The American Jewish Committee Annual Report 1940 …€¦ · Samuel A. Herzog, Bernard Kohn, Mrs. William de Young Kay, Jacob Landau, Mrs. Irving Lehman, Horace Manges, ... Dr. Cyrus

THE AMERICAN

JEWISH COMMITTEE

THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT

1940

OBJECTS OF THE COMMITTEE

"The objects of this corporation shall be, to preventthe infraction of the civil and religious rights of Jews, inany part of the world; to render all lawful assistance andto take appropriate remedial action in the event of threat-ened or actual invasion or restriction of such rights, or ofunfavorable discrimination with respect thereto; to securefor Jews equality of economic, social and educationalopportunity; to alleviate the consequences of persecutionand to afford relief from calamities affecting Jews, whereverthey may occur; and to compass these ends to administerany relief fund which shall come into its possession orwhich may be received by it, in trust or otherwise, for anyof the aforesaid objects or for purposes comprehendedtherein."

—Extract from the Charter.

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEOfficers

President, CYRUS ADLERHonorary Vice-President, ABRAM I. ELKUS

„ . _ . , ( IRVING LEHMANVice-Presidents « . „ „

( Louis E. KIRSTEINTreasurer, SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF

Executive CommitteeCYRUS ADLER (1943)*1

Philadelphia, Pa.CARL J. AUSTRIAN (1942)

New York, N. Y.GEORGE BACKER (1943)

New York, N. Y.JAMES H. BECKER (1943)

Chicago, III.JOHN L. BERNSTEIN (1943)

New York, N. Y.DAVID M. BRESSLER (1943)

New York, N. Y.FRED M. BUTZEL (1941)

Detroit, Mich.LEO M. BUTZEL (1942)

Detroit, Mich.JAMES DAVIS (1941)

Chicago, III.ABRAM I. ELKUS (1943)

New York, N. Y.LEON FALK, Jr. (1942)

Pittsburgh, Pa.LOUIS FINKELSTEIN (1943)

New York. N. Y.PHILLIP FORMAN (1942)

Trenton, N, J.ELI FRANK (1943)

Baltimore, Md.MRS. M. L. GOLDMAN (1943)

San Francisco, Cal.HENRY ITTLESON (1943)

New York, N. Y.LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN (1941)

Boston, Mass.SIDNEY LANSBURGH (1942)

Baltimore,Md.ALBERT D. LASKER (1943)

Chicago, III.EDWARD LAZANSKY (1942)

Brooklyn, N. Y.FRED LAZARUS, Jr. (1941)

Columbus, OhioIRVING LEHMAN (1941)

New York, N. Y.SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF (1941)

New York, N. Y.SOLOMON LOWENSTEIN (1941)

New York, N. Y.

JAMES MARSHALL (1942)New York, N. Y.

LOUIS B. MAYER (1943)Culver City, Cal.

GEORGE Z. MEDALIE (1941)New York, N. Y.

LOUIS J. MOSS (1943)Brooklyn, N. Y.

MRS. DAVID DE SOLA POOL (1943)New York, N. Y.

JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER (1942)New York, N. Y.

MILTON J. ROSENAU (1941)Chapel Hill, N. C.

JAMES N. ROSENBERG (1942)New York, N. Y.

SAMUEL I. ROSENMAN (1942)New York, N. Y.

WILLIAM ROSENWALD (1942)Greenwich, Conn.

MURRAY SEASONGOOD (1942)Cincinnati, Ohio

JESSE H. STEINHART (1942)San Francisco, Cal.

EDGAR B. STERN (1942)New Orleans, La.

HORACE STERN (1943)Philadelphia, Pa.

ROGER W. STRAUS (1942)New York, N. Y.

LEWIS L. STRAUSS (1942)New York, N. Y.

SOL M. STROOCK (1943) ChairmanNew York, N. Y.

WILLIAM B. THALHIMER (1943)Richmond, Va.

FREDERICK M. WARBURG (1941)New York, N. Y.

SIDNEY J. WEINBERG (1942)New York, N. Y.

WILLIAM WEISS (1941)New York, N. Y.

MAURICE WERTHEIM (1943)New York, N. Y.

JOSEPH WILLEN (1942)New York, N. Y.

HENRY WINEMAN (1942)Detroit, Mich.

MORRIS WOLF (1942)Philadelphia, Pa.

Assistant SecretarySecretaryMORRIS D. WALDMAN HARRY SCHNEIDERMAN

Director, Educational DepartmentSIDNEY WALLACH

386 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.Cable Address, "WISHCOM, New York."

*The year given after each name ia the date on which member's term expires.i Deceased, April 7, 1940.

635

636 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING

January 21, 1940

The Thirty-Third Annual Meeting of the AmericanJewish Committee was held at the Hotel Astor, NewYork City, on January 21, 1940. Sol M. Stroock, Chair-man of the Executive Committee, called the meeting toorder.

The following Corporate Members were present:

Community Representatives

ILLINOISChicago: B. Horwich; James H. Becker; Frank Sulz-

bergerMARYLAND

Baltimore: Sidney LansburghMASSACHUSETTS

Holyoke: Benjamin F. EvartsNEW JERSEY

Jersey City: Harry Goldowsky; Aaron A. MelnikerNew Brunswick: Abraham Jelin

NEW YORKAlbany: Robert C. PoskanzerBuffalo: Herman WileNew York City: Carl J. Austrian; David M. Bres-

sler; Morris R. Cohen; William Fischman; ArthurJ. Goldsmith; Leo Gottlieb; Henry S. Hendricks;Maurice B. Hexter; Joseph B. Hyman; Stanley M.Isaacs; Joseph J. Klein; Arthur K. Kuhn; IrvingLehman; William Liebermann; James Marshall;Alexander Marx; Joseph M. Proskauer; HaroldRiegelman; Samuel Schulman; Bernard Semel; HughGrant Straus; Lewis L. Strauss; Sol M. Stroock

Syracuse: David M. Holstein

REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 637

PENNSYLVANIAPhiladelphia: Al Paul Lefton; B. L. Levin thai;

Horace SternRHODE ISLAND

Providence: Archibald SilvermanTEXAS

Houston: Max H. NathanVIRGINIA

Richmond: Edward N. CalischWISCONSIN

Madison: S. B. Schein

Members-at-Large

Edward S. Greenbaum, New York City; Herbert J.Hannoch, Newark, N. J.; Louis E. Kirstein, Boston,Mass.; Samuel D. Leidesdorf, New York City; WilliamRosenwald, New York City

Delegates from Affiliated Organizations

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH WOMEN'SORGANIZATIONS: Mrs. Herberts. Goldstein

BRITH SHOLOM: Frank E. BernsteinFREE SONS OF ISRAEL: Isaac G. SimonHADASSAH : Mrs. David de Sola PoolHEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF

AMERICA: John L. Bernstein; S. Dingol; Harry Fischel;Jacob Massel

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD : Joseph RosenzweigNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL WELFARE:

Solomon LowensteinNATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN: Mrs. Sophia M.

RobisonORDER OF UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS: Max E. Greenberg


UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS: BenjaminKoenigsberg; Isaac Strahl

UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA: Louis J. MossWOMEN'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH

CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA: Mrs. Jacob AwnerWOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA:

Mrs. David Kass; Miss Sarah Kussy; Mrs. SamuelSpiegelThere were also present the following guests:Louis Azrael, Baltimore, Md.; Mrs. James Becker,

Chicago, 111.; Philip Guedalla, London, England; Mrs.Abraham Jelin, New Brunswick, N. J.; Mrs. Max H.Nathan, Houston, Texas; Louis Schlesinger, Newark,N. J.; Charles E. Siegfried, Syracuse, N. Y.; and thefollowing from New York: Paul Baerwald, Robert M.Benjamin, Henry J. Bernheim, Elisha M. Friedman,Samuel A. Herzog, Bernard Kohn, Mrs. William de YoungKay, Jacob Landau, Mrs. Irving Lehman, Horace Manges,H. 'H. Nordlinger, A. J. Rongy, Richard C. Rothschild,Henry B. Singer, Alan M. Stroock, Max M. Warburg,Maurice Wertheim, and Miss Ethel H. Wise.


