o r o u s l y a c t e d t o s u p p r e s s a l l i n f l a m m a t o r y

Repor t of Executive Committee 47



48 T h e A m e r i c an Je w i s h C o m m i t t e e

l i b e l s against the Jews ther e . T h e B o a r d o f J e w i s h Dep-

uties of South Afr ica has kept us continuously in f o r m e d

o f i t s a c t i v i t i e s .

L a t i n A m e r i c a n Countri es

Your C o m m i tt e e h as also c ollab o r at ed with t he C o m i t e

Contra las Perse cuciones Antise mita s en Alemania, of Bue-

nos Aire s, Argentina, in their work of educat ion and de-

fense of civil liber ties in South Ameri ca . B o t h i n the Ar gen-

tine and in Brazil, fascis t groups ha ve ca rr ied on c a mpaigns

against Jewish citi zens . In M e xi c o, t h e Ge rm a n M inis t e r

proteste d to the Government against the boycott carr ied

on b y t h e Jewish C h am b e r o f C o m m e rc e . The Chamberreta liate d by cha rging that the Hitler government was s up-

porti ng anti-Jewish propaganda i n Mexico.

CanadaIn Canada, a lso, Ger man Na tional Socia lism h a s f o und

f e r t i l e s o i l . Although t her e h ave been no organized politi-

cal par ties suppor ting Hi tlerit e principles, anti-Jewish

agita tio n ha s sprung up . Y ou r C o m m i t t e e i s c o ope r at ing

with the C anadian Jewish Congre ss in ref uting thr ough a

legal proce ss the old ri tual murder libel which ha d been

once more revived by a n anti-Jewish newspaper publish ed

in Winnipeg. The Court ha s ha nded down a t empor ar y i n -

junction against the printing of t he newspaper in question,

and an argument in suppor t of a perma nent injuncti on is

to be he ar d in the near future, on the ba sis o f a new law

adopted las t April b y t h e M a nit o b a Provinci al Legisla -

ture, wh i c h provides t h at any m e m b er o f a r ace or c reed

ma y apply to the courts for an injunction against the pub-



Repor t o f Executive Committe'- 49

lication of libelous matters . Y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s f u r -

nished mater ial and has offered legal advice to the plain-

t i f f ' s c o u n s e l .

Anti-Jewish Agita tion i n Salonik a

I n A p r i l 1 9 3 4 , i t w a s r e p o r t e d i n t h e p r e s s t h a t a v i o l e n t

anti-Jewish a gita tion had been launched by the Gre ek

newspape r M a k edoni a, p u b l i s h e d i n S a l o n i k a , t h e p r i n c i p a l

o rg an o f t h e E . E . E ., the Greek Na tionalist Liberty

Par ty . Recalling that when in 19 31 a similar agita tion by

the sa me newspaper ha d led to the destr uction of one of

the Jewish quarter s of the city by a mob which set it on

fir e, re ndering thousa nds of Jews ho meless, a nd tha t on

that occasion former premier Eleutherios Venizelos ha d

vigorously condemned the a gitat ion, a memb er of t he Co m-

mittee, personally acquainted with Mr . V e n i z e l o s , r e q u e s t e d

t h e l a t t e r t o u s e h i s i n f l u e n c e t o p u t a s t o p t o t h i s d a n g e r -

ous agitation . Several weeks later a report published in

the press stated that, in an interview with a deputation of

Jewish leaders, M r . Venizelos r epudiat ed the atta cks of

the E . E . E ., and pledged himse lf to wor k t o br ing ab out

the r emoval of existi ng antagonism of the Liber al Par ty,

of which he is leader, toward the Jews of Gree ce. Owingto this antagonism, the situation of our br ethren in Greece

is uncertain and req uires ca reful watching .

Russi a

In November 193 3, the Union of Or thodox Rabbi s of

the United States a nd Canada solicited the coopera tion of

your Commit tee on behalf of sixteen Jewish scholars, sev-

era l of them ra bbis, who ha d been sentenced by the Rus-



5 0 T h e American Jewish Committee

s i a n g o v e r n m e n t t o t h r e e y e a r s ' i m p r i s o n m e n t a t h a r d

l a b o r o n t h e a l l e g e d c h a r g e o f a t t e m p t i n g t o l e a v e t h e

c o u n t r y i l l e g a l l y . A c c o r d i n g t o i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n t o t h e

U n i o n o f O r t h o d o x R a b b i s , t h e m e n i n q u e s t i o n w e r e i n -

d u c e d b y a g e n t s o f t h e R u s s i a n s e c r e t p o l i c e t o a t t e m p t

t o l e a v e t h e c o u n t r y . I t w a s s t a t e d t h a t t h i s i s n o t a n u n -

u s u a l p r a c t i c e w h e r e t h e a u t h o r i t i e s w i s h t o f i n d a p r e t e x t

f o r t h e d e p o r t a t i o n o f p e r s o n s t h e y r e g a r d o b j e c t i o n a b l e ,

s u c h a s t h o s e i n v o l v e d i n t h i s c a s e , w h o p e r s i s t e d i n t h e i r

r e l i g i o u s s t u d i e s a n d o b s e r v a n c e s , w h i c h , t h o u g h n o t i l l e -

g a l , a r e n e v e r t h e l e s s b i t t e r l y o p p o s e d b y c e r t a i n e l e m e n t s

i n t h e S o v i e t r e g i m e . A f t e r t h e i r a r r e s t t h e s e s i x t e e n m e n

w e r e k e p t i n j a i l f o r e i g h t m o n t h s b e f o r e t r i a l . They were

u n a b l e t o s e c u r e c o u n s e l f o r t h e r e a s o n , w e w e r e i n f o r m e d ,

t h a t n o a t t o r n e y i s p e r m i t t e d t o d e f e n d a n y c l e r g y m a n o r

o t h e r e c c l e s i a s t i c a l f u n c t i o n a r y . Th e men wer e found

g u i l t y a n d s e n t e n c e d t o t h r e e y e a r s ' i m p r i s o n m e n t , w h e r e -

a s t h e u s u a l p e n a l t y f o r t h i s o f f e n s e i s i m p r i s o n m e n t f o r

f r o m t h r e e t o s i x m o n t h s .

The Union of Orthodox Rabbis r equested your Com-

m i t t e e t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h D r . W i l l i a m I . S i r o v i t c h , o f N e w

Y o r k C i t y , a m e m b e r o f t h e H o u s e o f R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ,

w h o w a s t a k i n g a n i n t e r e s t i n t h e c a s e . The Committee

p r o m p t l y c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h S e n a t o r R o b e r t F . Wagner

o f N e w Y o r k , a m e m b e r o f t h e S e n a t e C o m m i t t e e o n F o r -

e i g n R e l a t i o n s , w h o a t o n c e a g r e e d t o l o o k i n t o t h e m a t t e r .

A f e w d a y s l a t e r w e w e r e i n f o r m e d t h a t S e n a t o r W a g n e r

and Dr . S i r o v i t c h h a d r e c e i v e d w o r d f r o m t h e o f f i c e o f t h e

S o v i e t U n i o n B u r e a u i n W a s h i n g t o n , w h i c h h a d c o m m u n i -

c a t e d r e g a r d i n g t h e m a t t e r w i t h t h e S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t ,

t h a t a c a b l e g r a m h a d b e e n r e c e i v e d s t a t i n g t h a t a l l t h e

p e r s o n s h e l d h a d a l r e a d y b e e n o r w e r e a b o u t t o b e r e l e a s e d .

E a r l y i n O c t o b e r a r e p o r t a p p e a r e d i n t h e A m e r i c a n



Report of Exec utive C o m m i t t e e 5 1

press to th e effe ct tha t the Soviet Government had liber al-

ized its att itude toward cert ain groups of t he populat ion

for merly denied the r ight to vote, which implies depriva-

t i o n o f a nu m b e r o f e l e m e nt a r y h u m a n r igh t s . I t w a s

stat ed in this r eport tha t am ong the classes to whom the

fra nchise was r estored were members of the clergy .

Your Comm ittee secured a tra nslation of the decree of

O c t o b e r 1, 19 34, o f t h e Sovi e t C ent r al Exe cut ive C o m-

mitt ee r elating to electi ons to local and republican Soviets,

upon which this r eport is ba sed . A study of the text re-

vealed the fa ct tha t "former and present clergy of a l l

religions" are still not r eck oned amo ng those "who ea rn

thei r living by productive and socia lly useful lab or," who

alone have the fra nchise ; while "pers ons who a re employed

for , or elected to administr ative b usiness a nd technica l

positions in religious communities f or the ser vice of r e-

ligious r itual and premise s (ch oir -singers , organists , door -

keepers, bell ringers and the like, a lso me mbers of churc h

councils)" are not depriv d of electora l rights . There is,

however , a way t o sa lvat ion left o pen to clergymen, for

the fourth para gra ph of this decree rea ds

"Per sons who in ac cor dance with the c onstitution of

the RSFSR have been deprived of th e elector al ri ghts

as b elonging to th e class o f exploiter s (landlords, capi-

t a l i s t s , c l e r g y , e t c .) may be re stored in their rights pro-

vided t h e y h a ve engaged in pro duct ive and s o c i a lly

useful labo r during the co urse of five y ear s, and have

proven their loya lty to the Soviet r egime . They canalso be enfr anchised befor e this period on appropria te

interce ssions if they ar e member s of tr ade unions and

h a v e r e c o m m e nded t h e m s e lve s t h r o ugh h o n e s t l a b o r . "

This was probably the basis of th e press report of the




libe ra lizat ion pro gra m, so loudly proc laimed by t he SovietGovernment. Your Commitee has been informed by agroup of distinguished Jewish sc holars in countri es bor der-

ing on Russia tha t th e te ach ing of r eligion to c hildren up

to eightee n yea rs o f age is still for bidden, in the c ountry ,

when done in gro ups of m or e tha n thr ee, a nd a number o f

other r estri ctions on the fre e exerci se of religion ar e still

in forc e, mak ing the prospects for the very s urvival of re-

ligion extr emely dark . Your Commit tee hopes that in the

course of t he diplomatic relations with the Soviet Govern-

ment which have b een usher ed in by th e re cognitio n of

t h a t gove r nment b y t h e Unit e d St at e s, our gove rnment

may find an appropriate occa sion to impress upon the So-

viet Government tha t th e Amer ican people, of all creeds,

would cor dia lly welcome a m or e huma ne a ttitude towar d

religious functionari es a nd a mor e libera l policy toward

religious educati on .

We a re encouraged in this hope by the re-sta tement of

the t ra ditional America n policy relating to t he f reedom

of r eligious worshi p by Pre sident Roosevelt in his cor re-

spondence with Mr. Litvinov, Fore ign Mi nister o f the

Soviet Union. In his letter to Mr . Litvinov, the Pres ident

w r o t e : "As yo u well know the gover nment of the Unite d

States s ince the foundati on of the Republic has a lways

striven to prote ct its nationals in the free exer cise of lib-

ert y o f co nscience a nd religious worshi p, and fr om a ll

disabi lity o r persec ution on account of thei r r eligious fait h

or wor ship and I need scar cely point out tha t the r ights

enumer at ed below ar e thos e enjoyed in the United State s

by a ll cit izens and for eign natio nals, and by Ame ri ca n

nati onals in all the ma jor countri es of t he world . "

In this connecti on, we note with disma y the s prea d of

anti-religious movements in countri es in both the Old and



Report of Executive Committ ee 5 3

the N ew World . A l o n g w i t h o u r C a t h o l i c a n d P r o t e s t a n t

f e l l o w - c i t i z e n s , w e v o i c e o u r p r o t e s t a g a i n s t t h e s u p -

p r e s s i o n o f r e l i g i o u s l i b e r t y a n d f r e e d o m o f c o n s c i e n c e

w h e r e v e r a n d w h e n e v e r s u c h s u p p r e s s i o n i s a t t e m p t e d .

T h e C o m m i t t e e d e s i r e s t o e x p r e s s i t s d e e p a p p r e c i a t i o n

o f t h e r e a d i n e s s o f t h e H o n o r a b l e C o r d e l l H u l l , S e c r e t a r y

o f S t a t e , t o m e e t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f y o u r C o m m i t t e e a n d

t o d i s c u s s w i t h t h e m o u r p r o b l e m s h e l p f u l l y a n d s y m p a -

t h e t i c a l l y .

I I I. DOMESTIC MATTERSA n t i - J e w i s h A g i t a t i o n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

D u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r , t h e a n t i - J e w i s h m o v e m e n t s w h i c h

s p r a n g u p i n 1 9 3 3 a s a r e s u l t o f t h e c o u r s e o f e v e n t s i n

G e r m a n y s u f f e r e d s e r i o u s s e t b a c k s . F o l l o w i n g t h e e v e n t s

i n G e r m a n y d u r i n g w h a t i s g e n e r a l l y c a l l e d t h e " b l o o d y

w e e k - e n d " o f J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 3 4 , t h e N a z i m o v e m e n t i n G e r -

m a n y w a s w i d e l y d i s c r e d i t e d , a n d t h e i n f l u e n c e o f N a z i

p r o p a g a n d i s t s i n t h i s c o u n t r y w a s m a t e r i a l l y r e d u c e d .

The assassination of Chancellor Dollfuss of Austria

s e r v e d f u r t h e r t o w e a k e n s y m p a t h y f o r H i t l e r i s m . In New

Y o r k C i t y , t h e N a z i f i e d G e r m a n s o c i e t i e s o r g a n i z e d t h e

so-ca lled German Ameri can Economic Committee, known

g e n e r a l l y a s D a w a , a n a m e c o m p o s e d o f t h e i n i t i a l s o f i t s

name in German, Deutsch Amerikanische Wirtschafts

A u s s c h u s s . T h i s b o d y m a d e e n e r g e t i c e f f o r t s t o f o m e n t a

b o y c o t t i n r e p l y t o t i e a n t i - N a z i b o y c o t t w i t h a c c o m p a n y -

i n g a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t i o n o f a v i r u l e n t k i n d . T h e e f f o r t s

o f t h e D a w a t o s p r e a d i t s a c t i v i t i e s t o o t h e r c i t i e s a r e , w e

u n d e r s t a n d , n o t m e e t i n g w i t h m u c h s u c c e s s .

A n o t h e r s e t - b a c k t o N a z i p r o p a g a n d a r e s u l t e d f r o m t h e

r e v e l a t i o n s m a d e p u b l i c b y t h e C o n g r e s s i o n a l C o m m i t t e e ,




h e a d e d b y R e p r e s e n t a t i v e J o h n W . McCormack of Massa-

c h u s e t t s , w h i c h i s i n v e s t i g a t i n g u n - A m e r i c a n m o v e m e n t s .

T h e p u b l i c h e a r i n g s h e l d b y t h i s C o m m i t t e e i n v a r i o u s

p a r t s o f t h e c o u n t r y h a v e h e l p e d t o i n f o r m t h e A m e r i c a n

p e o p l e o f t h e s c o p e a n d n a t u r e o f a c t i v i t i e s a n d a g i t a t i o n

e n t i r e l y a t v a r i a n c e w i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n s of f a i r - p l a y a n d

human equality which ha ve alway s been basic in this

c o u n t r y . N o r h a v e t h e a n t i c s o f t h e N a z i l e a d e r s h e r e ,

t h e i r l u d i c r o u s e f f o r t s t o i n j e c t J e w b a i t i n g i n t o p o l i t i c s ,

a d d e d t o t h e i r p r e s t i g e .

I t w o u l d b e a g r a v e m i s t a k e , h o w e v e r , t o b e l i e v e t h a t

t h e d a n g e r t o t h e J e w s o f A m e r i c a f r o m t h i s s o u r c e i s p a s t .

T h e p u b l i c t a c t i c s , o f t e n b u n g l i n g a n d c r u d e , o f t h e N a z i

o r g a n i z a t i o n s , a r e a c c o m p a n i e d b y m o r e s u b t l e m e t h o d s

w h i c h , b e c a u s e o f t h e i r p r i v a t e n a t u r e , a r e o f t e n i m p o s s i b l e

t o c o u n t e r a c t . W i t h i n r e c e n t m o n t h s , N a z i p r o p a g a n d i s t s ,

i n c l u d i n g d i p l o m a t i c a n d c o n s u l a r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f G e r -

m a n y , h a v e s u c c e e d e d i n a r r a n g i n g t o a d d r e s s p r i v a t e

m e e t i n g s o f i n f l u e n t i a l c l u b m e n a n d c l u b w o m e n , m e m b e r s

o f c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y f a c u l t i e s , a n d t h e l i k e . These

m e e t i n g s a r e n o t a d v e r t i s e d , a n d i n v i t a t i o n s t o t h e m a r e

i s s u e d t o c a r e f u l l y s e l e c t e d p e r s o n s w h o s e r e c e p t i v i t y t o

N a z i d o c t r i n e s c a n b e m o r e o r l e s s r e l i e d u p o n . Often no

t i m e i s p e r m i t t e d f o r d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e s p e a k e r ' s r e m a r k s .

F r o m w h a t y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n a b l e t o l e a r n t h e s e

s p e a k e r s a d d r e s s t h e m s e l v e s c h i e f l y t o e f f o r t s t o j u s t i f y t h e

a n t i - J e w i s h p o l i c i e s o f N a z i G e r m a n y , b y m a k i n g s t a t e -

m e n t s w h i c h a r e f a l s e a n d m i s l e a d i n g r e g a r d i n g t h e n u m -

b e r a n d a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y , a n d c a s t i n g

u n j u s t i f i e d a s p e r s i o n s u p o n t h e i r g o o d n a m e . I t i s o b v i o u s

t h a t a m o n g t h e m e m b e r s o f a u d i e n c e s t h u s a d d r e s s e d m a n y

d o n o t k n o w t h e t r u t h . La : k i n g a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o h e a r t h e

o t h e r s i d e , t h e s e p e r s o n s b e c o m e c e n t e r s f o r t h e d i s s e m i n a -



Repor t of Executive Co mm i tt ee 5 5

t i o n o f m i s i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e i r b u s i n e s s a n d s o c i a l c i r c l e s .

T h i s d a n g e r o u s f o r m o f p r o p a g a n d a h a s n a t u r a l l y e n g a g e d

t h e c l o s e a t t e n t i o n o f y o u r C o m m i t t e e , a n d t h e m e m b e r s

a r e e a r n e s t l y r e q u e s t e d t o b e o n t h e w a t c h f o r i n s t a n c e s o f

i t i n t h e i r o w n c o m m u n i t i e s .

P a r a l l e l w i t h t h e s u b v e r s i v e a c t i v i t i e s o f N a z i p r o p a g a n -

d i s t s a n d t h e i r a d h e r e n t s t h e r e i s t h e a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t i o n

f o s t e r e d b y n a t i v e A m e r i c a n g r o u p s o r i n d i v i d u a l s . This

a g i t a t i o n i s l a r g e l y p o l i t i c a l , b e i n g e s s e n t i a l l y a n e f f o r t t o

d i s c r e d i t t h e F e d e r a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n b y e x p l o i t i n g s u c h

a n t i - J e w i s h p r e j u d i c e a s e x i s t s i n t h e c o u n t r y . T h i s s c h o o l

o f p r o p a g a n d i s t s s e e k s t o d i s s e m i n a t e t h e n o t i o n t h a t t h e

p o l i c i e s o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t a r e i n s p i r e d b y a n o n - e x i s t e n t

J e w i s h i n f l u e n c e w i t h a l l e g e d s i n i s t e r d e s i g n s . Some of

t h i s p r o p a g a n d a i s c i r c u l a t e d t o p a y i n g s u b s c r i b e r s i n t h e

d i s g u i s e o f c o n f i d e n t i a l r e p o r t s f r o m W a s h i n g t o n o f " i n -

s i d e " i n f o r m a t i o n s a i d t o b e n o t a v a i l a b l e t h r o u g h t h e

r e g u l a r c h a n n e l s o f n e w s . A g r e a t d e a l o f a d o i s m a d e

b y t h e s e r e t a i l e r s o f f a l s e h o o d a b o u t t h e n u m b e r o f J e w s

a t t a c h e d t o t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , m a n y o f w h o m h a v e b e e n

i n g o v e r n m e n t s e r v i c e i n p r e v i o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s , a l -

t h o u g h n o t a s i n g l e p l a u s i b l e c h a r g e o f i n c o m p e t e n c e o r

m a l f e a s a n c e h a s b e e n m a d e a g a i n s t a n y o f t h e m . This

n e f a r i o u s p r a c t i c e o f p r e t e n d i n g t h a t t h e r e i s s o m e t h i n g

s i n i s t e r i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f J e w s i n o f f i c e a p p e a r s t o h a v e

c i . , . u s e d c o n s i d e r a b l e u n e a s i n e s s , e v e n a n x i e t y , a m o n g J e w s ,

a n d s o m e h a v e e v e n e x p r e s s e d t h e w i s h t h a t a l l J e w s i n

o f f i c e w o u l d r e s i g n f r o m t h e i r p o s t s . T h o s e w h o h o l d t h i s

v i e w e v i d e n t l y d o n o t r e a l i z e t h a t s u c h a p r o c e d u r e w o u l d

b e a n a d m i s s i o n o f t h e f a l s e c h a r g e s , o r a n a p p r o v a l o f t h e

i n s t i t u t i o n o f a r a c i a l o r r e l i g i o u s p e r c e n t a g e s y s t e m i n

c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a p p o i n t m e n t t o p u b l i c o f f i c e , i n t h e p l a c e

o f t h e t r a d i t i o n a l s o u n d A m e r i c a n p r i n c i p l e o f c o n f e r r i n g




o f f i c e u p o n t h o s e b e s t a b l e t o d o t h e w o r k , r e g a r d l e s s o f

t h e i r c r e e d o r a n c e s t r y .

T h e s e a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t o r s a l s o t r y t o r a i s e a n o t h e r

f a l s e a n d b a s e l e s s i s s u e , n a m e l y , t h a t J e w s a s s u c h f o m e n t

movements subversi ve of law and auth ority . I n s u p p o r t

o f t h i s a s s e r t i o n , t h e y p r o d u c e f a l s i f i e d s t a t i s t i c s a n d

g a r b l e d s t a t e m e n t s . Those who have even an elementary

a c q u a i n t a n c e w i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n s c h e r i s h e d b y o u r p e o p l e

d u r i n g t h e t w o t h o u s a n d y e a r s s i n c e t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e

J e w i s h s t a t e k n o w t h a t c o m p l e t e a n d u n e q u i v o c a l l o y a l t y t o

t h e c o u n t r y o f o n e ' s c i t i z e n s h i p i s a b a s i c p r i n c i p l e o f J e w -

i s h l i f e . Ev e r s i n c e t h e B a b y l o n i a n e x i l e , s p i r i t u a l l e a d e r s

from Jeremiah down have adjured the Jewish people to

s e e k t h e p e a c e a n d p r o s p e r i t y o f t h e l a n d i n w h i c h t h e y

l i v e , t o p r a y u n t o t h e L o r d f o r i t , f o r i n t h e p e a c e t h e r e o f

t h e y w o u l d e n j o y p e a c e .

S t u d e n t s o f t h e o r i g i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n f o r m o f g o v e r n -

m e n t h a v e p o i n t e d t o t h e d e b t w h i c h t h e C o l o n i a l f a t h e r s

o w e d t o t h e i n s p i r a t i o n o f t h e H e b r e w B i b l e . Lecky, the

d i s t i n g u i s h e d h i s t o r i a n , e x p r e s s e d t h i s d e b t i n t h e f a m o u s

dictum : "Hebr aic mort ar cemented the fo undation of

American democr acy!" To millions of American Jews as

w e l l a s t o m i l l i o n s c f J e w s i n o t h e r l a n d s , t h e r e f o r e , t h e

tenets of libera lism a nd democr acy ar e the m ost dearly

p r i z e d i d e a l s . Any fo rm o f government, or economic s ys-

t e m , w h i c h i s b a s e d o n , o r m a i n t a i n s i t s e l f b y , t h e s u p p r e s -

s i o n o f t h e e l e m e n t a l b a s e s o f h u m a n l i b e r t y - - 1 f r e e d o m o f

s p e e c h , o f t h e p r e s s , o f a s s o c i a t i o n , o f r e l i g i o u s w o r s h i p -

i s , t h e r e f o r e , a b h o r r e n t t o t h e m . T h r o u g h o u t t h e i r h i s -

t o r y , J e w s h a v e s u f f e r e d a t t h e h a n d s o f t y r a n t s a n d d e s p o t s

o f a l l v a r i e t i e s . T h e s e e x p e r i e n c e s h a v e f o r t i f i e d t h e t e a c h -

i n g s o f t h e i r s a g e s , a d m o n i s h i n g a r e v e r e n c e f o r t h e s a n c -

t i t y o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l . While under our form of govern-



Report of Executive Committe e 5 7

m e n t e v e r y i n d i v i d u a l h a s t h e r i g h t t o j o i n a l e g a l l y e x i s t -

i n g p o l i t i c a l p a r t y , J e w i s h t e a c h i n g c o n d e m n s a l l d o c t r i n e s

v i o l a t i n g t h e T a l m u d i c m a x i m t h a t t h e l a w o f t h e l a n d i s

t h e l a w o f t h e J e w s . T h e v a s t m a j o r i t y o f J e w i s h c i t i z e n s

o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w h o a d h e r e t o t h e i r r e l i g i o u s t r a d i -

t i o n s c o n t i n u e , t h e r e f o r e , t o u p h o l d t h e d e m o c r a t i c A m e r i -

c a n m e t h o d s f o r a c h i e v i n g e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l , a n d c u l t u r a l

p r o g r e s s .

E d u c a t i o n a l A c t i v i t i e s

Your Committee continued many of t h e a c t i v i t i e s a l o n g

t h e l i n e s w h i c h w e r e r e p o r t e d t o y o u a t y o u r l a s t a n n u a l

m e e t i n g . I n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e s i t u a t i o n i n G e r m a n y o u r

e f f o r t s w e r e l a r g e l y d i r e c t e d t o s p r e a d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n .

This was done thr ough the distribution of books and

p a m p h l e t s a n d i n o t h e r w a y s w h i c h w e r e d e e m e d e f f e c t i v e

n o t o n l y i n c a s t i n g t h e l i g h t o f t r u t h u p o n e v e n t s a b r o a d

b u t a l s o i n l a y i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r g e n e r a l g o o d w i l l a s

bet ween Jews and non-Jews in the United Sta tes . An u m b e r o f r e p r i n t s o f t h e r e p o r t s u b m i t t e d b y y o u r C o m -

m i t t e e a t y o u r a n n u a l m e e t i n g l a s t y e a r , a n d s p e c i a l b u l l e -

t i n s o n v a r i o u s s u b j e c t s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d i n l a r g e e d i t i o n s .

B e i n g i n c l o s e t o u c h w i t h d e p e n d a b l e s o u r c e s o f i n f o r m a -

t i o n , t h e C o m m i t t e e w a s i n p o s i t i o n t o k e e p c u r r e n t l y a d -

v i s e d o f s i g n i f i c a n t e v e n t s o f s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t t o J e w s , i n

m a n y c o u n t r i e s . T h e c o l l e c t i o n o f t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s

o n l y o n e o f t h e m a n y u s e f u l f u n c t i o n s o f o u r r e s e a r c h

s t a f f , w h o s e f a c i l i t i e s a r e u t i l i z e d b y m a n y s t u d e n t s o f

c u r r e n t a f f a i r s , l e c t u r e r s a n d j o u r n a l i s t s w h o h a v e f o u n d

i t s s e r v i c e s i n v a l u a b l e i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f n e w s p a p e r a n d

m a g a z i n e a r t i c l e s a n d b o o k s . U n d e r l y i n g t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s

i s t h e i n t e n s i v e a n d m e t h o d i c a l w o r k o f c o l l e c t i n g , d i g e s t -



5 8 The A"wrican Jewish Committee

i n g , a n d c l a s s i f y i n g a l a r g e n u m b e r o f f a c t s . Newspaper

c l i p p i n g s , p a m p h l e t s a n d b o o k s a r e c a r e f u l l y i n d e x e d a n d

f i l e d f o r q u i c k r e f e r e n c e . N o t t h e l e a s t i m p o r t a n t o f t h e

m a n y a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s o f f i c e i s t h e a n s w e r i n g

o f i n q u i r i e s o f a l l s o r t s r e g a r d i n g J e w i s h m a t t e r s o f w h i c h

t h e r e i s a c o n t i n u o u s f l o w i n t o t h e o f f i c e .

Y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s a l s o b e e n i n s t r u m e n t a l i n m a k i n g

p o s s i b l e r e s e a r c h a c t i v i t i e s o n t h e p a r t o f o t h e r s w i t h r e -

g a r d t o s u b j e c t s o f v i t a l i m p o r t a n c e , s u c h a s t h e q u e s t i o n

o f r a c e , a n d i n s e c u r i n g t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f s o u n d t r e a t i s e s

o n s u c h s u b j e c t s .

W e h a v e i n t h e m a i n , t w o o b j e c t s t o o u r e d u c a t i o n a l

a c t i v i t i e s

F i r s t w e d e s i r e t o i n f o r m A m e r i c a n s a n d t o s t i r t h e i r

h u m a n i t a r i a n f e e l i n g s b y a c o n s t a n t p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e

t r u e n a t u r e o f N a z i f i e d G e r m a n y . T h e r e i s r e a l d a n g e r

t h a t , w i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , p e o p l e w i l l b e g i n t o a c c e p t

N a z i i s m a s t h e N a z i s t h e m s e l v e s w a n t t o h a v e i t a c c e p t e d ;

t h a t t h e y w i l l b e m i s l e d i n t o f o r g e t t i n g t h e b l o w s t h a t

N a z i i s m h a s d e a l t t o c i v i l i z a t i o n . W e m u s t n o t p e r m i t t h i s

t o c o m e a b o u t . O u r a c t i v i t y t h r o u g h s p e a k e r s , t h r o u g h

p u b l i c i t y t o t h e p r e s s , t h r o u g h p u b l i c a t i o n s , t h r o u g h t h e

r a d i o , t h r o u g h t h e f i l m s , m u s t c o n c e r n i t s e l f d a y a f t e r d a y

a n d w e e k a f t e r w e e k w i t h t h e p r o b l e m o f k e e p i n g b e f o r e

t h e A m e r i c a n p e o p l e a t r u e p i c t u r e o f c o n d i t i o n s i n G e r -

m a n y a s t h e y a f f e c t t h e J e w s a n d a s t h e y a f f e c t a l l w h o

b e l i e v e i n p e a c e , i n l i b e r a l d o c t r i n e s , a n d i n f r e e d o m o f

c o n s c i e n c e .

O u r s e c o n d o b j e c t i s t o a t t e m p t t o i m m u n i z e t h e A m e r i -

c a n p e o p l e a g a i n s t t h e v i r u s o f a n t i - S e m i t i s m s p r e a d b y

n a t i v e d e m a g o g u e s . I n t h i s e f f o r t o u r w o r k p l a c e s t h e

e m p h a s i s n o t o n t h e J e w s a l o n e , n o r e v e n m a i n l y o n t h e

Jews . W e a t t e m p t , i n s t e a d , t o m a i n t a i n a m o n g A m e r i c a n s



Report of Executive Committee 59o f a l l f a i t h s a n a p p r e c i a t io n o f t h e t r a d i t i o n a l p r i n c i p l es o f

o u r c o u n t r y . W e s e e k i n n u m e r o u s w a y s t o d r a m a t i z e t h e

v a l u e s o f o u r d e m o c r a c y , t o p o i n t o u t t h a t g r o u p h a t r e d

i s a m e n a c e t o t h e d e m o c r a t i c s t r u c t u r e o f o u r c o u n t r y .

O u r s e c o n d c o u r s e , i n s h o r t , i s t o s t r e n g t h e n i n e v e r y w a y

p o s s i b l e a n a d h e r e n c e t o t h e A m e r i c a n w a y o f l i v i n g i n t o l -

e r a n c e , i n a m i t y , a n d i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g .

I t i s n o t d e e m e d n e c e s s a r y t o g i v e f u r t h e r d e t a i l s a s t h e

m e m b e r s h a v e b e e n k e p t i n f o r m e d t h r o u g h s p e c i a l b u l l e -

t i n s , t h e r e p o r t s o f o u r f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , a n d s t a t e m e n t s

b y m e m b e r s o f t h e s t a f f a t r e g i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e s . A f u l l

s t a t e m e n t o n t h e s u b j e c t w a s s u b m i t t e d t o t h e m i d - y e a r

m e e t i n g a t C h i c a g o o n J u n e 1 0 , l a s t .

A comprehensive program for future work has been

c a r e f u l l y p r e p a r e d . A l t h o u g h t h e r e s u l t s o f s u c h w o r k a r e

l a r g e l y i n t a n g i b l e a n d c a n n o t b e e s t i m a t e d , i t i s b e l i e v e d

t h a t , i f p r o s e c u t e d o v e r a c o n s i d e r a b l e p e r i o d o f t i m e , e f -

f o r t s i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n a r e b o u n d t o b e a r f r u i t .

I m m i g r a t i o n

E a r l y i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e p r e s e n t e m e r g e n c y , t h e A m e r i -

c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a s w e l l a s o t h e r J e w i s h o r g a n i z a -

t i o n s r e c o g n i z e d t h e n e e d f o r e f f o r t s f o r t h e r e m o v a l o f

a d m i n i s t r a t i v e h i n d r a n c e s t o i m m i g r a t i o n t o t h e U n i t e d

S t a t e s w h i c h , i n t h e l i g h t o f e m e r g e n c y , w e r e u n n e c e s -

s a r i l y b u r d e n s o m e . T h e e f f o r t s m a d e i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n b y

t h e C o m m i t t e e a n d b y t h e J o i n t C o u n c i l a r e f u l l y d e s c r i b e d

o n p a g e s 5 1 - 5 4 o f t h e T w e n t y - S e v e n t h A n n u a l R e p o r t o f

t h e C o m m i t t e e . T h a n k s t o t h e r e a d i n e s s o f t h e o f f i c i a l s o f

t h e S t a t e a n d L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t s t o g i v e s y m p a t h e t i c c o n -

s i d e r a t i o n t o t h e u n u s u a l c o n d i t i o n s f a c i n g i n t e n d i n g i m -

m i g r a n t s f r o m G e r m a n y , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y a f t e r t h e S t a t e




Department regulations to consuls were issued in Sep-

t e m b e r 1 9 3 3 , f o l l o w i n g o u r r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s , t h e a d m i n i s -

t r a t i v e p r o c e d u r e h a s b e e n s i m p l i f i e d i n s e v e r a l d i r e c -

t i o n s , w i t h t h e r e s u l t t h a t t h e n u m b e r o f v i s a s g r a n t e d

t o a p p l i c a n t s d o m i c i l e d i n G e r m a n y h a s b e e n a p p r e c i a b l y

i n c r e a s e d d u r i n g t h e p a s t f o u r o r f i v e m o n t h s . Th e num-

b e r a d m i t t e d w a s s t i l l v e r y c o n s i d e r a b l y l o w e r , h o w e v e r ,

t h a n t h e l e g a l q u o t a f o r G e r m a n y .

P e r h a p s t h e c h i e f d i f f i c u l t y e x p e r i e n c e d b y a p p l i c a n t s

f o r i m m i g r a t i o n v i s a s i s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t t h a t t h e y m u s t

p r o v e t h a t t h e y a r e n o t " l i k e l y t o b e c o m e a p u b l i c c h a r g e , "

( a s t h e p h r a s e h a s b e e n n e w l y c o n s t r u e d d u r i n g t h e p r e s e n t

e c o n o m i c e m e r g e n c y ) a f t e r a r r i v a l i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .

S h o u l d a n a l i e n s u c c e e d i n s a t i s f y i n g t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

C o n s u l t o w h o m h e a p p l i e s f o r a v i s a t h a t h e i s n o t " l i k e l y

to become a public charge," such alien may, upon his

a r r i v a l h e r e , n e v e r t h e l e s s i n t h e o r y b e r e q u i r e d t o f u r n i s h

a b o n d t o g u a r a n t e e a g a i n s t h i s b e c o m i n g a p u b l i c c h a r g e .

U n t i l r e c e n t l y , t h e q u e s t i o n w h e t h e r t h e S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r

has authority, since the Immigration Law of 1924 was

e n a c t e d , t o a c c e p t s u c h a b o n d , i n a d v a n c e o f a n a l i e n ' s

a r r i v a l , h a d b e e n u n i f o r m l y a n s w e r e d ' i n t h e n e g a t i v e , p u r -

s u a n t t o S t a t e a n d L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t r e g u l a t i o n s . This

q u e s t i o n w a s s e t t l e d t o w a r d t h e e n d o f 1 9 3 3 , f o l l o w i n g c o r -

r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n t h e j o i n t C o u n c i l a n d o f f i c i a l s o f t h e

S t a t e a n d L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t , i n w h i c h t h e l e g a l i t y o f t h e

subsisting regulation was challenged by us . On De-

cember 26, 1933 , the Attorney Genera l of the United

S t a t e s , i n r e p l y t o q u e s t i o n s s u b m i t t e d b y t h e S e c r e t a r y

of Labor on November 4, 1933, ruled that it is within

t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r t o a c c e p t a p u b l i c

c h a r g e b o n d i n a d v a n c e o f a n a l i e n ' s a r r i v a l i n t h i s c o u n -

t r y , a n d t h a t , w h e r e t h i s i s d o n e , a c o n s u l a r o f f i c e r m a y n o t



Report of Executive C o m m i t t e e 61

r e f u s e t o i s s u e a v i s a t o t h e a l i e n c o n c e r n e d o n t h e g r o u n d

t h a t h e i s l i k e l y t o b e c o m e a p u b l i c c h a r g e . T h e A t t o r n e y

G e n e r a l ' s r u l i n g s u p p o r t e d a n o p i n i o n o n t h e s a m e s u b -

j e c t r e n d e r e d p r e v i o u s l y b y t h e S o l i c i t o r o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t

o f L a b o r .

