The Animal Cell

The Chloroplast

Chromoplast in Forsythia

Cell Walls

Water transport thru cells

Cellular Development: Mitosis

Early Cellular Development: The seed

The Generic Seedling

Tropical Rain Forest

• Moist, high temps• Consistent year round

growth• High diversity• Some adaptations:

– Most plants evergreen– Drip tips– Epiphytes– Waxy leaves

Southeastern mixed forest

• Nutrient poor and seasonally flooded soils

• Still warm temps, but lower humidity

• Both deciduous and evergreen

• Fire adapted

Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Too cold/dry in winter to support much photosynthesis

• Snow melt allows for rapid growth in spring

• Very similar to species found in Asia

Taiga

• Limited by temperature

• Acidic soils• Mostly evergreen

trees

Grasslands

• Temperature extremes, too dry and too much fire to support forest

• Few trees, mostly grasses and forbs

• C3 and C4 grasses: dominance determined by temp and water

• Very little original prairie left

Hot Desert

• Hot, dry• Mostly cacti, shrubs,

grasses• Slow growing

vegetation• Adaptations:

– Water stress– CAM photosynthesis– Protection against

herbivory

West Coast biomes

Communities: Groups of interacting organisms in a given place

Which organisms do plants interact with?

• Positive interactions:– Pollinators– Seed dispersers– Nitrogen fixing

bacteria and fungi– Animals that prey

upon herbivores

• Negative Interactions– Herbivores– Fungi – Pathogens

Lab: How are plants adapted to their particular environments?

• What adaptive trait do you see?

• How is this an adaptation to this plant’s environment?