MORNING SESSION

Message from Dr. Cyrus Adler

The Chairman announced with regret the inability ofDr. Cyrus Adler, President of the Committee, to attendthis meeting, and requested the Assistant Secretary toread a telegraphic message which had been received fromDr. Adler. Upon motion, unanimously carried, the Chair-man was authorized to send a message to Dr. Adler,expressing the Committee's deep regret at his illness,appreciation for his inspiring greetings, and best wishesfor his speedy and complete recovery.

Presentation of Annual Report

The Secretary read the report of the Executive Com-mittee. (For text of Annual Report, see p. 643).

Statement on Poland

Mr. Joseph C. Hyman, Executive Vice-Chairman ofthe Joint Distribution Committee, gave a brief talk onpresent conditions in Poland, particularly as they affectthe problem of providing adequate relief to the Jews inthe territory occupied by German troops.

Report of Survey Committee

Mr. Richard C. Rothschild, Chairman, presented a talkon the work of the Survey Committee. At the presenttime the Survey Committee consists of Carl J. Austrian,Robert M. Benjamin, Alfred L. Bernheim, Mrs. Sidney C.Borg, Phillip Forman, Arthur J. Goldsmith, Edward S.Greenbaum, Harold K. Guinzburg, Adolph Held, Mrs.William de Young Kay, Samuel D. Leidesdorf, Henry A.Loeb, Solomon Lowenstein, Horace S. Manges, WalterMendelsohn, Victor S. Riesenfeld, David Rosenblum,Samuel I. Rosenman, William Rosenwald, Richard C.Rothschild, Ralph E. Samuel, Roger W. Straus, Lewis L.Strauss, Alan M. Stroock, David H. Sulzberger, Paul


Felix Warburg, Maurice Wertheim, Joseph Willen, MissEthel H. Wise; with Morris D. Waldman, ex-officio, andSidney Wallach, as director of the Educational Departmentof the Committee.

Discussion on Reports

The reports of the Executive Committee and of theSurvey Committee were then discussed by the memberspresent, and Messrs. Waldman and Rothschild replied toquestions from the floor. After discussion, upon motion,the Annual Report was unanimously adopted as read.

Corporate Membership

Upon motion, the Secretary was requested to cast oneballot for the nominees for Community Representativeswhose terms expired, as presented by the NominatingCommittee appointed by the President; and also for thenominees for Members-at-Large suggested by the Execu-tive Committee. He so did, and announced the electionof the several nominees. (See p. 658.)

Report of the Nominating Committee

Mr. Lewis L. Strauss, Chairman of the NominatingCommittee, appointed by the President to nominate suc-cessors to the officers and those members of the ExecutiveCommittee whose terms expire at this meeting and addi-tional members of the Executive Committee, submittedthe report of the Nominating Committee which consistedof the following:

Solomon Eisner, Hartford, ConnecticutLeo Gottlieb, New York CityJ. J. Kaplan, Boston, MassachusettsJoseph J. Klein, New York CityAl. Paul Lefton, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaWilliam Newcorn, Plainfield, New JerseyLewis L. Strauss, New York City, Chairman


Following is the report of the Nominating Committee:

"For Members of the Executive Committee, to servefor three years, we recommend the re-election of thefollowing:

Cyrus Adler, Henry Ittleson,Philadelphia New York City

George Backer, Albert D. Lasker,New York City Chicago

James H. Becker, Louis B. Mayer,Chicago Culver City, California

John L. Bernstein, Louis J. Moss,New York City Brooklyn, New York

David M. Bressler, Mrs. David de Sola Pool,New York City New York City

Abram I. Elkus, Horace Stern,New York City Philadelphia

Eli Frank, Sol M. Stroock,Baltimore New York City

Mrs. M. L. Goldman, William B. Thalhimer,San Francisco Richmond

"To fill vacancies on the Executive Committee, werecommend the following:

Louis Finkelstein, New York CityMaurice Wertheim, New York City

"For officers, we recommend the re-election of the pres-ent incumbents, namely:

For President Dr. Cyrus AdlerFor Honorary Vice-President.. . .Abram I. Elkus

E. T - T> -J . /Irving LehmanFor \>ice-Presvlents | L o u i s E . KirsteinFor Treasurer Samuel D. Leidesdorf."

Upon motion, the report of the nominating committeewas adopted and the Secretary was requested to cast oneballot for the nominees of the nominating committee,which he did, and announced the election of the severalnominees.


LUNCHEON SESSION

Judge Irving Lehman presided at the luncheon session.Mr. Philip Guedalla, distinguished British author, pre-sented a brief talk. The session then continued with dis-cussion of the work of the Committee.

Upon motion, adjourned.

MORRIS D. WALDMANSecretary


ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE

To the Members of the American Jewish Committee:

For the second time in the history of the Committee,we meet but a few months after the outbreak of a majorEuropean conflict. Like its predecessor, the war is boundto affect the lives and to determine the destiny of millionsof human beings, including half of our brethren who livein the countries directly or indirectly involved. The dis-astrous effects of the war on the Jews of Central andEastern Europe, intensely tragic as it is, is a part of acalamity almost world-wide in its scope. Happily, ourcountry is not a party in this conflict. Convinced as weare of the futility of war, knowing as we do its incalculablematerial and moral costs, we hope and pray it may bepossible for our country to remain at peace.

Poland

The resistance offered by Poland against vastly superiorforces was gallant but futile, and that unhappy countryonce again suffered the cruel fate of being deprived of itsindependence and being shared as booty by the successorsof those governments which had divided it several timesbefore.

Despite the absence of good will on the part of certainelements the Jews of Poland immediately rallied to thedefense of the country when the danger of foreign aggres-sion threatened. Competent observers have testified andpaid tribute to the bravery and heroism of Polish Jewishsoldiers, and the courage and endurance of the Jewishcivilian population.

Constituting as they did a large proportion of the resi-dents of the cities directly in the line of the German attack,Jews were conspicuously numerous among the victims, andthe property of Jews as well as their communal institutionswere hard hit by the fierce bombardment from artillery andairplanes. After the invasion, Nazi propaganda attempted


to turn Christian Poles against their Jewish fellow-citizensby charging that the latter were responsible for the resist-ance to Nazi demands which had led to the attack. ManyJewish citizens were falsely charged with having beensnipers or marauders in order to justify wanton acts ofalleged retaliation, with the result that German soldiers aswell as Polish civilians were incited to perpetrate acts ofviolence.

The present line of partition has placed approximatelyhalf of the Jews under Nazi, and the other half underSoviet rule. Thus, Nazi Germany, which adopted policiesintended to rid Germany of Jews, now has one and onehalf million more of them under its heel. The well-knownNazi techniques which have been applied first in Germanyproper, then in the Saar, and subsequently in Austria, inthe Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia, and in Memelland,are being applied with indescribable ferocity and ruthless-ness in German occupied Poland. Its 1,500,000 Jewishinhabitants are being robbed of all their belongings; strippedof their professions and businesses; condemned to forcedlabor amidst the debris of cities devastated by the militaryattack; segregated in Warsaw in districts wholly inadequateto house their number, almost double their pre-war 300,000,where over-crowding has for some time resulted in the out-break of epidemics.

At the same time, efforts are being made to generateenmity between Polish Jews and their Christian fellow-victims, and the Nazi authorities refuse not only to extendpublic relief to starving Jews, but also to permit neutralorganizations to do so. The fact that representatives ofthe neutral press of the world have not been permitted toenter Poland to report upon conditions is in itself an indi-cation of the state of affairs.

