The Antibacterial Effects of a Household Cleaner

Greg VojtekCentral Catholic PittsburghGrade 9

Is an all natural cleaner better than a chemical based cleaner?

Problem

Introduction•Types of Cleaner Used

Fantastik Heavy Duty Cleaner

Seventh Generation All Natural Cleaner

•Types of Bacteria Used

Escherichia Coli

Fantastik

Kills 99.9 percent of bacteria in 10 seconds. Bacteria killed: Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus pyogenes, and Listeria monocytogenes.

Kills viruses that cause the common cold and flu, including Influenza A

Seventh Generation

• Made with all natural ingredients

•Kills 99.8 of the bacteria on surfaces.

•Biodegradable formula

o Inhabit intestinal tract

o Many different types

o Many are not harmful

o Different types of infections

o Serves as a common prokaryotic cell model

E.coli

Scientists in North Carolina have tested cleaners to see the

effects on the floor of a grocery store.

Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory did an experiment

on the toxic levels of household cleaners.

In a recent study, that bleach is a leading cause of chemical

cleaner deaths.

Recent Studies

The purpose of this experiment is to test how well an all natural and a normal cleaner kill bacteria.

Purpose

o Null hypothesis: Seventh Generation and Fantastik cleaners will not significantly reduce E. coli survivorship.

Alternative hypothesis: Fantastik Cleaner and Seventh Generation Cleaner

will significantly reduce E. coli survivorship, and Fantastik cleaner will kill

more E coli.

Hypothesis

LB Media (0.5% yeast extract, 1% tryptone, 1% sodium chloride) E.coli DH5 Alpha Pipets Fantastik Heavy Duty Cleaner Seventh Generation Natural All Purpose Cleaner Filters Spreaders Ethanol Matches Test Tubes Vortex Bunsen burner Sterile Dilution Fluid (100mM KH2PO4, 100mM K2HPO4, 10mM

MgSO4, 1mM NaCl)

Materials

1. Escherichia coli B was grown overnight in sterile LB media.2. sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh media in a sterile

sidearm flask.3. The culture was incubated at 37°C until a density of 50 Klett

spectrophotometer units was reached. (Cell density approximately 108 cells/mL).

4. The culture was diluted in a sterile dilution fluid to a concentration of approximately 105 cells/mL.

5. The selected experimental variables were diluted with sterile dilution fluid to the chosen concentrations to a total of 9.9 mL.

6. 0.1 mL. of cell culture was then added to the test tubes, yielding a final volume of 10 mL. and a cell density of approximately 103 cells/mL.

7. The solution was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes.

8. After vortexing to evenly suspend cells, 0.1 mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on 64 LB agar plates.

9. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours.10. The resulting colonies were counted. Each colony is assumed to have

risen from one cell.

Procedure

Charts of Concentrations 0%

Cleaner0.10%

Cleaner1%

Cleaner10%

Cleaner

E. coli

0.1mL 0.1mL 0.1mL 0.1mLSDF

(SterileDilutionFluid)

9.9mL 9.89mL 9.8mL 8.9mL

Cleaner(Fantas

tik/Sevent

h Genera

tion)

0mL 0.01mL 0.1mL 1mL

Total 10mL 10mL 10mL 10mL

Fantastik AnovaAnova: Single Factor

SUMMARY

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Column 1 6 1786 297.6667 158.2667

Column 2 6 1511 251.8333 41.36667

Column 3 6 1313 218.8333 73.36667

Column 4 6 70 11.66667 11.86667

ANOVA

Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit

Between Groups 287697.7 3 95899.22 1346.584 3.11E-23 3.098391

Within Groups 1424.333 20 71.21667

Total 289122 23

Seventh Generation Anova

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Column 1 6 1788 298 130

Column 2 6 1173 195.5 422.7

Column 3 6 820 136.6667 157.0667

Column 4 6 545 90.83333 36.16667

ANOVA

Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit

Between Groups 143954.8 3 47984.94 257.3149 3.86E-16 3.098391

Within Groups 3729.667 20 186.4833

Total 147684.5 23

Fantastik and Seventh Generation Survivorship Graph

0.00% 0.10% 1.00% 10.00%0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Fantastik

Seventh Generation298

195.5

251.8

136.6

218.8

11.6

90.8

Dunnett’s Test Analysis

T Critical = 3.10 (significant)

Alpha = 0.05

Pulse Liquid Exposure

Variable Concentration

T value Interpretation

0.1% Fantastik Cleaner

9.40 Significant

1% Fantastik Cleaner

16.17 Significant

10% Fantastik Cleaner

58.70 Significant

Dunnett’s Test Analysis

T Critical = 3.10 (significant)

Alpha = 0.05

Pulse Liquid Exposure

Variable Concentration

T value Interpretation

0.1% Seventh Generation

13.00 Significant

1% Seventh Generation

20.47 Significant

10% Seventh Generation

26.28 Significant

ConclusionoThe null hypothesis that Fantastik and

Seventh Generation cleaners do not

affect E. coli survivorship was rejected

for all concentrations.

Different Cleaners

Test different bacteria

Test in different temperature

The cleaner could be infused into the agar

for a long exposure test.

Extensions

Only Could test two cleaners

Only had 4 different concentrations

The plating process could been done more

careful

Limitations

http://www.goodguide.com/products/171413-fantastik-all-purpose-cleaner-antibacterial-lemo http://www.scrubbingbubbles.com/Products/Pages/antibacterial-fantastik-all-purpose-cleaner-heavy-

duty.aspx http://www.seventhgeneration.com/Green-Cleaning http://www.soap.com/buy?freetext=Seventh%20Generation%20-%20&queryfrom=n&viewheader=n

&utm_source=Google&utm_medium=cpc_S&utm_content=HouseHold&utm_campaign=HH-Seventh%20Generation&src=soapsave15&utm_term=seventh%20generation%20cleaners

http://www.scrubbingbubbles.com/Products/Pages/default.aspx http://lakeland.edu/AboutUs/MSDS/PDFs/919/Fantastik%20Heavy%20Duty%20(SC%20Johnson).pdf http://www.wikipedia.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/allergy-and-asthma/articles/2008/07/25/health-

hazards-in-household-cleaners-exposed

Sources