Slide 2 Slide 3 The American Revolution Purpose: What: Rebellion
By: Understanding how the Continental Army was able to win the war
for independence from Great Britain. So: We understand how it
affects our life. Slide 4 A. In the Beginning. 1. Americans are
excited. 2. Americans are not ready for war. 3. British are ready
for war. 4. Americans should lose. Essential Question: How was the
Continental Army able to win the war for independence from Great
Britain. Slide 5 A.. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. B.. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. Slide 6 A.
American Weaknesses 1. Few Soldiers 2. Untrained Army and Militias
3. Limited money and resources/supplies 4. No Navy B. American
Strengths 1. Many Americans supported the revolutionary cause. 2.
Fighting on home ground: 3. Fighting for a cause in which they
believed 4. George Washington Slide 7 A.. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. B.. 1..
2.. 3.. 4.. Slide 8 A. Great Britains Strengths. 1. More Money and
resources than the colonies. 2. Well-trained army 3. largest navy
in the world. 4. More soldiers B. Great Britains Weaknesses. 1.
Included some mercenaries, or hired soldiers, not dedicated to the
British cause. 2. Britain had to ship supplies across the Atlantic.
3. Had to deal with hostile citizens Slide 9 What military
advantages did the British have over the colonists? Well trained
army, largest navy in the world What advantages did the colonists
have over the British? Many Americans strongly supported the
revolution, and they were fighting on home ground for a cause in
which they believed. Slide 10 The American Revolution Objectives:
1. How did different groups contribute to the war effort? Slide 11
A.. 1.. 2.. B. African Americans and the War. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5..
C.. 1.. 2.. D.. 1.. 2.. 3.. Slide 12 A. Britains War Strategy 1.
William Howe ordered to capture New York City 2. Washington leaves
Boston to stop British in New York. B. African Americans and the
War. 1. What did the Declaration mean for slaves. Free, equal? 2.
African Americans already were involved. Not allowed in Continental
Army. 3. Washington and Southerners did not want slaves running
away to join the army. 4. 1775 Lord Dunmore's Proclamation promised
freedom to any slave who fought for the British. 5. Continental
Army began allowing free African Americans to enlist, and
eventually some 5,000 joined Slide 13 C. Defeat in New York 1.
Americans suffer great lose in Battles of New York. 2. Howe thinks
he won and allows Washington to escape. D. Fading Hope. 1.
Washington is run out of New York, New Jersey and into PA. 2. Life
was miserable for Continental Army and all seemed lost. 3. Solders
enlistment were up and the army was going home. Slide 14 Important
Questions Why did the Continental Army decide to allow free African
Americans to enlist? - In response to Lord Dunmores Proclamation,
which offered freedom to any African American who fought for the
British. Slide 15 Slide 16 The American Revolution Objectives:
1.What were Washingtons strategies at Trenton and Princeton? Slide
17 A.. B. The Crisis. 1.. 2.. 3.. C. Victory at Trenton. 1.. 2..
3.. 4.. Slide 18 A. Victorious British offer pardon for surrender.
B. The Crisis. 1. Washington desperate to keep his army. 2. Has
Thomas Paines The Crisis read to army. 3. He also plans a daring
attack on Trenton to boost morale. C. Victory at Trenton. 1.
Washingtons army crossed the icy Delaware River on Christmas night
of 1776. 2. Arrive in Trenton the next morning to surprise the
drunk Hessians. 3. They capture Trenton and 800 Hessian
mercenaries. 4. Victory electrifies the Continental army who
re-enlist. Slide 19 Slide 20 Trenton Howe sent Hessians to New
Jersey On Christmas night in 1776, Washington and 2,400 soldiers
silently crossed the icy Delaware River. Washington led a surprise
attack the next morning. Patriots won the Battle of Trenton in less
than an hour. Princeton Washington marched northeast to Princeton,
New Jersey. The hard-fought Battle of Princeton ended in another
victory for the Patriots. Slide 21 The American Revolution
Objectives: 1.Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the
war? Slide 22 A.. 1.. 2.. 3.. B.. 1.. 2.. C.. 1.. 2.. D.. 1.. 2..