Under such conditions, the task of private relief agenciesis truly staggering. This task is made all the more difficultby mass population movements in which the wishes of thepersons directly concerned are not considered. In pursu-ance of a policy of ridding large sections of the occupiedterritory of non-German elements, the Nazis are expellingPoles and Jews from many towns. This is being done onsuch short notice that the victims are not given time to

REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 64S

take along the few wretched belongings they may stillpossess, with the result that they reach the destinationsarbitrarily assigned to them with nothing more than theclothing in which they were forced to depart.

The most cruel and inhuman of the Nazi policies arethose organized in pursuance of the Hitler plan to segre-gate so-called racial groups, each in an area to which it isto be willy-nilly restricted.

There has been no official announcement of the inten-tions of the Nazi regime, insofar as Jews are concerned,but there appears to be no doubt that a small, as yetundefined, area near Lublin is to become a Jewish province.The process of establishing this is already well on the way.From Austria and Czecho-Slovakia, have come reports oftrainloads of Jews being transported to the reservation.A beginning has been made in Germany proper with thetransfer of Jews of Polish nationality to the Lublin area.If this fantastic plan is carried out, it would mean thatthe 2,000,000 Jews now in Germany or in territories underGerman domination, would be confined in what would bea large concentration camp, where they would be doomedto degradation, misery and death.

In taking over a large portion of Poland's territory, theSoviet Union added about one and one-half million to itsJewish population of over two and one-half million. Suchmeagre reports as have reached the United States indicatethat, just as in territories newly-acquired by Germany, theNazi system is quickly applied, so in areas on the Russianside of the line of partition the Bolshevik system is but ashort step behind the military forces. These reports tellof such measures as the banning of religious teaching inJewish schools, of the complete closing of Hebrew schools,of the launching of an anti-religious campaign by theMoscow League of the Godless, of the over-crowding ofprisons with Jewish leaders, of the conversion of synagoguesand communal buildings into communist clubs, and of thedeportation of rabbis to interior cities. These are all partof the established Soviet pattern, to which the entire popu-lation, regardless of religion or origin, must be made toconform. Contrary to a popular misconception, Jews whowere formerly bourgeois or "capitalists" will be dealt with


in the same ruthless and despotic manner as Christians inthe same economic class; and the practice of Judaism, itsteaching to the young, and the maintenance of synagogueswill be made just as difficult as the practice and teachingof Christianity and the maintenance of churches.

Germany

The disaster which has overwhelmed the Republic ofPoland and a large section of its population, has drawnpublic attention away from the continuing calamity beingvisited upon the Jews of Germany and the territories ithas acquired. What of these people? At the outset itmust be emphasized that there is no ground for reportsthat Nazi persecution is showing signs of abating. Thereis certainly no basis in fact for the story which was circu-lated to the effect that refugee Jewish physicians had beeninvited to return to the Reich where they are to be re-admitted to their professions and have their confiscatedproperty restored to them. If anything, the Nazis havebecome even more willful, more cruel, more ruthless intheir persecution. Conditions are slightly better in theNazi protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia, only because ofthe opposition of large sections of the population to anti-Semitic policies; here, too, the situation is complicated bysporadic revolts against Nazi domination. In Slovakia, out-breaks of violence are of frequent occurrence. Here, also,Jews are being drafted for forced labor, and the businessesof Jews are being confiscated.

Other Countries

The situation of the Jews of Italy, wholly traceable toItaly's foreign policy, has not changed during the pastyear. Although a considerable number of Jews have beenexempted from the disabilities recently imposed, the pro-scriptive edicts remain in effect, as does the decree requir-ing the expulsion of all Jews who entered the country afterJanuary 1, 1919.

Also, largely as a result of international events andforeign pressure, the situation of the Jews of Hungary has


deteriorated. It has been estimated that the livelihoods ofvirtually all Jews now gainfully employed will be adverselyaffected within the next five years, as a result of the secondanti-Jewish law adopted in May, 1939, which became effec-tive in October last.

Although the pro-Nazi groups in Roumania were shornof their influence with the assumption by the King ofdictatorial power, yet the political and civil status of theJews remains a degraded one. Largely on technical grounds,tens of thousands of Jews have been deprived of theircitizenship, and thereby of their right to work, and arethreatened with expulsion from the country. The exclusionof Jews from membership in the front of National Renas-cence, the only legal party in the country, has virtuallydisfranchised the Jews of Roumania.

Tragic as these situations are, they are not entirely hope-less, for there is visible a glimmer of light, the beginningsof a resurgence of the democratic spirit, a more activestruggle to restore and maintain the ideals which representprogress and enlightenment. Leaders of the exiled govern-ments of Poland and Czecho-Slovakia have made solemndeclarations of their adherence to the doctrine of politicaland civil equality for all men regardless of race or creed.The head of the Roman Catholic Church has also vigor-ously insisted that civilization can be preserved only bythe restoration of the ideals of human equality and brother-hood which are nurtured and cherished by religion. Thesame thought has been expressed by leaders in both bel-ligerent and neutral countries.

RefugeesThe solicitude for the fate of refugees shown by many

outstanding publicists and statesmen is another hopefulsign. The European war has not only vastly increased thepotential number of refugees; it has also made it moredifficult to deal with those whose lot was the object ofinternational concern before the war broke out. The num-bers who can take refuge in the United States are of coursenot large; the quota permits only about 27,000 a year toenter our country from what is now Greater Germany.


Moreover, these new additions to our population, consti-tuting in all less than 7,000 wage-earners, have contributedsubstantially to the cultural and economic resources ofAmerica.

The difficulties resulting from the war have not entirelyparalyzed international efforts. The meeting in Washington,in October last, of the Intergovernmental Refugee Com-mittee, called by President Roosevelt, was an earnest ofthe determination of the governments constituting theCommittee to continue to give attention to the immediateproblem of helping individuals and families, now in coun-tries of temporary domicile, to find permanent homes assoon as possible. The attention to this problem shown byPresident Roosevelt and by Lord Winterton, the Chairman,Sir Herbert Emerson, the Director and Mr. Myron Taylor,the Vice-Chairman, of the Intergovernmental Committee;by Mr. James G. McDonald, the Chairman of the Presi-dent's Advisory Committee on Political Refugees, and byPaul van Zeeland, President of the Coordinating Founda-tion, and their energetic efforts, deserve the commendationand cooperation of all right-thinking men. The Foundationwas incorporated in London by members of this Committeeand other public-spirited men. The Washington meetingannounced that the Dominican Government and that ofthe Philippines had offered to open up their territories toa considerable number of refugees.

Palestine

Palestine continues to remain one of the outstandinghavens for refugees despite the political troubles whichretarded the progress of Jewish settlement for over threeyears. The failure of the London conferences, a year ago,was largely due to Arab insistence on the abrogation ofthe Balfour Declaration and the Mandate and on the set-ting up of an independent Arab State.

The British Government's plan for breaking the dead-lock, as laid down in the White Paper of May 17, 1939,was a disaster for Jewish aspirations in Palestine. By limit-ing and eventually stopping Jewish immigration and re-stricting the sale of land to Jews, the British plan virtually


closed the gates of hope to not only Jews who have lookedforward to finding in Palestine a refuge from oppression andmisery, but also to Jews who, attracted by religious andhistoric associations, wish to rehabilitate the land and estab-lish there a center for Jewish culture and religion.

Because of the outbreak of war in Europe, the effectu-ation of the provisions of the British policy appears tohave been temporarily suspended. There seems to be someground for hope that the course of events may open theway for a substantial modification of this policy. No singlefactor can contribute more to such a change than thedevelopment of a lasting mutual friendship between Arabsand Jews in Palestine. There are signs that, under thestress of the imperative need for self-defense against a com-mon threat, such mutual friendship and understanding aregrowing. Your Committee hopes that the leaders of bothcommunities in Palestine will persevere in efforts to achievegreater amity and cooperation.