T h o u g h t h e n e w r u l i n g w i l l n o t m a k e p o s s i b l e a n y l a r g e

i n c r e a s e i n i m m i g r a t i o n , i t w i l l f a c i l i t a t e t h e e n t r y o f m a n y

d e s i r a b l e p e r s o n s w h o o t h e r w i s e w o u l d b e e x c l u d e d , a n d

t h u s p r e v e n t h a r d s h i p s r e s u l t i n g f r o m a h i t h e r t o m e c h a n i -

c a l w o r k i n g o f t h e l a w s n o t i n h a r m o n y w i t h t h e i r s p i r i t .

T h e J o i n t C o u n c i l a l s o c h a l l e n g e d t h e l e g a l i t y o f a r e g u -

l a t i o n o f t h e t w o D e p a r t m e n t s i n f o r c e f o r t e n y e a r s , m a k -

ing it almost impossible for ref ugees fro m Germa ny

o u t s i d e o f G e r m a n y t o s e c u r e U n i t e d S t a t e s p a s s p o r t v i s a s ,

t h e i r e f f o r t s t o s e c u r e p o l i c e c e r t i f i c a t e s o f c h a r a c t e r f r o m

G e r m a n y b e i n g a l m o s t i n v a r i a b l y t h w a r t e d b y t h e G e r m a n

p o l i c e a u t h o r i t i e s u n d e r s u c h c i r c u m s t a n c e s . Following

t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l a b o v e r e f e r r e d t o ,

t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t f o l l o w e d t h e e x a m p l e o f t h e L a b o r

D e p a r t m e n t i n a d m i t t i n g t h e i m p r o p r i e t y o f t h i s r e g u l a -

t i o n , a n d a n a m e n d m e n t o f i t h a s b e e n p r e p a r e d a n d i s

a b o u t t o b e p r o m u l g a t e d . The late Ma x J . K o h l e r , o n

b e h a l f o f t h e j o i n t C o u n c i l , p r e p a r e d e l a b o r a t e b r i e f s i n

a i d o f o u r p o s i t i o n o n t h e s e q u e s t i o n s .

D u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r t h e r e w a s a p e r c e p t i b l e d e v e l o p -

m e n t o f s y m p a t h y f o r r e f u g e e s , a n d a g r o w i n g s e n t i m e n t

i n f a v o r o f t h e f a c i l i t a t i o n o f t h e i r a d m i s s i o n i n t o t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s , a l t h o u g h w i t h o u t a n y i n c r e a s e i n e x i s t i n g

q u o t a r e s t r i c t i o n s , b e c a u s e o f t h e c o n t i n u i n g u n e m p l o y -

ment .

A s h a s a l r e a d y b e e n r e p o r t e d , f o l l o w i n g t h e s u b m i s s i o n

b y a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e o f

t h e p r o p o s a l t h a t a n u m b e r o f G e r m a n J e w i s h c h i l d r e n b e



62 T h e American Jewish Committee

p la c e d t e m p o r a r i l y i n Am e r i c a n h o m e s , t h e j o i n t C o unc i l

appointed a specia l committ ee t o st udy th is s uggesti on and

mak e such plans for car ryi ng it out as may b e pra ctica ble .

A body known as the German Jewish Children's Aid,Inc ., has been established to take cha rge of this activity,

and a sm all number of ch ildren have a lready bee n admitt ed

and pla c e d in h o m e s .

E a rl y i n M a r c h 1 9 34 . on behalf of y our Com mittee, the

late Max J. Kohler, Chairman of our sub-committee oni m m igr a t i o n , f i le d wi t h t h e C o m m i t t e e o n I m m ig r a t i o n o f

the H ouse of Representatives a statement of objecti ons

against si x bills then pending, all of whi ch s ought e ith er

t o r e duc e e x i s t ing q uo t a s o r t o p r o h i b i t i m m igr a t i on en-

tirely. The ob jecti ons were bas ed chiefly on the widely

re cognized unwisdom of e nact ing perm anent legisla tio nin times of emergency, when the aims sought can beachie ved, as they had effectively been in the ma tter o f im-

migra tion, by the stri cter interpretat ion of existing law .

On March 13, the House Committee on Immigrationagreed not to r eport these a nd other meas ures of the s ame

purport .

Complaints of False Cha rges

T h e c o o pe r a t i o n o f t h e C o m m i t t e e w a s s o l i c i t e d b y sev-

er a l business fi rms , including a lar ge r esta ur ant cha in,

which com plai ned of widesprea d rumors fa lsely c har ging

them with p ro-N a zi sy mp athies, or anti-Jewish discrimina-

tion . M indful of th e impor ta nce of p reventing injustic e,

t h e C o m m i t t e e sub j e c t ed t h e s e c o mpla int s t o a t h o r oughly

obje cti ve investi gat ion and, wher e our fi ndings justi fied

such action, submitted a r eport to the fi rms in question,

cle a r ing t h e m o f t h e c h a r ge s m a de .



The Osman Case

The Committee also c oo perated in arranging f or the

empl oy ment of co unsel fo r Ralp h Osman, a co rp or al in

t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A r m y w h o a p p e a l e d f r o m t h e d e c i s i o n o f

a c o u r t m a r t i a l w h i c h h a d c o n v i c t e d h i m o f v i o l a t i o n o f

the Espionage Act of 1 917 . Repr esentati ons made to

y o u r C o m m i t t e e o n b e h a l f o f t h e y o u n g m a n i n d i c a t e d t h a t

a n t i - J e w i s h p r e j u d i c e h a d p r o b a b l y a f f e c t e d t h e c o n d u c t o f

t h e t r i a l . T h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e c o u r t m a r t i a l w a s s e t a s i d e

b y t h e a p p e a l s c o u r t , a n d t h e c o r p o r a l w a s f r e e d . S u b s e -

qu entl y he appl ied fo r, and was granted an honor able

d i s c h a r g e f r o m t h e a r m y .

The Ameri can Jewish Year Bo ok

I n S e p t e m b e r l a s t , t h e J e w i s h P u b l i c a t i o n S o c i e t y o f

Ameri ca issued Vo lu me 36 of the Americ an Jewish Year

B o o k , c o m p i l e d , l i k e a l l t h e v o l u m e s o f t h i s s e r i e s s i n c e

1 9 0 9 , i n t h e o f f i c e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e . The

c u r r e n t v o l u m e w a s t h e s i x t e e n t h t o b e e d i t e d b y t h e A s -

s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f t h e C o m m i t t e e . A s i s p o i n t e d o u t i n

t h e p r e f a c e , t h e c o n t i n u i n g c r i s i s i n t h e l i v e s o f o u r b r e t h -

r e n i n G e r m a n y i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e p r e s e n t v o l u m e a s i t

w a s i n i t s p r e d e c e s s o r . " N o t o n l y i s a c o n s i d e r a b l e p a r t

o f t h e L i s t o f E v e n t s g i v e n o v e r t o o c c u r r e n c e s a f f e c t i n g

t h e J e w s o f t h a t c o u n t r y , b u t s o m e o f t h e t r a g i c e f f e c t s a r e

i n d i c a t e d a l s o i n t h e N e c r o l o g y w h i c h i n c l u d e s t h e n a m e s

of a number of d isti ngui shed German Jews who di ed by

t h e i r o w n h a n d s , a n d i n t h e n o t i c e s o f a p p o i n t m e n t s o f

s c h o l a r s a n d t e a c h e r s , o u s t e d f r o m t h e l a b o r a t o r i e s a n d

t h e l e c t u r e h a l l s o f G e r m a n c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s , t o

p o s i t i o n s o f h o n o r i n t h e s c h o o l s o f f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s ,

w h e r e t h e y w e r e c o r d i a l l y w e l c o m e d . "

R e p o r t o f Exec u t ive C ommit tee 6 3



6 4 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee

T h e v o l u m e a l s o c o n t a i n s a s p e c i a l a r t i c l e d e a l i n g w i t h

d i s c u s s i o n s o f m i n o r i t y a n d r e f u g e e q u e s t i o n s a t t h e 1 9 3 3

A s s e m b l y o f t h e L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s , e v o k e d b y G e r m a n y ' s

a n t i - J e w i s h p o l i c y . T h e r e a r e a l s o b i o g r a p h i c a l s k e t c h e s

of Doc tor Hyman G . Enelow and Doc tor George Alexan-

d e r K o h u t , t w o d i s t i n g u i s h e d A m e r i c a n J e w i s h s c h o l a r s ,

w h o d i e d d u r i n g t h e p r e c e d i n g y e a r . T h e s e a r t i c l e s w e r e

contrib uted by Doctor David Philip son and Pr ofessor

Al exander Marx . Doc t o r B . M . S elekman, t he Execu-

t i v e D i r e c t o r o f t h e A s s o c i a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s o f B o s t o n ,

c o n t r i b u t e d a n a r t i c l e i n w h i c h t h a t d i s t i n c t i v e l y A m e r i c a n

p r o d u c t , t h e J e w i s h f e d e r a t i o n f o r l o c a l s o c i a l s e r v i c e , i s

s u b j e c t e d t o a c o m p r e h e n s i v e c r i t i c a l a n a l y s i s a s t o i t s

s t r e n g t h a n d w e a k n e s s e s p e c i a l l y a s r e v e a l e d b y t h e i m p a c t

o f t h e p r e v a i l i n g e c o n o m i c d e p r e s s i o n .

B e s i d e s t h e s e s p e c i a l a r t i c l e s , V o l u m e 3 6 c o n t a i n s a

d e t a i l e d l i s t o f e v e n t s d u r i n g t h e p r e c e d i n g y e a r , t h e u s u a l

d i r e c t o r i e s a n d l i s t s , a n d t h e T w e n t y - S e v e n t h A n n u a l R e -

p o r t o f t h i s C o m m i t t e e .

Satur day Sessions in New Jersey N ormal Sc hools

Recently , t he coo peration of y our Committee was

solic it ed by leaders of t he Jewish community o f New

J e r s e y i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f S a t u r d a y s e s -

sions in the No rmal Sc hool s of New Jersey . We wer e

i n f o r m e d t h a t a r e d u c t i o n i n t h e s c h o o l t e r m , a s a n e c o n -

o m y m e a s u r e , w a s t h e o b j e c t o f t h e a u t h o r i t i e s , b u t t h a t

t h e S a t u r d a y s e s s i o n c o n f r o n t e d S a b b a t h - o b s e r v i n g J e w s

w i t h t h e d i l e m m a o f v i o l a t i n g t h e i r c o n s c i e n c e o r f a i l i n g

i n t h e i r s t u d i e s . B e s i d e s , t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f S a t u r d a y

s e s s i o n s i n o n e s e c t i o n o f t h e s c h o o l s y s t e m m a y b e a n

e n t e r i n g w e d g e f o r t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f s u c h s e s s i o n s i n



Report of Execut ive Committ ee 6 5

o t h e r s e c t i o n s i n w h i c h a n e v e n l a r g e r n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s

w o u l d b e a f f e c t e d . The St ate Directo r of Ed ucation to

whom repr esentatio ns were made by community leaders

s u g g e s t e d t h e s u b m i s s i o n o f a b r i e f o n t h e s u b j e c t t o t h e

S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f E d u c a t i o n , a n d , a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e

Commit tee, Mr . Louis E . L e v i n t h a l , o f P h i l a d e l p h i a , a n

a t t o r n e y , w a s g o o d e n o u g h t o p r e p a r e s u c h a b r i e f . The

m a t t e r i s p e n d i n g .

O b j e c t i o n a b l e M o t i o n P i c t u r e s

T h e o p p o r t u n i t y w a s a f f o r d e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f y o u r

C o m m i t t e e t o a t t e n d p r e v i e w s o f s e v e r a l m o t i o n p i c t u r e s

o n t o p i c s o f J e w i s h i n t e r e s t a n d t o o f f e r s u g g e s t i o n s f o r

t h e e l i m i n a t i o n o f p a r t s w h i c h i n t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e C o m -

m i t t e e w e r e l i k e l y t o h a v e a n u n f a v o r a b l e e f f e c t u p o n t h e

r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n J e w s a n d n o n - J e w s . I n o n e c a s e , y o u r

C o m m i t t e e j o i n e d o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n r e g i s t e r i n g p r o -

t e s t a g a i n s t a p r o d u c t i o n w h i c h w a s r e g a r d e d a s o b j e c t i o n -

a b l e i n n u m e r o u s r e s p e c t s . T h i s p r o t e s t r e s u l t e d i n t h e

d e c i s i o n o n t h e p a r t o f t h e p r o s p e c t i v e e x h i b i t o r n o t t o

c i r c u l a t e t h e p i c t u r e .

Y o u r C o m m i t t e e i s g r a t i f i e d t o n o t e t h a t a n u m b e r o f

J e w i s h r e l i g i o u s o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a v e j o i n e d w i t h C h r i s t i a n

b o d i e s i n a n e f f o r t t o e l i m i n a t e i n d e c e n c y f r o m m o t i o n p i c -

t u r e s a n d f r o m t h e a t r i c a l p r o d u c t i o n s .

C o o p e r a t i o n w i t h O t h e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s

A s i n t h e p a s t , y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s c h e e r f u l l y g i v e n i t s

c o o p e r a t i o n t o o t h e r b o d i e s , n o n - J e w i s h a s w e l l a s J e w i s h ,

w h o s e w o r k c o n v e r g e s u p o n t h e o b j e c t s o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ,

a n d i t h a s e n j o y e d t h e h e l p a n d e n c o u r a g e m e n t o f a n u m -




b e r o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s . W e h a v e b e e n i n v e r y c l o s e t o u c h

w i t h t h e B o a r d o f D e p u t i e s o f B r i t i s h J e w s t h r o u g h M r .

N e v i l l e L a s k i , i t s w o r t h y p r e s i d e n t , w h o m w e h a v e t h e

h o n o r o f h a v i n g w i t h u s t o d a y ; w i t h t h e j o i n t F o r e i g n

Committee of that o rganization and t he Anglo- Jewish

A s s o c i a t i o n , a g a i n t h r o u g h M r . L a s k i a n d i t s o t h e r c o -

chairman, Mr . L e o n a r d M o n t e f i o r e . W e c o r r e s p o n d r e g u -

l a r l y w i t h t h e A l l i a n c e I s r a e l i t e U n i v e r s e l l e , t h e J e w i s h

C o l o n i z a t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n , a n d o t h e r i m p o r t a n t a n d a c t i v e

bod ies abroad w ith whom we exchange information and

v i e w s . L a s t s u m m e r t h e P r e s i d e n t a n d t h e S e c r e t a r y o f

the Committee were abroad and had an opp ort unity to

c o n f e r w i t h t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h e s e o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t o o b -

t a i n f i r s t - h a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t m a t t e r s o f J e w i s h i n t e r -

e s t i n a n u m b e r o f c o u n t r i e s . J u s t a b o u t a y e a r a g o , t h e

C o m m i t t e e s e n t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o t h e f i r s t c o n v e n t i o n o f

t h e C a n a d i a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , w i t h w h i c h w e h a v e b e e n

i n f r e q u e n t c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . M e n t i o n h a s a l r e a d y b e e n

m a d e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s i n t e r e s t i n t h e l i b e l c a s e w h i c h

h a s b e e n b r o u g h t i n W i n n i p e g u n d e r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f

t h e C a n a d i a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s . In Sout h America, we

h a v e f u r n i s h e d i n f o r m a t i o n a n d a d v i c e t o a c o m m i t t e e i n

B u e n o s A i r e s w h i c h i s e n g a g e d i n c o m b a t t i n g a n t i - J e w i s h

p r o p a g a n d a i n B r a z i l .

I n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h e C o m m i t t e e c o o p e r a t e s w i t h a

n u m b e r o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s . D u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r w e h a v e

b e e n i n c l o s e t o u c h w i t h t h e U n i o n o f A m e r i c a n H e b r e w

Congregations, the United Synagogu e of America, the

Counci l of Jewish Women, the Hebrew Shelt ering and

I m m i g r a n t A i d S o c i e t y , a n d o t h e r s . S e v e r a l m e e t i n g s

h a v e b e e n h e l d o f y o u r E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e w i t h t h e p a r -

t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e E m e r g e n c y A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l e s t a b l i s h e d ,

y o u w i l l r e c a l l , i n M a y 1 9 3 3 . T h i s C o u n c i l c o n s i s t s o f




r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f 3 1 n a t i o n a l a n d c e n t r a l J e w i s h o r g a n i z a -

t i o n s .

T h r o u g h f r e q u e n t m e e t i n g s o f t h e j o i n t C o n s u l t a t i v e

C o u n c i l , e s t a b l i s h e d i n J u n e 1 9 3 3 , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e

B ' n a i B ' r i t h , t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , a n d y o u r

C o m m i t t e e e x c h a n g e v i e w s a n d f o r m u l a t e u n i f i e d p o l i c i e s .

E x c e p t f o r t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n o f G e o r g e Z . M e d a l i e f o r t h e

l a t e M a x J . K o h l e r a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e B ' n a i B ' r i t h ,

a n d o f H e n r y I t t l e s o n f o r I r v i n g L e h m a n a s r e p r e s e n t a -

t i v e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e , t h e m e m b e r s h i p

o f t h e j o i n t C o u n c i l i s t h e s a m e a s l a s t y e a r , n a m e l y : r e p r e -

s e n t i n g t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s : Messrs . S t e p h e n

S . W i s e , B e r n a r d S . D e u t s c h , a n d L o u i s L i p s k y ; r e p r e -

s e n t i n g t h e B ' n a i B ' r i t h : M e s s r s . A l f r e d M . C o h e n , A l b e r t

O t t i n g e r , a n d G e o r g e Z . M e d a l i e ; a n d r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e

Ameri can Jewish Commit tee : M e s s r s . Jo seph M . P r o s -

k a u e r , H e n r y I t t l e s o n , a n d S o l o m o n M . S t r o o c k .

The Prop osed Wor ld Jewish Congress

I t w i l l b e r e c a l l e d t h a t i n 1 9 3 2 a J e w i s h c o n f e r e n c e h e l d

a t G e n e v a , S w i t z e r l a n d , d e c i d e d t o e s t a b l i s h a W o r l d

J e w i s h C o n g r e s s " b a s e d o n t h e c o n c e p t i o n o f t h e J e w i s h

p e o p l e a s a u n i f i e d n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s m . " A c c o r d i n g t o t h e

r e s o l u t i o n t h e n a d o p t e d , t h e p r o p o s e d c o n g r e s s i s t o b e " a

l e g i t i m a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , a u t h o r i z e d a n d i n d u t y b o u n d t o

d e a l w i t h a l l q u e s t i o n s o f J e w i s h l i f e , a n d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e

J e w i s h p e o p l e t o t h e o u t s i d e w o r l d , i n a s t r u g g l e f o r i t s

c i v i l a n d n a t i o n a l r i g h t s . " T h i s d e c i s i o n w a s c o n f i r m e d

a t c o n f e r e n c e s h e l d i n 1 9 3 3 a n d l a s t s u m m e r .

W h e n i n A u g u s t 1 9 3 4 , r e p o r t s r e g a r d i n g t h e c o n f e r -

e n c e t h e n b e i n g h e l d i n G e n e v a b e g a n t o a p p e a r i n t h e

A m e r i c a n p r e s s u n d e r s e n s a t i o n a l h e a d l i n e s a b o u t a w o r l d




J e w i s h p a r l i a m e n t a n d s u p e r - g o v e r n m e n t , y o u r C o m m i t t e e

d e e m e d i t n e c e s s a r y t o a p p r i z e t h e p u b l i c o f t h e f a c t t h a t

t h e c o n f e r e n c e c o u l d n o t t r u t h f u l l y b e d e s c r i b e d a s r e p r e -

s e n t a t i v e o f t h e J e w s o f t h e w o r l d . T h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f

t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t w a s a u t h o r i z e d :

" I n v i e w o f t h e e r r o n e o u s h e a d l i n e s a n d s t a t e m e n t s

c o n t a i n e d i n s o m e p r e s s r e p o r t s o f a c o n f e r e n c e o f J e w s

n o w b e i n g h e l d i n G e n e v a , a t t e n t i o n i s d r a w n t o t h e f a c t

t h a t t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e , w h i c h i s m a d e u p

o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n e v e r y i m p o r t a n t c i t y i n t h e U n i t e d

S t a t e s , h a s n o t i n d o r s e d a n d i s n o t p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n t h e

w o r l d c o n f e r e n c e , a n d t h a t i m p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n s

a b r o a d , a m o n g t h e m t h e B o a r d o f J e w i s h D e p u t i e s o f

England and the Alliance Israelite Universelle of

F r a n c e , h a v e d e c l i n e d t o s e n d d e l e g a t e s t o r e p r e s e n t

them .

" I n t h e l i g h t o f t h e s e f a c t s , t h e c o n f e r e n c e c a n n o t

t r u t h f u l l y b e d e s c r i b e d a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e o p i n i o n

o f J e w s o f t h e w o r l d o r a s e x p r e s s i n g t h e v i e w p o i n t o f

J e w i s h c i t i z e n s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . "

S u b s e q u e n t l y , o n O c t o b e r 8 , 1 9 3 4 t h e N a t i o n a l E x e c u -

t i v e C o m m i t t e e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s a f f i r m e d

t h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e G e n e v a C o n f e r e n c e o f 1934 t o e s t a b -

l i s h a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s t o b e c o n v e n e d i n 1 9 3 5 , and

a l s o d e c i d e d t o l a u n c h a c a m p a i g n f o r t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f

n a t i o n a l d e m o c r a t i c e l e c t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

o n A p r i l 2 8 , 1 9 3 5 , f o r a n e n l a r g e d A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n -

g r e s s a n d d e l e g a t e s t o t h e p r o p o s e d W o r l d J e w i s h C o n -

g r e s s .

L a t e r , i n N o v e m b e r l a s t , y o u r C o m m i t t e e r e c e i v e d a

c o m m u n i c a t i o n f r o m t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s s t a t -

i n g ( 1 ) t h a t i t s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n C o m m i t t e e h a d a u t h o r i z e d

s t e p s " t o e s t a b l i s h u n i o n a n d c o o p e r a t i o n i n A m e r i c a n




J e w r y w i t h r e l a t i o n t o t h e p a r t i t m a y t a k e , t o g e t h e r w i t h

t h e J e w r i e s o f o t h e r l a n d s , i n d e a l i n g w i t h t h e e x t r a -

o r d i n a r y e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l a n d r e l i g i o u s d i f f i c u l t i e s t h a t

f a c e t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e " ; ( 2 ) t h a t t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h

C o n g r e s s b e l i e v e s " t h a t t h e b e s t i n t e r e s t s o f t h e J e w i s h

p e o p l e w o u l d b e s e r v e d b y t h e c r e a t i o n o f a n e x e c u t i v e

r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n G e n e v a o f t h e o r g a n i z e d J e w r i e s o f t h e

w o r l d , a n d t h a t s u c h r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s h o u l d c o m e i n t o b e -

i n g a s t h e c o n s i d e r e d a c t i o n o f a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s

i n w h i c h t h e d e l e g a t e s w o u l d b e e l e c t e d , a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e

o r f e a s i b l e , o n d e m o c r a t i c l i n e s " ; and (3 ) t hat a Com-

m i t t e e o n C o n c i l i a t i o n h a s b e e n a p p o i n t e d t o c o n f e r w i t h

t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a n d w i t h t h e B ' n a i B ' r i t h

" t o e x p l o r e t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f a r r i v i n g a t a n u n d e r s t a n d -

i n g w i t h y o u ( u s ) o n t h e p r o b l e m s h e r e o u t l i n e d , " a n d

" i s p r e p a r e d t o d o e v e r y t h i n g w i t h i n i t s p o w e r . . . t o

c o n s i d e r y o u r ( o u r ) v i e w s a n d s u g g e s t i o n s f o r a m e n d -

m e n t o r a d j u s t m e n t o r i m p r o v e m e n t o f t h e m e t h o d s s u g -

g e s t e d , " a l t h o u g h " a n y a g r e e m e n t w e m a y a r r i v e a t i s

s u b j e c t t o t h e r a t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e C o m m i t t e e

o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s . "

Y o u r C o m m i t t e e g a v e t h i s p r o p o s a l e x t e n d e d c o n s i d e r a -

t i o n a t a s p e c i a l m e e t i n g a n d u n a n i m o u s l y d e c i d e d t o d e -

c l i n e t o j o i n i n a n y c o n f e r e n c e i n w h i c h t h e p r o p o s a l f o r

a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s i s t o b e t h e s u b j e c t f o r c o n s i d -

e r a t i o n , b u t a g r e e d t o c o n f e r i f o t h e r w a y s o f s e c u r i n g

c l o s e r c o o p e r a t i o n a r e c o n t e m p l a t e d . F o l l o w i n g i s a s t a t e -

m e n t o f s o m e o f t h e m a n y c o n s i d e r a t i o n s w h i c h h a v e a l l

a l o n g s h a p e d t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e t o w a r d t h e

e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a g e n e r a l J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n i n t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s b a s e d o n a p l e b i s c i t e , o r o f a W o r l d J e w i s h

C o n g r e s s o r a n y o t h e r f o r m o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l J e w i s h o r g a n -

i z a t i o n .



70 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee

T h e y e a r 1 9 3 4 m a r k s t h e 2 8 0 t h a n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e b e -

ginnings of the Jewish co mmunit y in the Unit ed States .

E v e n p r i o r t o t h e D e c l a r a t i o n o f I n d e p e n d e n c e t h e J e w i s h

s e t t l e r s i n t h e o r i g i n a l t h i r t e e n c o l o n i e s o r g a n i z e d t h e m -

s e l v e s t o c a r r y o n r e l i g i o u s , e d u c a t i o n a l a n d c h a r i t a b l e

w o r k . With the definite establishment of the United

S t a t e s a s a n i n d e p e n d e n t n a t i o n , t h e g r a d u a l e n l a r g e m e n t

o f t h e t e r r i t o r y a n d t h e i n f l o w o f i m m i g r a n t s t o t h e U n i t e d

S t a t e s f r o m v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e w o r l d , t h e J e w i s h c o m -

m u n i t y t o o k o n a l a r g e r f o r m a n d t h e s e u n i t s i n t h e d i f -

f e r e n t c i t i e s a n d s t a t e s c o m m e n c e d t o f o r m n a t i o n a l o r -

g a n i z a t i o n s t o f u r t h e r t h e i r p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t s . These

o r g a n i z a t i o n s w e r e v o l u n t a r y ; t h e y w e r e c r e a t e d b y p e o p l e

m o s t i n t e r e s t e d i n a p a r t i c u l a r b r a n c h o f J e w i s h a c t i v i t y ;

t h e y c h o s e t h e i r o w n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a n d a d o p t e d t h e i r

o w n p o l i c i e s .

I n t i m e s o f e m e r g e n c y , c o n f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e s e o r -

g a n i z a t i o n s w e r e h e l d , u n i t e d a c t i o n s e c u r e d a n d t h e d e -

s i r e d r e s u l t w a s u s u a l l y a t t a i n e d .

A p l e b i s c i t e o f a l l t h e J e w s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a b o v e

t h e a g e o f e i g h t e e n , f o r w h i c h a g i t a t i o n i s n o w a s t i r , i s a

d i r e c t a t t e m p t , t h r o u g h p r o p a g a n d a , t o d e s t r o y o r m i n i -

mize the insti tu ti ons which the Jews of Americ a have

t h e m s e l v e s c r e a t e d o v e r a l o n g p e r i o d o f y e a r s f o r a l l s o r t s

o f w o r t h y p u r p o s e s r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e n e e d s o f t h e A m e r i -

can Jewi sh co mmunit y . I f t h i s w e r e n o t s o , a n d i f t h i s h a d

n o t , o n a p r e v i o u s o c c a s i o n , w h e n t h e r e w a s a p l e b i s c i t e ,

been the pur po se of the Ameri can Jewi sh Congress, t he

s e c u r i n g o f c o m m o n c o u n s e l t h r o u g h a c o n f e r e n c e d e r i v e d

f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e e x i s t i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s w o u l d

h a v e b e e n a l l t h a t w a s r e q u i r e d . J u s t a s t h i s a t t e m p t w a s

made on a previous occasio n dur ing the emergency cr e-




a t e d b y t h e W o r l d W a r , t h e d i s a s t e r t o t h e J e w s i n G e r -

m a n y h a s a g a i n b e e n e m p l o y e d a s t h e o c c a s i o n t o r e c r e a t e

an org anization through a plebiscite, dir ect voting, a

m e t h o d w h i c h u p t o t h i s t i m e h a s o n l y b e e n e m p l o y e d b y

J e w s l i k e o t h e r A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f e l e c t -

i n g t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n C o n g r e s s , e x p r e s s i n g t h e i r

p r e f e r e n c e f o r P r e s i d e n t a n d V i c e - P r e s i d e n t i n t h e e l e c -

t o r a l c o l l e g e , a n d c h o o s i n g t h e i r S t a t e , C o u n t y a n d M u -

n i c i p a l o f f i c i a l s . I t m u s t b e c l e a r t o a n y o n e w ho

wil l r eflect that the creatio n of a general electoral

m ac h i n e r y b y t h e J e w s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r

the pur p o se of e s t a b l i s h i n g a Congr ess i s bound

t o b r i n g a b o u t i n t h e m i n d s o f o u r f e l l o w c i t i z e n s a c o n -

f u s i o n w h i c h c a n o n l y b e u n f a v o r a b l e t o t h e J e w i s h c o m

munity ; w h e r e a s t h e r e i s n o t a s i n g l e o b j e c t t h a t w i l l b e

a t t a i n e d b y t h e c r e a t i o n o f s u c h a n o r g a n i z a t i o n b a s e d

u p o n a p l e b i s c i t e t h a t c a n n o t n o w a c t u a l l y b e r e a c h e d u n d e r

t h e e x i s t i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h t h e J e w s i n A m e r i c a h a v e

e s t a b l i s h e d .

W e a r e t o l d t h a t a l l t h i s i s p r o p o s e d i n t h e n a m e o f D e -

m o c r a c y a s t h o u g h t h i s w e r e a n e w c o n c e p t t o J e w s . A n y

J e w , w h o h a s e v e r t a k e n p a r t i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o r c o n -

duc t of a Synagog ue or a Lodg e or any of the numerous

o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h w e r e b u i l t u p , c a n t e s t i f y t h a t a l l t h e s e

o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e d e m o c r a t i c a l l y o r g a n i z e d a n d r e p r e s e n t

t h e w i l l o f t h e p e o p l e w h o a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e m a n d w h o

suppor t them . T h e S y n a g o g u e , t h e m o s t a n c i e n t e x i s t i n g

J e w i s h i n s t i t u t i o n , h a s b e e n d e m o c r a t i c f r o m i t s i n c e p t i o n

thousands of years ago . T h e r e a l q u e s t i o n t h e r e f o r e i s

w h e t h e r t h e J e w s o f A m e r i c a i n e m e r g e n c i e s s h a l l s p e a k

t h r o u g h b o d i e s t h a t r e p r e s e n t a l l t h e i r e x i s t i n g i n s t i t u -

t i o n s , o r w h e t h e r t h e y s h a l l s p e a k t h r o u g h a p l e b i s c i t e

fro m which a large part o f t he co mmunity , w hich has




b e e n s p e c i f i c a l l y e n g a g e d i n t h e p r o p e r a n d n e c e s s a r y w o r k

of t he Jewish community, wou ld abstain and oug ht to

a b s t a i n .

These considerations, w hich in ou r op inion make a

p l e b i s c i t e f o r a n A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s u n w i s e , a p p l y

w i t h i n f i n i t e l y g r e a t e r f o r c e t o t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e

W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s o r a n y o t h e r f o r m o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l

J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h w h i c h t h e p l e b i s c i t e w a s i n i t i a l l y

a n d i s a p p a r e n t l y s t i l l b o u n d u p .

A conference held at Geneva, Swi tz erland, in Aug ust

1 . 9 3 2 , a d o p t e d a r e s o l u t i o n c a l l i n g f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t

o f a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , i n w h i c h t h e o b j e c t o f t h e

p r o p o s e d C o n g r e s s w a s s t a t e d t o b e

"This Wor ld Congress, based o n the co ncepti on of

t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e a s a u n i f i e d n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s m ( V o l k s -

o r g a n i s m u s ) , s h o u l d b e a l e g i t i m a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , a u -

t h o r i z e d a n d i n d u t y b o u n d t o d e a l w i t h a l l q u e s t i o n s

o f J e w i s h l i f e , a n d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e t o t h e

o u t s i d e w o r l d , i n a s t r u g g l e f o r i t s c i v i l a n d n a t i o n a l

r i g h t s . "

T h i s r e s o l u t i o n w a s c o n f i r m e d i n a l l d e t a i l s b y t h e c o n -

f e r e n c e s w h i c h m e t i n 1 9 3 3 a n d i n 1 9 3 4 .

I t w a s f u r t h e r a m p l i f i e d b y s t a t e m e n t s o f t h e l e a d i n g

pr op onent of the Wor ld Jewi sh Congress, who declared

" I t s h o u l d . . . c r e a t e a t r u l y l e g i t i m a t e u n i f i e d r e p r e -

s e n t a t i o n o f t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e , w h i c h w i l l h a v e t h e r i g h t

t o s p e a k i n t h e n a m e o f t h e s i x t e e n m i l l i o n J e w s , t o t h e

n a t i o n s a n d t h e g o v e r n m e n t s o f t h e w o r l d . . . " "There

i s o n l y o n e p o s s i b l e b a s i s f o r t h e W o r l d C o n g r e s s , t h e

idea of Jewish Natio nhood (Vo lkstum) . " "The scop e

o f t h e C o n g r e s s w i l l b e t h e t o t a l i t y o f J e w i s h q u e s t i o n s ,

t h e p r o b l e m s o f i n n e r J e w i s h l i f e , t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n




b e f o r e t h e n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r l d , t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t

t h e f o e s o f t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e . "

We share the feeling o f t hose who, alarmed b y t he

t r a g i c f a t e t h a t h a s b e f a l l e n t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y , a n d t h e

b a n e f u l i n f l u e n c e i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s o f N a z i p o l i c i e s , u r g e

t h a t J e w s e v e r y w h e r e t a k e c o u n s e l w i t h o n e a n o t h e r w i t h

a v i e w t o f i n d i n g e f f e c t i v e m e a s u r e s t o d e f e n d t h e m s e l v e s

a g a i n s t t h e m e n a c e w h i c h t h r e a t e n s t h e i r v e r y e x i s t e n c e .

B u t t o t a k e s u c h c o u n s e l , t o c o n f e r a n d e x c h a n g e v i e w s

i s o n l y t h e p r o x i m a t e p u r p o s e o f t h e p r o p o s e d W o r l d C o n -

g r e s s . I t i s c l e a r f r o m t h e s t a t e m e n t s q u o t e d t h a t t h e

C o n g r e s s i s i n t e n d e d t o b e a p e r m a n e n t P a r l i a m e n t , t h f

d e p u t i e s o f w h i c h , e l e c t e d b y a m a c h i n e r y w h i c h i s a s s o -

c i a t e d w i t h r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t o f p o l i t i c a l s t a t e s ,

a r e t o b e a u t h o r i z e d t o d e a l w i t h a l l m a t t e r s a f f e c t i n g J e w s

i n a n y a n d e v e r y c o u n t r y o f t h e g l o b e ; a n d t o n e g o t i a t e

wi th governments on matters affecti ng Jewish ci ti zens .

While it c annot serve any usefu l pur pose which is not

n o w b e i n g s e r v e d b y e x i s t i n g v o l u n t a r y J e w i s h a g e n c i e s i n

each cou ntry, the prop osed Wor ld Jewi sh Congress can

o n l y e n d a n g e r t h e s t a t u s o f t h e J e w s i n t h e c o u n t r i e s o f

w h i c h t h e y a r e c i t i z e n s . A s c i t i z e n s , J e w s r e c o g n i z e o n l y

t h e a u t h o r i t y o f t h e p a r l i a m e n t o f t h e c o u n t r y i n w h i c h

t h e y l i v e .

A Jewish parli ament wo ul d gi ve aid and co mfort to

t h o s e w h o p r o m o t e h o s t i l i t y t o t h e J e w s , o n t h e g r o u n d o f

a l l e g e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o l i d a r i t y a n d ' s u p e r - l o y a l t y . I t

w o u l d s o w d o u b t s i n t h e m i n d s o f o u r f e l l o w - c i t i z e n s i n

a l l c o u n t r i e s a s t o t h e p r e c i s e s t a t u s o f t h e J e w a s c i t i z e n .

T h e s e d a n g e r o u s c o n s e q u e n c e s w i l l f o l l o w , a l t h o u g h t h e

C o n g r e s s w i l l i n f a c t b e n o t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f a l l t h e J e w s ,

a n d w i l l h a v e n o p o w e r t o e n f o r c e i t s d e c i s i o n s e v e n u p o n




t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s w h o v o t e f o r i t s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , a n d

w h o , b y s o d o i n g , a r e i m p l y i n g t h e a c c e p t a n c e o f a n o b l i -

g a t i o n t o a n e x t r a - n a t i o n a l a u t h o r i t y . T h e s e c o n s e q u e n c e s

a r e i n e v i t a b l e , a l t h o u g h i n p r a c t i c e t h e C o n g r e s s c a n b e

n o t h i n g m o r e t h a n a p l a t f o r m f o r t h e m a k i n g o f s p e e c h e s ,

a n d a c o n v o c a t i o n f o r t h e p a s s a g e o f r e s o l u t i o n s .