3.. E.. 1.. 2.. 3.. F.. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide
25 Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide 28 A. Early Strategy Changes. 1. First
strategy was to win one big battle. 2. Washington changes strategy.
Avoid big battles. 3. He would be defensive and wear the British
out. B. A New British Strategy. 1. British change their strategy.
Divide the colonies in half between New York and New England 2.
John Burgoynes plan for dividing New England. a. He was attack from
Canada b. Howe would attack from the south c. Another army from the
west. Slide 29 C. Problems with Burgoynes plan. 1. The map route
looked easy but was not. a. Thick wilderness and lot of extra
supplies slowed the army. 2. General Howe did not go to Albany. He
went to Philly D. Turning Point 1. Burgoyne makes it to Saratoga
but it is meets the Continental Army. 2. Burgoyne gets no help from
other armies and is forced to surrender. 3. Battle of Saratoga is
first major victory. We get: a. France and Spain enter the war on
our side. b. Boosts morale c. Ends threat to New England E. Winter
at Valley Forge. 1. Saratoga great victory but not the end. Cold
winter of suffering 2. Howe still in Philly and Washington roamed
the country. 3. No food for Washington because Continental Money
was worthless. British paid in gold. 4. Baron Fredrich Von Steuben
a Prussian officer trains the Army. 5. Marquis de Lafayette a
French noblemen helps with his service and money. Slide 30
Continental army spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge, Pa.
Hardships More than one fifth of the Continental Army died of
disease and malnutrition. Some soldiers became angry and frustrated
with the lack of supplies and pay. Veteran Prussian officer Baron
Friedrich von Steubon drilled the Continental soldiers and helped
turn them into well-trained group. Slide 31 British Strategy for
New England General John Burgoyne was to attack Fort Ticonderoga
and then march south. A second force was to march east from Lake
Ontario. General Howes troops were to march north from New York
City. All three forces were to meet at Albany, New York. Howe
defeated the Continental Army at the Battle of Brandywine Creek.
Saratoga Burgoynes troops reached Albany before other forces did As
a result, Patriot forces outnumbered Burgonyes and the Patriots won
the Battle of Saratoga. Victory raised colonial morale and
increased foreign support for the Revolution. Slide 32 1. What
effects did the America victory at Saratoga have? - Improved
colonial morale - Increased foreign support for Patriots - Ended
threat in New England - 1 st Major victory and turning point Slide
33 The American Revolution Objectives: 1.Describe how the war took
place in the southern colonies? Slide 34 A.. 1.. 2.. B. Saving the
South 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. C. A Trap at Yorktown 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. D.
Cornwallis Surrenders 1.. 2.. 3.. Slide 35 Slide 36 A. British
Change Strategy again. 1. Move the war to the south which is full
of Loyalists. 2. Attack Savannah, Georgia and move north. B. Saving
the South 1. Guerrillas are soldiers who are not part of the
regular army. 2. Guerrillas keep Cornwallis from gaining control of
the south. 3. Francis Marion (The Swamp Fox) leads his band of men
on hit-and-run attacks to harass the British. 4. Washington send
Nathanael Greene down south to slow the British. 5. Greenes army is
to small so he gets Cornwallis to chase him through the country
until Cornwallis tires and goes to Yorktown. C. A Trap at Yorktown
1. 5,000 French troops join Washington in New York and another
3,000 on the way. 2. Washington secretly moves his army south to
trap Cornwallis. 3. The French navy blocks the Chesapeake Bay so
Cornwallis can not be rescued. 4. Washington and the French siege
Yorktown and bombed it for days. D. Cornwallis Surrenders 1.
Cornwallis hoped the British navy would rescue him. 2. He finally
realized he would not be rescued. 3. On October 19, 1781 the
British surrender. Slide 37 British Strategy Focused on the
southern colonies after defeat in the Battle of Saratoga. Freed
slaves, who then assisted the British war effort. British Victories
Captured port cities of Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South
Carolina. Defeated Patriot forces led by Horatio Gates at Camden,
South Carolina. British victory at Camden destroyed the Patriots
southern army. Patriots Fight Back Patriots switch to guerrilla
warfare- swift hit and run attacks. Francis Marion, known as the
Swamp Fox and a master of guerrilla warfare, led a group of
soldiers that attacked British communications and supply lines.