Minorities Problem

There is no doubt that such a solution will be a boon toa large number of homeless Jews. Others of the homelesswill in time be helped to find new existences in other lands.But it is our hope that the present war will be followedby a just and righteous peace which will bring to an endthe wrongs and injustices which have uprooted multitudesfrom the lands of their birth or adoption and make theirrecurrence impossible. The vital importance of securingequal rights for all men, regardless of their religion or theirancestry, is recognized by all scholars and statesmen whoare giving thought to the foundations on which a just anddurable world peace can be established. In his ChristmasEve address, last month, to the twenty-five cardinals resid-ing in Rome, Pope Pius XII cited "the real needs and justdemands of nations and peoples as well as of ethnicalminorities," as one of the five "fundamental points of ajust and honorable peace."

The Nazi plan for ethnological segregation is a completereversal of the natural historical process under which allindividuals, regardless of ancestry or creed, had acquired


complete equality as to free choice of domicile; and coun-tries were becoming more and more political units, includingwithin their boundaries individuals of diverse religious andnational origins. Civilized society has been making rapidprogress in meeting this changed situation. The problemof harmonious living together of persons belonging to dif-ferent ethnic, linguistic and religious groups is far on theway to solution in the democratic countries of WesternEurope and of the American continent. Indeed, one of themost precious principles of the democratic form of govern-ment is that of investing persons belonging to minority ele-ments in the population with the same rights and duties asthose of the majority.

An effort to solve the minorities problem in EasternEurope on the same principle of equality for all individualswas made after the World War in the so-called minoritiestreaties. This is not the time or the place to discuss thereasons for the lack of success of these efforts. But thereis no doubt that one of the reasons, perhaps the chief, wasthe exploitation of national minorities by their so-calledfatherlands for political purposes. The most flagrant exampleof such exploitation was Nazi Germany's stirring-up ofGermans in Austria, Czecho-Slovakia, Memel, and Danzigto revolt against the legally constituted governments ofthese states, in order to bring about the "peaceful" con-quest of territory.

This and similar factors made the system for the pro-tection of minorities ineffective. Its weaknesses and short-comings should be carefully studied by organizations inter-ested in the problem, which will undoubtedly be on theagenda of a future peace conference. Your Committee isat work on such a study.

United States

The Nazi-Soviet mutual assistance pact and the invasionof Poland which brought the war in its train, were violentshocks which served to clear the intellectual atmospherein the United States of misconceptions and fallacious ideas.These events incontestably proved that those observerswere correct who had warned the American people over


and over again that the anti-Jewish drive in Germany wasa smoke screen behind which the Nazis were making prepar-ations for an assault on civilization. Moreover, the Nazi-Soviet Pact smashed another pernicious idea which NaziGermany had spread, especially in the United States, withthe help of malicious trouble-makers and gullible fanatics.For years, even before 1933, the Nazis had posed as theuncompromising foes of communism. Hitler seized everyoccasion to lash out against communism and against theSoviet Union in the most vituperative terms, and boastedthat Germany was the world's champion against the spreadof Bolshevism. At the same time, while making communismhateful and Communist Russia dreaded and feared, heemployed the diabolical device of linking both up with Jewsin order to make them also the objects of hatred and fearand thus justify his campaign to exterminate the Jews.

The spectacle of Nazi Germany entering into an alliancewith a regime that it had so execrated and reviled exposedthe sham and hypocrisy of the Nazi attitude toward com-munism and exploded the lie of the much advertised Jewish-Communist link. The pact spread consternation in theranks of those rabble-rousers whose main stock-in-tradewas the charge that communism was a Jewish invention,and sent them scurrying about for face-saving explanationsin order to rally their followers who had dropped awayfrom their misleaders.

The general effect on American public opinion of thealliance of Red and Brown Bolshevism and the Hitler war,which the alliance had made possible, was to discredit boththe Nazi and Soviet regimes and everything associated witheither of them, including the Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda,so widely copied in the scribblings of American demagogues.This ignominious rout of the forces of darkness vividlyexposed the alien, un-American nature of both the agitationand the agitators who had worked so hard to rob theAmerican people of their faith in their own democraticinstitutions and to persuade them to exchange their attach-ment to freedom for totalitarian heresies. More and more,right-thinking Americans are coming to the conclusion thatanti-Semitic propaganda is simply a smoke-screen behindwhich the enemies of democracy can work most effectively.


There is a growing realization in the American mind thatit was such divisive forces which played no small part inplunging Europe into war; and that if America is to remainat peace, it must prevent such tactics from making head-way here. For, in the last analysis, group hatreds, by set-ting religion against religion, race against race, and classagainst class, are the seeds which, more than anything else,weaken a nation in the face of danger.

It is a gratifying fact that the realization of the perni-cious character of anti-Semitism came even before Sep-tember, 1939. Long before that time there were signs ofa spontaneous revolt within Christian ranks against thesemovements. In alliance with adherents of the German-American Bund, subversive organizations in New York andseveral other cities in the east sponsored the sale of scur-rilous periodicals by street-vendors who indulged in offen-sive remarks while crying their wares. The same organiza-tions held meetings on street corners, picketed radio stationsand their advertisers, and engaged in other anti-Jewishagitation.

It was natural that these disgraceful occurrences shouldoutrage the sense of decency and the religious sentimentsof conscientious Christians. Representative individuals andorganizations condemned these evidences of prejudice, anddenounced efforts to divide Americans along religious lines.Last June a group of leading Catholic intellectuals formeda committee actively to combat these manifestations. Manychurch bodies, notably the Federal Council of Churches ofChrist in America, professional, civic and labor organiza-tions, and social agencies such as the YMCA and theYWCA publicly condemned appeals to religious bigotry orgroup prejudice.

Moreover, the revelations made before the CongressionalCommittee to Investigate un-American Activities, underthe Chairmanship of Representative Martin Dies of Texas,served further to discredit the German-American Bund aswell as a group of native Jew-baiters who, it was disclosed,had secretly planned to establish a military dictatorshipin the United States. What may turn out to have been afatal blow to the Bund, was the recent conviction of itsFuehrer, Fritz Kuhn, as a common thief. Previously, a


leader of the so-called Christian Front, in New York City,had been arrested on the charge of accepting a bribe tocall off the picketing of a radio station, and investigationhad disclosed that not a few of those most active in the"Christian Front" and the "Christian Mobilizers" hadcriminal records. The recent sensational disclosure of thesubversive plans of persons closely associated with the"Christian Front" has given startling evidence of theextremes to which gullible persons can be driven by dema-gogic agitators.

It is an encouraging commentary on the loyalty ofAmericans to their democratic principles that even at itsheight, organized anti-Semitism, ominous as it was, neversucceeded in making serious inroads on American publicopinion. It is hopeful and reassuring that, in all the yearsof alien propaganda, of economic depression, and otherinternal causes of tension, anti-Jewish movements neversucceeded in becoming respectable. No prominent educator,no reputable newspaper, no author of standing, has, duringthese years, become an open advocate of Jew-baiting. Anti-Semitism has remained an underworld movement, disap-proved and condemned by American public opinion as awhole.

But though the influence of Nazi and allied agitation inthe United States may have been somewhat reduced, ithas not been destroyed. It is true that Nazi-inspired Jew-baiting has been thoroughly discredited and that there isground for gratification in the growing realization amongour fellow-citizens that it is a device for weakening thecountry's solidarity in preparation for the introduction oftyranny. Yet the experience of the past six years showsclearly the need for continuous vigilance by all who believein the preservation of the American way. We should notlose sight of the fact that there exist in this country eco-nomic and social factors which, in time of stress and strain,inspire individuals and groups which, for their own selfishinterests, exploit ignorance, bigotry, and prejudice in orderto promote distrust and hostility among American citizens.

Through the special sub-committee known as the SurveyCommittee, the American Jewish Committee has beenwatching and continues to follow closely the activities of


such individuals and groups. In pursuing this task, theCommittee has done its utmost to work in cooperationwith other American organizations, Christian and inter-denominational as well as Jewish. The General JewishCouncil, in which the American Jewish Congress, theB'nai B'rith, the Jewish Labor Committee, and theAmerican Jewish Committee are represented, has done aconstructive job in developing a common strategy in theattack on anti-Semitism, in eliminating duplication of effort,and in coordinating and making more effective many ofthe activities of the four constituent bodies. Since the out-break of war, the Council has been giving earnest study tothe possibilities of even closer cooperation among the con-stituent bodies and more intensive coordination of theirwork. Your Committee is hopeful that progress in bothdirections may be looked for in 1940.