T h e r e h a v e a l w a y s b e e n , a n d t h e r e a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y t o -

d a y , s p e c i a l p r o b l e m s f a c i n g t h e J e w s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s s i -

m u l t a n e o u s l y .B u t , o w i n g t o t h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e c o n -

d i t i o n o f t h e J e w s o f v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s , a n d i n t h e t r a d i -

t i o n s a n d c u s t o m s o f t h e s e c o u n t r i e s , t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f

t h e s e p r o b l e m s d i f f e r m a t e r i a l l y i n e a c h l a n d f r o m t h e

m a n i f e s t a t i o n s i n o t h e r l a n d s . I t i s c l e a r , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t

t h e J e w s o f e a c h c o u n t r y a r e i n t h e b e s t p o s i t i o n t o u n d e r -

s t a n d a n d m e e t t h e i r o w n p r o b l e m s , w i t h o u t t h e a s s i s t a n c e

o f a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g e n c y w h i c h c o u l d n o t p o s s i b l y u n d e r -

s t a n d t h e l o c a l s i t u a t i o n s .

T h e C o m m i t t e e b e l i e v e s t h a t i t i s a t t i m e s u s e f u l f o r

t h e a c c r e d i t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f d i f f e r -

e n t c o u n t r i e s t o m e e t f o r a n i n t e r c h a n g e o f v i e w s a n d i n -

f o r m a t i o n . T h e C o m m i t t e e h a s p a r t i c i p a t e d i n s u c h c o n -

f e r e n c e s , a n d i s p r e p a r e d t o d o s o a t f u t u r e m e e t i n g s

w h e n , i n i t s o p i n i o n , t h e y a p p e a r d e s i r a b l e .

T h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e h o l d s i t t o b e s e l f -

e v i d e n t t h a t t h e J e w s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s h a v e h e r e e s t a b -

l i s h e d a p e r m a n e n t h o m e f o r t h e m s e l v e s a n d t h e i r c h i l -

d r e n , h a v e a c q u i r e d t h e r i g h t s a n d a s s u m e d t h e c o r r e l a t i v e

d u t i e s o f A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s h i p , a n d r e c o g n i z e t h e i r u n -

q u a l i f i e d a l l e g i a n c e t o t h i s c o u n t r y w h i c h t h e y l o v e a n d

c h e r i s h a n d o f w h o s e c i t i z e n s t h e y r e g a r d t h e m s e l v e s a s a

l o y a l a n d i n t e g r a l p a r t . T h e C o m m i t t e e b e l i e v e s t h a t a s

A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s , J e w s h a v e t h e r i g h t , i n d i v i d u a l l y o r

a s s o c i a t e d i n g r o u p s , t o a p p r o a c h t h e g o v e r n m e n t o f t h e



t ce p o r t o f L xec u t ive Commi t t ee is

U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s o l i c i t i t s g o o d o f f i c e s i n b e h a l f o f t h e

b e t t e r m e n t o f t h e l o t o f o p p r e s s e d J e w s i n o t h e r l a n d s .

T h e C o m m i t t e e d o e s n o t b e l i e v e , h o w e v e r , t h a t i t i s c o n -

s i s t e n t w i t h t h e s e p r i n c i p l e s f o r t h e m t o a s s o c i a t e t h e m -

s e l v e s w i t h t h e c i t i z e n s o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s i n c r e a t i n g a n

i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o d y w h i c h w i l l a s s u m e o r a t t e m p t t o s p e a k

f o r t h e J e w s o f t h i s c o u n t r y .

T h e C o m m i t t e e b e l i e v e s t h a t , a n i m a t e d b y t h e i r l o v e o f

c o u n t r y a n d t h e i r d e v o t i o n t o t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e p t i o n o f

p a t r i o t i s m , A m e r i c a n J e w s w i l l r e c o g n i z e t h e m e n a c e t o

t h e i r s t a t u s i n h e r e n t i n t h e p r o p o s e d W o r l d C o n g r e s s a n d

w i l l d e c l a r e t h e i r o p p o s i t i o n t o i t . A f i r m a n d u n e q u i v o c a l

r e f u s a l t o h a v e a n y p a r t i n s u c h a m o v e m e n t , e i t h e r d i r e c t l y

o r i n d i r e c t l y , m a y p e r s u a d e t h o s e w h o a r e p r o m o t i n g i t t o

withdraw fr om a proposed co urse of action which can

a c h i e v e n o h e l p f u l r e s u l t s , b u t w h i c h i s f r e i g h t e d w i t h e m -

b a r r a s s m e n t a n d e v e n d i s a s t e r t o J e w s e v e r y w h e r e .

I t h a s b e e n p o s s i b l e i n t h i s b r i e f r e p o r t t o d w e l l u p o n

o n l y a v e r y f e w o f t h e m a t t e r s w i t h w h i c h t h e E x e c u t i v e

C o m m i t t e e a n d i t s s t a f f w e r e b u s i l y o c c u p i e d d u r i n g t h e s e

p a s t f o u r t e e n m o n t h s .

W e c a n a s s u r e y o u , h o w e v e r , t h a t w e h a v e t r i e d e a r n e s t -

l y a n d , w e b e l i e v e , i n t e l l i g e n t l y t o e x e r t e v e r y p o s s i b l e i n -

f l u e n c e t o c o m b a t t h e h o s t i l i t y h e r e a n d a b r o a d . Our

w e a p o n s a r e n o t t h o s e o f a r m i e s a n d n a v i e s , o f g u n s a n d

g a s e s . O u r w e a p o n i s l a r g e l y p u b l i c o p i n i o n . Without

h y s t e r i a , b u t w i t h p r o f o u n d c o n c e r n w e h a v e , i n m a n y

w a y s , s o u g h t t o i l l u m i n e t h e p u b l i c m i n d w i t h r e s p e c t t o

t h e d a n g e r s o f a n t i - S e m i t i s m a n d a l l f o r m s o f r a c i a l a n d

r e l i g i o u s b i g o t r y , n o t o n l y t o t h e J e w s b u t t o a l l p e o p l e

w h o l o v e l i b e r t y a n d j u s t i c e . T h e p r e s s , t h e c l e r g y , p u b l i c




o f f i c i a l s a n d l e a d e r s i n a l l w a l k s o f l i f e a n d o f a l l f a i t h s

a r e m a k i n g c o m m o n c a u s e t o s t e m b i g o t r y a n d a n t i - r e l i g i o u s

movements . I t i s e v i d e n t t h a t t h e A m e r i c a n p e o p l e , t h o u g h

s o r e l y t r i e d b y e c o n o m i c d i s t r e s s , h a v e b e e n i m m u n e t o

t h e u n s c r u p u l o u s b u t s k i l f u l p r o p a g a n d a o f t h e N a z i s a n d

o t h e r s w h o d e s i r e t o e x p l o i t r a c i a l p r e j u d i c e f o r t h e i r o w n

s e l f i s h e n d s . I t i s i m p e r a t i v e , h o w e v e r , t h a t o u r e f f o r t s

i n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h P r o t e s t a n t s a n d C a t h o l i c s c o n t i n u e

unabated and in such a manner as to co nvince our non-

Jewish fellow -Ameri cans that the rights we demand fo r

o u r c o - r e l i g i o n i s t s i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a r e t h o s e e l e m e n t a l

h u m a n r i g h t s w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e t h e b a s i s o f A m e r i c a n c i v -

i l i z a t i o n .

T o c a r r y o n w e n e e d y o u r i m p l i c i t c o n f i d e n c e a n d g e n -

e r o u s s u p p o r t .

R e s p e c t f u l l y s u b m i t t e d ,

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE



REPORT ON ORGANIZATION MATTERS

1 . N e c r o l o g y

The Commit tee s usta ine d a great l oss in the sud den

passing of one of t he members of it s Execu ti ve Committ ee,

Mr. Max J . K ohler , on Ju l y 2 4, 1934 . The follo wing

resolu tion was duly recorded in the m in u tes of y o u r

C ommit tee

"The members of the Executive Committee of the American

J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e , l e a r n i n g w i t h s o r r o w o f t h e p a s s i n g o f t h e i r

c o l l e a g u e , M a x J . K o h l e r , h a v e r e c o r d e d t h e f o l l o w i n g m i n u t e

"His bro ad comprehension of the facts and pri nciples of

A m e r i c a n J e w i s h l i f e ; h i s t i r e l e s s a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a d v a n c e m e n t

o f d e m o c r a t i c i d e a l s ; h i s u n c e a s i n g l a b o r s i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f

t h e i m m i g r a n t ; h i s v a s t k n o w l e d g e o f t h e l a w a n d h i s t o r y , s u p -

p o r t e d b y a p h o t o g r a p h i c m e m o r y , e n a b l e d h i m t o r e n d e r u n i q u e

s e r v i c e t o t h e c o m m u n i t y a t l a r g e a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r t o t h e

Jewish co mmunit y .

" I m b u e d w i t h t h e d e e p s e n s e o f j u s t i c e a n d w i t h a n a b i d i n g

f a i t h i n t h e m e t h o d s a n d p r i n c i p l e s o f d e m o c r a c y , h e l a b o r e d i n -

d e f a t i g a b l y t o w i n f o r t h o s e w h o h a d k n o w n p o l i t i c a l , r e l i g i o u s ,

a n d r a c i a l p r e j u d i c e t h e f r e e d o m w h i c h t h e y h a d l o n g b e e n d e -

nied and whic h Americ a promised . The law, in his bro ad

j u d g m e n t , w a s a m e a n s o f a t t a i n i n g a n d a s s u r i n g t h e s e i d e a l s .

I t w a s i n a n d t h r o u g h t h e l a w t h a t h i s m i n d a n d h e a r t f o u n d

h o p e f o r f r e e d o m a n d j u s t i c e .

" H e w a s n o t e s s e n t i a l l y o r m e r e l y a p r a c t i c i n g a t t o r n e y , b u t

r a t h e r a j u r i d i c a l s c h o l a r , a g r e a t a u t h o r i t y i n c o n s t i t u t i o n a l a n d

i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w , e s p e c i a l l y a s t h e y c o n c e r n e d t h e f u n d a m e n t a l

r i g h t s o f m e n . I n p a r t i c u l a r , i t w a s t o t h e r i g h t s o f m i n o r i t i e s

t h a t h e d e v o t e d h i s s c h o l a r l y a c t i v i t i e s a n d p r a c t i c a l e f f o r t s .

H e g a v e g e n e r o u s l y o f h i s t i m e a n d h i s v i t a l e n e r g i e s t o t h e

w o r k o f s u c h o r g a n i z a t i o n s a s t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h H i s t o r i c a l

S o c i e t y , T h e J u d e a n s , t h e S t a n d a r d J e w i s h E n c y c l o p e d i a ,t h e

Jewish Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Baron de Hirsch

F u n d , t h e U n i o n o f A m e r i c a n H e b r e w C o n g r e g a t i o n s , t h e B ' n a i

B ' r i t h a n d t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e .

77




" T h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e i n t e n d e r i n g i t s s y m p a t h y

t o h i s b r o t h e r a n d t o h i s s i s t e r s , s h a r e s w i t h a l l o f t h e s e o r g a n i -

z a t i o n s a n d I s r a e l a t l a r g e t h e l o s s o f a b r i l l i a n t a n d a l w a y s

h e l p f u l c o l l a b o r a t o r .

" T h e r e m e m b r a n c e o f h i s l i f e a n d s e r v i c e s w i l l b e a s o u r c e

o f i n s p i r a t i o n t o a l l w h o a r e c a r r y i n g o n t h e w o r k t h a t a b s o r b e d

h i s l o y a l t y a n d t a l e n t s . "

A meeting i n memor y o f Mr . Kohl er was held on Su n-

day afternoon, N ovember 25, 193 4, at Temple Emanu-El .

New York City , wit h twenty-tw o org aniz ations partic i-

p a t i n g , a n d a d d r e s s e s d e l i v e r e d b y t h e f o l l o w i n g : t h e R e v .

Dr. S amuel H . G old enson, t he Hon . Ir ving L ehman, the

Hon. Alfred M . Cohen, and Dr . A . S . W . R osenbach . The

Hon. Jul ian W . Mack who w as to have spo ken bu t w as

u n a b l e t o a t t e n d , s e n t a m e s s a g e o f a p p r e c i a t i o n .

The Committee also suff ered the loss of the fo ll ow ing

Community Representatives since the last Annual Meeting

Dr . H . G . Enelow , of New York City, on Feb . 6 , 1 9 3 4

Israel Unterberg, of New York City, on May 1, 1934

M. E . G reenebaum, o f C h i c a g o , I l l . , o n J u n e 2 2 , 1 9 3 4

Al exander Cahn, o f N ew Haven, Conn ., on Aug . 2 7 ,

1934

Ludw ig Vo gelstein, of New York City, on Sept . 2 4 ,

1934

A. C . Wurmser, of Kansas Cit y, Mo . , o n O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 3 4

Minutes expressing the Committ ee's sense of loss, were

adopted by you r Executi ve Committee .

2. The Execut ive Commit tee

Because of the establishment of a commit tee represent-

ing Jewish labor org anizatio ns, w hose by-l aws requi re

t h a t i t s m e m b e r s s h a l l n o t a t t h e s a m e t i m e b e m e m b e r s o f

a n y o t h e r J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n d e a l i n g w i t h p o l i t i c a l q u e s -

tions, Mr . B . C . V ladeck t endered his resignati on as a

member of the Execu ti ve Committ ee . Y o u r E x ec u t i v e



R e p o r t o f E xec u t ive C o m mi t t e e 7 9

C o m mi t t e e f e l t compelled, to their p r o f o u n d r e g r e t , to

a c c e p t M r . Vladeck's resignation . Mr. Har o l d Hi rsch o f

Atlanta, Georg ia, was elected a member of the Execut ive

C om mi t t e e t o s u c c e e d M r . V ladeck .

In v iew o f t he enlar gement o f the Co r p o r a te Member -

ship and of a unanimous desire to secur e wider c ou nsel

and ser v i c e , y o u r E x e c u t i v e C o mm i t t e e r e c o m men d s t ha t

the by-l aws should be amended to pro vide for the enlarge-

men t o f t he E x ec u t i v e C o mm i t t e e t o a ma xi m u m o f f i f t y

instead of the present maximum of thirty . Notifi cation of

an amend ment f o r t hat p u r p o s e t o b e v o t e d u p o n b y y o u

to day w as issued to t he membership on December 3, 193 4 .

3 . Member ship

Y o u r Commi t tee takes p leasu r e in rep o r t in g that al l

the persons elected t o Corp or ate Membership at you r last

meeti ng, o n December 10, 193 3, and who se names appear

on pages 79 to 82, inclu sive, of t he Twenty- Seventh An-

nual Report, agreed to serve .

Dr. Samuel H. Goldenson, of New York City, was

elected to f il l the vacancy cr eated by the death of Dr.

H. G . E n e l o w ; Rabbi Nathan H. Co l ish, o f Ho ust on,

Texas, to fil l the vacancy i n that co mmunity ; and Mr . Her-

man Ritt er, of Yo ungstow n, Ohio, fo r the vacancy i n that

community .

In the cou rse of the year, the foll owi ng members ten-

dered their resignati ons

Jac o b A sher , Wo r cester , Mass .

A l ber t Berney , Bal t imo re, M d .

David B . Eisendrath, Milwaukee, Wis .

H e r b e r t F r i e d e n w a l d , W as hi n g t o n , D . C .

Nat han Isaacs, Cambri dg e, Mass .

A l e x a nde r K a h n, N e w Y o r k C i t y

M ax S c h ni t z e r , H o u s t o n , Te xas




T h e s e r e s i g n a t i o n s w e r e a c c e p t e d w i t h r e g r e t .

I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e b y - l a w s , t h e

fol low ing N ominating Committee, empow ered to name

c a n d i d a t e s t o s u c c e e d t h o s e m e m b e r s w h o s e t e r m s e x p i r e

t o d a y , a n d t o f i l l e x i s t i n g v a c a n c i e s , w a s a p p o i n t e d

Edmund H. Abr ahams, Savannah, Geor gi a

J u s t i n P . A l l m a n , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .

Si mon Bergman, N ew York City

David M . B r e s s l e r , N e w Y o r k C i t y , C h a i r m a n

A r t h u r B r i n , M i n n e a p o l i s , M i n n e s o t a

Henry S . Hendri cks, New York City

Har r y A . H o l l z e r , L o s A n g e l e s , C a l i f .

J o s e p h J . K l e i n , N e w Y o r k C i t y

Edw ard Lazansky, New York City

James Marshall, New Yor k City

Si gmond Sanger, Toledo, Ohio

B e n j a m i n S t o l z , S y r a c u s e , N . Y .

F e l i x V o r e n b e r g , B o s t o n , M a s s .

F o l l o w i n g i s a l i s t o f t h e n o m i n e e s o f t h e N o m i n a t i n g

Commit tee

* T o f i l l v a c a n c y .

STATE CITY NOMINEES

C a l i f o r n i a L o ng Beac h *Har vey B . F r a n k l i n

Lo s Angeles M . J . F i n k e n s t e i n

San Diego *Jacob Weinberger

Colorado Denver *Charles R osenbaum

C o n n e c t i c u t New Britain *Morris D . Saxe

N e w Haven *S . F r e d e r i c k W e t z l e r

N e w L o n d o n E z e k i e l S p i t z , t o s u c c e e d

Nestor Dreyfus

Stamford *Ab raham Wofsey



Repor t of Execut ive Committ ee 81

STATE CITY NOMINEES

F l o r i d a J a c k s o n v i l l e Mo r t on R . H i r s c h b e r g

Miami D . J . A p t e

Tampa *Ernest Maas

I l l i n o i s Chicago *Milton S . F l o r s h e i m

Alfred K . For eman

*A R i char d F rank

F r ank L . S u l z b e r g e r

Peoria WB . Woolner

I n d i a n a Gary *Louis H . G l u e c k

Terre Haut e * Lo u is B r o wn

I o w a Mason Cit y *Sam Raizes

Kansas Kansas Cit y *Joseph Cohen

Maine Bangor * M i c h a e l P i l o t

Maryland Baltimore *Sid ney Lansburg h

M a s s a c h u s e t t s Boston James Sol omont

Salem *Max G o l d b er g

Worcester *Joseph Talamo

Michigan Grand Rap ids Philip F . Waterman, to suc-

ceed Julius H . Amberg

Minnesota Duluth * E d w a r d A . S i l b e r s t e i n

Nebr aska L i n c o l n *Nathan J . G o l d

New Jersey A t l a n t i c C i t y Joseph B . P e r s k i e

East Orange A . J . Dimond

Ne w Br unsw i ck Abr aham Jelin

N e w a r k *Meyer C . E l l e n s t e i n

N e w M e x i c o L as Vegas L o u is C. I l f e l d

N e w Y o r k B u f f a l o Joseph L . F i n k

Herman Wil e

Elmira Benjamin F . Levy

New York City E d w a r d L . B e r n a y s

Herman Bernstein

David M . B r e s s l e r

*Morris R . Cohen

D a vi d M . Heyman

To f i l l v a c a n c y .Henry Ittleson





Arthur K . Kuhn

Herbert H . Lehman

Solo mon Lowenstein

Alexander Marx

*Lawr ence Marx

*Henry Moskow it z

*Wa l t e r W . R o t h s c h i l d

*Samuel Salzman

Hugh Grant Straus

R o g e r W . S t r a u s

S o l o m o n M . S t r o o c k

Fel ix M . Warbu rg

Ralph Wolf

Rochester H e nr y M . S t e r n

Troy *Joseph Goodman

Utica S . Joshua Kohn

Nort h Carolina Goldsboro Lio nel Weil

Ohio Canto n *A. M . L u n t z

Toledo S i gmond Sanger

Pennsylvania Br ad d o c k *Mal colm Go ldsmith

Chester *Nathan Sp eare

Erie Isador Sobel

McKeespor t *Herman Levine

P h i l a d e l p h i a Cyrus Adler

Horace Stern

Morris Wolf

*Al . Paul Lefton

Rhod e Island Woo nsoc ket *Arthur I . Darman

Sou th Carolina C h a r l e s t o n S i d n e y R i t t e n b e r g , t o s u c c e e d

I . Blank

Tennessee Chattanoo ga *Sidney Marks

Knoxville *Ben R . Winick

N a s h v i l l e Nathan Cohn

Texas Beaumont *Benjamin Blu m

G a l v e s t o n Isaac H . Kempner



In the f o l l o w in g c ommuni t ies, in whi ch t he Commi t t ee

receives i ts su p p o r t f r o m l o cal federat i o ns o r w el fare

funds, t he nominations were made by the Boards of those

organizations

As is requi red by the By-L aws, the sustaining members

were gi ven an op po rt unit y t o make independent nomina-

t i o n s .


Repor t of Execut ive Committ ee 8 3

STATE CITY NOMINEES

Utah S a l t L a k e C i t y *Juli an M . B a m b e r g e r

Vermont B u r l i n g t o n *Samuel Li sman

M o n t p e l i e r *E . L . S e g e l

V i r g i n i a Port smouth * J u l i a n M . B l a c h m a n

Ric hmond Irving May

STATE

C a l i f o r n i a

CITY

Lo s Angeles

Oakland

S a n F r a n c i s c o

NOMINEES

Lester W . R o t h

B . L . M o s b a c h e r

Max C . S l o s s

Michigan D e t r o i t Juli an H . K r o l i k

Minnesota M i n n e a p o l i s Arthur Brin

M i s s o u r i K a n s a s C i t y *Geor ge Oppenheimer

S t . L o u i s Charles W. R i c e

Aaro n Waldheim

Ohio C i n c i n n a t i Murray S easongood

C l e v e l a n d E d w a r d M . B a k e r

P e n n s y l v a n i a Reading Alex . L . L u r i a

S c r a n t o n *Leon M . L e v y

T e n n e s s e e Memphi s *Louis L evy

Texas D a l l a s J . K . H e x t e r

Wisconsin Sheboygan *George Hol man




The natio nal o rganizatio ns which are affi liated w ith the

Committee designated the fol low ing delegates for t he year

1 9 3 5 :

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, A. S. W.

R o s en b a c h

B'RITH SHOLOM, Martin O. L e v y , Wi l l i a m M . Lew is

CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS, SamuelH. G oldenson

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH

WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS, E s t e l l e M . S ternberger

COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL AND YOUNG ISRAEL OR-

GANIZATIONS, Edward S . S i l v e r

HADASSAH, Mrs . A . L a m p o r t , M r s . D av i d d e S o l a P o o l

HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF

AMERICA, John L. Bernstein, Abraham Herman,Harry Fi schel, Jacob Massel, Alb ert Ro senblatt

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, M ax S i l v e r -

stein, Samuel Gol dstein, L eon Sanders, Max L . Hol-

lander

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, Simon M .

G o l d s mi t h

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, J o s e p h R o s e nz w e i g

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL SERVICE,

Fred M . Butzel

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mrs. Mauric e

L. G o l d m an

ORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E.

G r e en b e r g

PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, A . D. Bearman

RABBINICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL

SEMINARY OF AMERICA, Elias Margo lis

UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF

AMERICA, B enj am i n K o en i g s b e r g , W i l l i a m Wei ss



Repor t of Execut ive Commit tee 8 5

UNITED ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA, Herman

S p e i e r , L e o W o l f s o n

UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, L o u i s J . M o s s

WOMEN ' S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEW-

ISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Mr s . Jo seph M .

Asher

WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF

AMERICA, Mr s . M o s e s H y a m s o n , M i s s S a r a h K u s s y ,

Mr s . S a m u e l S p i e g e l

Y o u r C o m m i t t e e t a k e s p l e a s u r e i n n o m i n a t i n g t h e f o l -

l o w i n g p e r s o n s f o r M e m b e r s h i p - a t - L a r g e , t o s e r v e f o r

o n e y e a r

Lou is Bamberger, Newark

Le o M . B r o w n , M o b i l e

J a c o b E p s t e i n , B a l t i m o r e

E l i F r a n k , B a l t i m o r e

N . B . G o l d s t e i n , M i l w a u k e e

Albert M . G r e e n f i e l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a

Hir am S . H a l l e , N e w Y o r k

H e r b e r t J . Hannoch, N ewark

H a r o l d H i r s c h , A t l a n t a

Wil li am L . Ho lz man, Omaha

P h i l i p C . J o s l i n , P r o v i d e n c e

J . J . K a p l a n , B o s t o n

L o u i s E . K i r s t e i n , B o s t o n

F r e d L a z a r u s , J r . , C o l u m b u s

A l b e r t C . L e h m a n , P i t t s b u r g h

Samuel D . L i e d e s d o r f , N e w Y o r k

Mon te M . L e m a n n , N e w O r l e a n s

A u s t i n T . L e v y , H a r r i s v i l l e , R . I .

Chas . J . L i e b m a n , N e w Y o r k

J u l i a n W . Mack, New York




George Z . Medalie, New Yor k

Henry Mor genthau, Sr ., New York

Reub en Opp enheimer, Balt imore

M i l t o n J . R o s e n a u , B o s t o n

L e s s i n g J . R o s e n w a l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a

Morris Rot henberg, New York

Henry Sachs, Colo rado S pri ngs

Frederic W . W i l e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C .

Henry Wineman, Detro it

Leo Wolman, New Y or k

4 . A c t i v i t i e s o f F i e l d R e p r e s e n t a t i v e

I n t h e s p r i n g o f 1 9 3 3 , R a b b i A b b a A b r a m s v o l u n t e e r e d

t o d e v o t e h i s v a c a t i o n t o c a r r y i n g t h e m e s s a g e o f t h e C o m -

mittee to a number of c ommunities . T h e i n t e r e s t d i s -

p l a y e d i n h i s v i s i t s w a s s o g r a t i f y i n g t h a t t h e d e c i s i o n w a s

made to have Rabbi Ab rams co ntinu e his servi ce as a

m e m b e r o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s s t a f f . H i s a c t i v i t i e s h a v e r e -

s u l t e d i n a w i d e r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d i n b r i n g -

ing the pro gr am of the Committ ee to the att enti on of

c o m m u n i t i e s i n w h i c h t h e C o m m i t t e e h i t h e r t o h a d n o r e p r e -

s e n t a t i o n o r m e m b e r s h i p .

Duri ng the past year, R abbi A br ams visited t he

f o l l o w i n g 1 1 1 c o m m u n i t i e s i n 2 5 s t a t e s , a n d t h e D i s t r i c t

of Columbia :

ALABAMA : Birmingham

CONNECTICUT : B r i d g e p o r t , Danbury, H a r t f o r d , New Haven,

New London, Stamford , Waterbury

DELAWARE : Wilmingto n

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA : Washingto n

FLORIDA : M i a m i , J a c k s o n v i l l e , T a m p a

GEORGIA : A t l a n t a , M a c o n , S a v a n n a h , A u g u s t a

ILLINOIS : P e o r i a , M o l i n e , R o c k I s l a n d



R e p o r t o f Executi ve Co mmi t t ee 8 7

INDIANA : I n d i a n a p o l i s , S o u t h Ben d , Ter r e Ha u te

IowA : Da v en p o r t

LOUISIANA : N e w O r l eans

MAINE : A u g u s t a , B a ng o r , G a r d i n er , Lewiston, Portland,

Waterville

MASSACHUSETTS : Boston, Bro ckto n, Chelsea, Fall R iver, Hav-

e r hi l l , L a w r e nc e , L o w e l l , L y n n, M a l d e n, N e w B e d f o r d ,

Pittsfield, S omerville, Sp ringfield, Worcester

MINNESOTA : Dulu th, Minneapol is, St . Paul

M I S S I S S I P P I : Jackson, Meridian, Vic ksburg

MISSOURI : Kansas City, St . Louis

NEW HAMPSHIRE : Fr anklin, Manchester, Nashua, Por tsmouth

NEW JERSEY : A t la n t i c C i t y , Ba y on ne , Cam den, E l i z a be th,

Hoboken, Jersey City, N ew Brunswick, N ewark, Paterson,

Plainfi eld, Trenton, West New Yor k

NEW YORK : A l b a n y , B i n g h am t o n , B u f f a l o , E l m i r a , M o u n t

Vernon, New Roc helle, Ni agara Falls, Po ughkeepsie, New-

b u r g h , R o ch este r , S c h enec ta d y , S y ra c us e , U t i c a , T r o y ,

Whit e Plains, Yonkers

NORTH CAROLINA : Greensbor o

OHIO : Akron, Cincinnati, Columbus, Toledo, Youngstown

PENNSYLVANIA : Allentown, Erie, Harrisburg, Hazelton, L an-

caster, P ittsburg h, Sc ranton, Wilkesbarre

RHODE ISLAND : Provid ence

TENNESSEE : Memphis, Nashvill e, Chattanoog a

VIRGINIA : Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond, Roanoke,

P o r t s mo u t h

WIScoNSIN : Madison, Milwaukee, Superio r

5. Regional Conferences and Chicago Meeting

To mak e i t p o ssi b l e f o r mem b e r s o f t he Exe c u t i v e C o m-

mitt ee and o f t he staff t o add ress the membership in a wid e

a r e a, o n t h e p r o b l e m s w i t h w h i c h t h e Co m m i t t e e i s d e a l i n g ,

and at the same time to permit members who could not

attend the annual meetings which have been held in New

Y o r k C i t y , t o m e et w i t h t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h e C o m mi t t e e a nd

t o o f f e r c o u n s el o n t h es e p r o b l e ms , t h e C o mm i t t e e a r r a ng e d

s ev e r a l c o n f e r e n c e s d u r i n g t h e y e ar 1 9 3 4 , a n d a l s o a m i d -





Repo rt of the Treasur er



Repo rt of the Treasur er

To the Members o f t he American Jewish Commit tee :

O u r f i s c a l y e a r w h i c h , s i n c e t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s i n c e p t i o n i n

November 1906 , ended on Oct ober 3 1, 19 34, has been

c h a n g e d t o c o i n c i d e w i t h t h e c a l e n d a r y e a r , n a m e l y f r o m

J a n u a r y 1 t o D e c e m b e r 3 1 . T h i s r e p o r t c o v e r s t h e f o u r t e e n

months' period from November 1, 193 3 through Decem-

b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 .

I h a v e a n a u d i t e d s t a t e m e n t o f r e c e i p t s a n d e x p e n d i t u r e s

f o r t h i s p e r i o d w h i c h i s a t t a c h e d a s p a r t o f t h i s r e p o r t a n d

w h i c h w i l l b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n a l l i t s d e t a i l s i n t h e p r i n t e d

p r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e m e e t i n g .

T h e f o l l o w i n g i t e m s r e s p e c t i n g t h e s o u r c e s o f o u r i n -

c o m e w i l l b e o f i n t e r e s t :

R o u g h l y s p e a k i n g , t h e C o m m i t t e e e n j o y s f i v e s o u r c e s o f

income

1 . Individu al members,-t here were 2 , 7 3 2

s u c h i n d i v i d u a l s , w h o c o n t r i b u t e d i n t h e

a g g r e g a t e1 0 5 , 8 1 5 . 5 8

2 . 3 6 l o c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s , w h i c h c o n t r i b u t e d

a t o t a l o f, 3 9 7 . 5 9

3 . 2 1 W e l f a r e F u n d s a n d F e d e r a t i o n s , w h i c h

c o n t r i b u t e d, 7 0 4 . 3 2

4 . 4 3 A p p r o p r i a t i o n s m a d e t h r o u g h s p e c i a l

community drives or appeals, giving a

t o t a l o f0 , 6 3 7 . 0 0

5 . 1 2 N a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s , i n c l u s i v e o f

f o u n d a t i o n s , f r o m w h o m w e s e c u r e d, 2 0 2 . 2 8

$133, 756 . 7 7

I t w i l l a l s o b e o f i n t e r e s t t o k n o w t h a t , g e o g r a p h i c a l l y

9 1




speaking, contri but ions from New York City aggregated

$ 6 0 , 2 2 2 . 2 3 ; fro m Chicago, $20,940 . 3 1 ; a n d t h a t t h e r e -

maining $ 5 2 , 5 9 4 . 2 3 came fr om 287 o t h e r c o m m u n i t i e s i n

t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .

A bu dg et has been prepared fo r t he Execut ive Com-

m i t t e e w h i c h c a l l s f o r $200,000 f o r t h e y e a r 1935 . This

l a r g e i n c r e a s e i n t h e b u d g e t i s m a d e n e c e s s a r y b y t h e f a c t

t h a t t h e C o m m i t t e e h a s f o u n d i t d e s i r a b l e t o f i n a n c e c e r -

tain very impor tant and far-reaching educatio nal work

w h i c h , d u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r , w a s f i n a n c e d f r o m p r i v a t e

s o u r c e s . T h i s f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e w a s g i v e n f o r t h i s w o r k

i n o r d e r t o t e s t i t s e f f i c a c y a n d t o a f f o r d i t a n o p p o r t u n i t y

for develop ing a pro gram, wit h the understanding that

s h o u l d t h e C o m m i t t e e f i n d i t u s e f u l , t h e C o m m i t t e e w o u l d

b e e x p e c t e d t o o b t a i n t h e f u n d s n e c e s s a r y f o r i t s c o n t i n u a -

t i o n a n d e x p a n s i o n . The resul ts of the work have been

g r a t i f y i n g , a n d , c o n v i n c e d o f t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f c a r r y i n g

i t o n , t h e C o m m i t t e e h a s g l a d l y a s s u m e d t h i s a d d i t i o n a l

b u r d e n , c o n f i d e n t t h a t o u r f r i e n d s a n d m e m b e r s t h r o u g h -

o u t t h e c o u n t r y w i l l c h e e r f u l l y c o n t r i b u t e t h e a d d i t i o n a l

f u n d s n e c e s s a r y .

I c a n n o t c l o s e t h i s r e p o r t w i t h o u t e x p r e s s i n g o u r d e e p

a p p r e c i a t i o n t o o u r C o m m i t t e e M e m b e r s a n d o t h e r f r i e n d s

t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y f o r t h e i r f i n e c o o p e r a t i o n i n a u g -

m e n t i n g t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e i r c o m m u n i t i e s . I a m g r a t e f u l

to the members of t he Execut ive Commit tee who were

n o t o n l y e x c e p t i o n a l l y g e n e r o u s i n t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n s

but also enli sted the generous suppo rt o f numero us

f r i e n d s . A sincere word of appreciatio n has also b een

m e r i t e d b y o u r s e c r e t a r y , M r . Waldman, and the members

o f h i s s t a f f , e s p e c i a l l y M e s s r s . Sc hneiderman and Wallach

and Rabbi Abba Ab rams, ou r f ield r epresentative . B y



Repo rt o f the Treasur er 9 3

h i s e f f e c t i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h i s w o r k , o u r S e c r e t a r y h a s

a i d e d t h e T r e a s u r e r g r e a t l y i n t h e v e r y i m p o r t a n t t a s k o f

o b t a i n i n g f u n d s i n d i s p e n s a b l e t o t h e C o m m i t t e e f o r i t s

d i v e r s i f i e d a c t i v i t i e s .

W e l o o k f o r w a r d c o n f i d e n t l y t o a u g m e n t e d c o o p e r a t i o n

o n t h e p a r t o f o u r m e m b e r s a n d f r i e n d s i n a l l p a r t s o f t h e

c o u n t r y .


SAMUEL D. L E I D E S D OR F ,

Treasurer .



Appendix

REPORT OF THE AUDITORJ a nu a r y 4 , 1 9 3 5

T he Am e r i c a n J ew i s h Com m i t t e e

171 Madison Avenue

New York City

Gen t l emen

In acco rdance wit h your instruc tio ns, I have examined

the b o o ks and ac c o unts o f t he Amer i can Jew ish Commi t -

tee, for t he fou rteen months' p eriod beginning November

1 , 1 9 3 3 a n d en d e d D ec e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 . This was made

necessary by r eason of a change in the fiscal year of you r

C o mm i t t e e, w h i c h f o r m e r l y e n d ed o n O c t o b e r 3 1 s t , b u t

which has now b een changed t o c oi ncid e wit h the calendar

year .

The resul ts of t his wor k are pr esented in the acco m-

panying Exhibi ts and Schedules, as fol low s

EXHIBIT "A"-Balance Sheet-General Fund-as at

D e c em b er 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 .

EXHIBIT " B " - S t a t e m e nt o f I n c o m e a nd E x p e n s es f o r

the fo u r teen mon ths ende d De cembe r

31, 1934 .

S c h e d u l e B - 1 S t a tement o f Inc ome f r om Federat i ons

a nd F o u n d a t i o n s .

B-2 S t a t e me nt o f I n c o m e f r o m C om mu n i t y

A p p e a l s .

B - 3 S t a t e me nt o f O p e r a t i o n a n d M a i n t e-

nanc e E x p enses - G e ner a l O f f i c e .

B-4 Statement of American Jewish Year

B o o k Ex penses .

9 4



A p p e nd i x - R e p o r t o f t h e A u d i t o r 9 5

EXHIBIT "C"- Balance S heet - L ou i s Mar shal l F u nd

a s a t D e c e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 .

EXHIBIT "D"-Balance Sheet-Sp ecial Fund for Edu-

c a t i o n a l P r o g r a m a s a t D e c e m b e r 3 1 ,

1 9 3 4 .

