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The American Pageant
Chapter 19
Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861
Cover Slide
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Free State Battery, 1856The slave state of Missouri opposed the entry of antislavery advocates for years and, by the 1850s, actively tried to prevent their passage through Missouri on the way to Kansas. "Free-staters" traveled through Iowa instead, often bringing arms with them. This small cannon, left over from the Mexican War, helped create "Bleeding Kansas." (Kansas State Historical Society)
Free State Battery, 1856
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LincolnClean-shaven at the time of his famous debates with Douglas, Lincoln would soon grow a beard to give himself a more distinguished appearance. (Library of Congress)
Lincoln
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Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861When Lincoln became president in March of 1861, he faced more severe problems than any predecessor. Photographer Mathew Brady captured this image of the solemn president-elect on February 23, 1861, a few weeks after the formation of the Confederacy and shortly before Lincoln's inauguration. (Library of Congress)
Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861
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Map: Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding KansasKansas became a battleground between free-state and slave-state factions in the 1850s.
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Map: The Election of 1860
The Election of 1860The division of the existing states proved a deep sectional division in American politics. Lincoln won no electoral votes in the South, Breckenridge won none in the North. States such as California, Illinois, and Pennsylvania shifted to Republican Party support between 1856 and 1860.
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