Your Committee cooperates also with many other Jewishorganizations in this country and abroad, although theoutbreak of the war has made communication with sisterorganizations overseas more difficult. After having servedfor seven years, Mr. Neville Laski recently resigned fromthe Presidency of the Board of Deputies of British Jews,a body with which the American Jewish Committee, eversince its inception, but especially during Mr. Laski's leader-ship, has been in close touch. Your Committee desires torecord its grateful appreciation of the highly valuable andhelpful cooperation which it received from the JewishBoard of Deputies and from Mr. Laski personally, and itsregret at the loss to the Board of his effective leadership.We hope to continue to enjoy the cooperation of the Boardunder its new President, Professor Selig Brodetsky.

Your Committee has also kept in close touch with manylocal Jewish communities throughout the country, a num-ber of which have organized community councils or otheragencies to deal with local problems growing out of Jew-baiting agitation. Members of the Survey Committee andof the Professional staff paid visits to a number of thesecommunities. A field representative visited others, meetingwith their leaders, acquainting them with the procedures,and providing them with publications and other materials,which the Survey Committee had found to be effective in


improving inter-group relations. Another means adoptedby the Committee to advise and aid local communities,was the holding at the Committee's office of two seminarsfor professional community executives. At each of theseseminars, one of which lasted two weeks and the other aweek, the executives were given an intensive course of lec-tures and demonstrations which were helpful to them intheir work. Our staff, too, benefitted by the interchangeof views.

In one area of the work, expansion was deemed desirable.This was in the field of the collection and the disseminationof information. These had been functions of the AmericanJewish Committee since its inception, and during its thirty-three years the Committee has acquired a reputation forproviding accurate and objective information on Jewishtopics which it has made available to the public in theAmerican Jewish Year Book and other media. Throughoutthe Committee's history, especially during the past sixyears, the library and information files of the Committee,which had been kept stocked with books, periodicals,pamphlets and newspaper clippings on all subjects germaneto the Committee's work, have been consulted by students,public speakers and writers, many of whom also soughtthe advice and guidance of members of the staff. The infor-mation sources in the library are, of course, of greatestservice to the staff, who are continuously called upon toprepare materials needed for the work of the EducationalDepartment, and for the American Jewish Year Book, theContemporary Jewish Record, and occasional publications ofthe Committee. The research staff performs similar servicesfor cooperating organizations.

During the past year, the library, research, and publi-cations facilities and personnel have been consolidated intoa special department which has been named the Libraryof Jewish Information of the American Jewish Committee.In addition to classifying, cataloguing and indexing sourcematerial which the Committee receives from all parts ofthe world, it is the function of this Department to abstractand digest the useful information contained in this materialso as to make the data more readily available for practicaluse. The Library also answers inquiries from individuals


and organizations and prepares the periodical publicationsof the Committee as well as special bulletins, pamphletsand books which occasion may require. It is hoped thatby spreading a knowledge of the Library, the Committeewill play an increasingly important part in supplementingthe work of other educational agencies in removing preva-lent misunderstandings and misconceptions about the Jews.

During the past six years the Nazi anti-Jewish drivewhich, it is now more clear than ever before, was designedto divide and weaken other countries, not only greatlyretarded the forward march of enlightenment but alsodestroyed much of the progress made before 1933.

All over the world, thoughtful men and women agreethat the causes underlying these calamities can be removedonly by a righteous peace, based upon universal acceptanceof the right of all peoples to life, property and employ-ment, regardless of race, color, or creed, in every part ofthe world, for any other outcome of the present war isbound to sow the seeds of future human misery, confusionand strife.

Your Committee rejoices that already so many of theleaders of religious and ethical thought have voiced thedemand that the peace shall be one which shall reestablishthe reign of law and justice. We hail the action recentlytaken by the President of the United States to bring thethree great religions in America into cooperation with theVatican to formulate and effectuate the religio-ethical basesof peace. "Except the Lord build the house they labourin vain that build it."

Your Committee is highly gratified that our belovedleader Doctor Cyrus Adler, as President of the Jewish Theo-logical Seminary of America, was invited by Mr. Rooseveltto lead the Jews of America in this holy cooperativeendeavor.

Respectfully submitted,

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE


OFFICE REPORT

Necrology

The Committee suffered the loss of the following Cor-porate Members since the last Annual Meeting:

Edward M. Chase, Manchester, N. H., Nov. 17, 1939Simon M. Goldsmith, N. Y. C , Dec. 18, 1939Harold Hirsch, Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 25, 1939Louis B. Siegel, Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 7, 1939Isador Sobel, Erie, Pa., October 26, 1939

Minutes expressing the Committee's grief and sense ofloss at the passing of these members and distinguishedJewish communal leaders were adopted by the ExecutiveCommittee.

Executive Committee

On March 12 last, Leo M. Butzel, of Detroit, was electedto the Executive Committee, and agreed to serve.

Corporate Membership

All the persons elected to Corporate Membership at thelast annual meeting of the Committee, on January 29, 1939,and whose names appear on pages 45-47 of the Thirty-Second Annual Report, agreed to serve.

In accordance with the provisions of the by-laws, thefollowing Nominating Committee, empowered to namecandidates to succeed those members whose terms expiretoday, and fill existing vacancies, was appointed:

David M. Bressler, Chairman, New York CityEdmund H. Abrahams, Savannah, GeorgiaEdward Adaskin, Fall River, MassachusettsJoseph L. Fink, Buffalo, New YorkA. B. Freyer, Shreveport, LouisianaWilliam P. Haas, Hartford, ConnecticutHerman Levine, McKeesport, PennsylvaniaSidney Marks, Chattanooga, Tennessee


Aaron A. Melniker, Bayonne, New JerseyCharles W. Morris, Louisville, KentuckyCharles M. Rice, St. Louis, MissouriSigmond Sanger, Toledo, OhioNathan Sweedler, Brooklyn, New York

Following is a list of the nominees of the NominatingCommittee:

STATE CITY

CONNECTICUTDIST. OF COLUMBIA

FLORIDAIDAHOILLINOIS

MARYLANDMASSACHUSETTS

MICHIGANMISSOURINEVADANEW JERSEYNEW MEXICONEW YORK

NorwichWashington

PensacolaBoiseChicago

BaltimoreBrooklinePittsfieldSalemKalamazooSt. JosephRenoAsbury ParkAlbuquerqueAlbanyKingstonMount VernonNew York City

NOMINEES

Abner SchwartzMilton W. KingJoseph D. KaufmanJ. M. EdrehiLeo J. FalkBernard HorwichAlbert D. LaskerJacob H. HollanderHarry LeviGeorge A. NewmanBarton I. GoldbergJulius H. IsenbergHarry BlockSamuel PlattJonas TumenS. E. StarrelsRobert C. PoskanzerArthur B. EwigLeon MannG. M. BernknopfAbram I. ElkusWilliam FischmanNorman S. GoetzSamuel H. GoldensonHenry S. HendricksEdward LazanskyIrving LehmanArthur I. LeVineOscar A. LewisEdward NormanCarl H. PforzheimerJoseph M. ProskauerA. J. RongyJames N. RosenbergSamuel I. RosenmanWolfgang SchwabacherFred M. SteinI. M. Stettenheim


STATE

OKLAHOMAPENNSYLVANIA

RHODE ISLAND

TEXASVIRGINIA

CITY

PeekskillWhite PlainsOklahoma CityPittsburghUniontownProvidence

BeaumontNewport News

NOMINEES

Lewis L. StraussBernard R. LoewyP. Irving GrinbergS. K. BernsteinWilliam K. FrankBen F. BortzSaul AbramsArchibald SilvermanBenjamin BlumRobert D. Binder

Though opportunity was afforded to the sustaining mem-bers to make independent nominations no such nomina-tions were offered.