T h e c a s h o n h a n d w a s v e r i f i e d b y a c t u a l c o u n t ; t h e c a s h

o n d e p o s i t w i t h t h e M a n u f a c t u r e r s T r u s t C o m p a n y w h i c h

i n c l u d e d t h e T r e a s u r e r ' s a c c o u n t , t h e R e g u l a r a c c o u n t , a n d

t h e S p e c i a l a c c o u n t , a n d t h e a m o u n t s o n d e p o s i t i n t h e

E m i g r a n t s S a v i n g s B a n k , I r v i n g S a v i n g s B a n k a n d B a n k

f o r S a v i n g s w e r e c o n f i r m e d b y c e r t i f i c a t e s s u b m i t t e d b y

t h e b a n k s . T h e c a s h d i s b u r s e m e n t s w e r e v e r i f i e d b y co m-

p a r i s o n w i t h v o u c h e r s s u b m i t t e d .

I h e r e b y c e r t i f y t h a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t s m a r k e d E x h i b i t

" A , " E x h i b i t " C " a n d E x h i b i t " D " a n d t h e a c c o m p a n y i n g

statement of Income and Exp enses marked Exhibit "B"

a r e i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e b o o k s a n d i n m y o p i n i o n a r e

p r o p e r l y d r a w n s o a s t o r e f l e c t t h e t r u e f i n a n c i a l c o n d i t i o n

o f t h e C o m m i t t e e , a t D e c e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 a n d i t s a c t i v i t i e s

f o r t h e f o u r t e e n m o n t h s ' p e r i o d t h e n e n d e d .


( S i g n e d ) M . PARMET



96 The Amer i c an Jew i sh Commi t tee

E x h i b i t " A "

GENERAL FUND

BALANCE SHEET-AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1934

AS SETS

CASH ON DEPOSIT

Manu f a c t u r e r s T r u s t C o m p an y $ 5 , 3 0 4 . 3 8

CASH ON HANDPett y Cash Fund0 . 0 0

F U R N IT U R E & F IXT U R E S

At Cost, 9 2 1 . 3 3

Less : R e s e r v e f o r D e p r e c i a t i o n 2 , 0 8 6 . 6 5

Net B o o k Val ue, 8 3 4 . 6 8

Lo ans Receivabl e5. 0 0

OTHER ASSETSFive Units of Certi fic ate No . 5 1

"The Shoreland"-h i c a g o -

B o o k V a l u e. 0 0DEF ER R E D CHAR G ES

Insur ance U nexpir ed4 . 6 7

TOTAL ASSE TS9 , 3 2 9 . 7 3

LIABILITIES

Accr ued E xpenses6 8 9 . 8 9

TOTAL L IABILITIES89 . 8 9

G E N E R A L F U N D S U R P L U S

Surplu s-November 1, 19331,397 . 7 2

Add : Excess of Inco me over Expenses for

1 4 Months Ended December 3 1, 193 4

a f t e r p r o v i d i i .g f or R eserve and Edu -

ca t i on a l P r o g ra m - E x hi b i t " B ", 2 4 2 . 1 2

G E N E R A L F U N D S U R P L U S - D E CE M BE R 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 $ 8 , 6 3 9 . 8 4

E x h i b i t " B "

STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSESI N C O M E

I N C O M E F R O M M E M B E R S

Su staining Members2 3 , 1 0 3 . 3 5

C ont r i b u t in g M embe rs4 9 . 5 5

Total Inco me fro m Members23,752. 9 0



Appendix-Report of the A u d i t o r 97

Income brou ght forward2 3 , 7 5 2 . 9 0

INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES

Federatio ns and Fou ndations-S chedule B-1 1 7 , 7 9 4 . 3 2

Community Appeals-S chedule B-25 , 7 2 3 . 4 3

S p e c i a l I n d i v i d u a l C o n t r i b u t i o n s6 , 4 7 6 . 1 2

Liq uidating Distribu tion of $2 per share-

"The Shoreland"0 . 0 0

Total Income from Other S ourc es1 0 , 0 0 3 . 8 7TOTAL INCOME-ALL SOURCESEXPENSES AND RESERVESOperati on and Maintenance Expenses -

Schedule B-38 2 , 3 2 9 . 8 7

American Jewish Year Bo ok Expenses-

Schedule B-4, 7 5 2 . 2 8

S p e c i a l C o n t r i b u t i o n s a n d A p p r o p r i a t i o n s . . 1 5 , 4 3 2 . 5 0

$ 1 3 3 , 7 5 6 . 7 7

TOTAL EXPENSES0 1 , 5 1 4 . 6 5

EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENSES3 2 , 2 4 2 . 1 2

Less Special R eserve Fund for E duc ational

P r o g r a m5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0

E x c e s s o f I n c o m e o v e r E x p e n s e s a n d R e s e r v e s $ 7 , 2 4 2 . 1 2

Schedule B-3

STATEMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

EXPENSES -GENERAL OFFICE

SALARIES :

S e c r e t a r i a l a n d O f f i c e, 1 3 1 . 1 8

Research and L ibr ary, 0 5 8 . 0 5

Total4 8 , 1 8 9 . 2 3



98 The Amer i c an Jew i sh Commi t tee

Expenses brou ght fo rward4 8 , 1 8 9 . 2 3

OTHE R EXPE N S E S

R e n t a n d L i g h t o f O f f i c e, 5 0 3 . 8 8

Postage-Current Mail, 6 6 2 . 0 4

S t a t i o n e r y a n d P r i n t i n g i n c l u d i n g 2 7 t h A n -

nual Report, 5 3 9 . 9 2

Telephone and Telegr aph, 2 0 2 . 9 0

C l i p p i n g s, 3 3 7 . 4 5

B o o k s a n d P e r i o d i c a l s, 2 6 6 . 8 4

Executi ve and G eneral Meeting Expenses . . 1 , 7 1 5 . 8 1

Legal and Aud iti ng Fees00 . 0 0

R e p a i r i n g a n d M a i n t a i n i n g O f f i c e E q u i p m e n t 8 5 . 4 7

I n s u r a n c e0 7 . 3 9

S t o r a g e o f O f f i c e R e c o r d s00 . 4 7

D e p r e c i a t i o n o f F u r n i t u r e a n d F i x t u r e s50 . 5 2

Traveling Expenses

Londo n Conference, 2 5 0 . 0 0

All Other, 6 3 7 . 4 6

Total, 8 8 7 . 4 6

Membership Campaig n Exp enses45 . 8 2

M u l t i g r a p h i n g a n d M a i l i n g , i n c l u d i n g s a l -

a r i e s, 0 3 7 . 9 0

Pamphlet Pri nting, 4 4 6 . 0 3

Tax on Checks0 . 0 2

Rental of Typewriters8 . 0 0

Kohler Memorial6 . 2 3

M i s c e l l a n e o u s O f f i c e E x p e n s e s1 , 7 7 6 . 4 6TOTAL OPERATION AN D MAINTENAN CE

EXP E N S E S - G E N E R A L O F F I C E, 3 2 9 . 8 7

Schedule B-4

STATEMENT OF AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOKEXPENSES

E d i t o r i a l S e r v i c e1 , 6 6 0. 0 0

O f f i c e S a l a r y, 9 4 6 . 6 9

M i s c e l l a n e o u s45 . 5 9

TOTAL A M E R I C A N J E W I S H Y E A R BOOK

EXPENS ES3 , 7 5 2 . 2 8



E x h i b i t " E "

RESERVE FUND FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

BALANCE SHEET-DECEMBER 31, 1934

ASSETS

CASH ON DEPOSIT

Manufacturers Trust Co2 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0

REPRESENTING

Reserve Fund for Educ ational Pro gram . . . . $ 2 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0

A p p end i x - R ep o r t o f t he A u d i t o r 9 9

Exhibit "D"

L o u i s MARSHALL FUND

BALANCE SHEET-DECEMBER 31, 1934

ASSETS

CASH ON DEPOSIT

Emigrant Industr ial S avings Bank7 , 6 3 4 . 4 7

Irvi ng Savings Bank, 2 3 6 . 1 5

Bank for S avings, 4 6 1 . 0 7

TOTAL ASSETS1 5 , 3 3 1 . 6 9

REPRESENTINGL o u i s Marshal l F und Su r p l us-alance-

N"vember 1, 19331 4 , 9 4 2 . 1 8

A d d : I n t e r e s t o n B a n k B a l a n c e s8 9 . 5 1

TOTAL LOUIS MARSHALL FUND SURPLUS-DECEMBER 3 1 , 1 9 3 41 5 , 3 3 1 . 6 9



Add ress by

N e v i l l e L a s k i , E s q . , K . C .



ADDRESS BY NEVILLE LASKI, K . C .

President, Board of Deputi es of Bri tish Jews

Mr. C h a i r m a n , L a d i e s a n d G e n t l e m e n :

I lit tle thoug ht, when I met Dr . Adl er recently at a meet-

i n g o f t h e B o ar d o f D ep u t i e s, t h at I s ho u l d , n o t m an y

m o n t hs a f t e r w a r d , h a v e t he p r i v i l e g e o f h a v i n g y o u r A n -

nual Meeting fixed so t hat I coul d attend . I am glad I at-

t en d e d f o r m o r e t han o ne r eas o n . You , repr esentatives of

t he Amer i c an Je w r y , have s o o f t en c o me t o En g l an d an d t o

the Continent to c onsult w ith us and give us the advantage

o f y o u r e x p er i e n c e a nd w i s e c o u n s el , a nd s o v e r y r a r e l y

h av e w e r ec i p r o c a t ed b y c o m i n g t o y o u t o p l a c e o u r s m al l

experience and i ntelligence at your disposal . And I hope

that c oming in my of fici al capacity w ith the full consent and

a p p r o v a l o f t h o s e o v e r w h o m I p r e s i d e , m a y e s t a b l i s h a

t r a d i t i o n o f mo r e f r e q u en t m u t u a l i n t e r c hang e o f v i s i t s .

I think that it is appro pri ate that at this meeting I should

o b s e r v e o ne o r t w o o f t h e t h i ng s t o w h i c h D r . Ad ler has

refer red in his d ist ing u i shed ad d ress . T h e f i r s t m a t t e r

w h i c h I c h o o s e f o r r e f e r e nc e i s t h e m o v e me n t f o r a s o -

called World Jewish Congress. This is not a new idea

and it is a matter which, if you wil l fo rgi ve me for stress-

i n g i t , c o n c e r n s t h o s e o f u s w h o l i v e i n t h e O l d W o r l d

r a t h er m o r e t h a n y o u w h o l i v e i n t h e N e w W o r l d , b e c a u s e

w e a r e n ea r e r a c e n t e r o f s t o r m a n d a g i t a t i o n t h a n y o u .

And I think sometimes the pro po nents of t hat idea in this

g reat c o unt r y , have a detachment f r o m the Eu r o pean scene

whic h makes them a li ttl e less info rmed and a litt le less

ca pab le o f j u d g in g o f the ev i l im p l i c a t i on s that w i l l i n o u r

o p i n i o n i n ev i t a b l y f o l l o w .

103



1 0 4 The Americ an Jewish Commit tee

W e h a v e , n o t o n l y i n E n g l a n d b u t i n H o l l a n d , B e l g i u m ,

a n d F r a n c e , f o u r n o t u n i m p o r t a n t c o m m u n i t i e s o f t h e O l d

W o r l d J e w i s h c o m m u n i t i e s , c o n s i d e r e d t h i s q u e s t i o n . And

w e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d i t a n d I c h o s e m y a d j e c t i v e s c a r e f u l l y

i n t e n d i n g t h a t f u l l w e i g h t s h a l l b e g i v e n t o t h e q u a l i t y o f

e a c h o f t h e m - w e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d t h i s q u e s t i o n i m p e r s o n -

a l l y a n d w e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d i t i n t e l l e c t u a l l y . I h a v e r e a d ,

s o f a r a s I c o u l d l a y h a n d s u p o n i t , a l l t h e l i t e r a t u r e a n d

s p e e c h e s , a n d t h e y h a v e b e e n v o l u m i n o u s , w h i c h h a v e b e e n

a d v a n c e d b y t h o s e w h o f a v o r t h i s i d e a . I h a v e n o d o u b t

t h e r e a r e c e r t a i n l i m i t a t i o n s w h i c h a l a w y e r ' s t r a i n i n g i m -

p o s e s u p o n h i s a b i l i t y i n t e l l e c t u a l l y t o g r a s p t h i n g s . I c a n

o n l y s a y t h a t I f e e l t h a t s o m e t i m e s t h e l a n g u a g e o f a d -

v o c a c y o n t h e p a r t o f t h e p e o p l e w h o w i s h f o r t h i s W o r l d

J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , l a c k s c o n c r e t e n e s s a n d p r e c i s i o n a n d

s e e m s s o m e t i m e s t o c o m e f r o m a l y r i c a l c l o u d l a n d r a t h e r

t L a n t o b e l o n g t o a w o r l d o f r e a l i t y i n w h i c h , f o r t u n a t e l y

o r u n f o r t u n a t e l y , w e l i v e .

T h i s s u m m e r , w e w e r e a g a i n i n v i t e d b y o n e o f t h e m o s t

p e r s u a s i v e a n d c o m p e t e n t a d v o c a t e s o f t h i s i d e a , D r . G o l d -

m a n n , t o a d h e r e t o i t , a n d h e a d d r e s s e d a s p e c i a l l y a r -

r a n g e d m e e t i n g i n P a r i s , w h i c h M r . Waldman att ended .

' T h e r e w e r e p r e s e n t a t t h a t m e e t i n g o u t s t a n d i n g r e p r e s e n -

t a t i v e s o f t h e E n g l i s h , D u t c h , B e l g i a n , a n d F r e n c h c o m -

m u n i t i e s , a p p r o a c h i n g t h e p r o b l e m f r o m e x a c t l y t h e b a s i s

I h a v e i n d i c a t e d , a n d i t w a s o n c e m o r e u n h e s i t a t i n g l y

turned dow n . W e w e r e t h e n a s k e d t o s e n d o b s e r v e r s t o

- t h e m e e t i n g , a n d w e t u r n e d t h a t d o w n t o o b e c a u s e w e w e r e

n o t p r e p a r e d t o b e l i e v e t h a t w e s h o u l d a l t e r f r o m o u r p o i n t

o f v i e w ; i f w e t r i e d t o r e t a i n o u r q u a l i t y o f o b s e r v e r s w e

w o u l d v e r y s o o n b e t r a n s l a t e d i n t o a d h e r e n t s .

I h a v e o n l y h e a r d D r . A d l e r r e a d w h a t I a m s u r e i s t h e

considered view of the American Jewish Committee . I



A d d r e s s b y Neville Laski, K. C . 1 05

b e l i e v e i t t o b e t h e c o n s i d e r e d v i e w o f t h e m a j o r i t y o f r i g h t

t h i n k i n g A m e r i c a n J e w s . I t i s c e r t a i n l y t h e v i e w o f t h o s e

c o u n t r i e s I h a v e m e n t i o n e d , a n d i f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h

C o m m i t t e e a n d t h e a c c r e d i t e d h e a d s o f t h e f o u r g r e a t

c o m m u n i t i e s I h a v e m e n t i o n e d , r e f u s e t o a d h e r e t o t h i s

W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , i t s e e m s t o m e i t w i l l b e s o m e w h a t

o f a f a r c e t o c o n t i n u e w i t h t h e i d e a .

W e a r e a l w a y s p r e p a r e d , o f c o u r s e , t o c o n s i d e r a n y f r e s h

a r g u m e n t s t h a t w i l l b e p u t f o r w a r d . I d o n ' t b e l i e v e t h e r e

a r e a n y f r e s h a r g u m e n t s . T h e m a t t e r h a s b e e n p e n d i n g s o

l o n g t h a t w e h a v e p r o b a b l y e x h a u s t e d s u c h i n t e l l e c t u a l i t y

a s c o u l d b e b r o u g h t i n t o t h e d e b a t e . B u t i f t h e r e a r e n e w

a r g u m e n t s l e t t h e m b e b r o u g h t f o r w a r d n o w a n d w e a r e

a l w a y s s t r o n g e n o u g h t o c h a n g e o u r m i n d s . But I do

feel, coming from Euro pe, from the Old World to t he

N e w , t h a t I c a n s a y t h a t I w o u l d r e g a r d i t , a n d m y f r i e n d s

w o u l d r e g a r d i t , a s a d i s a s t e r t h a t t h i s i d e a s h o u l d g o

forward . I n s o f a r a s t h e p r o o f o f t h e p u d d i n g i s i n t h e

e a t i n g , l e t m e s a y t h i s : J e w s a n d n o n - J e w s h a v e s t u d i e d

w i t h c a r e w h a t i s g r a n d i l o q u e n t l y c a l l e d t h e p r o t o c o l s o f

t h e t h r e e p r e l i m i n a r y c o n f e r e n c e s o r c o n g r e s s e s t h a t h a v e

t a k e n p l a c e a t G e n e v a . I s a y n o t h i n g , i n f a c t I s a y e v e r y -

t h i n g f o r t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e o r a t o r y , a s s h e e r o r a t o r y ,

w h i c h d i s t i n g u i s h e d t h o s e p r o c e e d i n g s , b u t I h a v e y e t t o

f i n d , a f t e r c a r e f u l s c r u t i n y , t h a t t h e r e e m e r g e d f r o m e i t h -

e r o f t h e m o n e s i n g l e c o n s t r u c t i v e i d e a t h a t h a s a d v a n c e d

in any w ay any of the many pr ob lems that harass us .

I a l s o w a n t t o s a y t h i s . I t m a y b e w i t h i n t h e k n o w l e d g e

o f s o m e o f y o u t h a t I h a v e s o m e w h a t w a n d e r e d a b o u t t h e

e a r t h d u r i n g t h e l a s t t w o y e a r s i n p u r s u a n c e o f m y p r o p e r

b u s i n e s s a s p r e s i d e n t o f t h e B o a r d , a n d C h a i r m a n o f t h e

J o i n t F o r e i g n C o m m i t t e e , a n d I w a s a t G e n e v a d u r i n g t h e



1 0 6 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee

l a s t a s s e m b l y o f . t h e L e a g u e , a n d I c a n s a y f r o m m y o w n

r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d k n o w l e d g e t h a t t h e r e w a s a r e p r e s e n t a -

t i v e o f a g r e a t p o w e r w h o r e f u s e d t o s e e m e a n d a c e r t a i n

o t h e r p e r s o n w i t h w h o m I w a s w o r k i n g a t t h a t t i m e , b e -

c a u s e o f t h e o f f e n s e h e t o o k a b o u t a s p e e c h m a d e b y a c e r -

t a i n i n d i v i d u a l a t t h e l a s t m e e t i n g o f t h e W o r l d J e w i s h

C o n f e r e n c e .

J e w s o u g h t n o t i n l a r g e m e a s u r e t o d e a l w i t h t h e s e d e l i -

c a t e q u e s t i o n s i n v o l v i n g p e r h a p s t h e l i v e s o f f e l l o w - J e w s ,

u n l e s s t h e y h a v e a c e r t a i n t e c h n i c a l t r a i n i n g i n t h e s e m a t -

t e r s , w h i c h i s p a i n f u l l y a c q u i r e d , a n d I s a y , a l s o w i t h d e -

l i b e r a t i o n , t h a t m y e x p e r i e n c e i s t h a t p u b l i c b u s i n e s s i s n o t

t r a n s a c t e d n o r m a l l y a t p u b l i c m e e t i n g s .

I a m p r o u d a l s o t o b e h e r e f o r a n o t h e r r e a s o n . Ever

s i n c e t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e ,

you have been the corr espondents, the valued corre-

s p o n d e n t s o f o u r s e l v e s , o f t h e F r e n c h , o f t h e B e l g i a n s , a n d

o f t h e D u t c h , a n d w e h a v e r e t a i n e d t h a t c o r r e s p o n d e n c e

f o r t h i s r e a s o n , i f f o r n o o t h e r , t h a t y o u s p e a k i n t h e s a m e

t e m p o a s w e d o . Y o u r a p p r o a c h t o y o u r p r o b l e m s a n d t o

o u r w o r l d J e w i s h p r o b l e m i s t h e s a m e a s o u r s . We have

n o o b j e c t i o n w h a t e v e r , i n d e e d w e h a v e c o n t a c t s t h e s a m e

a s y o u r s e l f w h i c h w e v a l u e , w i t h o t h e r b o d i e s , i n c l u d i n g

the American Jewish Congress. W e r e s p e c t t h e i r p o i n t

o f v i e w a n d k n o w t h e y w i l l r e s p e c t o u r s , b u t w e m u s t b e g

l e a v e t o d i f f e r , a n d a g r e e t o d i f f e r b e c a u s e o u r a p p r o a c h i s

a n e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t a p p r o a c h .

I d o n ' t t h i n k m y s e l f , a n d I s a y i t w i t h e m p h a s i s , t h a t

t h e m e r e r e p e t i t i o n o f p r o t e s t s i s o f a n y r e a l v a l u e . I t i s

o f v a l u e p e r h a p s a s s a t i s f y i n g t h e e m o t i o n a l u r g e t h a t i s

w i t h i n o u r s e l v e s , b u t i f y o u c r y " W o l f ! " t o o o f t e n p e o p l e

b e g i n t o d i s r e g a r d i t . A n d w e h a v e f o u n d , i n E n g l a n d a t



Add ress by Nevill e Laski, K . C . 107

a n y r a t e , w h i c h i s r a t h e r n e a r e r t o G e r m a n y t h a n A m e r i c a ,

t h a t p r o t e s t s b y J e w s , w h i l s t t h e y m a y s a t i s f y - a n d I a m

s u r e t h e y d o s a t i s f y , b e c a u s e o n e h a s s e e n t h e s a t i s f a c t i o n

r a d i a t i n g i n t h e f a c e s o f o r a t o r s a n d a u d i e n c e s - w h i l e t h e y

d o s a t i s f y t h e e m o t i o n o f t h e J e w s w h o g e t u p t h e m e e t i n g ,

s e r v e n o u s e f u l p u r p o s e , a n d w e f e l t t h a t a m e e t i n g t h a t

w a s h e l d a t Q u e e n s H a l l u n d e r t h e c h a i r m a n s h i p o f L o r d

B u c k m a s t e r , a d d r e s s e d b y t h e A r c h b i s h o p , t h e h e a d o f t h e

f r e e c h u r c h e s , a n d t h e h e a d o f t h e C a t h o l i c l a i t y o f E n g -

l a n d , w a s a f a r m o r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e

c a u s e o f t h e G e r m a n J e w s .

O f c o u r s e , t h e v i e w t h a t I p u t f o r w a r d I k n o w i s n o t

e v e r y b o d y ' s v i e w , b u t w e d o e n d e a v o r t o p u t f o r w a r d t h e s e

v i e w s i m p e r s o n a l l y , w i t h o u t h e a t . I w o u l d l i k e t o f e e l

t h a t t h e r e c o u l d b e u n i f i c a t i o n o f J e w i s h a f f a i r s e v e r y -

where . W e i n E n g l a n d a r e a u n i f i e d c o m m u n i t y . We ar e

a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l b o d y w h i c h o f c o u r s e h a s t h e a d v a n t a g e o f

a l o n g h i s t o r y d a t i n g b a c k t o 1 7 6 0 , a n d I w o u l d l i k e t o g i v e

y o u a n i n s t a n c e , i f I m a y , o f t h e m i s c h i e f o f t h e s e i n t e r -

n a t i o n a l a s s e m b l i e s . We in Euro pe have been much op -

p r e s s e d b y w h a t a r e k n o w n a s t h e " P r o t o c o l s o f t h e E l d e r s

o f Z i o n . " T h e G e r m a n G o v e r n m e n t , w h i c h h a s u n l i m i t a b l e

m e a n s f o r e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t t h e h o n o r a b l e d i s c h a r g e o f

h e r d e b t s , h a s s p e n t m i l l i o n s o f m a r k s i n s e n d i n g t h o s e

p r o t o c o l s i n t o a l m o s t e v e r y c o u n t r y of E u r o p e , i n c l u d i n g

t h e t w o l i b e r a l - m i n d e d S c a n d i n a v i a n c o u n t r i e s , a n d o n a n

i g n o r a n t a n d c r e d u l o u s p o p u l a t i o n t h e y h a v e h a d a v e r y

c o n s i d e r a b l e e f f e c t , a n d s o l o n g a s t h e N a z i r e g i m e a n d i t s

p r e s e n t i n t e n s i t y o f J e w - h a t r e d a n d J e w - b a i t i n g c o n t i n u e s ,

s o l o n g w i t h g r e a t e r i n t e n s i t y w i l l t h e N a z i r e g i m e p r o p a -

g a t e t h a t p e r n i c i o u s d o c t r i n e t h a t t h e r e i s a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l

p o l i t i c a l J e w r y .



1 0 8 The Americ an Jewi sh Committ ee

C a n y o u a t t h i s t i m e , w h a t e v e r m a y b e t h e p r o p r i e t y o f

a n o t h e r t i m e - c a n y o u c o n c e i v e o f a n y t h i n g m o r e i n t h e

n a t u r e o f p l a y i n g i n t o t h e h a n d s o f y o u r e n e m y t h a n d e -

l i b e r a t e l y t o e r e c t t h e v e r y i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c a l a s s e m b l i e s

w h i c h y o u a r e a t p a i n s t o d e n y e x i s t ? I t s e e m s t o m e t h a t

i f y o u w a n t t o e s t a b l i s h , i n s t e a d o f d i s - e s t a b l i s h , t h e v a l i d -

i t y o f t h e p r o t o c o l s a s b e i n g a n e x e m p l a r o f t h e t y p e o f

o r g a n i z a t i o n s e c r e t i v e i n t h e J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y , w i t h t h e

o b j e c t s t h a t a r e i n d i c a t e d a s b e i n g t h e o b j e c t s o f t h e

l e a r n e d E l d e r s o f Z i o n , t h a t y o u c o u l d n ' t c h o o s e a m o r e

s p e e d y o r m o r e e f f e c t i v e m e t h o d o f s a v i n g t h e G e r m a n

G o v e r n m e n t m o n e y a n d g i v i n g t h e p o p u l a t i o n o f E u r o p e

t h e p r o o f o f t h a t w h i c h t h e G e r m a n G o v e r n m e n t a l l e g e s .

T o m e i t i s a v e r y r e a l t h i n g . I b e l i e v e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l

c o n f e r e n c e , b u t I b e l i e v e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e w i t h i n

l i m i t s , a n d I b e l i e v e i n i t p r o p o r t i o n e d t o t h e u s e t h a t c a n

b e m a d e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e .

I t i s k n o w n t h a t f r o m t i m e t o t i m e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e

J e w r y , h a v i n g a c o m m o n p r o b l e m a n d f e e l i n g t h a t m e e t i n g

f a c e t o f a c e w i l l b e f a r m o r e a d v a n t a g e o u s t h a n t h e e x -

c h a n g e o f l e t t e r s , d o m e e t . I h a v e a t t e n d e d m a n y . I am

sure Dr . A d l e r i n h i s l o n g a n d d i s t i n g u i s h e d c a r e e r h a s

a t t e n d e d m a n y a l s o . H o w e v e r , t o h a v e t h i s f o r m o f c o n -

t i n u o u s s e s s i o n s e e m s t o m e t o b e a w a s t e o f t i m e , a w a s t e

o f m o n e y , a n d a w a s t e o f s u c h s a f e t y a s r e m a i n s t o t h e

J e w i s h p e o p l e . I t i s a l l v e r y w e l l h a v i n g c o n f e r e n c e s i n

r e l a t i o n t o s p e c i f i c p r o b l e m s s u c h a s P a l e s t i n e a n d r e l i e f ,

b u t i t i s a m u c h d i f f e r e n t t h i n g t o h a v e u n l i m i t e d a n d

f o r m a l c o n f e r e n c e s r e l a t i n g t o p o l i t i c a l a f f a i r s . One know s

a b o u t t h e P o w e r s a t c o n f e r e n c e s r e l a t i n g t o p o l i t i c a l a f -

f a i r s , t h a t w h a t e v e r t h e y m a y d o i n t h e o p e n n o o n e b e l i e v e s

t h a t t h e o p e n s t a t e m e n t i s a n y t h i n g l i k e t h e m e a s u r e o f t h e



A d d r e s s b y N e v i l l e L a s k i , K . C . 1 0 9

f a c t s w h i c h l i e b e n e a t h t h e s u r f a c e . And the same thing

w i l l b e s a i d o f u s .

I f e e l v e r y s t r o n g l y o n t h i s s u b j e c t , a s a E u r o p e a n J e w ,

a n d s o d o m a n y o t h e r s o f m y f r i e n d s . I h o p e y o u f e e l j u s t

a s s t r o n g l y a n d c o m e t o a r e a l i z a t i o n o f t h e s e d a n g e r s . I

know that there are many Jews in Eastern Euro pe-and

b e l i e v e m e t h a t n o o n e w h o h a s s e e n t h e m a s t h e y l i v e c a n

h e l p b u t h a v e s y m p a t h y f o r t h e m i n t h e c o n d i t i o n s i n

which they live-who yearn to have some of t hat free

e x p r e s s i o n w h i c h t h e y a r e u n a b l e t o g e t i n t h e i r o w n c o u n -

t r y . W e c a n s y m p a t h i z e w i t h t h a t w i s h , b u t w e c a n n o t

s u b m i t t o i t i n a f f a i r s r e l a t i n g t o w o r l d J e w r y a n d t o t h e

o b l i g a t i o n s o f c i t i z e n s h i p i n o u r r e s p e c t i v e c o u n t r i e s .

T h i s w o r l d c o n g r e s s i d e a m u s t b e r e s i s t e d . We must

p l a y n o p a r t i n i t , a n d I f e e l t h a t w e m u s t , a s p l a i n l y a s

p o s s i b l e , g i v e t h e r e a s o n s w h i c h i n d u c e u s t o r e f u s e t o t a k e

p a r t . We have in Engl and- where the qu esti on has not

a i s e n i n q u i t e s o p r e s s i n g a f o r m - g i v e n a p u b l i c , r e a s o n e d

s t a t e m e n t o f o u r a t t i t u d e .

I e n d b y s a y i n g t h a t i t w o u l d b e i m p e r t i n e n t o f m e t o

i n t e r f e r e w i t h r e g a r d t o a m a t t e r o f p u r e l y A m e r i c a n ,

d o m e s t i c J e w i s h p o l i t i c s . I h a v e n o t d o n e t h a t b e c a u s e

t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s a n d

t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a r e m a t t e r s u p o n w h i c h ,

i f I m a y u s e a n A m e r i c a n i s m w h i c h I h a v e a c q u i r e d s i n c e

I h a v e b e e n h e r e , I d o n o t p r o p o s e t o p a s s . I am not

g o i n g t o h a n d d o w n a n y j u d g m e n t o n t h a t ; t h a t i s y o u r

b u s i n e s s , n o t m i n e . B u t t ! - e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e A m e r i -

c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a n d t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s

o n t h e m a t t e r o f t h e W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s i s m y b u s i n e s s

a n d E u r o p e ' s b u s i n e s s a s m u c h a s y o u r s . On this I am

e n t i t l e d t o s p e a k a n d I h a v e s p o k e n .



1 1 0 The Ameri can Jewish Commit tee

There is only one more thing I w ant t o say .

I have had some co nsiderabl e time in contact wi th Mr .

Waldman and t he others assoc iated wi th him, and I have

been much impressed, if I may be permitt ed to say so, as

one who is head in another co untry of a large of fic e, wit h

the effi ciency with which it is conduct ed . A n d I m a y b e

a schnorr er on behalf of the Ameri can Jewish Committ ee,

b u t i f y o u w ant y o u r o r g a ni z a t i o n t o f u n c t i o n y o u m u st

provid e the fuel and o il w herewith it functio ns . Workcannot be do ne in this sphere wi thou t money and I d o

humbly agr ee wi th what Dr . Ad ler said t hat so of ten we

are dealing w ith intangibl es . W h a t I h a ve s ee n o f t h e

wor k of the American Jewish Committee fil ls me with ad-

miratio n and in certain aspects wi th envy, and I do hope

it w ill have the unstinted suppo rt not o nly of t his large

audience, but of t he larger community out side .



Ac t o f Inc o r p o ra t i on

B y - L a w s



ACT OF INCORPORATION

AN A c r t o i n c o r p o r a t e t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e .

B e c a m e a l a w M a r c h 1 6 , 1 9 1 1 , w i t h t h e a p p r o v a l of t h e

Governor . P a s s e d , t h r e e - f i f t h s b e i n g p r e s e n t . Sec . 3

a m e n d e d i n 1 9 3 0 .

T he P e o p l e o f t h e S t a t e o f N e w Y o r k , r e p r e s en t e d in

Senate and Assembl y, do enact as foll ow s :

Sec . 1 . M a y e r S u l z b e r g e r , J u l i a n W . Mack, Jacob H .

H o l l a n d e r , J u l i u s R o s e n w a l d , C y r u s A d l e r , H a r r y C u t l e r ,

Samuel Dor f, Judah L . M a g n e s , J a c o b H . S c h i f f , I s a d o r

S o b e l , C y r u s L . S u l z b e r g e r , A . L e o W e i l a n d L o u i s M a r -

s h a l l , a n d t h e i r a s s o c i a t e s a n d s u c c e s s o r s , a r e h e r e b y c o n -

s t i t u t e d a b o d y c o r p o r a t e , i n p e r p e t u i t y , u n d e r t h e n a m e

of The Ameri can Jewish Commit tee ; a n d b y t h a t n a m e

s h a l l p o s s e s s a l l o f t h e p o w e r s w h i c h b y t h e g e n e r a l c o r -

p o r a t i o n l a w a r e c o n f e r r e d u p o n c o r p o r a t i o n s , a n d s h a l l

b e c a p a b l e o f t a k i n g , h o l d i n g a n d a c q u i r i n g , b y d e e d , g i f t ,

p u r c h a s e , b e q u e s t , d e v i s e , o r b y j u d i c i a l o r d e r o r d e c r e e ,

a n y e s t a t e , r e a l o r p e r s o n a l , i n t r u s t o r o t h e r w i s e , w h i c h

s h a l l b e n e c e s s a r y o r u s e f u l f o r t h e u s e s a n d p u r p o s e s o f

t h e c o r p o r a t i o n , t o t h e a m o u n t o f t h r e e m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s .

S e c . 2 . T h e o b j e c t s o f t h i s c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l b e , t o p r e -

v e n t t h e i n f r a c t i o n o f t h e c i v i l a n d r e l i g i o u s r i g h t s o f J e w s ,

i n a n y p a r t o f t h e w o r l d ; t o r e n d e r a l l l a w f u l a s s i s t a n c e

a n d t o t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e r e m e d i a l a c t i o n i n t h e e v e n t o f

t h r e a t e n e d o r a c t u a l i n v a s i o n o r r e s t r i c t i o n o f s u c h r i g h t s ,

o r o f u n f a v o r a b l e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t h e r e t o; t o

s e c u r e f o r J e w s e q u a l i t y o f e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l a n d e d u c a -

t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t y ; t o a l l e v i a t e t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f p e r -

s e c u t i o n a n d t o a f f o r d r e l i e f f r o m c a l a m i t i e s a f f e c t i n g

Jews, wherever they may o cc ur ; a n d t o c o m p a s s t h e s e

1 1 3




ends to administer any r elief f und w hich shall c ome into

its po ssession or whic h may be received by it, in tru st or

otherwise, fo r any of the aforesaid objects or f or p urpo ses

co mprehended therein .

S ec . 3 . T h e b u s i n e s s a n d a f f a i r s o f s a i d c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l

be conduct ed by a board of not less than fifteen or more

than thirty ,* t o b e known as the Execut ive Committ ee. The

members of t he Execu ti ve Committ ee shall b e di vid ed

i n t o t h r e e c l a s s e s , t h e f i r s t o f w h i c h s h a l l h o l d o f f i c e u n t i l

January fir st nineteen hundred and thirt y- one, the second

for one year thereafter, and the third fo r tw o years there-

after, and suc h members of the Executi ve Committ ee as

may b e hereaft er added t o said Committ ee shall i n like

manner be appo rti oned to said three classes . At the ex-

p i r a t i on of the term of any membe r o f t he Exe cu t i ve

Committ ee his succ essor shall be elected fo r t he term of

three years . Al l vacanci es which may o ccu r i n said Ex-

ecuti ve Committee shall b e fil led u ntil the ensui ng year

by said Committee . An annual electi on fo r t he members

of said Execu ti ve Committ ee shall be held at such time

and in suc h manner as shall be fi xed by t he by -l aws now

in for ce or hereafter adop ted by said Execut ive Commit-

t e e . A q u o r u m o f s a i d E x e c u t i v e Co m mi t t e e s ha l l b e

fixed by the By-L aws, bu t no By-L aw shall b e ado pted,

amended or repealed wi thou t the presence of a majori ty

of the members of said Commit tee for the time being ;

p r o v i de d , h ow eve r, tha t the B y - L a ws wi t h res pe c t t o

membership in the cor por ation shall not be altered, revised

or amended except as pro vided in section fo ur of this act .

S ec . 4 . The members of said co rp or atio n shall c onsist

of the persons who shall b e desig nated and chosen for

*A bil l amending t he Charter to i ncrease this number to fif ty i s now pending .