Slide 38 How did the Patriots respond to the destruction of their
southern army? - They turned to guerrilla warfare. Slide 39 The
American Revolution Objectives: 1.Examine the events that finally
ended the war? Slide 40 A.. 1.. 2.. B.. 1.. 2.. C.. 1.. 2.. Slide
41 A. Aftermath of the War. 1. French war debt cause their own
revolution. 2. British hold on for two more years until support is
gone. B. The Treaty of Paris. 1. Britain recognized the United
States of America. 2. Britain gives up claims to all lands between
Atlantic and Mississippi River. 3. The U.S. agrees to return all
rights and property taken from Loyalists C. The Impact of the
American Revolution. 1. Europe is inspired to create their own
democracies. 2. Leads to revolution is South America. Slide 42
Difficult Times By 1781 the Patriots had run low on money to pay
soldiers and buy supplies. Entry of foreign allies had not ended
the war quickly, as the Patriots had hoped. Patriots lost morale
when Benedict Arnold, a gifted officer, turned traitor. British
controlled most of the south. Yorktown Lies on a peninsula in
Virginia. British general Charles Cornwallis moved to Yorktown to
attack a patriot force. In New York, General George Washington and
French general Comte de Rochambeau planned a strategy to trap
Cornwallis. The Battle French fleet took control of the Chesapeake
Bay, which prevented Cornwallis from receiving reinforcements by
sea. Combined American-French force, which was more than twice the
size of Cornwalliss forces, surrounded Cornwallis and put his
forces under siege. After several weeks, Battle of Yorktown ended
with Cornwalliss surrender. British defeated at Yorktown on October
20, 1781, marked the wars end. Slide 43 Peace negotiations, which
began in June 1781, lasted more than two years. Treaty of Paris of
1783 recognized the independence of the United States, set borders
for the new nation, and resolves some trade and settlement issues.
Slide 44 How did the French assist the Americans at Yorktown? -
They helped plan strategy, provided troops and fleet to help trap
Cornwalliss forces. Slide 45 The American Revolution Objectives:
1.How did foreign nations and individuals aid the Patriots? Slide
46 Slide 47 Slide 48 France and Spain Victory at Saratoga convinced
France that the American could win the war. In 1778 the Continental
Congress approve an alliance with France. Spain joined the war
against Britain in 1779. Bernardo de Galvez, governor of Spanish
Louisiana, was a key Patriot ally. Individuals Marquis de Lafayette
of France fought with the Patriots and gave them money. Officers
from Poland provided military training and skill. Slide 49 Slide 50
Slide 51 The American Revolution Objectives: 1.How did the Patriots
carry out the naval war? Slide 52 Slide 53 Continental Navy.
Created by Continental Congress in 1775 Because of the navys small
size, Patriot ships attacked individual British vessels instead of
fighting large battles. A successful Captain John Paul Jones,
originally from Scotland, captured many British supply ships. Won a
major victory against the British warship Serapis in 1779 Slide 54
How did Baron Fredrich Von Steubon aid the Continental Army -
drilled soldiers into a well-trained fighting unit What strategy
did commanders in the Continental Navy use against the British -
because navy was small, attached individual ships rather than
fighting large battles. Slide 55 Important Questions In what ways
did women serve the patriot cause? - Running farms and business -
Raising money for supplies - Sewing uniforms - Working as
messengers, nurses, or spies - Serving in battle Slide 56 The
American Revolution Objectives: 1.Explain the ways that geography
affected the Patriot strategy in the west? Slide 57 Slide 58 Slide
59 Biography George Rogers Clark was a Virginian who had explored
the frontier. Gathered soldiers from small towns, built an army,
and attacked forts and towns. Kaskaskia British trading village
located along the Mississippi River. Trading post enabled the
British to maintain relations with American Indians, control the
Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and supply British soldiers in
Detroit. Clarks troops took Kaskaskia in a surprise attack. More
Success Clark convinced some American Indians to remain neutral Won
the Battle of Vincennes in February 1779. Never captured Fort
Detroit but weakened the British war effort in the west. Slide 60
Why was Kaskaskia an important location in the war in the west? -
Trading posts location enabled the British to maintain relations
with American Indians, control the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and
supply troops in Detroit