In the following communities, in which the Committeereceives its support from local federations and welfare funds,the nominations were made by the Boards of those organi-zations:

STATE CITY

ALABAMAARKANSASCALIFORNIA

CONNECTICUT

GEORGIAILLINOISINDIANAIOWA

MASSACHUSETTS

MINNESOTA

MISSOURINEBRASKA

NEW JERSEY

OHIO

MontgomeryLittle RockFresnoSacramentoHartfordWaterburyAtlantaRockfordSouth BendDes MoinesSioux CityNew BedfordSpringfieldDuluthMinneapolisKansas CityLincolnOmahaCamdenNewarkPatersonPerth AmboyCantonClevelandDayton

NOMINEES

Lucien LoebC. C. RubensteinLeon I. DiamondOliver GoldblattIsidore WisePhilip N. BernsteinLeonard HaasGeorge SeidlerWill WelberEugene MannheimerAdolph M. DavisC. S. LipsittHarry M. EhrlichA. B. PolinskyJoseph H. SchanfeldSig. HarzfeldNathan J. GoldHarry A. WolfBenjamin F. FriedmanMichael StavitskyMendon MorrillIsaac Alperr*Edward M. I'eimanE. S. HalleMilton C. Stern


STATE

PENNSYLVANIA

SOUTH DAKOTATEXAS

VIRGINIAWASHINGTONWISCONSIN

CITY

ErieHarrisburgJohnstownPhiladelphia

Sioux FallsDallasEl PasoRichmondTacomaMilwaukee

NOMINEES

Max C. CurrickPhilip D. BookstaberDavid GlosserJacob BillikopfJoseph L. KunB. L. LevinthalHoward A. LoebVictor RosewaterLouis R. HurwitzVictor H. HexterMaurice SchwartzEdward N. Calisch_Baruch I. TreigerNathan M. Stein

The national organizations which are affiliated with theCommittee designated the following delegates for the year1940:

American Jewish Historical Society, A. S. W. RosenbachBrith Sholom, Louis Levine, Louis I. GilgorConference Committee of National Jewish Women's Or-

ganizations, Mrs. Herbert S. GoldsteinFree Sons of Israel, Max OgustHadassah, Mrs. David de Sola PoolHebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of Amer-

ica, Harry Fischel, Abraham Herman, Jacob Massel,Samuel A. Telsey, S. Dingol, Albert Rosenblatt

Independent Order B'rith Abraham, Samuel Goldstein,Max L. Hollander, Max Silverstein, Max F. Wolff

Jewish Welfare Board, Joseph RosenzweigNational Conference of Jewish Social Welfare, Maurice J.

KarpfNational Council of Jewish Women, Mrs. MauriceX. Gold-

man, Mrs. Benjamin S. SpitzerOrder of the United Hebrew Brothers, Max E. GreenbergProgressive Order of the West, H. L. Brody


Rabbinical Assembly, Jewish Theological Seminary, MaxArzt

Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, Ben-jamin Koenigsberg, William Weiss

United Synagogue of America, Louis J. MossWomen's Branch, Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations,

Mrs. Joseph M. Asher, Mrs. Herbert S. Goldstein.Women's League, United Synagogue of America, Mrs.

David Kass, Miss Sarah Kussy, Mrs. Samuel SpiegelYoung People's League of the United Synagogue, Samuel

Ribner

The Executive Committee has agreed to nominate thefollowing persons for Membership-at-Large, to serve forone year:

George Backer, New YorkLouis Bamberger, NewarkJohn L. Bernstein, New YorkLeo M. Brown, MobileFred M. Butzel, DetroitLeo M. Butzel, DetroitSolomon Eisner, HartfordJacob Epstein, BaltimoreLeon Falk, Jr., PittsburghEli Frank, BaltimoreEdward S. Greenbaum, New YorkHiram J. Halle, New YorkHerbert J. Hannoch, NewarkWilliam L. Holzman, OmahaJ. J. Kaplan, BostonLouis E. Kirstein, BostonSamuel D. Leidesdorf, New YorkMonte M. Lemann, New OrleansChas. J. Liebman, New YorkSolomon Lowenstein, New YorkJulian W. Mack, New YorkLouis B. Mayer, Culver City, Cal.George Z. Medalie, New YorkHenry Morgenthau, Sr., New York


Reuben Oppenheimer, BaltimoreMilton J. Rosenau, Chapel Hill, No. CarolinaLessing J. Rosenwald, PhiladelphiaWilliam Rosenwald, Greenwich, Conn.Morris Rothenberg, New YorkHenry Sachs, Colorado SpringsWilliam B. Thalhimer, Richmond, Va.Frederick M. Warburg, New YorkMax Warburg, New YorkSidney J. Weinberg, New YorkMaurice Wertheim, New YorkJoseph Willen, New YorkHenry Wineman, Detroit

American Jewish Year Book

In September, 1939, the American Jewish Committeeand the Jewish Publication Society of America issuedVolume 41 of the American Jewish Year Book. This volume,like the previous volumes since 1909, was compiled andedited by the Committee and is the twenty-first to beedited by the Assistant Secretary. It contains the followingspecial articles: Benjamin Nathan Cardozo, by Edgar J.Nathan, Jr.; Israel Davidson, by Louis Finkelstein; IsaacHusik, by Julius H. Greenstone; William M. Lewis, byDavid J. Gaiter; A. Leo Weil, by Samuel H. Goldenson;Baruch Charney Vladeck, by John Herling; Samuel WilliamJacobs, by Herman Abramowitz; Rashi (Rabbi Solomon ofFrance), by Solomon Zeitlin; Twenty-Five Years of Ameri-can Aid to Jews Overseas — A Record of the J.D.C., byJoseph C. Hyman; The Jews of the United States — Pre-liminary Figures for 1937, by H. S. Linfield. The articleby Dr. Linfield contains revised figures of the Jewish popu-lation in the United States, by states. The revised totalsby cities, as well as the final report of the Census of JewishCongregations, which has been conducted during the pastthree years by Dr. Linfield in conjunction with the currentDecennial Census of Religious Bodies of the United StatesBureau of the Census, will be published in volume 42 ofthe American Jewish Year Book. This work is being doneunder the supervision and at the cost of the American


Jewish Committee. Volume 41 also contains a review ofthe year 5699, the usual directories, lists of statistics whichwere carefully revised and brought up to date, and theThirty-Second Annual Report of the Committee.

Contemporary Jewish Record

Since its first issue in September, 1938, the ContemporaryJewish Record has brought a regular bi-monthly service tothe community that continues to 'grow in importance.Reaching influential people in many communities in theUnited States and abroad, it has provided a comprehensivesurvey of, and background for, important world eventsaffecting Jews. The Contemporary Jewish Record also hasmade unnecessary the former practice of issuing specialbulletins on pertinent news events. Among the outstandingarticles of the year were "Problems of Anti-Semitism in theUnited States" by Norton Belth, of the Committee staff;an analysis and refutation of talmudic forgeries by RabbiBen Zion Bokser, which was reprinted and widely dis-tributed ; and a thorough study of Jews in the World War bythe Managing Editor, Abraham G. Duker, which was alsoreprinted. Another study of importance was Dr. YehezkelKaufman's "Occupational Structure of Jews." The circu-lation of the Contemporary Jewish Record also has showna steady growth, with renewals of subscriptions rangingbetween 65% and 70%, an unusually high average for anypublication.


LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES

Class A.—• Community Representatives(According to Plan Adopted on December 6, 1931)

STATES AND CITIES

ALABAMABIRMINGHAMMOBILEMONTGOMERY

ARIZONAPHOENIX

ARKANSASLITTLE ROCK

CALIFORNIAFRESNOLONG BEACHLos ANGELES

OAKLANDPASADENASACRAMENTOSAN DIEGOSAN FRANCISCO

STOCKTON

COLORADODENVERPUEBLO

CONNECTICUTANSONIABRIDGEPORTHARTFORD

MERIDENNEW BRITAINNEW HAVENNEW LONDONNORWALKNORWICHSTAMFORDWATERBURY

NO. OFREP'S

111

1

1

112

11112

1

11

112

11211111

REPRESENTATIVES

Leo K. Steiner, Sr.