By-Laws 1 1 5

membership by such method or method s and by such or-

g a n i z a t i o n s , s o c i e t i e s a n d n o m i n a t i n g b o d i e s a s s h a l l b e

pro vided in By-Laws to be adop ted for t hat pur pose by

the Execut ive Committee, such By- Laws being, however,

s u b j e c t t o a l t e r a t i o n , r e v i s i o n o r a m e n d m e n t a t a n y r e g u -

lar meeting of the members of t he cor por ation or at a

meeting called for such purpo se ; p r o v i d e d t h a t t h i r t y

d a y s ' n o t i c e b e g i v e n o f t h e p r o p o s e d c h a n g e a n d t h a t s u c h

a l t e r a t i o n , r e v i s i o n o r a m e n d m e n t s h a l l b e c a r r i e d b y a

m a j o r i t y o f a t l e a s t t w e n t y v o t e s ; a n d n o t o t h e r w i s e .

S e c . 5 . T h i s a c t s h a l l t a k e e f f e c t i m m e d i a t e l y .

BY-LAWS

I . MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE

The Cor po rate members of t he Commit tee, who f or

pu rp oses of c onvenience shall be known as the General

C o m m i t t e e , s h a l l b e o f t h r e e c l a s s e s

Class A. Community Representatives .

C l a s s B . D e l e g a t e s f r o m N a t i o n a l J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s .

C l a s s C . M e m b e r s - a t - l a r g e .

II . MEMBERS OF CLASS A

1 . Communit y R epresentatives shall be chosen for

t h r e e y e a r s a n d s h a l l b e a p p o r t i o n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h

t h e J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s c i t i e s a n d s t a t e s o f

t h e c o u n t r y , a s e s t i m a t e d , f r o m t i m e t o t i m e , b y t h e S t a -

tistic al Department of the Committ ee, on the foll owi ng

b a s i s , t o w i t : F o r e a c h c i t y w i t h a J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f

f r o m 1 , 0 0 0 t o 2 0 , 0 0 0 s o u l s , o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ; f o r e a c h



1 1 6 The Amer i c an Jew i sh Commi t tee

c i t y w i t h a J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f 2 0 , 0 0 0 s o u l s o r o v e r , u p

t o 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 , t w o r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s; f o r c i t i e s w i t h a J e w i s h

p o p u l a t i o n o v e r 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 , o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r e a c h

2 5 , 0 0 0 u p t o 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , a n d o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r e a c h

1 0 0 , 0 0 0 t h e r e a f t e r ; f o r e a c h s t a t e h a v i n g n o c i t i e s w i t h a

J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f 1 , 0 0 0 o r o v e r , o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e .

2 . C o m m u n i t y R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s s h a l l b e e l e c t e d b y t h e

S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s r e s i d i n g i n e a c h c i t y e n t i t l e d t o a

r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , o r i n s u c h s t a t e s a s h a v e n o c i t i e s e n t i t l e d

t o r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , i n t h e m a n n e r d e s c r i b e d i n S e c t i o n 3

o f t h i s a r t i c l e , e x c e p t t h a t i n t h o s e c i t i e s i n w h i c h t h e

C o m m i t t e e d e r i v e s i t s s u p p o r t f r o m l o c a l f e d e r a t i o n s , t h e

b o a r d s o f d i r e c t o r s o f s u c h f e d e r a t i o n s s h a l l e l e c t t h e c o m -

m u n i t y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ; p r o v i d e d , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e e x -

i s t i n g m e m b e r s h i p o f t h e C o m m i t t e e b e n o t a f f e c t e d u n t i l

t h e t e r m s f o r w h i c h t h e y h a v e b e e n e l e c t e d s h a l l h a v e

e x p i r e d , a n d p r o v i d e d , f u r t h e r , t h a t w h e r e v e r t h p l a n o f

a p p o r t i o n m e n t d e s c r i b e d i n S e c t i o n 1 c a l l s f o r t h e e l e c t i o n

o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e w h o a r e m e m b e r s

o f t h e C o m m i t t e e a t t h e t i m e t h i s B y - L a w i s a d o p t e d ,

s u c h a d d i t i o n a l m e m b e r s s h a l l b e e l e c t e d f o r o n e y e a r b y

t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , b u t t h e r e a f t e r t h e y s h a l l b e

e l e c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r o c e d u r e d e s c r i b e d i n

S e c t i o n 3 o f t h i s a r t i c l e .

3 . C o m m u n i t y R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o f i l l v a c a n c i e s o r t o

succeed Members whose terms expire upon the date of

t h e e n s u i n g A n n u a l M e e t i n g s h a l l b e e l e c t e d i n t h e f o l l o w -

ing manner : T h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l a p p o i n t a

Nominating Commit tee of fo ur teen corp orate members .

N o t l a t e r t h a n t h e f i r s t o f O c t o b e r o f e a c h y e a r , t h e N o m -

i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e s h a l l , b y m a i l , n o t i f y S u s t a i n i n g M e m -

b e r s t h a t n o m i n a t i o n s a r e i n o r d e r , s u b m i t t i n g l i s t s o f t h e



By-Laws 1 1 7

e x i s t i n g o r p r o s p e c t i v e v a c a n c i e s , t o g e t h e r w i t h a l i s t o f

p e r s o n s w h o m i t n o m i n a t e s t o f i l l s u c h v a c a n c i e s . The

S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s s h a l l b e i n v i t e d t o m a k e n o m i n a t i o n s

i n t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e C o m m u n i t i e s , o t h e r t h a n t h o s e p r o -

po sed by the Nominati ng Commit tee, each such inde-

p e n d e n t n o m i n e e t o b e s e c o n d e d b y a t l e a s t t w o S u s t a i n i n g

M e m b e r s r e s i d e n t i n t h e c o m m u n i t y . A f t e r t h e w i l l i n g -

n e s s o f t h e n o m i n e e s t o s e r v e h a s b e e n a s c e r t a i n e d , t h e

i n d e p e n d e n t n o m i n e e s h a v i n g b e e n i n f o r m e d o f t h e n a m e s

o f t h e c a n d i d a t e s o f t h e N o m i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e , a b a l l o t

f o r e a c h c i t y o r s t a t e b e a r i n g t h e n a m e s o f a l l n o m i n e e s

w h o h a v e a c c e p t e d t h e n o m i n a t i o n s h a l l b e s e n t b y m a i l , n o t

l a t e r t h a n D e c e m b e r 1 , t o e a c h S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r , w h o

s h a l l b e i n v i t e d t o i n d i c a t e h i s p r e f e r e n c e a n d t o r e t u r n

t h e b a l l o t t o t h e o f f i c e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e . T h e b a l l o t s h a l l

i n d i c a t e w h i c h n o m i n e e s h a v e b e e n s e l e c t e d b y t h e N o m -

i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e a n d w h i c h b y i n d e p e n d e n t n o m i n a t i o n

a n d s h a l l b e r e t u r n e d b y t h e v o t e r i n a s e a l e d e n v e l o p e

marked : " BA L LOT cast b yfi t yt a t e . "

T h e p o l l s s h a l l b e c l o s e d a t 1 0 A . M . o n t h e d a y o f t h e

A n n u a l M e e t i n g , w h e n t h e e n v e l o p e s s h a l l b e o p e n e d a n d

t h e b a l l o t s c a n v a s s e d p u b l i c l y b y t e l l e r s a p p o i n t e d b y t h e

p r e s i d i n g o f f i c e r . T h e p e r s o n r e c e i v i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f t h e

v o t e s c a s t f o r a c o m m u n i t y r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s h a l l b e d e -

c l a r e d e l e c t e d . I n c a s e o f a t i e b e t w e e n t w o o r m o r e c a n -

d i d a t e s , t h e A n n u a l M e e t i n g s h a l l e l e c t o n e f r o m a m o n g

t h e p e r s o n s s o t i e d .

III . MEMBERS OF CLASS B

1 . M e m b e r s o f C l a s s B s h a l l b e c h o s e n b y t h e N a t i o n a l

J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r o n e y e a r o r u n t i l t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s




a r e c h o s e n i n s u c h m a n n e r a s t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s s h a l l d e t e r -

m i n e a n d t o s u c h n u m b e r a s i s s e t f o r t h b e l o w , i t b e i n g

r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t a l l s e l e c t i o n s f o r m e m b e r s h i p i n t h e

A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e m a d e b y t h e n a t i o n a l o r g a n i -

z a t i o n s b e r a t i f i e d a t t h e n e x t f o l l o w i n g g e n e r a l m e e t i n g

o f s u c h o r g a n i z a t i o n s .

2 . E a c h J e w i s h n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l h a v e o n e

r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r m e m b e r s u p t o 1 0 , 0 0 0 , a s e c o n d r e p r e -

s e n t a t i v e f o r t h e n e x t 2 0 , 0 0 0 , a t h i r d f o r t h e n e x t 2 5 , 0 0 0 ,

a n d s o o n , a t t h e s a m e r a t i o .

IV MEMBERS OF CLASS C

M e m b e r s o f C l a s s C s h a l l b e e l e c t e d f o r o n e y e a r a t t h e

A n n u a l M e e t i n g o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e u p o n

n o m i n a t i o n o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e t h e r e o f . T h i s

C l a s s s h a l l a t n o t i m e e x c e e d t h i r t y i n n u m b e r .

V SUSTAINING MEMBERS

A l l p e r s o n s w h o m a k e a n a n n u a l c o n t r i b u t i o n f o r t h e

s u p p o r t o f t h e C o m m i t t e e a m o u n t i n g t o f i v e d o l l a r s o r

over shall be designated as Sustaining Members, and

s h a l l , a s l o n g a s t h e y a r e i n g o o d s t a n d i n g , b e e n t i t l e d t o

r e c e i v e r e g u l a r r e p o r t s o f t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ,

a n d t o n o m i n a t e a n d v o t e f o r D i s t r i c t M e m b e r s a s p r o -

v i d e d i n A r t i c l e I I I , S e c t i o n 3 .

VI . O F F I C E R S

T h e O f f i c e r s o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e a P r e s -

i d e n t , t w o V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s a n d a T r e a s u r e r , e l e c t e d f r o m

among and by the Corpo rate members, and a Secretary

w h o n e e d n o t b e a m e m b e r o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e , a n d

w h o s h a l l b e e l e c t e d b y t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , u n l e s s



By-Laws 1 1 9

o t h e r w i s e o r d e r e d . T h e o f f i c e r s s h a l l s e r v e f o r o n e y e a r o r

u n t i l t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s a r e e l e c t e d .

VII . EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

1 . T h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l e l e c t n o t m o r e t h a n

f o r t y - s i x m e m b e r s , w h o t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e f o u r o f f i c e r s , t o

w i t , t h e P r e s i d e n t , V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s a n d T r e a s u r e r , s h a l l

c o n s t i t u t e t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , o n e - t h i r d o f t h e m e m -

b e r s h i p o f w h i c h s h a l l c o n s t i t u t e a q u o r u m f o r t h e t r a n s a c -

t i o n o f b u s i n e s s .

2 . T h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l , w h e n e v e r i t s h a l l

d e e m i t a d v i s a b l e , r e p o r t i t s p r o c e e d i n g s , o r s u c h p a r t

t h e r e o f a s i t s h a l l d e t e r m i n e t o t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e G e n -

e r a l C o m m i t t e e b y m a i l a n d s h a l l r e n d e r a c o m p l e t e r e p o r t

o f a l l m a t t e r s c o n s i d e r e d a n d a c t e d u p o n , a t t h e A n n u a l

Meeting of the Commit tee . S p e c i a l c o m m i t t e e s m a y b e

d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e f r o m t h e b o d y o f

t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e , w h i c h s p e c i a l c o m m i t t e e s s h a l l

r e p o r t t o t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e f r o m t i m e t o t i m e .

VIII. MEETINGS

1 . A s t a t e d m e e t i n g o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e

h e l d a n n u a l l y i n J a n u a r y a t t h e C i t y o f N e w Y o r k , u n -

l e s s t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e i n t h e i r d i s c r e t i o n d e t e r m i n e

o t h e r w i s e . S p e c i a l m e e t i n g s s h a l l b e c a l l e d u p o n t h e w r i t -

t e n r e q u e s t o f t w e n t y - f i v e m e m b e r s o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m -

m i t t e e o r m a y b e c a l l e d b y t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e o f i t s

own moti on . Twenty -o ne members shall consti tu te a

q u o r u m o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e .

2 . R e g u l a r m e e t i n g s o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l

b e h e l d a t l e a s t t h r e e t i m e s a y e a r . S p e c i a l m e e t i n g s o f




t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e m a y b e h e l d a t t h e i n s t a n c e o f

t h e c h a i r m a n o r a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h r e e m e m b e r s o f t h a t

Commit tee . .

3 . N o t i c e o f s p e c i a l m e e t i n g s o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e

o r o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e g i v e n b y m a i l o r

t e l e g r a p h t o t h e m e m b e r s , s t a t i n g a s n e a r l y a s p o s s i b l e ,

w i t h i n t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , t h e p u r -

p o s e f o r w h i c h t h e m e e t i n g i s c a l l e d .

IX. OFFICES

T h e p r i n c i p a l o f f i c e o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e

e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e C i t y o f N e w Y o r k , a n d o t h e r o f f i c e s a n d

a g e n c i e s m a y b e e s t a b l i s h e d o u t s i d e o f N e w Y o r k a s t h e

G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e o r t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e m a y f r o m

t i m e t o t i m e d e e m n e c e s s a r y .

X AMENDMENTST h e s e B y - L a w s , e x c e p t a s l i m i t e d b y t h e C h a r t e r , s h a l l

b e s u b j e c t t o a l t e r a t i o n , r e v i s i o n o r a m e n d m e n t a t a n y

r e g u l a r m e e t i n g o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e o r a t a m e e t i n g

t h e r e o f c a l l e d f o r s u c h p u r p o s e , p r o v i d e d t h a t t h i r t y d a y s '

n o t i c e b e g i v e n o f t h e p r o p o s e d c h a n g e , a n d t h a t t h e m o -

t i o n f o r a m e n d m e n t b e c a r r i e d b y a m a j o r i t y o f a t l e a s t

t w e n t y v o t e s .



L i s t s

Cor po rate Members by St ates, E tc .

Cor po rate Members Alphabeti call y

A r r ange d



LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES

Class A .- Communit y Representatives

STATES ANDCITIES

(A ccor ding to Pl an Adop ted on December 6, 1931 )

NO. O F

R E P ' S REPRESENTATIVES

123

TERMS

ALABAMABIRMINGHAM Milton H . F i e s 1 9 3 6

MONTGOMERY L u c i e n L o e b 1 9 3 7

ARIZONAPHOENIX 1

ARKANSASLITTLE ROCK C h a r l e s J a c o b s o n 1 9 3 6

CALIFORNIALONG BEACH 1 Harvey B . F r a n k l i n 1 9 3 8

Los ANGELES 2 M. J . F i n k e n s t e i n 1 9 3 8

Harry A . H o l l z e r 1 9 3 6

Lester W . R o t h 1 9 3 8

OAKLAND 1 B . L . M o s b a c h e r 1 9 3 8

PASADENA 1

SACRAMENTO 1

SAN DIEGO 1 J a c o b W e i n b e r g e r 1 9 3 8

SAN FRANCISCO 2 J e s s e H . S t e i n h a r t 1 9 3 6

Max C . S l o s s 1 9 3 8

STOCKTON 1

COLORADODENVER 1 Charles Rosenbaum 1 9 3 8

PUEBLO 1

CONNECTICUTANSONIA 1

BRIDGEPORT 1 Theodor e E . S t e i b e r 1 9 3 7

DANBURY 1 N a t h a n S p i r o 1 9 3 6

HARTFORD 2 Benjamin L . H a a s 1 9 3 6

I s i d o r e W i s e 1 9 3 7

MERIDEN 1

NEW BRITAIN 1 Morris D . S a x e 1 9 3 8

NEW HAVEN 2 S . F r e d e r i c k W e t z l e r 1 9 3 8

NEW LONDON 1 E z e k i e l S p i t z 1 9 3 8

NORWALK 1




*Includ e Rock Island, and Moline, Ill ., and Davenport , Iow a .

STATES AND NO. OF

CITIES REPS

CONNECTICUT-Continued

REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

NORWICH 1

STAMFORD 1 Ab raham Wof sey 1938

WATERBURY I P h i l i p N . B e r n s t e i n 1937

DELAWAREWILMINGTON 1 Aaron Finger 1936

DISTRICT OFCOLUMBIAWAS H I N G TON I S i m o n L y o n 1937

FLORIDAJACKSONVILLE I Morton R . H i r s c h b e r g 1 9 3 8

MIAMI 1 D . J . A p t e 1938

PENSACOLA 1 J . M . E d r e h i 1 9 3 7

TAMPA I Ernest Maas 1938

GEORGIAATLANTA 1 Leonard Haas 1937

SAVANNAH 1 E d m u n d H . Abr ahams 1 9 3 6

IDAHOBOISE 1 Leo J. F a l k 1 9 3 7

ILLINOISCHICAGO 13 Max Ad ler 1936

James H . B e c k e r 1 9 3 6

Joseph L . B l o c k 1 9 3 6

Abel Davis 1936

James Davis 1 9 3 6

Max Epstein 1936

Milton S . F l o r s h e i m 1 9 3 8

Alfred K . F oreman 1 9 3 8

A. R i c h a r d F r a n k 1938

Bernard Horwi ch 1 9 3 7

S o l K l i n e 1936

Albert D . L a s k e r 1937

Jac o b M . L o e b 1936

Frank L . S u l z b e r g e r 1938

EAST ST. LOU I S 1

OAK PARK 1

PEORIA 1 WB . Woolner 1938

ROCK ISLAND( T r i - C i t i e s * ) 1 A b raham W . G e l l m a n 1936

WAUKEGAN 1



District Members 1 2 5

STATES AND NO. O F

CITIES REP ' S

INDIANA


EVANSVILLE 1 Max De Jong 1 9 3 6

FORT WAYNE 1 Maurice Rosenthal 1 9 3 6

GARY 1 Louis H . G l u e c k 1 9 3 8

HAMMOND 1

INDIANAPOLIS 1 Charles Sterne Rauh 1937

S o l S . K i s e r 1936

SOUTH BEND 1

TERRE HAUTE 1 L o u is B r o wn 1938

IOWADES MOINES 1 Eu gene Mannheimer 1937

MASON CITY 1 Sam Raizes 1938

SIOUX CITY 1 A d o l ph M . D a v i s 1937

DAVENPORT( s e e R o c k I s l a n d , I l l . )

KANSASKANSAS CITY 1 Joseph Cohen 1938

KENTUCKYLOUISVILLE 1 Fred Levy 1936

LOUISIANANEW ORLEANS 1 Ralph J. Schwarz 1936

SHREVEPORT 1 A. B . F r e y e r 1936

MAINEBANGOR 1 M i c h a e l P i l o t 1 9 3 8

PORTLAND 1

MARYLANDBALTIMORE 2 Jacob H . H o l l a n d e r 1 9 3 7

Sid ney Lansburgh 1938

MASSACHUSETTSBEVERLY 1

BOSTON 2 A. C . R a t s h e s k y 1937

James So lo mont 1938

Felix Vo renberg 1936

BROCKTON 1

BROOKLINE 1 Harry Levi 1937

CAMBRIDGE 1

CHELSEA 2 Maurice Tobey 1 9 3 8




STATES AND NO. O F

CITIES REP' S

MASSACHUSETTS-Continued


FALL RIVER 1 Nat han Yamins 1936

HAVERHILL 1 Lou is Hartman 1936

HOLYOKE 1 Benjamin Evarts 1936

LAWRENCE 1 Alexander L . S i s k i n d 1936

LOWELL 1 M a u r i c e B a r l o f s k y 1936

LYNN 1 Henry Yo zell 1 9 3 7

MALDEN 1 I . I . K o t z e n 1936

NEW BEDFORD 1 P . H . V i s k i n d 1 9 3 7

PEABODY 1 Elihu A . H e r s h e n s o n 1936

P I T TS F I E L D 1 Ge o r g e Newman 1937

QUINCY 1 Joseph B . Grossman 1936

REVERE 1

SALEM 1 Max G o l d ber g 1938

SOMERVILLE 1 Hyman J . R o u t t e n b e r g 1936

SPRINGFIELD 1 Henry Lasker 1 9 3 7

WINTHROP 1

WORCESTER 1 Joseph Talamo 1 9 3 8

MICHIGANDETROIT 2 H e nr y M . B u t z e l 1 9 3 6

J u l i a n H . K r o l i k 1 9 3 8

I s a d o r e L e v i n 1 9 3 6

FLINT 1

GRAND RAPIDS 1 P h i l i p F . Waterman 1 9 3 8

HIGHLAND PARK 1

MINNESOTADULUTH 1 E d w a r d A . S i l b e r s t e i n 1 9 3 8

MINNEAPOLIS 2 Arthur Brin 1 9 3 8

Joseph H . S c h a n f e l d 1 9 3 7

ST. PAUL 1 Isaac Summerfi eld 1 9 3 7

MISSISSIPPIVICKSBURG 1 Ben H . S t e i n 1 9 3 7

MISSOURIKANSAS CITY 2 Sig . H a r z f e l d 1937

Geor ge Oppenheimer 1 9 3 6

ST. JOS E PH 1 Harry Bloc k 1937

ST. Louis 2 Charles M . R i c e 1938

Aaro n Wald heim 1 9 3 8

MONTANABUTTE 1 Joseph Weinber g 1 9 3 6




STATES AND

CITIES

NO. O F

REP' S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

NEBRASKALINCOLN 1 Nat han J . G o l d 1937

OMAHA 1 Har r y A . W o l f 1937

NEVADARENO 1 Samuel Platt 1 9 3 7

NEW HAMPSHIREMANCHESTER 1 E d w a r d M . C h a s e 1936

NEW JERSEYASBURY PARK 1

ATLANTIC CITY 1Joseph B . P e r s k i e 1 9 3 8

BAYONNE 1

BLOOMFIELD 1

CAMDEN 1 Benjamin Natal 1937

EAST ORANGE 1 A. J . Dimond 1 9 3 8

ELIZABETH 1

HOBOKEN 1

IRVINGTON 1

JERSEY CITY 1Har r y G o l d o wsk y 1 9 3 6

LINDEN 1

LONG BRANCH 1

NEW BRUNSWICK 1Abr aham Jelin 1 9 3 8

NEWARK 2 Meyer C . E l l e n s t e i n 1 9 3 8

Samuel Kessler 1 9 3 7

ORANGE 1

PASSAIC 1

PATERSON 2 Philip Dimond 1 9 3 7

PERTH AMBOY 1 I s a a c A l p e r n 1 9 3 7

PLAINFIELD 1 Wil l i am New c o r n 1 9 3 6

SOUTH ORANGE 1

TRENTON 1 Phillip Forman 1936

UNION 1

WEST HOBOKEN 1

WEST NEW YORK 1

WOODBINE 1

NEW MEXICOLAS VEGAS 1 Louis C. I l f e l d 1938

NEW YORKALBANY 1

BINGHAMTON 1 C. R . R o s e n t h a l 1936

BUFFALO 2 Joseph L . F i n k 1938

Eu gene Warner 1936

Herman Wil e 1938

E L M I R A 1 Benjamin F . L e v y 1 9 3 8

FALLSBURGH 1




STATES AND NO. O F

CITIES R E P ' S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

NEW YORK-Continued

GLOVERSVILLE 1

KINGSTON 1

LYNBROOK 1

MONTICELLO 1

MOUNT VERNON 1

NEW ROCHELLE 1 Oscar Heyman 1938

NEWBURGH 1 Ber t ram A . S t r o o c k 1938

NEW YORK CITY 48 Benjamin A lt heimer 1936

S imon Ber g man 1937

E d war d L . B e r n a y s 1938

Herman Bernstein 1938

David M . B r e s s l e r 1938

David A . Brown 1936

Morris R . C o h e n 1938

Abr am I . E l k u s 1937

Wm. F i s c h m a n 1937

N o r m an S . G o e t z 1937

Samuel H . G o l d e n s o n 1937

S . S . G o l d w a t e r 1 9 3 7

Henry S . H e n d r i c k s 1 9 3 7

Davi d M . Heyman 1938

Stanley M . I s a a c s 1936

H e n r y I t t l e s o n 1 9 3 8

J o s e p h J . K l e i n 1936

Arthur K. Kuhn 1 9 3 8

Arthur M . Lamport 1936

Edw ard Lazansky 1937

Herbert H . Lehman 1938

Irvi ng Lehman 1 9 3 7

Edgar A . L e v y 1937

Harry E . L e w i s 1 9 3 6

Adolph L ewisohn 1 9 3 7

Wm. L i e b e r m a n n 1936

Solo mon Low enstein 1 9 3 8

James Marshall 1936

Alexander Marx 1 9 3 8

Lawr ence Marx 1 9 3 8

I s i d o r e D . M o r r i s o n 1 9 3 7

Henry D . Moskowitz 1938

G e o r g e W . Naumburg 1 9 3 6

Carl H . P f o r z h e i m e r 1 9 3 7

Joseph M . P r o s k a u e r 1 9 3 7

Harold Riegelman 1 9 3 6



STATES AND NO . O F

CITIES REP' S

D i s t r i c t Members 129

REPRESENTATIVES TERMSNEW YORK CITY-Continued

James N . R o s e n b e r g 1 9 3 7

Samuel I . Rosenman 1937

Walter N . R o t h s c h i l d 1938

Samuel Salz man 1938

Wolf gang S . Schwabacher 1 9 3 7

Bernard S emel 1936

Fred M . S t e i n 1 9 3 7

I . M . S t e t t e n h e i m 1937

Hugh Grant Str aus 1938

R o g e r W . S t r a u s 1 9 3 8

Lewis L . S t r a u s s 1 9 3 7

S o l o m o n M . S t r o o c k 1938

Felix M . Warbur g 1 9 3 8

Ralph Wolf 1 9 3 8

NIAGARA FALLS 1

PEEKSKILL 1

POUGHKEEPSIE 1

ROCHESTER 2 Mortimer Adler 1 9 3 6

Henr y M . S t e r n 1938

SCHENECTADY 1 Lewis Lurie 1 9 3 6

SYRACUSE 1 Benjamin Stolz 1936

TROY 1 Joseph Good man 1938

UTICA 1 S . Joshua Kohn 1 9 3 8

WHITE PLAINS 1 P . I r v i n g G r i n b e r g 1 9 3 7

YONKERS 1

NORTH CAROLINAGOLDSBORO 1 L i o n e l W e i l 1938

NORTH DAKOTAFARGO 1 D . M . N a f t a l i n 1936

OHIOAKRON 1

CANTON 1 A. M . L u n t z 1 9 3 8

CINCINNATI 2 Samuel Ac h 1 9 3 6

D a v i d P h i l i p s o n 1 9 3 6

Murray S easongood 1 9 3 8

CLEVELAND 2 E d w a r d M . B a k e r 1 9 3 8

E . S . H a l l e 1 9 3 7

CLEVELAND HEIGHTS 1

COLUMBUS 1

DAYTON 1 Milton C . S t e r n 1 9 3 7

TOLEDO 1 Sig mond Sanger 1 9 3 8

YOUNGSTOWN 1 Herman Rit ter 1938



1 3 0 The A mer i c an Jew i sh Co mmi t t ee

STATES ANDCITIES

OKLAHOMANO . OF

REP' S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

OKLAHOMA CITY S . K Bernstein 1937

TULSA Nathan Appleman 1937

OREGONPORTLAND 1 J ulius L . Meier 1936

PENNSYLVANIAALLENTOW N 1 William Harris 1937

ALTOONA 1 Isaiah Scheeline 1936

BETHLEHEM 1

BRADDOCK 1 Malcolm Goldsmith 1938

CHESTER 1 Nathan Speare 1938

EASTON 1

ERIE 1 I s ad o r S o b e l 1938

HARRISBURG 1 Gustav Kaplan 1937

HAZELTON 1

HOMESTEAD 1

JOHNSTOWN 1 Nelson A. E lsasser 1937

LANCASTER , 1 H Elins 1937

MCKEESPORT 1 Herman Levine 1938

PHILADELPHIA 1 1 C y r u s A d l e r 1938

Justin P . Allman 1936

Jacob B illi k opf 1937

Joseph L. K u n 1937

Al . Paul Lefton 1938

B. L . L evinthal 1937

Howard A. L oeb 1937

Victor Rosewater 1937

Horace Stern 1938

Morris Wol f 1938

PITTSBURGH 2 Edgar J . Kaufmann 1936

Irvin F Lehman 1937

PorrsvILLE 1

READING i A . L . L u r i a 1938

SCRANTON 1 Leon M. Levy 1938

UNIONTOW N 1

WILKES-BARRE 1 J . K We i t z e n k o r n 1936

RHODE ISLANDPROVIDENCE 2 A r c h i b a l d S i l v e r m an 1937

WOONSOCKET I Arthur I . Darman 1938

SOUTH CAROLINACHARLESTON I S i d n e y R i t t e nb e r g 1938




STATES ANDCITIES

NO. O F

REPS REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

SOUTH DAKOTASioux FALLS 1

TENNESSEECHATTANOOGA 1 Sid ney Marks 1 9 3 8

KNOXVILLE 1 Ben R . W i n i c k 1 9 3 8

MEMPHIS 1 L o u i s L e v y 1 9 3 8

NASHVILLE 1 Nat han Cohn 1 9 3 8

TEXASBEAUMONT 1 Benjamin Bl um 1 9 3 7

DALLAS 1 J . K . H e x t e r 1 9 3 7

EL PASO 1 M a u r i c e S c h w a r t z 1 9 3 7

FORT WORTH 1 U. M . S i m o n 1 9 3 6

GALVESTON 1 I s a a c H . Kempner 1 9 3 8

HOUSTON 1 Nathan H . C o l i s h 1 9 3 6

SAN ANTONIO 1 J a k e K a r o t k i n 1 9 3 8

WACO 1 Alex . H . S a n g e r 1 9 3 8

UTAHSALT LAKE CITY 1 J u l i a n H . B a m b e r g e r 1 9 3 8

VERMONTBURLINGTON 1 Samuel Li sman 1 9 3 6

MONTPELIER 1 E. L . S e g e l 1 9 3 6

VIRGINIANEWPORT NEWS 1 Robert D . B i n d e r 1 9 3 7

NORFOLK 1

PORTSMOUTH 1 J u l i a n M . B l a c h m a n 1 9 3 8

RICHMOND 1 Edward N . C a l i s c h 1 9 3 7

Irving May 1 9 3 8

ROANOKE 1 Morris L . M a s i n t e r 1 9 3 7

WASHINGTONSEATTLE 1 Emanuel Ro senberg 1 9 3 6

SPOKANE 1

TACOMA 1

WEST VIRGINIACHARLESTON 1

HUNTINGTON 1 D a v i d G i d e o n 1 9 3 6

L o u i s H o r k h e i m e r 1 9 3 7

WISCONSINMADISON 1

(Wheeli ng)

S . B . S c h e i n 1 9 3 6

MILWAUKEE 2 J o s e p h L . B a r o n 1 9 3 8

Max W. G o t t s c h a l k 1 9 3 8

SHEBOYGAN 1 George Holman 1 9 3 8

SUPERIOR 1

WYOMING 1



1 3 2 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee

Class B .- Delegates f r om Nat i o nal Jewish Organizatio ns*

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, A. S. W. Ro senbachBRITH SHOLOM, Martin O. L evy, Will iam M . Lewis

CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS, Morris Newfield

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH WOMEN 'S OR-GANIZATIONS, Estelle M . S t e r n b e r g e r

THE FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, S i m o n M . G o l d s m i t h

HADASSAH, Mr s . D a v i d d e S o l a P o o l , M r s . Arthur M . Lamport

HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA,John L . Bernstein, Harry F ischel, Ab raham Herman, Jacob

Massel and Al bert R osenblatt

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, Samuel Gol dstein, Max L .

Hollander, Leon Sanders and Max Sil verstein

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, Joseph Rosenzweig

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL WORK, F r e d M . B u t z e l

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mr s . Maurice L . G o l d -

man

ORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E. G r e e n b e r g

PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, A. D . Bearman

RABBINICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OFAMERICA, Elias L . M a r g o l i s

UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Ben-

jamin Koenig sberg and Willi am Weiss

UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, L o u i s J . Moss

WOMENS BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CON-GREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Mr s . Joseph M . A s h e r

WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Mr s .

Moses Hyamson, Miss Sarah Kussy and Mrs . S a m u e l S p i e g e l

-The term of Delegates is one year, or until their successors are chosen .



C l a s s C . - M e m b e r s - a t - L a r g e *

L o u i s Bamber ger , N ewark

Leo M. Brown, Mobile

J a c o b E p s t e i n , B a l t i m o r e

Eli F rank, Baltimore

N . B . G o l d s t e i n , M i l w a u k e e

Albert M . G r e e n f i e l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a

Hi ram S . Halle, New York

Herbert J . Hannoch, N ewark

Harold Hirsch, Atlanta

Wi l l iam L . Ho lz man, Omaha

Philip C . J o s l i n , P r o v i d e n c e

J . J . Kaplan, Boston

Louis E . K i r s t e i n , B o s t o n

Fred Lazarus, Jr ., Columbus

Albert C. Lehman, Pittsbur gh

Samuel D . L eidesdorf, New York

M on te M . L emann, New Orl eans

Austin T . L e v y , H a r r i s v i l l e , R . I .

Chas . J . L iebman, New Y o r k

Julian W . Ma c k , N e w Y o r k

George Z . Medalie, New York

Henry Morg enthau, Sr . , New Y o r k

Reuben Oppenheimer, Baltimor e

Milton J. Rosenau, Cambri dge

L e s s i n g J . R o s e n w a l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a

Mo r r is R o thenber g , New Y o r k

Henry Sachs, Colo rado Spr ings

Frederic W . Wile, Washingto n, D . C .

Henry Wineman, Detro it

L e o W o l m an , N e w Y o r k

'The term of Members-at-L arge is one year .

D i s t r i c t M em b er s 13 3



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CORPORATEMEMBERS

CLASS

Edmund H. Abraham s, Commerc ial Bldg ., Savann ah, Ga . A.

Samue l Ach, 81 7 Waln ut St . , C i n c i n n a t i , O . A .

Cyrus Adler, 20 41 N . Broad St. , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A .

Max Adle r, 30 W . Washington St . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A.

M o r t i m e r A d l e r , 2 A d l e r P l a c e , R o c h e s t e r , N . Y . A.

Justin P . Allman, 1522 Chestnut St . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AIsaac Alpern, P erth Amboy Trust Co ., Perth Amboy, N . J . ABenjami n Altheimer, 25 Broad St ., N ew York City

ANathan Appleman, P . O. Box 1221, Tulsa, Okla. AD . J . A p t e , P . O . B o x 2 8 8 , M i a m i , F l a.AMr s . Joseph M . Asher, 22 5 Central Park West, New York

City B.

Edwar d M. Baker, Union Trust Bldg . , C l e v e l a n d , O . A .

Julian H . Bamberger, P . O . Box 837, Salt Lake City, U tah A .

Louis Bamber ger, 60 2 Centre St . , S o . Orange, N . J . C .

Maurice Barlofsky, Lowell, Mass.AJoseph L . B a r o n , 2 4 1 9 E . Kenwood Blvd . , M i l w a u k e e , W i s c . A .

A. D . Bearman, 816 Exchange Bldg ., Memphis, Tenn . B.

James H . B e c k e r , 1 0 0 S o . L a S a l l e S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .

Simon Bergman , 745 Fifth Av ., N ew York City A .

Edward L . Bernay s, 1 Wall St., N ew York City A .

Herman Bernstein, 2 West 86th St ., New York City AJohn L . Bernstein , 299 Broadway, New York City B .

Philip N . Bernstein , Waterbury, Conn . AS. K . B e r n s t e i n , 1 7 2 1 P e t r o l e u m B l d g ., Oklahoma City, Okla . AJ a c o b B i l l i k o p f , 3 1 6 B a n k e r s T r u s t B l d g . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .

A .

Robert D . Binder, First National Bank Bldg ., Newport

News, Va . AJulian M. Blachman, 604 High St . , P o r t s m o u t h , V a . AHarry Block, 310 Kirkpatrick St . , S t . Joseph, Mo. AJoseph L . B l o c k , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , C h i c a g o , I l l . ABenjamin Plum, 381 College St . , B e a u m o n t , T e x a s A .

D a v i d M . Bressler , 75 Maiden Lane, New York City AArthur Brin, 6 00 Washington Av . , N . , M i n n e a p o l i s , M i n n. ADavid A. B r o w n , 2 1 2 F i f t h A v e ., New York City ALeo M . Brown, P . O. Box 593, Mobile, Ala . C .

Louis Brown , 518 Waba sh St . , T e r r e H a u t e , I n d . A .

F r e d M . B u t z e l , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . B .

H e n r y M . B u t z e l , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . A .

Edw a r d N . Calisch, 3104 Monumen t Av ., Richmond, Va . A .

135



1 3 6 T h e Amer i c a n J ew i s h Comm it t e e

CLASS

Edwar d M . Chase, 115 6 Elm St. , M a n c h e s t e r , N . H . A .

Joseph Cohen, 711 Huron Bldg . , K a n s a s C i t y , K a n s . A .

Morris R . Cohen, 85 4 W . 1 8 1 s t S t ., New York City ANathan Cohn, Stahlman Bldg . , N a s h v i l l e , T e n n.AN athan H . C o l i s h , 3 2 1 7 H a m i l t o n S t . , H o u s t o n , T e x a s A

Arthur I . Darman, P . O . Box 30, Woonsocket, R . I . AAbel Da vis, 6 9 W . Washingto n St . , C h i c a g o , I 1 1 . A .

Adolp h M . Davis, Commerce Bldg . , S i o u x C i t y , I a . A .