Lucien Loeb

C. C. Rubenstein

Leon I. DiamondHarvey B. FranklinM. J. FinkensteinHarry A. HollzerLester W. RothB. L. Mosbacher

Oliver GoldblattJacob WeinbergerMax C. SlossJesse H. SteinhartFillmore C. Marks

Lewis I. MillerPerry E. Nussbaum

William P. HaasIsidore Wise

Morris D. SaxeWilliam BuxbaumEzekiel Spitz

Abner SchwartzAbraham WofseyPhilip N. Bernstein

TERMS

1942

1943

1943

194319411941194219411941

19431941194119421942

19411941

19421943

194119411941

194319411943


STATES AND CITIES

DELAWAREWILMINGTON

DIST. OF COLUMBIAWASHINGTON

FLORIDAJACKSONVILLEMIAMIPENSACOLATAMPA

GEORGIAATLANTAAUGUSTASAVANNAH

IDAHOBOISE

ILLINOISCHICAGO

EAST ST. LOUISOAK PARKPEORIAROCKFORDROCK ISLAND

(Tri-Cities*)WAUKEGAN

INDIANAEVANSVILLEFORT WAYNEGARYHAMMONDINDIANAPOLISSOUTH BENDTERRE HAUTE

NO. OFREP'S

1

1

1111

111

1

13

1111

11

1111111

REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

Aaron Finger

Milton W. KingJoseph D. Kaufman

Morton R. HirschbergD. J. ApteJ. M. EdrehiErnest Maas

Leonard Haas

Edmund H. Abrahams

Leo J. Falk

James H. BeckerJoseph L. BlockJames DavisMax EpsteinSamuel A. GoldsmithBernard HorwichSol KlineAlbert D. LaskerHerbert M. LautmannU. S. SchwartzFrank L. Sulzberger

Arthur LehmanGeorge Seidler

Abraham W. Gellman

A. A. BrentanoNathan L. SalonH. B. Rosenbloom

J. J. KiserWill WelberLouis Brown

1942

19431943

1941194119431941

1943

1942

1943

19421942194219411942194319421943194219411941

19411943

1942

194219421942

194319431941

•Includes Rock Island and Moline, III., and Davenport, Iowa.


STATES AND CITIES

IOWADAVENPORT

(see Rock Island, 111.)DES MOINESMASON CITYSIOUX CITY

KANSASKANSAS CITYTOPEKA

KENTUCKYLOUISVILLE

LOUISIANANEW ORLEANSSHREVEPORT

MAINEBANGORPORTLAND

MARYLANDBALTIMORE

MASSACHUSETTSBOSTON

BROCKTONBROOKLINECHELSEAFALL RIVERHAVERHILLHOLYOKELAWRENCELOWELL

LYNNMALDENNEW BEDFORDPEABODYPlTTSFIELDQUINCYREVERESALEMSOMERVILLESPRINGFIELDWINTHROPWORCESTER

NO. OFREP'S

111

11

2

11

11

2

2

1121111

1ii

11111111111

REPRESENTATIVES

Eugene MannheimerSam RaizesAdolph M. Davis

Joseph Cohen

Fred LevyCharles W. Morris

Edgar B. SternA. B. Freyer

Michael Pilot

Jacob H. HollanderSidney Lansburgh

James SolomontFelix Vorenberg

Harry LeviMaurice TobeyEdward AdaskinLouis HartmanBenjamin EvartsAlexander L. SiskindMaurice Barlofsky

C. S. LipsittElihu A. HershensonGeorge A. NewmanJoseph B. Grossman

Barton I. GoldbergHyman J. RouttenbergHarry M. Ehrlich

Joseph Talamo

TERMS

194319411943

1941

19421941

19421942

1941

19431941

19411942

1943194119421942194219421942

1943194219431942

194319421943

1941


STATES AND CITIES

MICHIGANDETROIT

FLINTGRAND RAPIDSHIGHLAND PARKKALAMAZOO

MINNESOTADULUTH

MINNEAPOLIS

ST. PAULMISSISSIPPI

VlCKSBURG

MISSOURIKANSAS CITY

ST. JOSEPHST. LOUIS

MONTANABUTTE

NEBRASKALINCOLNOMAHA

NEVADARENO

NEW HAMPSHIREMANCHESTER

NEW JERSEYASBURY PARKATLANTIC CITYBAYONNEBLOOMFIELDCAMDENEAST ORANGEELIZABETHHOBOKENIRVINGTON

NO. OFREP'S

3

1111

12

1

1

2

12

1

11

1

1

111111111

REPRESENTATIVES

Julian H. KrolikIsadore LevinAbraham Srere

Philip F. Waterman

Julius H. Isenberg

A. B. PolinskyArthur BrinJoseph H. SchanfeldMilton P. Firestone

Louis L. Switzer

Sig. HarzfeldGeorge OppenheimerHarry BlockCharles M. RiceErnest W. Stix

Nathan J. GoldHarry A. Wolf

Samuel Platt

Jonas TumenJoseph B. PerskieAaron A. Melniker

Benjamin F. FriedmanA. J. Dimond

Julius Lichtenstein

TERMS

194119421942

1941

1943

1943194119431942

1941

19431942194319411941

19431943

1943

194319411941

19431941

1941


STATES AND CITIES

NEW JERSEY (Cont.)JERSEY CITYLINDENLONG BRANCHNEW BRUNSWICKNEWARK

ORANGEPASSAICPATERSONPERTH AMBOYPLAINFIELDSOUTH ORANGETRENTONUNIONWEST NEW YORKWOODBINE

NEW MEXICOALBUQUERQUELAS VEGAS

NEW YORKALBANYBlNGHAMTONBUFFALO

ELMIRAFALLSBURGGLOVERSVILLEKINGSTONLYNBROOKMONTICELLOMOUNT VERNONNEWBURGHNEW ROCHELLENEW YORK CITY

NO. OFREP'S

11112

1121111111

11

112

111111111

48

REPRESENTATIVES

Harry Goldowsky

Abraham JelinMeyer C. EllensteinMichael A. Stavitsky

Mendon MorrillIsaac AlpernWilliam NewcornJulius H. CohnPhillip Forman

S. E. StarrelsLouis C. Ilfeld

Robert C. PoskanzerC. R. RosenthalJoseph L. FinkEugene WarnerHerman WileBenjamin F. Levy

Arthur B. Ewig-

Leon MannBertram A. StroockOscar HeymanCarl J. AustrianEdward L. BernaysG. M. BernknopfDavid M. BresslerDavid A. BrownEmanuel CellerMorris R. CohenAbram I. ElkusLouis FinkelsteinWilliam Fischman

TERMS

1942

194119411943

19431943194219421942

19431941

194319421941194219411941

1943

1943194119411942194119431941194219411941194319421943


STATES AND CITIES

NEW YORK (Cont.)

NO. OFREP'S REPRESENTATIVES

NIAGARA FALLS

Norman S. Goetz 1943Samuel H. Goldenson 1943Leo Gottlieb 1942Henry S. Hendricks 1943Maurice B. Hexter 1942David M. Heyman 1941Joseph C. Hyman 1941Stanley M. Isaacs 1942Henry Ittleson 1941Joseph J. Klein 1942Abraham Krasne 1942Arthur K. Kuhn 1941Arthur M. Lamport 1942Edward Lazansky 1943Herbert H. Lehman 1941Irving Lehman 1943Arthur I. LeVine 1943Samuel M. Levy 1942Oscar A. Lewis 1943Wm. Liebermann 1942James Marshall 1942Alexander Marx 1941Mitchell May 1942George W. Naumburg 1942Edward Norman 1943Algernon I. Nova 1942Carl H. Pforzheimer 1943Joseph M. Proskauer 1943Harold Riegelman 1942A. J. Rongy 1943James N. Rosenberg 1943Samuel I. Rosenman 1943Walter N. Rothschild 1941Samuel Salzman 1941Samuel Schulman 1942Wolfgang Schwabacher 1943Bernard Semel 1942Fred M. Stein 1943I. M. Stettenheim 1943Hugh Grant Straus 1941Roger W. Straus 1941Lewis L. Strauss 1943Alan M. Stroock 1942Sol M. Stroock 1941Nathan Sweedler 1942Ralph Wolf 1941Abba M. Fineberg 1941


STATES AND CITIES

NEW YORK (Cont.)

PEEKSKILLPOUGHKEEPSIEROCHESTER

SCHENECTADYSYRACUSETROYUTICAWHITE PLAINSYONKERS

NORTH CAROLINAGOLDSBORO

NORTH DAKOTAFARGO

OHIOAKRONCANTONCINCINNATI

CLEVELAND

CLEVELAND HEIGHTSCOLUMBUSDAYTONTOLEDOYOUNGSTOWN

OKLAHOMAOKLAHOMA CITYTULSA

OREGONPORTLAND

PENNSYLVANIAALLENTOWNALTOONABETHLEHEMBRADDOCKCHESTEREASTONE R I EHARRISBURG

NO. OFREP'S

112

111111

1

1

112

2

11111

11

1

11111111

REPRESENTATIVES

Bernard R. Loewy

Mortimer AdlerHenry M. SternLewis LurieDavid M. HolsteinJoseph GoodmanS. Joshua KohnP. Irving GrinbergIrving Schneider

Lionel Weil

D. M. Naftalin

Richard PolskyEdward M. FeimanSamuel AchDavid PhilipsonMurray SeasongoodEdward M. BakerE. S. HalleMax FreedmanFred Lazarus, Jr.Milton C. SternSigmond SangerHerman C. Ritter

S. K. Bernstein

Max S. Hirsch

Isaiah Scheeline

Malcolm GoldsmithNathan Speare

Max C. CurrickPhilip D. Bookstaber

TERMS

1943

19421941194219411941194119431941

1941

1942

194119431942194219411941194319421941194319411941

1943

1941

1942

19411941

19431943


STATES AND CITIES

PENNSYLVANIA (Cont.)

HAZELTONHOMESTEADJOHNSTOWNLANCASTERMCKEESPORTPHILADELPHIA

PITTSBURGH

POTTSVILLEREADINGSCRANTONUNIONTOWNWILKES-BARRE

RHODE ISLANDPROVIDENCE

WOONSOCKET

NO. OFREP'S

111

111

2

11111

2

1

REPRESENTATIVES

Nat Landau

David Glosser

Herman LevineCyrus Adler*Justin P. AllmanJacob BillikopfJoseph L. KunAl. Paul LeftonB. L. LevinthalHoward A. LoebVictor RosewaterHorace SternMorris WolfWilliam K. FrankEdgar J. Kaufmann

Sam R. LurioA. B. CohenBen F. BortzReuben H. Levy

Saul AbramsArchibald SilvermanArthur I. Darman

TERMS

1941

1943

1941194119421943194319411943194319431941194119431942

1941194119431942

194319431941

SOUTH CAROLINACHARLESTON Sidney Rittenberg 1941

SOUTH DAKOTASioux FALLS

TENNESSEECHATTANOOGAKNOXVILLEMEMPHISNASHVILLE

TEXASBEAUMONTDALLASEL PASO

Louis R. Hurwitz

Sidney MarksBen R. WinickLouis LevyNathan Cohn

Benjamin BlumVictor H. HexterMaurice Schwartz

1943

1941194119411941

194319431943

•Deceased.


STATES AND CITIES

TEXAS (Cont.)

FORT WORTHGALVESTONHOUSTONSAN ANTONIOWACO

UTAHSALT LAKE CITY

VERMONTBURLINGTONMONTPELIER

VIRGINIANEWPORT NEWSNORFOLKPORTSMOUTHRICHMOND

ROANOKE

WASHINGTONSEATTLESPOKANETACOMA

WEST VIRGINIACHARLESTONHUNTINGTONWHEELING

WISCONSINMADISONMILWAUKEE

SHEBOYGANSUPERIOR

NO. OFREP'S

11111

1

11

1111

1

111

111

I2

11

REPRESENTATIVES

Sol BrachmanIsaac H. KempnerMax H. NathanJake KarotkinLape I. Efron

Samuel LismanE. L. Segel

Robert D. Binder

Julian M. BlachmanEdward N. CalischWm. H. Schwarzschild

Leo T. KreielsheimerJoe RubensBaruch I. Treiger

David Gideon

S. B. ScheinJoseph L. BaronNathan M. SteinGeorge Holman

TERMS

19411941194219411941

19421942

1943

194119431941

194219411943

1942

1942194119431941

Class B.— Delegates from National JewishOrganizations*

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, A. S. W. RosenbachBRITH SHOLOM, Louis Levine, Louis I. Gilgor

*The terra of Delegates is one year, or until their successors are chosen.


CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH WOMEN'S ORGANIZA-TIONS, Mrs. Herbert S. Goldstein

FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, Max OgustHADASSAH, Mrs. David de Sola PoolHEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

Harry Fischel, Abraham Herman, Jacob Massel, Samuel A. Telsey,S. Dingol, Albert Rosenblatt

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, Samuel Goldstein, Max L.Hollander, Max Silverstein, Max F. Wolff

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, Joseph RosenzweigNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL WELFARE, Maurice J. KarpfNATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mrs. Maurice L. Goldman,

Mrs. Benjamin S. SpitzerORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E. GreenbergPROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, H. L. BrodyRABBINICAL ASSEMBLY, JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, Max ArztUNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Benjamin

Koenigsberg, William WeissUNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Louis J. MossWOMEN'S BRANCH, UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS,

Mrs. Joseph M. Asher, Mrs. Herbert S. Goldstein.WOMEN'S LEAGUE, UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Mrs. David Kass,

Miss Sarah Kussy, Mrs. Samuel SpiegelYOUNG PEOPLE'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE, Samuel Ribner

Class C.— Members-at-Large*

George Backer, New YorkLouis Bamberger, NewarkJohn L. Bernstein, New YorkLeo M. Brown, MobileFred M. Butzel, DetroitLeo M. Butzel, DetroitSolomon Eisner, HartfordJacob Epstein, BaltimoreLeon Falk, Jr., PittsburghEli Frank, BaltimoreEdward S. Greenbaum, New YorkHiram J. Halle, New YorkHerbert J. Hannoch, NewarkWilliam L. Holzman, OmahaJ. J. Kaplan, BostonLouis E. Kirstein, BostonSamuel D. Leidesdorf, New YorkMonte M. Lemann, New OrleansChas. J. Liebman, New Y"orkSolomon Lowenstein, New York

•The term of Members-at-Large is one year.


Julian W. Mack, New YorkLouis B. Mayer, Culver City, Cal.George Z. Medalie, New YorkHenry Morgenthau, Sr., New YorkReuben Oppenheimer, BaltimoreMilton J. Rosenau, Chapel Hill, No. CarolinaLessing J, Rosenwald, PhiladelphiaWilliam Rosenwald, Greenwich, Conn.Morris Rothenberg, New YorkHenry Sachs, Colorado SpringsWilliam B, Thalhimer, Richmond, Va.Frederick M. Warburg, New YorkMax Warburg, New YorkSidney J. Weinberg, New YorkMaurice Wertheim, New York"oseph Willen, New York

enry Wineman, DetroitJH°

Documents

The American Jewish Committee Annual Report 1940 …€¦ · Samuel A. Herzog, Bernard Kohn, Mrs. William de Young Kay, Jacob Landau, Mrs. Irving Lehman, Horace Manges, ... Dr. Cyrus