James Dav is, 1400 Milwaukee Av . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .

Max De J ong, 304 Main St. , E v a n s v i l l e , I n d . A .

A. J . D i m o n d , 6 7 S . Munn St . , E a s t O r a n g e , N . J. APhilip Dimon d, 189 Derrom Av . , P a t e r s o n , N . J . A .

J . M . Edrehi, American National Bank Bldg . , P e n s a c o l a , F l a . A .

H . E l i n s , 9 1 7 W . Waln ut St . , L a n c a s t e r , P a . A .

Abram I . Elkus, 40 Wall St ., N ew York City A .

Mey er C. E l l e n s t e i n , N e w a r k , N . J . ANelson A . Elsasser, c/o Nathan & Bro . Dept . S t o r e ,

Johnstown, Pa . A .

Jacob Epstein, 25 32 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md . C .

Max Epstei n, 2 30 S . C l a r k S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .

Benj amin Evarts, 316 Hig h St ., Holyoke, Mass . _ A .

Leo J . F a l k , B o i s e , I d a h o A .

Milton H . F i e s , S o . Railway Bldg ., Birmingham, Ala . A .

Aaron Fi nger, 40 60 Du P o n t Bldg., Wilmington, Del . A .

Joseph L. Fink, 5 99 Deleware Av . , B u f f a l o , N . Y . A .

1 1 . J . F i n k e n s t e i n , 2 0 5 S o . Broa dway, Los Ange les, Cal . A .

Harry Fischel, 276 Fifth Av ., N ew York City B .

William Fischman, 96 Grand St ., New York City AMilton S . Florsheim, 541 W. Adams St . , C h i c a g o , I l l . AAlfred K . F o r e m a n , 1 3 4 S . L a S a l l e S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .

Phillip Forman, U . S . D i s t r i c t C t . , T r e n t o n , N . J . AA. R i c h a r d F r a n k , 1 2 0 S . L a S a l l e S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .

Eli Fran k, 200 7 Sulgrave Av . , M t . Washington, Baltimore, Md . C .

H a r v e y B . F r a n k l i n , 2 1 3 0 F l o r i d a S t . , L o n g B e a c h , C a l . A .

A. B . F r e y e r , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , S h r e v e p o r t , L a . A .

Abraham W. G e l l m a n , 2 0 4 1 2 9 t h A v e . , R o c k I s l a n d , I l l . ADavid Gideon, 435 13th Ave, H untington, W . Va . A .

Louis H . G l u e c k , 1 3 t h a n d B r o a d w a y , G a r y , I n d . A .

N o r m a n S . Goetz , 11 Broadway, Ne w York City A .

Nathan J . Gold, Gold an d Co . , L i n c o l n , N e b r . AMax Goldb erg, 173 Washington St . , S a l e m , M a s s . A .

Samuel H . G o l d e n s o n , 1 E a s t 6 5 t h S t ., New York City A



Alpha betic al List of Corpo rate Members 137

CLASS

Mr s . M a u r i c e L . Goldman , 1175 Park Av . , N e w Y o r k C i t y

Harr y Goldo wsky, 23 Warne r Av . , J e r se y C i t y , N . J. A .

M a l c o l m G o l d s m i t h , B r a d d o c k , P a . ASimon M . G o l d s m i t h , 2 5 7 W . 9 3 r d S t ., New York City B .

N . B . G o l d s t e i n , 3 9 1 0 N o . L a k e D r i v e , M i l w a u k e e , W i s . C .

S a m u e l G o l d s t e i n , 5 9 9 B e d f o r d A v e . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . B .

S . S . G o l d w a t e r , 3 2 0 C e n t r a l P a r k W e s t , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .

J o s e p h G o o d m a n , T i b b e t t s A v e . , T r o y , N . Y . A .

Max W . G o t t s c h a l k , 1 9 6 1 N . Summit Ave . , M i l w a u k e e , W i s c . A .

Max E. G r e e n b e r g , 2 2 0 W . 4 2 n d S t . , N e w Y o r k C i t y B .

Albe rt M . G r e e n f i e l d , 2 0 0 B a n k e r s ' T r u s t B l d g . , P h i l a -

d e l p h i a , P a . C .

P . I r v i n g G r i n b e r g , 6 0 8 F i f t h A v e . , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .

Joseph B . G r o s s m a n , 1 9 G l e n d a l e R d . , Q u i n c y , M a s s . A

Benjamin L. H a a s , 1 5 2 S t a t e S t . , H a r t f o r d , C o n n . AL e o n a r d H a a s , C a n d l e r B l d g . , A t l a n t a , G a . AE. S . H a l l e , S w e t l a n d B l d g . , C l e v e l a n d , O . AHiram S . Halle, 5 0 Broadway, N ew York City C .

H e r b e r t J. Han noch, 17 Academy St ., Newark, N

. J. C .

William Harris, c/o Hess Bros . , A l l e n t o w n , P a . A .

L o u i s H a r t m a n , H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . A .

S i g . H a r z f e l d , 1 1 t h a n d M a i n S t s . , K a n s a s C i t y , M o . A .

H e nry S . Hen dricks, 25 3 Broadway, New York City C .

Abraham H erman , 69 Wooster St ., N ew York City B .

Elihu A. H e r s h e n s o n , 9 M a i n S t r e e t , P e a b o d y , M a s s . A .

J . K. H e x t e r , 4 2 0 L i n z B l d g . , D a l l a s , T e x a s A .

David M . Heyman , 25 Broad St., New York City A .

O s c a r H e y m a n , 2 6 S l o c u m S t . New Rochelle N . Y . A .

Harold Hirsch, Hurt Bldg . , A t l a n t a , G a . C .

Morton R . H i r s c h b e r g , P . O . B o x 1 0 3 5 , J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . A .

Jacob H . H o l l a n d e r , J o h n s H o p k i n s U n i v e r s i t y , B a l t i m o r e , M d . A .

Max L . H o l l a n d e r , 3 7 E . 7 t h S t ., New York City B .

Harry A . H o l l z e r , 3 1 1 F e d e r a l B l d g . , L o s A n g e l e s , C a l . A

George Holman, 1944 N . 7 t h S t . , S h e b o y g a n , W i s c . A.

William L. H o l z m a n , 9 0 0 N o . H a p p y H o l l o w B l v d . , O m a h a ,

N e b . C .

Louis Horkheimer, Wheelin g, W . Va . A .

Bernard Norwich, 2301 S . P a u l i n a S t . , C h i c a g o , 1 1 1 . A .

Mr s . M o s e s H y a m s o n , 6 5 E . 9 6 t h S t . , N e w Y o r k C i t y B .

L o u i s C . I l f e l d , P . O . B o x 1 5 0 6 , L a s V e g a s , N . M . A .

Stanley M . I s a a c s , 5 0 5 F i f t h A v ., New York City A .

H e n r y I t t l e s o n , 1 P a r k A v ., New York City A



1 3 8 The American Jewish Committee

CLASS

Charles Jacobson , Little Rock, Ark . A .

Abraham Jelin , 5 Elm Row, New Brunswick, N . J. APhilip C. J o s l i n , 1 0 0 H a z a r d A v e . , P r o v i d e n c e , R . 1 . C .

Gustav Kaplan, 2518 N . 2 n d S t . , H a r r i s b u r g , P a . A .

J . J . K a p l a n , 1 6 1 D e v o n s h i r e S t . , B o s t o n , M a s s . C .

Jake Karotkin, 217 W . Commerce St . , S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . AEdga r J . K a u f m a n n , 5 t h a n d S m i t h f i e l d S t s . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . AIsaac H . K e m p n e r , G a l v e s t o n , T e x a s

AS a m u e l K e s s l e r , 9 C l i n t o n S t ., Newark, N . J . ALouis E. Kirstein, Wm . F i l e n e S o n s & C o . , B o s t o n , M a s s . C .

S o l S . K i s e r , 3 7 3 6 W a s h i n g t o n B l v d . , I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . A.

Joseph J . K l e i n , 1 9 W . 4 4 t h S t., New York City A .

S o l K l i n e , S t r a u s B l d g . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .

Benjamin Koe nigsberg, 99 Nassau St ., New York City B .

S. J o s h u a K o h n , 1 6 0 7 G e n e s e e S t . , U t i c a , N . Y .A .

I . I . K o t z e n , 3 5 4 M a i n S t . , M a l d e n , M a s s . A .

Julian H . K r o l i k , 3 1 0 E . J e f f e r s o n A v . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . A .

Arthur K . K u h n , 1 4 E . 7 5 t h S t ., New York City AJoseph L. Kim, Bankers Trust Bldg . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AMiss Sarah Kussy, 5 9 Treacy Ave ., Newark, N . J . B .

Albert D . L a s k e r , 9 1 9 N . Michigan Ave . , C h i c a g o , I l l . AArthur M . L a m p o r t , 4 4 P i n e S t ., New York City A.

Sidney Lansburgh, 1516 Baltimore Trust Bldg . , B a l t i m o r e , M d . A .

Mr s . Arthur M. Lamport, 59 0 Wes t End Ave ., Ne w York City B .

Hen ry Lasker, 310 Main St . , S p r i n g f i e l d , M a ss . A .

Edward Lazan sky, Borough H all, Brooklyn , N . Y . A.

Fred Lazarus, J r., High an d Town Sts . , C o l u m b u s , O .

Al . P a u l L e f t o n , 1 6 1 7 P e n n s y l v a n i a B l v d . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A .

Albert C . Lehma n, B law Kn ox Co . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . C .

Herbert H . Lehman, 16 William St ., New York City A .

Irvin g Lehman, 36 W . 4 4 t h S t ., New York City A .

I r v i n F . Lehman , Blaw Kn ox Co . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ASamue l D . L e i d e s d o r f , 1 P e r s h i n g S q ., New York City C .

M o n t e M . Lemann, Whitney Bldg . , N e w O r l e a n s , L a . C .

Harry Levi, T emple Is rael, Longwood Av . , B o s t o n , M a s s . AIsadore Levin, First National Bank Bldg . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . A.

Herma n Levine, 2 33 Fifth Av. , M c K e e s p o r t , P a . A.

B . L . L e v i n t h a l , 7 1 6 P i n e S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A.

Austin T . L e v y , S o u t h m e a d o w , H a r r i s v i l l e , R . I . C .

Benjamin F . L e v y , 3 0 5 R e a l t y B l d g . , E l m i r a , N . Y . A .

Edgar A . L e v y , 5 0 5 F i f t h A v ., New York City A .

Fred Levy , c/o Levy Bros . , L o u i s v i l l e , K y . A .

Leo n M . L e v y , S c r a n t o n L i f e B l d g . , S c r a n t o n , P a . A .

Louis Levy, Commerce Title Bldg ., Memphis, Tenn . A .

Martin O . L e v y , 5 0 6 P i n e S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . B .

H a r r y E. L e w i s , 5 0 C o u r t S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . A



Alphabeti cal List o f Corporate Members 1 39

CLASS

William M . L e w i s , 5 0 4 C i t y H a l l , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . B .

Adolph Lewisohn , 61 Broadway, N ew York CityA

W i l l i a m L i e b e r m a n n , 1 8 5 M o n t a g u e S t . , B k l y n , N . Y . AChas . J . L i e b m a n , 9 0 7 F i f t h A v ., New York City C .

S a m u e l L i s m a n , 1 9 3 C o l l e g e S t . , B u r l i n g t o n , Vt . AH o w a r d A . L o e b , 3 1 6 C h e s t n u t S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AJacob M . L o e b , 1 7 5 W . J a c k s o n B l v d . , C h i c a g o , I l l . AL u c i e n L o e b , M o n t g o m e r y , A l a . A

Solomon Lowenstein, 71 W . 4 7 t h S t . , New Yor k City A .

A. M . L u n t z , 1 8 4 5 M a r k e t N . , C a n t o n , Ohio AA. L . L u r i a , C o l o n i a l T r u s t Bldg . , R e a d i n g , P a . A .

L e w i s L u r i e , 4 4 0 S t a t e S t . , S c h e n e c t a d y , N . Y . A .

Simon Lyon, Evan s Bldg . , Washington, D . C . A .

E r n e s t M a a s , 8 1 7 S . E d i s o n A v . , T a m p a , F l a . AJulian W . Mack, Woolworth Bldg . , New Yor k City C .

Eugene Mann heimer, 427 W . 5 1 s t S t . , D e s M o i n e s , I a . A .

E l i a s L . M a r g o l i s , 1 6 G l e n A v e . , M t . V e r n o n , N . Y . B .

S i d n e y M a r k s , 7 1 9 M a r k e t S t . , C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . A .

James Marshall, 150 Broadway, New York City A .

A l e x a n d e r M a r x , 1 0 0 M o r n i n g s i d e Drive, New York City AL a w r e n c e M a r x , 9 3 F r a n k l i n S t . , New Yor k City AMorris L. M a s i n t e r , S t a t e a n d City Ban k Bldg . , R o a n o k e , V a . AJacob Massel, 1688-52n d S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . B .

I r v i n g M a y , 6 1 3 E . B r o a d S t . , R i c h m o n d , Va . AGeorge Z . M e d a l i e , 2 2 5 W . 8 6 t h S t ., New York City C .

J u l i u s L . M e i e r , M e i e r & F r a n k C o . , P o r t l a n d , O r e . AHen ry Morgenthau, Sr . , 1 1 3 3 Fifth Av., New York City C .

I s i d o r e D. M o r r i s o n , 4 5 7 W e s t 5 7 t h S t ., New York City C .

B . L . M o s b a c h e r , 4 9 1 S t a t e n Av . , O a k l a n d , C a l . A .

Henry D . M o s k o w i t z , P a r a m o u n t B l d g . , N e w Y o r k C i t y AL o u i s J . M o s s , 3 2 C o u r t S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . B .

D. M . N a f t a l i n , 2 2 5 F r o n t S t . , F a r g o y N . D a k o t a A .

B e n j a m i n N a t a l , 1 6 5 5 P a r k Blvd., Camden, N . J . AG e o r g e W . Naumburg, 48 Wall S t ., New York City A .

William Newcorn, 220 P ark Av. , P l a i n f i e l d , N . J . A .

M o r r i s N e w f i e l d , 2 1 0 0 H i g h l a n d Av. , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . B .

G e o r g e N e w m a n , P i t t s f i e l d , M a s s . A

G e o r g e O p p e n h e i m e r , 1 0 1 2 B a l t i m o r e S t . , K a n s a s C i t y , M o . A .

Reuben Oppenheimer, 3506 Bancroft Rd . , B a l t i m o r e , M d . C .



1 4 0 T h e Amer i c a n J ew i s h Comm it t e e

CLASS

Joseph B . P e r s k i e , G u a r a n t e e T r u st C o . B l d g . , At l a n t ic C i t y,

N . J.ACarl H . P f o r z h e i m e r , 2 5 B r o a d S t ., New York City ADavid P hilipson, 270 McGregor Av . , C i n c i n n a t i , O . AM i c h a e l P i l o t , 4 9 H a m m o n d S t . , B a n g o r , M e . A .

Samuel Platt, Reno , Nevada AMrs . David de Sola Pool, 99 Central Park West, New York

C i t yB .

Joseph M. P r o s k a u e r , 1 1 B r o a d w a y , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .

S a m u e l R a i z e s , 2 1 5 S o . F e d e r a l S t . , M a s o n C i t y , I o w a A .

A. C . R a t s h e s k y , U . S . T r u s t C o . , B o s t o n , M a s s . A .

C h a r l e s S t e r n e R a u h , 3 4 0 E . M a p l e S t . , I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . A .

Charles M . Rice, Federal Commerce Trust Bldg . , S t . L o u i s ,

Mo .A .

H a r o l d R i e g e l m a n , 4 2 0 L e x i n g t o n A v . , N . Y . C . AHerman C . R i t t e r , 2 9 1 P a r k A v e . , Y o u n g s t o w n , O h i o AS i d n e y R i t t e n b e r g , 3 7 B r o a d S t . , C h a r l e st o n , S . C . AM i l t o n J . R o s e n a u , H a r v a r d M e d i c a l S c h o o l , B o s t o n , M a s s . C .

A. S . W . R o s e n b a c h , 1 3 2 0 W a l n u t S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . B .

C h a r l e s R o s e n b a u m , 9 3 0 U n i v e r s i t y B l d g . , D e n v e r , C o l o . A .

Emanuel Rosen berg, P . O . B o x 5 3 , S e a t t l e , W a s h . AJames N . Rosenber g, 165 Broadway, New York City AA l b e r t R o s e n b l a t t , 2 2 9 W e s t 7 8 t h S t . , N e w Y o r k C i t y B .

S a m u e l I . R o s e n m a n , 4 4 4 C e n t r a l P a r k W . , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .

C . R . R o s e n t h a l , T h e F a i r S t o r e , B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . A .

M a u r i c e R o s e n t h a l , 3 3 6 W . B e r r y S t . , F o r t W a y n e , I n d i a n a

L e s s i n g J . R o s e n w a l d , S e a r s , R o e b u c k & C o . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . C .

Josep h Rosenz weig, 51 Chambers St ., Ne w York City B .

V i c t o r R o s e w a t e r . B e l l e v u e - S t r a t f o r d H o t e l , P h i l a . , P a . A .

Lester W . R o t h , S u p e r i o r C o u r t , L o s A n g e l e s , C a l . A .

Morris Rothenberg, 5 Beekman St ., New York City C .

Walter N . R o t h s c h i l d , 4 2 2 F u l t o n S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . AH y m a n J . R o u t t e n b e r g , 2 0 2 C e n t r a l S t . , S o m e rv i l l e , M a ss . A .

H e n r y S a c h s , C o l o r a d o S p r i n g s , C o l o . C .

S a m u e l S a l z m a n , 3 6 1 H i g h l a n d B l v d . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . A.

Leon Sanders , 280 Broadway, New York City B .

Alex . H . S a n g e r , W a c o , T e x . ASigmond Sanger, 1007 Nicholas Bldg . , T o l e d o , O . AMorris D . S a x e , 3 8 9 S h u t t l e M e a d o w A v e . , N e w B r i t a i n , C o n n . A.

J oseph H . S c h a n f e l d , N a t i o n a l B l d g . , M i n n e a p o l i s , M i n n . A .

I s a i a h S c h e e l i n e , 2 6 A l t o o n a T r u s t B l d g . , A l t o o n a , P a . AS . B . S c h e i n , S u p e r i o r C o u r t o f D a n e C o u n t y , M a d i s o n , W i s . AWolf gang S. Schwabacher, 115 Broadway, N ew York City A



Alphab etical List o f Corpor ate Members 1 4 1

CLASS

Maurice S c h w a r t z , P o p u l a r Dry G oods Co . , E l P a s o , T e x . A .

Ralph J . S c h w a r z , C a n a l Bank Bldg . , N e w O r l e a n s , La . A .

M u r r a y S e a s o n g o o d , 1 6 1 6 U n i o n C e n t r a l Bldg . , C i n c i n n a t i , O . AE. L . S e g e l , 3 8 E . S t a t e S t . , M o n t p e l i e r, Vt . AB e r n a r d S e m e l , 4 8 3 B r o a d w a y , New Yor k City AEdward A . S i l b e r s t e i n , 7 0 4 P r o v i d e n c e B l d g . , D u l u t h , M i n n. A .

A r c h i b a l d S i l v e r m a n , 2 2 6 P u b l i c S t . , P r o v i d e n c e , R. I . A .

M a x S i l v e r s t e i n , 3 0 5 B r o a d w a y , New Yor k City B .

U. M . Simon, W . L . Waggoner Bldg . , F o r t W o r t h , T e x . AAlexander L . S i s k i n d , B a y S t a t e B l d g . , L a w r e n c e , Mass . A .

Max C . S l o s s , H u n t e r - D u l i n B l d g . , S a n F r a n c i s c o , C a l . AI s a d o r S o b e l , 9 3 1 W . 9 t h S t . , E r i e , Pa.J a m e s S o l o m o n t , 3 0 C o u r t S t . , B o s t o n , Mass . ANathan Speare, 629 Edgmont Ave . , C h e s t e r , P a . A .

Mr s . S a m u e l S p i e g e l , N . E . c o r . 122nd & Broadway, New

York City BN a t h a n S p i r o , 1 6 1 Main St . , D a n b u r y , Con n . AE z e k i e l S p i t z , 3 0 0 O c e a n A v e . , N e w London , Conn . A .

Theodore E . S t e i b e r , 886 Main St . , B r i d g e p o r t , Con n . A .

B e n H . S t e i n , V i c k s b ur g , Miss . AFred M . S t e i n , 2 7 0 M a d i s o n A v . , New Yor k City A .

Jesse H . S t e i n h a r t , K o h l Bldg . , S a n F r a n c i s c o , C a l . A .

H e n r y M . S t e r n , 8 7 C l i n t o n A v . , N . , R o c h e s t e r , N . Y . AH o r a c e S t e r n , 2 6 0 C i t y H a l l , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AMilton C. S t e r n , c / o D a y t o n - B i l t m o r e Hotel, Dayton, O . AE s t e l l e M . S t e r n b e rg e r , 103 Park Ave ., New York City B .

I . M . S t e t t e n h e i m , 1 7 C e d a r S t ., New York City AB e n j a m i n S t o l z , 9 1 2 S t a t e T o w e r B l d g . , S y r a c u s e , N . Y . A .

Hugh Grant Straus, 422 Fulton S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . AR o g e r W

. S t r a u s , 1 2 0 B r o a d w a y , New Yor k CityA

Lewi s L . S t r a u s s , 5 2 W i l l i a m S t ., New York City ABertram A . S t r o o c k , N e w b u r g h , N . Y.ASolomon M . S t r o o c k , 141 Broad way, Ne w York City A .

Frank L . S u l z b e r g e r , 3 3 3 S . P e o r i a S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l. AI s a a c S u m m e r f i e l d , 1 4 9 3 Sum mi t Av . , S t . P a u l , M i n n . A .

J o s e p h T a l a m o , 3 9 0 M a i n S t . , W o r c e s t e r , Mass . AM a u r i c e T o b e y , 4 0 C o u r t S t . , B o s t o n , Mass . A .

P . H . V i s k i n d , 4 5 5 C o u n t y S t . , N e w B e d f o r d , M a s s . AF e l i x V o r e n b e r g , G i l c h r i s t Co . , B o s t o n , M a s s . A .

Aaron Waldhe im, 12th and O l i v e S t s . , S t . L o u i s , Mo . AFelix M . Warburg, 52 William S t ., New York City A




Eugene Warner, 1906 Liberty Bank Bldg . , B u f f a l o , N . Y . A .

P h i l i p F . Waterman, 6 17 Rosewood Ave . , S . E . ,

Grand Rapids, Mich . A .

Lionel Weil, G oldsboro, N . C. A .

J o s e p h W e i n b e r g , 5 8 W . Park St . , B u t t e , M o n t a n a A.

J a c o b W e i n b e r g e r , 9 0 1 F i r s t N a t i o n a l B l d g . , S a n D i e g o , C a l . A .

William Weiss, 144 0 Broadway , New York City B .

J . K . Weitzenkorn, 34 Weitzenkorn Bldg . , W i l k e s - B a r r e , P a . A .

S . F r e d e r i c k W e t z l e r , T h e T r u s t C o . B l d g ., New Haven , Conn . A .

Frederic W. Wile, 1220 Shoreham Bldg ., Washington, D . C. C .

Herman Wile, 77 Goodell St . , B u f f a l o , N . Y . AHenry Wineman, Peoples' Outfitting Co . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . C .

Ben R . Winick, Hamilton Bank Bldg . , K n o x v i l l e , T e n n . A .

Isidore Wise, 810 Prospect St . H artford, Conn . A.

Abraham Wofsey, 25 Bank St . , S t a m f o r d , C o n n . A .

H a r r y A . Wolf, 18th and Douglas Sts ., Omaha, Neb . A.

Morris W olf, P ackard Bldg . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A.

Ralph Wolf, 24 Pine St ., New York City ALeo Wob ian, 15 Un ion Sq ., New York City C .WB . Woolner, 510 Lehmann Bldg . , P e o r i a , I l l . A .

Nathan Yamins 1219 H ighland Av . , F a l l R i v e r , M a s s . AHen ry Yozell, 411 Washington St . , B o s t o n , M a s s . A .



Sustain ing Members

an d

C o n t r i b u t o r s



SUSTAINING MEMBERS

ALABAMAA l e x a n d e r C i t y

H e r z f e l d , H .

A n n i s t o n

S t e r n e , N i e l P .

Birmingham

A d l e r , E d g a r L .

A d l e r , I k e

A l l e n , J .

B a u m , H e r b e r t J .

B u r g e r , J a c o b

C o n g r e g a t i o n E m a n u e l

E n g e l , W i l l i a m P .

F i e s , M i l t o n H .

F r i e d m a n , J .

German Emergency Fund

G o l d b e r g , A .

H a r t , S i d n e y

H o l i n e r , W i l l i a m

K a y s e r , L e o

Loveman, Joseph H .

R o s e n b e r g e r , J . D .

R o t h o l z , G .

S t e i n e r , L e o K .

W e i n b e r g , J a c k H .

H u n t s v i l l e

C o n g r e g a t i o n B ' n a i S c h o l e m

Mobile

Brown, Hugo

Commun ity

P i n c u s , M r s . E . A .

Zimmern, L . J .

Montgomery

B a u m , P h i l

J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n

Kaufman, SamuelK l e i n & S o n

Lobman , Myron

Lobman , Walter

L o e b , L u c i e n S .

M a r s h u e t z , L . J .

AND CONTRIBUTORSN o v e m b e r 1 , 1 9 3 3 t o D e c e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4

145

Wampold , Simon

W e i l , A d o l p h

W e i l , A l v i n

W e i l , E m i l

W e i l , I s i d o r

W e i l , L e o n

Selm a

Hohenberg, M . , & C o .

T u s c a l o o s a

B r o w n , M i s s R o s e

ARIZONADouglas

C o n g r e g a t i o n A d a t h I s r a e l

G l e n d a l e

D e f f , D r . M . I .

P h o e n i x

M a r k s , B a r n e t t E .

Rothman , Ed

P r e s c o t t

G o l d w a t e r , M o r r i s

ARKANSASH ot S p r i n g s

B u r g a u e r , D .

S i n g e r , C h a r l e s

L i t t l e R o c k

F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s

CALIFORNIAB e r k e l e y

P o p p e r , W i l l i a m

B e v e r l y H i l l s

H i r s c h h o r n , C l a r e n c e

M y e r s , C l a r e n c e

R o d g e r s , D r . W i l l i a m A .

C u l v e r C i t y

M a y e r , L o u i s B .

R o d g e r s , R i c h a r d



1 46 T h e Amer i c a n J ew i s h Comm it t e e

H o l l y w o o d

Engelman, S .

Los Angele s

Ancker, Robert

A r n o l d , J . K .

Asher, Max

Baruch, Mrs . Herman

B a r u c h , J . Y .

Bernhard, Mrs . S .

Brand, Harry

B r i c k , A l e x a n d e r

B r i s k i n , S . J .

Brown, Emil

Brown's

Cohen, G eorge W .

Cohn, H arry

C o h n , J u l i u s

D i s s a u e r , M a u r i c e

* E l s a s s e r , M .

F a e r b e r , A r n o l d

F i n k e n s t e i n , M . J .

Fox, Alvi n H .

Frank, B . L .

F r i s c h , J o s e p h

G a l l i c i a n , M . A .

Gillman, George

G o e t z , W i l l i a m

G o l d s m i t h , O s c a r

G o l d s t o n e , J u l i u s C .

Greenberg, Dan

G r e e n b e r g , I k e

G r o s s b l a t t , L . J .

Harris, M .

H i r s c h F a m i l i e s

Hollzer, H . A .

J a c o b s , J . B .

Kaplan, Benjamin

K a r l ' s S h o e S t o r e

K l e i n , S a m u e l

K l i n g s t e i n , K s i

Krystal, Samuel

L e M a i r e , S a i r i

Levy , O . J .

L i s s a u e r , L o u i s

Loeb, K . L .

*Deceased

M e e r t i e f , G u s t a v e

M e t z l e r , I r v i n g

M o s s , I r v i n g

Neustadter, Mr .

Newmark, S . M .

P a c h t , I s a a c

R i e s e , E . M .

R o g e l l , S i d

Rosenberg, M .

S a n d r i c h , F r e d a

Sanenick, Mrs . J .

Schwartz, M .

S h e l l e y , M .

S c h i f f , L u d w i g

S i s k i n , H a r r y

Sokolo w, Alex T .

S t e r n , C h a r l e s

S t e r n , H a r o l d

S t e r n , J a c o b

S t r a s b u r g e r , A r t h u r

Swartz , Seym our

Thompson, G . M .

White, Harry

Z a l k , L o u i s

Zanuck, Darryl

Oakland

Un ited Jewish Welfare Fund

Pasadena

Arn dt, M . S .

Blum, August

Hessberg, Mrs . S a m u e l

Thanhauser, Mrs . F r a n k L .

Sacrame nto

B r o w n , I s i d o r

San Bernardin o

Katz, M . D .

San Die go

H i l l k o w i t z , S .

Mayer, M . E .

S a n F r a n c i s c o

Jewish National Welfare Fund



COLORADOColorado Springs

L i e b e r t h a l , H a r o l d

Sachs, Hen ry

Schaefer, Dr. Solomon

Denver

Bernheim, Isaac W .

Buchmann , Max

Cook, Mrs . D . B .

Cowen, A. B .

E h r l i c h , B e n S .

Frumess, H . H .

Grauman, A. L .

H i l l , I s i d o r

H o r n b e i n , P h i l i p

J a c o b s , D a v i d

Kauvar, C . H .

Krohn, Dr . M . J .

Levy , Robert

Schaye r, Max S .

S c h l e s i n g e r , M e l v i n H .

S i l v e r s m i t h , J . H .

Wachtel, Simon

W i t t e l s h o f e r , E d w i n J .

CONNECTICUTB r i d g e p o r t

C o h n , I s r a e l J .

Resnick, Maurice E .

Schn ee, Abraham C .

D a n b u r y

Dick, Harry

Dick, Hen ry

F e i n s o n , S a m u e l

Frohman, Albert

H e y m a n , H . J . , & S o n

Kaufman, Joseph

K r u z a n s k i , J a c o b

Leibowitz, Benjamin

P a p i s h , A s h e r

R u b e n s t e i n , S t a n l e y

S a n d s , A l b e r t

Spiro, Nathan

Hartford

Aishb erg, Edwin

Bauer, Mrs . B e r t h a L .

* D e c e a s e d

Li s t o f S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s

C o n g r e g a t i o n B e t h I s r a e l

Emanuel Brotherhood

Freedman, Joseph M .

Gaberman, Louis

Haas, William P .

H art ma n, E. M .

Hollander, A .

Kaffenburgh, Mrs . D o n a l d

K a t z , I . J .

K a t z , I r v i n g

Kofsky, G . M .

Myers, Max

N e u f i e l d , A l b e r t

Opper, Frederick C .

S e l t e r m a n , E s t h e r

S t e r n , L e o

Templ e Sisterhoo d Cong . B e t h

I s r a e l

Wachtel, B .

W i s e , I s i d o r e

N e w H a v e n

Buxbaum, William

*Cahn, Alexander

C o n g r e g a t i o n M i s h k a n I s r a e l

G o r d o n , I s r a e l

Harrison, Thomas

Jackson, John Day

K l e i n e r , I s a a c L .

L e v y , I r w i n S .

M e n d e l , L a f a y e t t e B .

Rosenbluth, Louis M .

Ross, Arthur M .

R u s s o t a , S i m o n

Sachs, Manuel S .

S a g a l , L e w i s

Ullman, Abraham S .

Ullman, Joseph H .

W e t z l e r , S . F r e d

W o l f e , I s a a c

N e w Lo n d o n

Commun ity

Goldsmith, E .

Ruderman, S .

Shelton

Kreiger, A .

1 4 7



1 48

Stamford

N e v a s , H a r r y

WaterburyA l b e r t , I . N .

A p i r i a n , J o h n J .

A t k i n s , S .

B e r n s t e i n , P h i l i p N .

Biernbaum, H .

C a n t o r , A l b e r t

D o r f m a n , L o u i s

E r l a n g e r , M e y e r

G a b e r , J o s e p h

G r a c e r s t e i n , P e r r y

G r e e n , H a r o l d G .

G r e e n b e r g , S a m u e l H .

G r e e n b l a t t , C h a r l e s

G r e e n b l a t t , M a r t i n

Kramer, Samuel

Krasow, Harry

Kuperman, L .

L i e b e s k i n d , L o u i s

M a t z k i n , A .

O s e r & L e v i n

P r i l l i g , I s i d o r

R u b y , B .

S i m o n s , L o u i s L .

Soloman , Aaron

S p i r t , M o r r i s

S u g e n h e i m e r , J o s e p h

Traurig, Max

U n i t e d J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e

Weisman, Henry J .

Zusman Bros .

West Hartford

H a r t , E . A .

Hartman, Maurice

DELAWARES e a f o r d

V a n L e e r , C h a r l e s

Wilmington

F i n g e r , A a r o n

F i n k e l s t e i n , I . B .

G l u c k m a n , B a r n e t

*Deceased

The American Jewish Committee

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAWashington

Baum, LeoB e h r e n d s , M e l v i n

C a f r i t z , M r . & M r s . M o r r i s

C a r d o z o , B e n j a m i n N .

F i s c h e r , M a x

G o l d s m i t h , C h a r l e s A .

G r o s n e r , G e r a l d

*Hahn, Harry W .

H e i l p r i n , G i l e s F .

H e r s h f i e l d , I s i d o r e

H i m m e l f a r b , P a u l

Kaufman, D . J .

Kaufmann, E . I

L u c h s , M o r t o n J .

L y o n , R . B . H .

Lyon , Simon

M a z o , I . J o s e p h

R o s e n b e r g , M . D .

S c h w a r t z , C h a r l e s

S h e r b y , H a r r y

S o l o m o n s , A l i n e E .

T a s h o f , I v a n P .

T r o u v e r , I . S .

W i l e , F r e d e r i c k W i l l i a m

FLORIDAG a i n e s v i l l e

Commun ity

J a c k s o n v i l l e

Community

Miami

A p t e , D . J .

F e i b e l m a n , H e r b e r t U .

J a c o b u s , L e o n a r d

Lehman , Mrs . H a t t i e G .

L e v i n , I .

M e y e r , S i d n e y

M i a m i J o i n t C o m m i t t e e

W o l f s o n , M i t c h e l l

S t . P e t e r s b u r g

C o h e n , M o s e s

F r i e n d l y , M e y e r H .



TampaAllied J ewish Campaign

Haimowitz, Ben

Watterman, Jerome A .

GEORGIAAlban y

Hofmayer, L . J .

A t l a n t a

A t l a n t a A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l

Haas, Leonard

Hirsch, Harold

Meyer, A . A . & E . L .

Riesman, Joseph N .

Augusta

Commun ity

Columb us

Schwob , S .

G a i n e s v i l l e

G o l d s t e i n , J .

Maco n

H orga n, Da n C .

Jewish Community

Savann ah

Abraha ms, Edmund H .

A d l e r , L e o p o l d

Alexander, S .

B e r n s t e i n , M . H .

Adle r, Sam G .

Boley, H . M .

Byck, Dave

B y c k , J o e

Byck, Sylvan

Cohen, G irard M .

Dryfus, M .

E c k s t e i n , J . P .

Edel, Her man M .

Friedman, B . 1 .

Gazan, Jacob

Li s t o f Su s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s

Guthman , Aaron

H i r s c h , J e r r y

H i r s c h , J u l i u s

Iseman, Mrs . E .

Kayton, H . L .

Kuhr, Raymond M .

Levy , A . B .

Levy , Morton

Levy, S . H .

Lewis, Eman uel

L i v i n g s t o n , H . H .

Long abaugh, J . D .

Minis, A .

M i n i s , J . F .

Minis, Maria

Mohr, Sigo

Morrison, W . R .

Pin kussohn, Sam

Raskin, H arry

R u s se l l , T . S .

Salomo ns , Arthur W .

S l o t i n , M o r r i s

Solomon s, I . S . , J r .

United Jewish Drive

Wortsman, Edgar L .

ILLIN OIS

Auror a

Auror a Y . M. H . A .

Champa ign

Kuhn, Isaac

Chicago

A a r o n , C h a r l e s

Adler , Max

A s h e r , L o u i s

Auerbach, Benjamin

Austrian, Harvey S .

Bauer, A .

Becker, James H .

B e l l e n b e r g , A . G .

Benjamin, Jack A .

Berkson, Maurice

Black, Herman

B l o c k , E . J .

149



15 0 T he Am er ic an Jewish Committee

B l o c k , J . L .

B l o c k , L . E .

B l o c k , L e i g h B .

B l o c k , P . D .

B l o c k , P . O .

Blum, Harry H .

Cahn, B . J .

Cahn , Mrs . R e g i n e T .

Cohen , Mrs . A l f r e d

Cohen, L . L e w i s

David, Abel

Davis, Meyer

D e L e e , J o s e p h B .

Dreyfus, Maurice M .

Dreyfus, Moise

E c k s t e i n , L o u i s

Eisen drath, Edwin W .

Eisendrath, W . B .

Eisendrath, W . N .

Epstei n, Max

E t t l e s o n , S a m u e l A .

F e c h h e i m e r , F r e d e r i c

Florsheim, Harold W .

F l o r s h e i m , I r v i n g

F l o r s h e i m , L o u i s

F l o r s h e i m , M i l t o n S .

Frank, A. R .

F r e i l e r , A b r a h a m J .

F re i l e r , J e a n e t t e S .

F r e u d e n t h a l , G e o r g e S .

Freund, Erwin O .

F r i e d , H e r b e r t

F r i e d l i c h , H e r b e r t A .

G l a s e r , E . S .

Goldman , Solomon

Goldsmith, Mrs . H a r o l d

Goodman , Samuel

G o t t l i e b , H . N .

Grossman , Max M .

Harris, M . B .

Hartman, Leon

Hirsh, William A .

Hoffman, Henry I .

H o f f m a n , J u l i u s J .

Horwich, Bernard

Jacobson, Mrs . D .

Kahn , Louis

Katz, Morris

Kat z , W .

Kauffmann, Theodore

K l i n e , S o l

K o h n , H y m a n N .

K u n s t a d t e r , A l b e r t

Kuppenheimer, Louis B .

L a c k r i t z , P a u l N .

L a s k e r , A l b e r t D .

Lautman n, H . M .

Lebold, Foreman N .

Lebold, Samuel N .

L e l e w e r , S . S .

Levin kind, Hyman

Levinson , David

Levy, Henry

Lindheimer, B . F .

L i p s o n , I . B .

Loeb , H . A .

L o e b , I s a a c A .

L o e b , J a m e s J .

L o e w e n h a u p t , J e s s e

Loewenthal, Edward J .

L o e w e n t h a l , R i c h a r d J .

Lowenbach , William L .

Mack, Julian W .

Mayer, Alfred C .

M a y e r , E l i a s

Mayer, Harry A .

Mayer, Herbert

Meyer, A . W .

M e y e r , A l b e r t

Meyer, Carl

M i c h a e l s , J o s e p h

Nast, Alex D .

Oberfelder, Herbert M .

O b e r f e l d e r , J o s e p h

O b e r f e l d e r , W a l t e r S .

Oppenheimer, Harry D .

Paradise, H. M . , & C o .

P e r l s t e i n , H a r r y

Pflaum, A. J .

P i n c u s , S. Z

.

P o l l o c k , E . J .

P o r t i s , M i l t o n M .

R e g e n s t e i n , J o s e p h

R e g e n s t e i n e r , T h e o d o r e

Remer, H .

Richard, Frank A .



*Rosenbaum, David

Rosenbaum, Edwin S .

R o s e n f e l d , M r s . M a u r i c e

R o s e n f e l d , M o r r i s S .

Rosenwald Family Association

Rothschild, M. M .

R o t h s c h i l d , M a u r i c e

R o t h s c h i l d , M a u r i c e L .

R o t h s c h i l d , M e l v i l l e N .

R u b e n s , C h a r l e s

Salomon , Leo R .

Sampson , Peter

S c h a a f , C l a r e n c e

S c h a f f n e r , J o s e p h H a l l e

S c h a n f a r b e r , T .

Schra m, Elmer E .

Schram, H arry

Schur, Mrs. Herman

S c h w a r t c h i l d , W i l l i a m G .

Schwartz, U . S .

Schwarz, Sidney L .

S e l i g , L e s t e r N .

S h i r e , M o s e s E .

Sigman , L .

S i l b e r m a n , D a v i d B .

S i l b e r m a n , H e r b e r t S .

S i n a i C o n g r e g a t i o n

Sonn enschein , Edward

Sonnenschein, Hugo

S o n n e n s c h e i n , R o b e r t

S o p k i n , B .

S p i e g e l , M r s . Arthur H .

S p i e g e l , F r e d e r i c k W .

S p i e g e l , J . S .

S p i e g e l , M . J . , J r .

S p i e g e l , M r s . Mae 0 .

S p i e g e l , M o d i e J .

S p i e g e l , P h i l

S p i e g e l , S i d n e y M .

S p i t z , J o e l

S t e e l e , S a m u e l B .

S t e i n , J u l e s C .

S t e i n , S . S i d n e y

S t e i n d l e r , A l b e r t

S t e r n , A l f r e d E .

S t e r n , A l f r e d K .

*Deceased

List o f Sustainin g Members

Stern, Alfred W .

S t e r n , G a r d n e r

S t o l z , J o s e p h

S t r a u s , D a v i d

S t r a u s , E l i M .

Straus, Henry H .

S t r a u s , M e l v i n L .

S t r a u s , S a m u e l J . T .

Strauss, Henry X .

S u l z b e r g e r , C l a r a F .

S u l z b e r g e r , F r a n k L .

Temple Religious School

Uhlmann, Fred

Uhlmann, Richard

Vehon, Morris

Wedeles , Edward L .

Wolbach, Murray

Wolf, Henry M .

Wormser, Mrs . F r i d a

*Wormser, Leo F .

Z e i s l e r , E r w i n P .

Evan stonCohen , Sym a

*Rosenberg, H .

Glencoe

Goodma n, Mrs . M i l t o n F .

North Shore Congregation

I s r a e l

Highland Park

B e c k e r , L o u i s

Mandel, Mrs . Emanuel

Stein , Lawren ce M .

Kewanee

Wine, David

Moline

Sklovsky, Max

P e o r i a

C o h e n , L o u i s

C o n n e y , J . P .

F r a n k f o r t e r , H a r r y

Horwitz, S .

15 1



1 5 2

K l e i n , L o u i s

L e d e r e r , J . L .

Lehman n, Arthur

S a l z e n s t e i n , A r n o l d

Seidenberg, N . C .

S i l b e r s t e i n , B o b

Ullman, Clarence

W o o l n e r , A d o l p h , J r .

Woolner, W . B .

Rockford

S h a n h o u s , C h a r l e s

Urbana

Koller, Armin H .

W a u k e g a n

S t e i n , M r s . A d o l f

Winnetka

S p i e g e l , M r s . J o s e p h

INDIANAC l i n t o n

Wasserman, A .

Fort Wayne

F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s

L i c h t e n b e r g , C h e s t e r

G a r y

Glueck, Louis H .

I n d i a n a p o l i s

Jewish Welfare Fund

Summitville

Warner, William & Sons

Terre Haute

Commun ity

L e v i n , M o r r i s P .

*Deceased


IOWACedar Rap ids

M i l l e r , J o h n F .

C e n t e r v i l l e

*Rosenbaum, J .

Davenport

United Jewish Appeal

Des Moines

Commun ity

Sioux C i t y

Cohe n, Sam

F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h S o c i a l

S e r v i c e

KANSAS

Leaven worth

Abeles, M . , E s t a t e

Wichita

Richmond, Harry P .

KENTUCKYL o u i s v i l l e

A d a t h I s r a e l R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l

H e i l m a n , C l a r e n c e J .

H i r s c h , I s a d o r e

K l e i n , B e n

Lang, Joseph

L e v y , J a c o b

L e v y , S o l

L i e b s c h u t z , I .

L i n k e r , B .

Rauch, Joseph

United Jewish Campaign

LOUISIANALake Charles

Temple Sinai






E p s t e i n , J a c o b

F e d e r l i c h t , D a v i d

Fink, A . J .

F l e i s c h e r , M i l t o n F .

Frank, Edward L .

F r a n k , E l i

F r a n k , M i s s L o r e l y

Friedenwald, Harry

G o l d e n b e r g , L e v i

Goldman, L. Edwin

Greenebaum, Leon E .

G r e i f , L e o n a r d L .

G u g g e n h e i m e r , M i s s J u l i a

Gutman, Nelson

Hamburger , Mrs . H . L .

Hamburger, Dr . & M r s .

Louis P .

H a r t o g e n s i s , B . H .

Hecht, Alex

Hecht, Mrs . L . A

Hecht, Moses S .

Hendler, L. M a u r i c e

H erma n , Mrs . E l s i e F o x

Hochs child, Max

H o l l a n d e r , J a c o b H .

H o l l a n d e r , S i d n e y

H u t z l e r , A l b e r t D .

Hutzler, Mrs . D a v i d

Hutzler, Edwin B .

H u t z l e r , J o e l G . D .

H u t z l e r , L o u i s S .

Katz, A. R a y

K a t z , J o s e p h

Katzenberg, Berney

Kemper, Armand

Kemper, David

K o h n , I r v i n g I I .

Kohn, Walter

Lauchhe im • ,- r , J a c o b M .

Lauchheimer, Sylvan Hays

Lauer, Mrs . Martha F .

L e v y , L e s t e r S .

Levy, WilliamMandelbaum, Sarah S .

Mendel, Abram

M i l l e r , H e n r y S .

*Deceased

M i l l e r , J . J e f f e r s o n

M o r r i s , L e s l i e W i l l i a m

Morris, Moses

Moses, Mrs . R o s e L .

Oheb Sholem Religious School

Oppenheimer, Henry

Oppenheimer, Mr . & Mrs .

ReubenP e l s , I s a a c R .

P e r l m a n , P h i l i p B .

Rosenau, William

*Rosenberg, Lewis L .

Rosenheim, Sylvan

R o t h s c h i l d , F e l i x

R o t h s c h i l d , M o s e s

R o t h s c h i l d , S o l o m o n

R o t h s c h i l d , S t a n l e y Z .

S c h a p i r o , M o r r i s

S c h l o s s , I r w i n A .

S c h l o s s , M r s . Meyer

S o b e l o f f , S i m o n E .

Sondheim, Walter

Sonn eborn, Siegmund B .

S t r a u s , A a r o n

Van Leer, Milton

Walter, Mrs . M o s e s R .

Westheimer, Henry F .

Westheimer, Milton

Westheimer, Mrs . M i l t o n F .

Westheimer, Sidney F .

Wolf, Alex

Hagerstown

K l i n e , J a c o b A .

H a n c o c k

Rosen, H . M .

Owing Mills

Samuel s, Morto n

MASSACHUSETTSBoston

Agoos, Solomon

B a e r , L o u i s

B a r n e t , S . J .

B r i l l i a n t , F r a n k



Dana, Meyer

D a n i e l s P r i n t i n g C o .

E h r l i c h , A d o l p h

E h r l i c h , W i l l i a m

F o x , I s i d o r

Gordon, Nathan H .

H erma n , Mrs . Hennie A .

K a p l a n , J . J .

K i r s t e i n , L o u i s E .

Kohn, Mark

Kohn, Samuel

M e d a l i e , L e o n S .

Mintz, Herman A .

Morrison, H .

Myerson , Abraham

Norton, G . N .

P a l a i s , J o s e p h

R o s e n a u , M i l t o n J .

Shohet, H erman

S p r i n g e r , E r n e s t

S t r a u s s , L e o n


Van Noorden, E .

V o r e n b e r g , F e l i x

Wasserman, Jacob

Brockton

K i b r i c k , I . S .

Brookline

Cohen, J oseph H .

L e v i , D r . H a r r y

Pinanski, A. E .

S h e i n w a l d , A l b e r t B .

Slocum, Isaac M .

Wolkowich, Erwin

Campello

Win d, Max E .

F a l l R i v e r

Adaskin , Edward

C o o p e r , S . B .

Epstein , Mr .

F e i n b e r g , S .

Gourse, David L .


Greenbaum, Dr .

Harris, A .

H o r v i t z , B e n

K l i n e , J .

Kovalsky, Fred

L e v i n , I .

L i s t B r o s .

Lubinsky, Dr .

Markell, H .

M i t t e l m a n , I .

Olinick, Maury

P r i a l , D r .

Radovsky, H . W .

Remick, D .

R o b i n , J . S .

Shabshelowitz, Mr .

Shanok, L .

Soforen ko, Mr .

Sokoletzky, Mr .

U nger, W .

Yamins, Nathan

Z a l k i n d , J o s e p h

J a m a i c a P l a i n s

A l b e r t s , M r s . A n n i e

Lawrenc e

Basi now, M .

Berenson, L. P .

Cohen, J acob M .

Goldberg, D .

H e r s f i e l d , Z .

Lebo w, A .

Lebowitz, M .

Nevins, M .

Oppenheim, D .

Q u i n t , L . M .

Russem, B .

S i e g e l , H .

Simon , C .

S i s k i n d , A . L .

S i s k i n d , I .

S i s k i n d , R . R .

S l a t e r , N .

T r e l l i n g , L . M .

Warsh aw, Max M .

1 5 5



1 5 6

L o w e l l

U n i t e d J e w i s h A p p e a l

Lyn n

B l o c k , F r a n k


C o v n e r , D r . A l b e r t H .

G o l d s t e i n , A . L .

L e h n e r , R o b e r t N .

L o e w , I r a

Mann, Eugene

P r i z e r , A l b e r t

Schon, Edward

T e m p l e B e t h e l S i s t e r h o o d

W e i n s t e i n , H a r r y

Malden

Hoberman , Samuel

M a r s h f i e l d

F e i n b e r g , B . M .

Methuen

Caplan , M. J .

S a m e l s , S .

New Bedford

A b r a h a m s o n , F i s h e r

B a r n e t , S a m u e l

B e s e r o s k y , W i l l i a m

D a v i d o w , W i l l i a m

G o l d f a r b , S a m u e l

H o r o w i t z , J a c o b A .

H o r w i t z , M o r r i s

K a l l e r , P h i l l i p

K a p l a n , B o r i s

L e v i n e m , L . L o u i s

R u s s o t t o , B a r n e t A .

R o s e n b e r g , S o l o m o n

S e g a l l , S . K .

Newton

G o l d e n , E d w a r d I .


Peabody

R a b i n o w i t z , I s i d o r

P i t t s f i e l d

E n g l a n d , S i m o n

P o t t e r s v i l l e

Meyer, M .

Roxbury

G r e e n , I s a d o r e

S h a i n , S a m u e l

S n i d e r , H a r r y

Saugus

S a l t e r , M . , & S o n s

S p r i n g f i e l d

A s i n o f , M o s e s

I s e n b u r g , H .

K e l l e r , H e n r y

May, William

P r i c e , S a m u e l

S w i r s k y , B e n j a m i n

Waltham

Bayard, H .

Winthrop

London , M . H .

Worcester

A r k u s , N a t h a n

A s h e r , J a c o b

B e e b e r , S a m u e l

B e l l e r , J o h n D .

B u r w i c k , C a r l

C & S W h o l e s a l e G r o c e r s

C h a s e , L o u i s

C o h e n , J o s e p h B .

Cora sh, Max H .

C o r b i n , M a u r i c e N .

C o t z i n , D a v i d



Davis, Lewis

Edinb erg, H .

E l i a s , S a u l

F i e l d i n g , B e n n e t I .

Glaz er, Solomon

Gordon , Archie

Grodberg & Hirsch

Green berg, Max

H aberma n, H arry

Handleman, B . L .

H i a t t , A .

Hillman, A. M .

I s e n b e r g , D a v i d B .

Kashman, H . L .

K a t z , I s r a e l

Krintzman, L .

Kunin, L .

Lewis, A .

Kaplan, H erma n G .

L y o n , I r v i n g J .

Mason, George H .

Pemstein, George

Persky, Abraham S .

Putnam, Charles

R o z e f s k y , L o u i s

Ruskin, E . S .

S a c k , J a c o b

Seder, D . I .

Seder, Samuel

Simmon s, William L .

Talamo, Joseph

U l i a n , I . M .

Wald, Lewis

Whitman, Moses

Worcester County Un ited Appeal

Z e l l e n , I . J .

MICHIGAN

Alpen a

Isackson, Sam

K o s i t c h e k , E . I .

Temple Beth- El

Ann Arbo r

Z w e r d l i n g , O s i a s

Li s t o f S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s

D e t r o i t

B u t z e l , F r e d M .

Butzel, Henry M .

Jewish Welfare Federation

L e v i n , I s a d o r e

L i t z k y , J o h n

Grand Rapids

Wolf, Gustave A .

Levine, M .

Lake Linde n

B e n e d i c t , C . H .

H o u g h t o n

MINNESOTADuluth

Un ited Jewish Appeal

Minneapolis

B r i n , A r t h u r

M i n n e a p o l i s F e d e r a t i o n f o r

J e w i s h S e r v i c e

Sapero, Abe

St. P a u l

Birnberg, T . S .

B r a t t e r , P e n

C a l m e n s o n , J e s s e B .

Commun ity

F i r e s t o n e , M i l t o n P .

Goodkind , William L .

L e v i n e , J . J .

Litmann, Bern ard N .

L o e v i n g e r , G u s t a v u s

Mains, A .

O r e n s t e i n , L . F .

S t e i n , S a m

MISSISSIP P I

Brookha ve n

Abrams , C . C .

157




Jackson

Commun ity

D r e y f u s , I s i d o r

Meridian

Ackerman , William

Adler, R .

Adler, William

Arky, H erbert

Davidson, L

Dravin, A .

Dumont, I .

Feibelman, B . M.

Feibelman, Edgar

F e i n s t e i n , J .

Foresman, Mrs . R o s a b e l

Greenwald, Herbert

G r e e n w a l d , I r v i n

Jacobson, Gabe

Jacoby, A.

Kay, Sidney

K l e i n , K . T .

Klein, Simon

Lerner, William

Loeb, Alex

Loeb, H enry

Loeb, Marshall

Marks, I . A .

Meyer, Harold

Meyer, J . S .

Meyer, Joe

Meyer, Karl

Meyer, Sam

Pappenheimer, Meyer

R i c e , H a r r y

Rose nbau m, A . D .

Rosenbaum, I . A .

Rosenbaum, M . M .

R o s e n b u s h , I .

R o t h e n b e r g , I r v i n

R o t h e n b e r g , L e v i

R o t h e n b e r g , L o u i s

Rothenberg, Mrs . M a r k s

Rothenber g, Sam

Signoff, Max

S t r a u s s , B . M .

S t r a u s s , S y l v a n

T h r e e f o o t , K .

Threefoot, Sam

Ullman, L .

Wigransky, L .

MISSOURI

Kansas City

Cohen , Mrs . Henry

Diamant, A .

Goldberg, M .

G r e e n m a n , M .

Holzmark, M .

J e w i s h W e l f a r e F e d e r a t i o n

Loeb, Milford

Mayer, Millard

Oppenheimer, George

Rubin, William

Sosland, David N .

Sosland, Samuel

S o s l a n d , S a n d e r s

Stern , Sigmun d

Uhlmann, Paul

S t . J o s e p h

Apple, Mrs . M o s e s

Block, Harry

B l o c k , N a t e

E h r l i c h , M i l t o n H .

E h r l i c h ,W H .

F e l t e n s t e i n , D a v i d

F l a r s h e i m , C l a r e n c e

Greenbaum, Isador

Hassenbusch, Samuel

P h i l l i p , B e n

P o t l i t z e r , J a m e s

R o s e n b l e e t , E u g e n e

Silverman, Mrs . J o .

Wasserkrug, Samuel

St . L o u i s

J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n

MONTANAB i l l i n g s

Friedwald, Max

Harron, L .



NEBRASKAL i n c o l n

Koral, Ephraim

OmahaAbrahams, Hen ry J .

J e w i s h P h i l a n t h r o p i e s

NEW HAMPSHIREB e r l i n

United Hebrew Charity

F r a n k l i n

B a r g , I s r a e l

F r a n k l i n J e w i s h O r g a n i z a t i o n s

Salom on , Max

Manchester

B l o o m f i e l d , J a c o b

Braverman, A .

B r e s n i c k , A .

B r o d i e , I . A .

Chase, Edward M .

Cohen, Reuben H .

D e i t c h , J o h n

Eckman, N athan

Eckman , SamE l l i o t t , H a r o l d E .

E l u t o B r o s .

E l u t o , J o s e p h

Eluto, Mandel

E l u t o , M a u r i c e

E l u t o , R o l a n d

Finman, L .

F o s t e r , J a c o b , 2 d

F o s t e r , J o s e p h

Freedman, Louis

G i l b e r t , N a t

Gordon, L .

Gordon , Sam

Graham, Milton

H a r r i s o n , S . H .

Katz, Maurice

Kavesh, A. D .

Krauzer, George

L i g h t s t o n e , J .

List of Sustainin g Members

Machinist, Abraham

M a l e n s k y , I r v i n g

Mandell, Maurice

Margolis, Samuel

Metz, E. J .

Meyer, Ben

M i l l e r , L o u i s

P o r t e r , G e o r g e R .

Resnik, Samuel

Rosenberg, Maurice

Rosenblum, J . Morton

Ross, Lewis H .

Rudnick, Joseph

S a i d e l , M a u r i c e

S a i d e l , M y e r

Savan , A .

S c h w a r t z , J .

Shoul, Abraham

S i b u l k i n , A .

S i l b e r b e rg , J .

S i l v e r , H e n r y

Stahl, Sam

S u l l i v a n , S o l o m o n

Woods, Jack

Woolf, Frank

Z e l i n s k y , J a c k

Z e l i n s k y , W i l l i a m

N ashua

P o r t e r , P h i l i p

Portsmouth

Nannis, M .

NEW JERSEY

A t l a n t i c C i t y

Kaas, Andrew

Kline, Henry S .

P e r s k i e , J o s e p h B .

Schwartz, Joseph

Bay on ne

Bayonn e Progressiv e Aid Assn .

Boorstein, Herman

E p s t e i n , S .

Grodberg, Irving D .

15 9



16 0

J a c o b s , M o r r i s

Posnak, Kalman

Turtletaub, Abram S .

Weiss, M . J .

Bound Brook

Borow, Benjam in

Bridgeton

Schwarzman , D .

Camd enG a l a n t i , J o s e p h

Kaplan, Sidney

K l e i n , E l i a s

Natal, Benjamin

Praissman , Maurice L .

East Oran ge

Abraham s, Mrs . Leo M .

D i m o n d , A . J .

G r o e d e l , T h e o d o r e

Mayer, A .

E l i z a b e t h

J e w i s h C o u n c i l

S t e i n , E m i l

H o b o k e n

L i c h t e n s t e i n , J u l i u s

W e i l l , M i l t o n

I r v i n g t o n

Levenson, B . M .

J e r s e y C i t y

B i t t e r m a n , J u l i u s I .

E i s e n b e r g , I .

F a l k , L o u i s A .

Manishewitz, Max

M a p l e w o o d

Lasser, Aaron

R a c h l i n , A . H .

The American Jewish Committ ee

Montclair

H a r r i s , J a c o b

New Bru nswick

Lipman, Jacob

N e w a r k

Bamberg er, Edgar S .

B u e c h l e r , D r . H a r r y

Foster, Solomon

G o r l i n , M o r r i s

H a n n o c h , H . J .

H e l l e r , J .

H o f f m a n , C h a r l e s I .

Kussy, Mrs . N a t h a n

Lewis, William

M a n s h e l , C h a r l e s

M e y e r , J . H .

Puder, Harry S .

S c h w a r t z , L o u i s C .

S t e i n , S i d n e y

S t e i n e r , E d w i n

S t e r n , S . A r t h u r

S z e r l i p , L e o p o l d

Warner, Barnett

Orange

Augenblick, Meyer

Palmyra

Schwartz, Dav id L .

P a t e r s o n

Geller, Herman

L a p a t , P . G .

P l a i n f i e l d

Bloom, Charles

Bronston, E .

Guinsburg, Samuel

Kantor, Abraham

K l e i n , S a m u e l

Kunzman, Irving

M e l t z e r , S a u l

Newcorn, William



R o s i n , J o s e p h

Sachar, Kaspar

S c h n e l l e r , J u l i u s

Schwartz , Samuel

Tepper, Max

T o r n b e r g , I .

Weintraub, Benjamin

South Oran ge

Abeles, H erbert R .

Bamberger, Louis

F a l k , G i l b e r t

Hart, Leon A .

Summ it

Jewish Community Cente r

Trenton

A l b e r t , S a m u e l

Blaugrund, Samuel

C i t r o n , I s r a e l

Cohen , Edgar T .


Comin sky, Samuel

Dee, Frank

F i s h b e r g , J o s e p h

Forman, Philip

G l a d s t o n e , J o s e p h

Goldberg, Benjamin

Hochman , Louis

Hydeman, Charles

Kahn, Albert

K a p l a n , L o u i s

Kelsey & Vine

L e f f , H e n r y

L e v i n e , B . D .

Levy, Herbert

Lewis, A . A .

L i e b r i c h , D r . L e o n

Raphael, Herman E .

Rudner, Louis

S c h a f e r , J u l i u s

S c h r a g g e r , C h a r l e s

S h a f f e r , E . L .

S h i p p e r , L o u i s B .

S i e g e l , I r v i n g


Silverman, Herman & H arry

Simon , Samuel

Swern , Samuel

Tabish, Theodore

Vine, Benjamin

West End

K l e b a n , L o u i s E .

W e s t w o o d

Goldberg, David

W i l d w o o d

S h e n b e r g , I r v i n g

Tenenbaum, Harry

NEW MEXICOAlbuqu erque

I l f e l d , L o u i s

NEW YORK CITYManhattan & Bron x

Aaron son, M . L .

Abraham s, Michael M .

Abrahams, Robert

Abra ms, Abba

Adler, Leonard

Adler, Morton L .

A d l e r , P a u l

A l p e r s o n , E . L .

A l t h e i m e r , B e n

A l t s c h u l , F r a n k

Ansbacher, D . A .

Arkush, Reuben

Aronsohn , Samuel J .

Bacharach, E. S .

Badman, Theodore

Baerwald, Paul

Baron de Hirsch Fund

Baron, Salo W.

Beaumont Trust

Beer, Edwin

Bergman, H . M .

Bergman , Simon

B e r l i n e r , S a m u e l

B e r l i s s , A r t h u r D .

16 1



1 6 2 The American Jewish Committ ee

B e r m a n , I s r a e l

Bernhard, H enry

Bernheim, Alice R .

Bernheim, Mr . & M r s . H e n r y J .

B e r n s t e i n , D .

B i e l , L e o n a r d

Bing, Alexander M .

Bischofsheimer, Hen ry

Bloch, Adolph

B l o c k , H e n r i

Block, Henry

B l o c k, H e r m a n W .

B l o c k , I .

Bloomingdale, Samuel &

Hiram C .

B l u e s t o n e , E . M .

Blum, Albert

Blum, Mrs . J o s e p h A .

Blumberg, Myer S .

Blumenthal, George

Boehm, LouisB o r g e n i c h t , L o u i s

B o s c h w i t z , C a r l

Brand, Albert R .

B r e i t e n b a c h , J e n n i e M .

Brenner, Robert H .

B r i s h , C h a r l e s S .

Bronston, Benjamin E .

Brown, Davis

B u t t e n w i e s e r , B e n j a m i n J .

C a s s e l , H .

C o h e n , E l i a s A .

Cohen , Leonard A .

Cohen, Norman M .

Cohen, William N .

Cohn, Ann ie

C o h n , L o u i s

Coleman , Mr . & M r s . A . E .

Cong regatio n Eman u-El

Congr egation Rod eph Sholom

Coons, Sheldron RCowen, Dav id

Cowen , Edward L .

C r e i d e n b e r g , J u l i u s

C r y s t a l , F a b i a n M .

Damma n n , Milto n

*Deceased

David, John

D a v i d s o n , I s r a e l

Davis, A. M .

D a v i s , G . R i c h a r d

D r e y f u s , W i l l i a m

D r i b b e n , S . F .

Dulman , Simon

Durlach , Emma K .

D u r l a c h , M i l t o n I .

E c k s t e i n , S a m u e l

Edelstein, Goodman

E d e r , J . M .

Ehrich, Jesse W .

Ehrich, Manf red W .

E i n s t e i n , I s a a c D .

Eiseman n, Alex

E i s i n g , H a r r y

E l i a s , P . R .

Elkus, Abram I .

E l l i n g e r , E d g a r

Elsas, Her man

*Enelow, H . G .

Engel, Dav e F .

Engel, Hen ry

Erdman n, Albert J .

E r l a n g e r , F e l i x M .

E r l a n g e r , M i l t o n S .

E r l a n g e r , M i t c h e l l

Erlanger, Sydn ey B .

F e i n b e r g , B . S .

F i n k e l s t e i n , S a m

F i n k e l s t o n e , M o r r i s

Finkenberg & Sons, A . I n c .

Fischbach, H . F .

F i s c h e l , H a r r y

F i s h e l , L e o J .

Flexner, Bern ard

F o x , J .

Frank, Edgar K .

Frank, Miss G . L .

Frank, L. J

.

Frank, Leo

Frankel, Mrs . L e e K .

Franken heimer, The Misses

F r e e d , A l l i e S .

F r e e d , L o u i s

F r e i d , I s a d o r e

Friedma n, Amelia G .



Frink, Mrs . Angelin a W .

F u e r s t , W i l l i a m F .

Furman , Ed I .

G a l e f , J o s e p h

Gans, H oward S .

Gan tz, Aaron

Garfun kel, Aaron

Gerngross, Leo

G i l b e r t , J o s e p h E .

G i l s t o n , J a c o b

G l a z i e r , H e n r y S .

Goetz, Norman S .

G o l d e n , S . H e r b e r t

Goldman , Mrs . H e l e n R .

Goldma n, H e nr y

Goldman, Herman

Goldman, William

G o l d s m i t h , E l s i e B .

G o l d s m i t h , F r e d e r i c k

Goldsmith, Lawrence L .

Goldsmith, Richard

G o l d s t e i n , B e n j a m i n

G o o d f r i e n d , C a r r i e

Goodkind, Harold

Goodman, A. , & S o n s

Goodman, Edwin

Gordon, William S .

G o t t h e i l , M r s . P a u l

G o t t s c h a l l , S i m o n

Granet, Adolph

Green baum, Leo

Greene, Harold

Greenspan, Henry

Grossman, Jacob J .

Grossman , Moses H .

Guggenheim Foundation,

D a n i e l & F l o r e n c e

Guinz burg, H . A .

G u i n z b u r g , M i s s L i l l i e

Guinzburg, Richard A .

G u i t e r m a n , M i l t o n S .

Gutman, Rosa

Haberman, Philip W .

Hahn, Alfred

H a l l e , H i r a m J .

H a l l e , L o u i s J .

*Deceased

List of Sustain in g Members 16 3

Hanauer, Jerome J .

Hart, Mrs . J o h n

Hartstein, Benjamin A .

H a s k i n s & S e l l s

Hass, Joseph A .

Hatry, Harry A .

Hebrew Sheltering &

Immigran t Aid Society

Hebrew Publishing Co .

Hein, Miss Yrsa

H e l f a t , J . Nathan

H e l l e r , I s a a c S .

*Hen dricks, Mrs . C h a r l e s

Hendricks, Henry S .

Hen dricks, Mrs . H e n r y S .

Henshel, H . D .

Herber t, Edward

Herman , Abraham

H e r m a n , Sy d n e y H .

Hernstadt, W . L .

H e r s h f i e l d , L e v i

Herz og, Mrs . B e l l e A .

Herz og, Samuel A .

Heyman, David M .

Himowich, M .

Hirsch, Leon H .

H i r s c h , R i c h a r d

Hirschhorn, Fred

H i r s c h l a n d , F . H .

Hirshon, Mrs . C h a r l e s

H o c h s t e r , A l b e r t

Hockstader, Leonard A .

Hofheimer, Fannie

Hofheimer, Mrs . F a n n i e

Hofheimer, Henry

Hofheimer Foundation, Nathan

Holzman , Asher

Holzman , Elkan

H o l z m a n , J a m e s M .

Holzman, S .

Holzman, Tobias

H o r o w i t z , L o u i s J .

Horwitz, Max

Horwitz, Moses

Hubshman, Henry M .

H y a m s o n , M .

Hym an, Arthur B .

H yma n , Arthur D .



1 6 4 T h e Amer i ca n J ewi s h Comm itte e

H y deman , Edwin M .

Hyman, Joseph C .

I c k e l h e i m e r , H a r r y R

I s a a c s , S t a n l e y M .

I s r a e l , C a r l o s

I t t l e s o n , H e n r y

J a c k s o n , P e r c i v a l E .

J a c o b i , H a r o l d

J a c o b s , R . J . , & Co .

J a c o b s , S . M .

J a c o b s o n , F e r d i n a n d

J a c o b s o n , S t e l l a

J o n a s , R a l p h

J o s e p h , M a u r i c e

J o s e p h , S y l v a n L

J o s e p h , T h e o d o r e H .

K a c h u r i n , P h i l i p

K a h n , H e r b e r t

Kallman , Max S .

K a p l a n , I r a I .

K a p l a n , M o r d e c a i M .

Karpf, M . J .

K a s t o r , A d o l p h

K a s t o r , A l f r e d B .

K a t c h e r , A . D .

K a t z , E u g e n e

K a t z e n b e r g , L o u i s , R o s e

& H ow a rd

K a t z e n b e r g , M i l t o n R

K a t z e n s t e i n , M a r t i n L .

Kaufman, H . M .

K a y e , G a b r i e l S .

K e l l e r , J o s e p h F .

Kempner, S. M a r s h a l l

Kern, Mrs . S a r a h

K i r s c h e n b a u m , I .

K l a u , N a t h a n

K l e e , M r . & M r s . S i m o n J .

K l e i n , D . E m i l

K l e i n , J o s e p h J .

K l e i n , L e o p o l d

K l e i n , S .

K l e i n , S i d

K l e i n , W i l l i a m

K l i n e , G e o r g e

K l i n g e n s t e i n , C h a r l e s

*Deceased

K o h l e r , E d g a r J .

* K o h l e r , M a x J .

Kohnstam m, Edward

Kohnstamm, Joseph

Kops, Waldemar

K o r n , D a n i e l L .

K o r n , W a l t e r C .

K o r n f i e l d , A l b e r t E .

K r a k e u r , J a c q u e s

K u g e l m a n , J u l i u s G .

K u h e , I .

Kuhn, Arthur K .

L a c h m a n , M i s s R o s e

L a m p o r t , A . M .

L a n d s m a n , S . M .

L a n g n e r , L a w r e n c e

L a u e r , E d g a r J .

L a u t e r b a c h , A a r o n

L e d e r e r , R i c h a r d M .

Lederma n, M .

L e h m a i e r , J a m e s M .

L e h m a n , A r t h u r , & A s s o c i a t e s

*Lehman, H arold M .

Lehman , Herbert H .

L e h m a n , I r v i n g

L e i d e s d o r f , S . D .

L e m o n , J . E .

L e v i n e , I . B .

L e v o r , M r s . L o u i s e L .

L e v y , M r s . A d e l e R .

L e v y , M r s . D i a n a

L e v y , E d g a r A .

L e v y , M r s . L . N.

L e v y , M a x J .

L e w a l d , S i m o n

L e w i n s o n , B .

L e w i s , T e d

L e w i s o h n , A d o l p h

Lewisohn, Sam A .

Lewy, Max

Libman , E .

L i c h t e n s t e i n , M .

L i g h t , N o r b e r t D .

L i l i e n t h a l , J o s e p h L .

Limbur g, Alan M .

Linde, Herman

L i o n , O s c a r

L i p p e r , A r t h u r



Lippman n, George

Lippman n, Harry

Lippman n, Robert K .

L i s s a u e r , H a r r y

Lissner, H erman

L i t t e r , A r t h u r S .

L i v i n g s t o n , C .

L i v i n g s t o n , M r s . K a t e

Loeb, Carl M .

Loeb, Mrs . M o r r i s

Lorsch, Hen ry

Lowe, Percival R .

Lowenstein , Benjamin

Lowenstein , Benjamin

L o w e n s t e i n , G a b r i e l

Lowenstein, Solomon C .

L u r i e , M r s . M .

Maass, Herbert H .

Magnin, Rose F .

M a l i n a , L o u i s

Manges, Morris

Manheimer, Jac R .

Marks, Benjami n E .

*Marks, Marcus M .

Marx, Alexan der

M a r s h a l l , J a m e s

M a s l a n s k y , P h i l i p

Mayer, Clinton 0 . , J r .

Mayer, Mrs . S o p h i a

Meirowitz, Dr . P h i l i p

Mendelsohn, Sigmund

Menken, Mrs . Mortimer M .

Messing, Louis N .

Meyer, Dr . A l f r e d

Meyer, Charles H .

M e y e r , F l o r e t t e S .

Meyer, Max

Meyers, Wallace

Miller, Martha K .

M i l l e r B r o s . H a t C o .

M i l l h i s e r , M r s . Regina V. A .

M i l l s t e i n , H a r r y

M o i s e i f f , L e o n S .

Mordecai, Benjamin

Morgenthau, Hen ry

M o r r i s , J o s e p h L .

*Deceased

Li s t o f Su s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s

M o r r i s o n , I s i d o r e D .

Morse, Moses M .

Moskowitz, Dr . Henry

Moss, B . S .

M u e h l s t e i n , H .

Mundheim, Samuel

Nathan, Mrs . C l a r e n c e S .

Nathan, Mrs . Edgar J .

Nathan, Edgar J . , J r .

Nathan, Miss Emily S .

Nathan, Harold

N a t h a n , M i s s R o s a l i e

Naumburg, George W .

Naumburg, Mrs . Max

Nayfack, Bertram S .

Necarls umer, Mrs . H e n r y

Necarlsumer, Henry

New York Foundation

Newborg, Moses, & Co .

Newburger, Alfred H .

Newburger, M . J .

Newburger, Samuel M .

Nordlin ger, Mrs . F l o r a

Nordlinger, H . H .

Nordlin ger, Miss Martha

Ochs, Mannie

Opton, Milton E .

Parmet, Meyer

Pearlman, Phil

P e i e r l s , S i e g f r i e d

Pforzheimer, Carl H .

P h i l l i p s , C a p t . N . T a y l o r

Pollak, Mrs . F r a n c i s D .

P o l l a k , M a u r i c e

P o l l a k , M a u r i c e

P o l l a r d , I . B .

P o l l i t z e r , S .

Popper, Arthur M .

Popper, Mrs . W i l l i a m C .

P o s t l e y , G i l b e r t J .

Prager, William

P r o k e s c h , S . Z .

Proskauer, Joseph M .

Proskauer, Richman

Rabinowitz, Aaron

Racoosin, Theodore

Ravner, William

R e i s s , C h a r l e s

1 6 5




R e i t e r , M r . & M r s . Lewis M .

Richter, Max

Riegelman, Harold

Riem, Simon R .

Robb, Moe

Robbins, K .

R o s e , M i s s S i t t a h R .

Rosenbaum, Martin

Rosenba um, Sol G .

Rosenberg, H .

Rosenberg, James N .

R o s e n b l a t t , A l b e r t

R o s e n f e l d , E r n s t

Rosenheim, Louis

Rosenman, Samuel J .

Rosenthal, Mrs . J e s s e

Rosenthal, Leon W .

R o s e n t h a l , M o r r i s

Rosenthal, Samuel

Rosenthal, Samuel G .

Rossbach , Max J .

R o s s i n , A l f r e d S .

Rosenzweig, Hen ry

Roth, Harry

R o t h s c h i l d , M i s s A .

R o t h s c h i l d , A n n a J .

Rozoff, Harry

Rubenstien, Henry H .

S a c h s , B .

Sachs, Samuel

Sack, Alexander N .

Sack, Benjam inS a k s , I s a d o r e

Salman owitz, M .

Samkoff, Leon

San ders , Max E .

S a x e , S i g .

Schaap, Michael

Schan zer, Anna H .

Scheer, H . C .

S c h e u e r , S . H .

S c h i f f , J o h n M .

S c h i f f , M i s s T h e r e s a

S c h i f f e r , M r s . A l f r e d

Schimmer, Charles

S c h l e s i n g e r , P e t e r

* D e c e a s e d

S c h n e i e r s o n , S . S .

Schonbrunn, S . A .

S c h u l t e , J o s e p h M .

S c h u l t e , M r s . J o s e p h M .

Schwarz haupt, Emil

S c h w a r t z , D a n i e l S .

S e i f e r h e l d , D a v i d F .

S e i f e r h e l d , S i g m u n d

S e l i g m a n , E u s t a c e

Semel, Bern ard

S e s s l e r , M r s . B e l l e

Sicher, Samuel A .

Sidenberg, Mrs . H e n r y

Sidenberg, William R .

Siegm an , Simon

S i l b e r s t e i n , A b r a h a m

Singer, Hen ry B .

Sloman , M .

S o l i n g e r , R a y C .

S o l i s , M i s s E l v i r a N .

Sondheim, Phineas

Sonneborn, Dr . F .

S p e y e r , J a m e s

S p i e g e l b e r g , G e o r g e C .

S p i t z , L e o p o l d

Stamm, Alfred Louis

Stein, Meyer A .

S t e i n , S .

S t e i n e r , H e r b e r t E .

S t e i n e r , M i l t o n S .

S t e r n , A l b e r t

S t e r n , A l b e r t

S t e r n , A r t h u r

S t e r n , D a v i d

Stern, Hen ry Root

S t e r n , M i l t o n

S t e r n , M r s . W i l l i a m

S t e r n b e r g , S a m u e l

S t e t t e n h e i m F o u n d a t i o n ,

Flora R . & I s i d o r M .

S t i e f e l , H e l e n S .

S t i e g l i t z , M r . & M r s . A l b e r t

S t i x , S y l v a n L .

Stone, N . I .

Straus, Harry H .

Straus, Hugh G rant

Straus, Roger W .

* S t r a u s s , C h a r l e s



S t r a u s s , M r s . D a i s y R .

S t r a u s s , D r . I s r a e l

S t r a u s s , L e w i s L .

S t r a u s s , M r s . S . J .

Stroock, Mrs . P a u l i n e S .

Stroock, Sol M .

S u l z b e r g e r , A r t h u r H a y s

Sulzberger, Mrs . C y r u s L .

Sulzberger, David Hays

Sulzberger, Nathan

Sundhe imer, W . A .

S u r u t , L o u i s

Sussman, William S .

Tas, Emile

Taussig, Mrs . Noah W .

Toch, MaxTrachman , Morris

Trencher, Bernard

T r o u n s t i n e , L e w i s J .

Uhry, Mrs . R o s e

Unger, Harry W .

* U n t e r b e r g , I s r a e l

Van Raalte, Benjamin

Veith, Mrs . F . F .

Vineberg, Hiram N .

Vogel, Edwin C .

* V o g e l s t e i n , L u d w i g

V o r h a u s , L o u i s J .

Wachen heim, Edgar

Wachenheim, Robert J .

Wachman, J . M .

Waldman, Morris D .

W a l l a c h , C h a r l e s

Waller, Jerome

W a l l e r s t e i n , L e o

Wallerstein, Leo & Max

Wallerstein, Max

Warburg, Felix M .

W a s s e r v o g e l , I s i d o r

Waterman, Edmund

W e i l , C h a r l e s S .

Weil, Mr . & M r s . Sumner

Weill, Max

Weinberg, Sidney J .

Weiner, Mrs . D a v i d

Weisman, Milton C .

*Deceased

List o f Sust ai n i n g Mem b e r s

W e i s s , J . S .

W e l s , I s i d o r

Wertheimer, Leon G .

Wilensky, A . 0 .

W i l e y , L o u i s

W i l l e t t , G e o r g e

W i l l e t t , M e y e r

W i l l s t a t t e r , M r s . A .

*Wimpfheimer, Charles A .

Wolbarst, Dr . A . L .

Wolf, Abraham

Wolf, Frank

Wolf, Simson

Wolff, Mrs . J . R .

Wolff, Jerome

Wolff, Mrs . Meyer

Wolfinsohn, Mrs . W o l f e

Wolfson, T .

Wollma n, H e nr y

Wollman, William J .

Women's Branch Union of

Orthodo x Syn agogues

Women's League of Un ited

Synagogues

Yankauer, Alfred

Ya nkau er, Max

Younker, Ira M .

Z a l i e l s , M a x

Z o b e l , F r e d e r i c k C .

Brooklyn

B a c h r a c h , C l a r e n c e G .

B e r st e i n , B .

B i l d e r s e e , M i s s A d e l e

Block, Alexander

Blum, Robert E .

Brooklyn Jewish Committee

Brown, Desmond

C e l l e r , E m a n u e l

Franks, Hyman S .

Germain, L .

Greene, D .

Greenstone, Meyer

Groden, Morris

Hamburger, Louis

J a s o n , A l f r e d H .

J a f f a , C h a r l e s

Kiss, M .

16 7







1 70 The American Jewish Committ ee

B a k r o w , J u l e J .

Benjamin, Morris

Cohen, Morris

Cohn, H erma n C .

Cohn, H erman M .

Crame r, B . A .

E d e l s t e i n , S i m o n

E p s t e i n , M i s s M i n n i e

F i r e s t o n e , S .

Forman, B .

Garson , L. M .

Germanow, H erman

G l a s e r , J e r o m e

Harris, Harry Z .

Hess, Mr . & M r s . G e r a l d

Heuman n, Sol

Hy man, Alfred H .

Katz, Mrs . A . J .

Klonick, Harry

K o c h e n t h a l , J e s s e

Kolio, H .

Krause, Eugen e

L e i t e r , H a r r y

Lerne r, Macy L .

Levy , H . J .

Lowen thal, Eugene M .

Mannheimer, Ike

Markus, Charles W .

Meyers, Jacques L .

Meyers, Walter S .

M i c h a e l s , J o s e p h

Neisner, Joseph M .

Samuelsohn, Hen ry

Segal, Harry

S i l v e r s t e i n , J o s e p h E .

Simon , Mrs . F l o r e n c e

Spanel, A .

S t e i f e l l , M rs . Simon

Stein, Simon N .

Stern, Hen ry M .

Stern , M . A .

W e i s s , M i s s E s t h e r

W i l e , J u l i u s M .

W i l e y , J u l i a n

S c a r s d a l e

G i p s , W a l t e r F .

T r a g e r , J . G a r f i e l d

Wolff, Mr . & M r s . S a m u e l F .

Schen ectady

Graubart, Maurice B.

G r o s b e r g , J o s e p h E .

L u r i e , L e w i s

S u f f e r n

G o l d b u r g , L o u i s

Syracuse

Grossma n, Lionel 0 .

S e r l i n g , H a r r y

R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , T e m p l e S o c i e t y

S y r a c u s e J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n

Troy

Alexander, Milton

Beth-El Brotherhood

B u t l e r , H . H .

Utica

Abelove, Barney

Abelson, Barney

Brown, Louis

Copeland, David

Freedman, Miss Sara

Goodman, Harold

G r e e n , C h a r l e s

Gross, Nathan

Grossman, B . C .

Hanen, John

Jacobson , Edward

Jewish Community Counc ilKatzman, Nathan

Kowalsky, H . E .

Kowalsky, Louis

Kowalsky, Robert

Lewis, H . Myron

Lichtma n, E . A .

Lichtman , Max

Markson , Samuel

S a m u e l s , J o s e p h

S i t r i n , C h a r l e s

S i t r i n , C h a r l e s T .

Sitrin, Hy man

S l a t e r , H . S a m u e l

Sonn eborn, Herman

T o f f i e r , B e r n a r d

Vyner, A. L .



L i s t of S u s t a i n i n g Mem b e r s 1 7 1

Watertown

Lebov sky, Edward H .

West Alban y

Rosenstock, Sidney M .

White Plains

Aronson, Jacob

B u r s t e i n , B e n j a m i n

Doernberg, Dudley D .

G r i n b e r g , J . P .

Jewish Community Cente r

Kempner, Alan H .

Lewis, Edward

P o l l o c k , J o e

Tann enbaum, Samuel W .

NORTH CAROLINABurgaw

Highsmith, Emmett

Margolis, H .

Goldsboro

Commun ity

Weil, Mrs . Henry

W e i l , L i o n e l

Greensboro

Commun ity

Cone, H erman

Con e, Mrs . J e a n e t t e

M o u n t Airy

S c h a f e r , M r s . R

S t a t e s v i l l e

Wallace, Sigmund

Wilmington

Block, William

NORTH DAKOTABismarck

R i g l e r , C h a r l e s

Mill, W .

Fargo

Bachenheimer, Hugo

G o l d b e r g , J a k e

G o l d b e r g , L o u i s P .

Goldbe rg, Max

K a u f m a n , M .

S i e g e l , M a t t

Wilk, Herman

Wilk, M . A .

Devils Lake

S g u t t , S . B .

Minot

OHIOAkro n

Alexander, Dav id

Guren, S. B .

B e l l a i r e

Axelrod , Simon

Bucyrus

Enge lhard, M .

Can ton

Cohen , Ernest H .

Luntz , A. M .

W i l k o f f , M o r r i s

C i n c i n n a t i

Jewish Welfare Fund

Johnson, Samuel J .

M i n s t e r , L . R

Rosenthal, George W .

Cleveland

Jewish Welfare Fund

Colum bus

Joint Fund

L a z a r u s , F r e d , J r .



1 7 2 The American Jewish Committ ee

L a z a r u s , R o b e r t

Lazarus, Simon

Meisner, SimonSumne r, Samuel N .

Z i e g e r , H a r r y

Day ton

A d l e r , C . C .

Adler, M . L .

A d l e r , R . C .

Cohn, H arry E .

Cramer, N orman

E i s e n b e r g e r , I.

Lehman, Bern ard

*Lehman, Har ry

L e s s n e r , J o s e p h M .

Newsalt, T . A .

Rauh, Ed

Rauh, Elmer

Sanders, Nathan

T h a l , S . H .

Hamilton

Koh n, Myro n D .

S p r i n g f i e l d

Commun ity

J a f f a , S a m

S t e u b e n v i l l e

F r e i f i e l d , S a m u e l

Toledo

B a s c h , S y l v a i n

B i l l s t e i n , H . H .

Bloch, Henry B .

C a r v a l h o , L e s l i e

C r o n s t i n e , D r . Monroe

E d e l s t e i n , S o l

E p p s t e i n , J o s e p h

E p p s t e i n , L o u i s

Farber, Eugene

F r a n k , I r v i n g S .

Gerson , Sam

Goldman, Leo J .

J e w i s h R e l i e f C o m m i t t e e

*Deceased

Kaplin, Thomas L .

Kobacker, Jerome

Kobacker's

Lemper t, M. H .

Levison, Harry

Newmeyer, Leroy

Reuben , Al E .

Sang er, Sigmund

S c h r e i b e r , C o r n e l l

Skutch, William G .

S m i t h , O s c a r J .

Wiener, Herman

Z e c k h a u s e r , J u l i u s

Z i e g l e r , A l f r e d

Youngstown

Frankle, Mose

Jewish Welfare Campaign

K l i v a n s , J a c o b

Levinson , Harry

L e v i s o n , R i t t e r

Moyer, Morris

OKLAHOMAArdmo re

A r d m o r e F e d e r a t e d C h a r i t i e s

Westheimer, Max

Atoka

Zweigel, A .

B a r t l e s v i l l e

May, Ann a

B r i s t o w

L o e f l f e r , L o u i s

Chickasha

High, S. S .

L e v i n e , B e n

M i l l e r , C h a r l e s I .

R a i z i n , S .

S p i t z e r , P a u l



List o f Sustainin g Mem b e r s 1 7 3

Coalgate

Vogel I . , & S o n s

Zweigel, Mr .

D u n c a n

R o l i n o w i t z , B e n

Eni d

Council of Jewish Women

E s k i n , J o s e p h

Herzberg, A .

E r i c k

B l o n d s t e i n , S a m

F r a n k , C h a r l e s

Frank, Harry B .

Hinton

S e i g l e , M o r r i s

I d a b e l

Fine, M .

W i e s e n f e l d , M o r r i s

Lawto n

Zak, Ralph

McAleste r

Weitzenhoff er, Aaron M .

W e i t z e n h o f f e r , I . I.

Weitzenhoffer, M. M .

Weitzenhoffer Bros .

Muskogee

Flamm, William

May Bros .

McEntee , Mrs . J . M . , S r .

Sondheimer, Samuel

N o r m a n

Court, N .

Oklahoma City

B a r n e t t , B e n

Barth, Edwin

Barth, Mrs . L e n a

B a r t h , L e o p o l d

B e r n s t e i n , J e r o m e

B e r n s t e i n , S . K .

B l a t t , J o s e p h

B l o c h , J u l e s

Bravo, Sam

B u t k i n , L .

B y e r s , P a u l

Coplan , A. J .

Davis, Dave

D a v i s , W i l l i a m

Dreyfus, A .

Englesman , A . D .

Fagin Bros .

Fine, M .

F i s h e r , R o b e r t

Fishman, C. J .

Gerson, Harry

G o l d f a i n , E .

Goldfarb, George

Gordon, Abe

Gordon, Harry

Gordon, Sam

Greenberg, Myer

Greenberg, Ted

H a r t , O t t o

Hecker, Harry

Heiman, Al I . & H e r b e r t J .

Herman, S . H .

Herskowitz, E. N .

Herskowitz, Harry

Herskowitz, N . D .

Hers kowitz Estate, Max

Hipsh, M .

H i r s c h l a n d , B e n

Horwitz, L . J .

J a c o b s o n , J .

Kamber, Milton & Louis

Kopp, Mrs . H .

Krouch, J .

Lehrman , J . H .

L e v i , E . N .

Levin e, N .

Levy, Harry

L e w i s , W i l l i a m

Lieberman, Paul

Lowens tein, M .



1 7 4 The American J ewish Committee

M a r i z o n , J .

May, Ben

Mendel, A .

Mulmed, B .

Muroff, Mr .

Myer, Mrs . J o s e p h

Naman, Mrs . E d

Paul, Gus A .

Paul, H .

P o l l o c k , L . L .

R o s e n f i e l d , M r s . H .

R o s e n f i e l d , J o e l

R o s e n f i e l d , L o u i s

R o s e n f i e l d , M a x

R o s e n t h a l , A l

R u b i n , I .

Sanditen, H .

Schinwald, Dav e

Schon wald, Morris

S c h w a r t z , J .

Simon, H arry

S i n g e r , S . J .

Standa rd Food Markets

Ta ne nbau m, Mrs . J o s i e

Taubaum, A .

T e l l e r , H . J .

Warsaski, David

Warshawer, M . W .

Wolff, H . P .

Okrnulgee

S h e f f e l , N a t h a n

Perry

G o t t l i e b , M .

G o t t l i e b , R .

L o b s i t z , J a m e s

Ponc a City

G a l l a n t e r , J . G .

G o l d e n s t e i n , J .

Shure, M . B .

Sapulp a

Katz Dept . S t o r e

Shawn ee

Kamenesky, Jake

S t i l l w a t e r

K a t z , J .

Tulsa

Appleman, Nathan

H e r s h k o w i t z , I . M .

Weatherford

Kramer, Ben H .

Soloway , M .

PENNSYLVANIAP h i l a d e l p h i a

A d l e r , C y r u s

A l l m a n , J u s t i n P .

American Philanthropic

A s s o c i a t i o n

Amram, Dav id W .

Ancker , Lawren ce L .

A t c h i c k , I s a a c

Behrend, Moses

Berkowitz, Leon L .

B e r n s t e i n , R o b e r t M .

B i l l i k o p f , J a c o b

Blauner, Harry

B l o c h , A r t h u r

Blumenthal, Hart

Blumenthal, Mrs . R e b e c c a

Brau de, H e nr y W .

Brav, Aaron

Bryla wski, Edward

C a s s e t t , L . N .

Cohen , A . J .

C o h e n , I s r a e l

C o n g r e g a t i o n B e t h E l

Cushman , Edward H .

Drob, Morris

Eichholz , Adolph

Ellerman , Sidney

E l l i s , A . M .

Elmaleh , L. H .

F e l s , M a u r i c e

Fer nberger, H erma n W .



F l e i s h e r , A r t h u r A .

Fox, Charles Edwin

Frank, Martin

F r i e d m a n , L i o n e l

Friedman, Samuel

Friedman, Samuel P .

G e r s t l e y , M r s . H .

G e r s t l e y , I s a a c

G e r s t l e y , L o u i s , J r .

G e r s t l e y , S a m u e l

Goldburgh, Harold L .

Golder, Benjamin M .

G o l d s m i t h , K a t h e r i n e

G o l d s t e i n , J o s e p h

Gordon, A .

Grand Lodge Judaic Union

G r a y , J . M a u r i c e

G r e e n s t o n e , J u l i u s H .

Gross, Harry

Grossman, Samuel

Hagedorn, Joseph H .

H a r Zi o n Te m p l e

H a s s l e r , I s a a c

H e i d e l b e r g e r , L o u i s

Hirsh, Harry B .

Henly, Elkan

Kapp, David

Katz, Simon

K a t z e n b e r g , L u c i e n

K a t z m a n , M a x

Kind, Mrs . I d a

K i n d , P h i l i p

Klein, Alfred M .

Klein, Eugene

K o c h , I . M .

Kohn, Bernard

Kohn, Irving

Kohn, Joseph

Langfeld, William L .

L e v i n t h a l , L o u i s E .

L e v y , H o w a r d S .

L e v y , L i o n e l F .

L i c h t e n s t e i n , M a y e r

Lieberman, Albert H .

L i f t e r , M r s . J o s e p h J .

Loeb, Adolph

Loeb, Arthur

L o e b , H o w a r d A .

List o f Su s t a i n i n g Members 175

L o e b , M i c h a e l

Loeb, Oscar

L o e w e n b e r g , S a m u e l A .

L o e w e n s t e i n , S i d n e y

Markovitz Bros .

M a t u s o w , H a r r y

Mayer, Clinton O .

Mazer, Charles

Miller-Faggen, Mrs . J e n n i e H .

M i t o s k y , J o s e p h

N eum a n , A b r a h am A .

Nusbaum, Harry _

Obermayer, Leon J .

Paley, Samuel

P e p B o y s - M a n n y - M o e - J a c k

P f a e l z e r , M r s . Frank A .

P i n k u s , M a x

P o l l o c k , M i s s H e n r i e t t e S .

Reform Congregation

K e n e s e t h I s r a e l

Riesman, David

Robinson, Harry A .

Rosen, Theodore

Rosenbaum, Heinrich

Rosenfeld, A . L .

R o s e n w a l d , L e s s i n g J .

R o s e w a t e r , V i c t o r

R o s s k a m , E m m a

Rosskam, Lester G .

Rosskam, William B .

S c h l e s s , R o b e r t A .

Schneyer Clothing Co .

S c h o r r , G e o r g e J .

S c h o r r , H e n r y W .

S e l i g , B e r n a r d

S e l i g , E l y K .

S e l i g , E m i l

S e l i g , S o l

S i c k l e s , S o l o m o n

S o l i s - C o h e n , J . , J r .

S o l i s - C o h e n , S .

Solms, Albert M .

S p e c t o r , M a u r i c e

S t e r n , B e r n h a r d

S t e r n , M i s s B e r t h a

S t e r n , M r s . D e b b i e L .

S t e r n , H o r a c e

S t e r n , H o w a r d E .



1 76

S u n s t e i n , L e o n C .

T rum p e r , M a x

V a n S t r a a t e n , A l e x

Walter, Simon

W e b e r , D a v i d

W e i n t r a u b , J u l i u s

W e y l , J u l i u s S .

W e y l , M a u r i c e N .

W hite, Abe

W o l f , M r s . A l b e r t

Wolf, Clarence

Wolf, David J .

* W o l f , E d w i n

W o l f , M r s . F e d o r a

W o l f , H o w a r d A .

Wolf, Louis

Wolf, Morris

Wolf, Walter L .

Wurzel, Maurice L .

Allentown

Benioff, Herman

B r o n e , S . S .

F r a e n k e l , J u l i u s

G o t t l i e b , M o r i t z M .

H a l t z e l , H e n r y S .

Hess, Mrs . M a x

Kauffmann, Mitchell

L e o n a r d , J o s e p h

M a r k o w i t z , S a m u e l

Samuels, Mrs . A .

Samuels, Jay M .

Smith, Samuel

S u b i n , L o u i s

Altoona

Cohn, Benjamin

S c h e e l i n e , I s a i a h

B e a v e r F a l l s

Solomon, Moses

B u t l e r

B e r m a n , M . A .

Horwitz, William

C h e s t e r

Speare Bros .

' Deceased

The Am e r i ca n Jeu r i s h C omm i t t e e

C o a t e s v i l l e

G o l d b e r g , J . & C o .

Crafton

H e r m a n , J .

Danville

M a r k s , B . L .

Duquesne

Levine Bros .

Easton

Mayer, Jacob

E l k i n s P a r k

F l e i s h e r , M r s . Horace T .

H i r s c h , L o u i s A .

S l o s s , M a r g a r e t F .

E r i e

C o m m u n i t y

M e y e r s , J a c o b

Fredericktown

A u s t i n , J .

F i n d l e & F i n d l e

G r o s s , R .

Kopelson Bros .

L a z o b i k , S .

M o s k o v i t z & B r o w n

Rosenthal,M .

S i l v e r b l a t t , S .

S i m o n , I .

Ziskind & Brown

Harrisburg

German Jewish Relief

Hazleton

R i f k i n , I s a d o r e

L a n c a s t e r

P i r o s h , W i l l i a m

Salomon, Saul

S t e i n , B . D .



Lansford

K u t l e r , R e u b e n

Leechburg

Braun, Harry

Lehighton

Rauscher, Emanuel

M c K e e s p o r t

Buck, William

H i r s h b e r g , J . & C o .

Kaplan, R. E

.

Kolkstone, Samuel

Levine, Herman

Ruben, Joseph H .

Samuels, Harry P .

S h r o d e r , M o r r i s

Union Clothing Co .

M o u n t U n i o n

S h a p i r o , J . S . & S o n

Palmerton

P h i l i p , H a r r y

P i t t s b u r g h

Aaron, Marcus

B a e r , J u l i u s

Bash, Henry

B a u m , H u g o

B l u m , M a x L .

B u c k s t e i n , S o l

C o h n , M r s . C a r r i e

E l l m a n , L o u i s

F r a n k , M r . & M r s . H . I .

F r a n k , R o b e r t J .

Goldsmith, Mrs . S a m u e l B .

Grafner, Emanuel

K a n n , S t a n l e y J .

K a u f m a n n , M r s . B e t t y W .

K a u f m a n n , M r . & M r s . K a r l J .

Klee, William B .

K l e i n , S . S .

Labowitz, David

L e h m a n , M r . & Mrs . I r v i n F .

Loeb, Frank S .

Neam a n , M o r r i s

L i s t o f S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s

N o l a n , M a r k H .

R au h , M a r c u s

Shermer, Frank J .

S i m o n , I . A .

S t e i n b e r g , M r . & M r s .

B e n j a m i n L .

S t r a s s b u r g e r , E u g e n e B .

S t r a s s b u r g e r , H a r v e y S .

T e l l e r , S i d n e y A .


Wertheimer, Miss Ella

R a n k i n

W e b e r , M o r r i s B .

R e a d i n g


R e n o v o

S c h w a r t z , M i s s C e l i a E .

Scranton

United Jewish Committee

S h e f f i e l d

E p s t e i n , L e v i

T o w a n d a

T o w a n d a W h o l e s a l e C o .

Wilkes Barre

Bravman, Philip

C o m m u n i t y

Feinberg, Harry

L a n d a u , H e r m a n

S i l v e r b l a t t , J .

U n i t e d J e w i s h A l l i a n c e

Weitzenkorn, J . K .

RHODE ISLANDProvidence

Abrams, Saul

B e r g e r , I .

Braude, William G .

F e l d e r , J a c o b I .

G a r f i n k e l , I .

Silverman Bros .

1 7 7



1 78

SOUTH CAROLINAC a m d e n

Kirschner, Mr . & M r s . D .

C h a r l e s t o n

Loeb, Mrs . L e e

St. Mathews

P e a r l s t o n e , S h e p

Spartanburg

C o m m u n i t y

G r e e n w a l d , I . H .

S u m t e r

Barnett, Mr . & M r s . H . D .

Moise, L . C .

Sumter Temple Sinai

TENNESSEEM e m p h i s

A b r a h am B r o s .

E t t l e s o n , H . W .

F r i e d l a n d e r , S .

Jewish Welfare Fund

K a p l a n , M a x

Menke, J . B .

M e t z g e r , O t t o

N a s h v i l l e

C o m m u n i t y

TEXASB r o w n s v i l l e

Kowalski, B . L .

Dallas

Bromberg, Henri L .

F l o r e n c e , F . F .

J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n f o r

S o c i a l S e r v i c e

Linz, Simon

El Paso

B a r n e t t , H a r r y

Blaugrund, Eddie

Blaugrund, Henry

B l a u g r u n d , J . B .

T he Amer ic a n J e w i s h C ommit t e e

Coblentz, M .

E l P a s o J e w i s h R e l i e f S o c i e t y

E r l i c h , I .

G i v e n , C h a r l e s

H i r s c h b e r g , I .

Krohn, Ed . H .

Mathias, A .

Potash, H .

Roth, Joseph M .

Schwartz, Ervin H .

Schwartz, Maurice

S t e r n g l a n z , E l i a s

Weinstein, R

W e i s s , I .

W i s bu r n , E d .

Z i e l o n k a , M a r t i n

F o r t W o r t h

Friedman, Harry B .

Council of Jewish Women

Mehl, B . Max

M i l l e r , H . H .

S c h w a r z , E d w i n G .

S i m o n , M . M .

Galveston

B l o c k , J u l e s

B o d a n s k y , M .

Burka, Morris E .

C o h e n , H e n r y

C o h e n , R o b e r t I .

Davidson, H . E .

Feldman, Louis H .

K em p n e r , H .

Levy, Adrian

L e v y , J . M .

L i o n , A l p h o n s e

N e e t h e , J o h n

S a s s , B e n

S e i n s h e i m e r , J .

S e i n s h e i m e r , J . F .

S w i f f , J a c o b

W e i l l , M r s . M e l l a

H o u s t o n

C o m m u n i t y

J a r e t t , R o b e r t S .

Schnitzer, Max

Weingarten, J .



M a i e r , S .

P a m p a

F i n ke l s t e i n , D . A .

S a n A n t o n i o

C o m m u n i t y

Halff, Mrs . H e n r y

Oppenheimer, J . D .

S h a r l a c k , L o u i s

Tyler

C o m m u n i t y

Wadel, Burnett

Waco

P a l e s t i n e

Y o u n g J u d e a

UTAHBamberger, Julian M .

Marcus, Louis

O t t e n h e i m e r , A l b e r t

R o s e n b l e e t , N a t h a n

VIRGINIAB e r r y v i l l e

Scheuer, Harold L .

Nor f o l k

A l t s c h u l , H .

R i c h m o n d

E l s n e r , S o l

G a l e s k i , M r s . S .

K a u f m a n n , I .

Raab, Henry S .

R a a b , M e r r i l l E .

S t e r n , S i d n e y L .

S t r a u s e , M a u r i c e L .

Thalhimer, William B .


WASHINGTONS e a t t l e

C o o p e r , I s a a c

Gerber, Maurice

G r u n b a u m , O . S .

K o c h , S a m u e l

Kreielsheimer, Max

L i s t o f S u s t a i n i n g Members

L a n g , R E .

Lipman, David

Ne w b e r g er , M . W.

Rosenberg, Emanuel

S h e m a n s k i , A l b e r t

Shemanski, Alfred

S t e r n , L . M .

W e n a t c h e e

Neubauer, N . I .

WEST VIRGINIAC h a r l e s t o n

Frankenberger, Max

C h a r l e s To w n

S i l v e r s t e i n , A . P .

H u n t i n g t o n

S a m s o n , S a m u e l

W h e e l i n g

Horkheimer, Louis

WISCONSING r e e n B a y

A b r o h a m s , B .

Baum, Cecil

M a d i s o n

Ellman, Ben L .

M i l w a u k e e

F r i e d l a n d e r , A . J .

G o t t s c h a l k , M a x W .

P a t e k , A r t h u r J .

Rosenberg, Armin

S a l z s t e i n , A . L .

S c h u s t e r , B . L .

S u r e , J u l i u s H .

S h e b o y g a n

F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s

FOREIGNK e i t h , S y d n e y ,

M e l b o u r n e , A u s t r a l i a

S t e i n e r , J a m e s ,

Honolulu, H . I .

179



CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS

A l a b a m a

C o n g r e g a t i o n E m a n u e l , B i r m i n g h a m

G e r m a n E m e r g e n c y F u n d , B i r m i n g h a m

C o n g r e g a t i o n B ' n a i S c h o l e m , H u n t s v i l l e

C o m m un i t y o f M o b i l e

Jewish Federation, Montgomery

A r i z o n a

Congregation Adath Israel, Douglas

Arkansas

F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s , L i t t l e R o c k

C a l i f o r n i a

United Jewish Welfare Fund, Oakland

Jewish National Welfare Fund, San Francisco

Connecticut

Emanuel Brotherhood, Hartford

C o n g . B e t h I s r a e l , H a r t f o r d

Temple Sisterhood Cong . B e t h I s r a e l , H a r t f o r d

Congregation, Mishkan Israel, New Haven

C o m m u n i t y o f N e w L o n d o n

United Jewish Committee, Waterbury

F l o r i d a

Community of Gainesville

Community of Jacksonville

Miami Joint Committee, Miami

A l l i e d J e w i s h C a m p a i g n , Ta m p a

G e o r g i a

A t l a n t a A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l , A t l a n t a

C o m m u n i t y o f A u g u s t a ,

J e w i s h C o m m u n i t y , M a c o n

United Jewish Drive, Savannah

I l l i n o i s

Au r o r a Y . M . H . A . , A u r o r a

Rosenwald Family Association, Chicago

S i n a i C o n g r e g a t i o n , C h i c a g o

1 8 1



1 8 2 T he Amer ic a n J e w i s h C ommit t e e

T e m p l e R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , C h i c a g o

Nor t h S h o r e C o n g . I s r a e l , G l e nc o e

I n d i a n a

F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s , F o r t W a y n e

J e w i s h W e l f a r e F u n d , I n d i a n a p o l i s

C o m m u n i t y o f Te r r e H a u t e

I o w a

C o m m un i t y o f D e s M o i n e s

United Jewish Appeal, Davenport

F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h S o c i a l S e r v i c e , S i o u x C i t y

K e n t u c k y

A d a t h I s r a e l R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , L o u i s v i l l e

U n i t e d J e w i s h C a m p a i g n , L o u i s v i l l e

Louisiana

Temple Sinai, Lake Charles

M a r y l a n d

Oheb Sholom Religious School, Baltimore

Massachusetts

United Jewish Appeal, Boston

United Jewish Appeal, Lowell

Temple Beth El Sisterhood, Lynn

Worcester County United Appeal, Worcester

M i c h i g a n

Temple Beth-El, Alpena

J e w i s h W e l f a r e F e d e r a t i o n , D e t r o i t

M i n n e s o t a

U n i t e d J e w i s h A p p e a l , D u l u t h

M i n n e a p o l i s F e d e r a t i o n f o r J e w i s h S e r v i c e , M i n n e a p o l i s

Community of St . P a u l

M i s s i s s i p p i

C o m m u n i t y o f J a c k s o n

Missouri

Jewish Welfare Federation, Kansas City

J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n , S t . L o u i s

N e b r a s k a

Jewish Philanthropies, Omaha



C o n t r i b u t i n g O r g a n i z a t i o n s 1 8 3

New Hampshire

United Hebrew Charity, Berlin

F r a n k l i n J e w i s h O r g a n i z a t i o n s , F r a n k l i n

New Jersey

Bayonne Progressive Aid Assn . , B a y o n n e

J e w i s h C o u n c i l , E l i z a b e t h

J e w i s h C o m m u n i t y C e n t e r , S u m m i t

New York

E r i e C o u n t y L o d g e I O B A , B u f f a l o

N a t i o n a l C o u n c i l o f J e w i s h W o m e n , L i t t l e F a l l s

R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , T e m p l e S o c i e t y , S y r a c u s e

S y r a c u s e J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n , S y r a c u s e

Beth-El Brotherhood, Troy

Jewish Community Council, Utica

Jewish Community Center, White Plains

B a r o n d e H i r s c h F u n d , N e w Yo r k C i t y

B e a u m o n t Tr u s t , N e w Y o r k C i t y

C o n g r e g a t i o n E m a n u - E l , N e w Yo r k C i t y

C o n g r e g a t i o n R o d e p h S h o l o m , N e w Yo r k C i t y

Daniel & Florence Guggenheim Fo undation, New York City

Hebrew Sheltering & Immigrant Aid Society, New York City

Na t h a n H o f h e i m e r F o u n d a t i o n , N e w Y o r k C i t y

N e w Yo r k F o u n d a t i o n , N e w Y o r k C i t y

Flora R . & I s i d o r M . S t e t t e n h e i m F o u n d a t i o n , N e w Y o r k C i t y

W o m e n ' s B r a n c h U n i o n o f O r t h o d o x S y n a g o g u e s

W o m e n' s L e a gu e o f U n i t e d S y n a g o gu e s

Brooklyn Jewish Committee, Brooklyn

North Carolina

C o m m u n i t y o f G r e e n s b o r o

Community of Goldsboro

Ohio

Jewish Welfare Fund, Cincinnati

Jewish Welfare Fund, Cleveland

Joint Fund, Columbus

Community of Springfield

Jewish Relief Committee, Toledo

J e w i s h W e l f a r e C a m p a i g n , Y o un g s t o w n



1 8 4 T he Ame ri ca n Jewish C o m m i t t e e

Oklahoma

Ardmore Federated Charities, Ardmore

Council of Jewish Women, Enid

Pennsylvania

C o m m un i t y o f E r i e

German Jewish Relief, Harrisburg

A m e r i c a n P h i l a n t h r o p i c A s s o c i a t i o n , P h i l a d e l p h i a

C o n g r e g a t i o n B e t h - E l , P h i l a d e l p h i a

Grand Lodge Judaic Union, Philadelph ia

Har Zion Temple, Philadelphia

R e f o r m C o n g r e g a t i o n K e n e s e t h I s r a e l , P h i l a d e l p h i a

U n i t e d J e w i s h A p p e a l , P i t t s b u r g h

United Jewish Appeal, Reading

United Jewish Committee, Scranton

C o m m u n i t y o f W i l k e s B a r r e

United Jewish Alliance, Wilkes Barre

So ut h C a r o l i n a

C o m m u n i t y o f S p a r t a n bu r g

Sumter Temple Sinai, Sumter

Te n n e s s e e

J e w i s h W e l f a r e F u n d , M e m p h i s

Community of Nashvil le

T e x a s

J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n f o r S o c i a l S e r v i c e , D a l l a s

E l P a s o J e w i s h R e l i e f S o c i e t y , E l P a s o

Council of Jewish Women, Fort Worth

C o m m u n i t y o f H o u s t o n

C o m m u n i t y o f S a n A n t o n i o

C o m m u n i t y o f Ty l e r

Y o u n g J u d e a , W a c o

Virginia

United Jewish Appeal, Richmond

W i s c o n s i n

F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s , S h e b o y g a n



L e g a c i e s 185

LEGACIES

1921-Jac ob We r t h e im, New York C i ty1 , 0 0 0 . 0 0

1924- J a c o b H . S i m m o n s , S y r a c u s e , N . Y799 . 4 1

1929-Louis Marsha ll, New York City1 4 , 0 8 9 . 2 2

1932-Morris Abeles, Leavenworth, Kan500 . 0 0

1 9 3 4- M a x J . K o h l e r , N e w Y o r k C i t y500 . 0 0



Documents

The American Jewish Committee 28th Report 1935 174pgs REL