The Antislavery MovementChapter 9:ii

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 258.]

Free and Enslaved Black Population

The abolitionist movement to end slavery grew in size and scope

during the early-1800s in spite of

intense opposition from southerners.

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 266.]

The abolitionist movement was firmly grounded in the religious faith of those who participated.

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 222.]

The debate over slavery increased existing tensions between the

North and the South.

[Image source: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/gifs/usa1.GIF]

The Mennonites staged the earliest known antislavery protests.

[Image source: http://www.johnvolk.cncoffice.com/images/Linda/Full7.jpg]

“There is a saying, that we should do to all men like as we will be

done ourselves; making no difference of what generation,

descent, or colour they are. And those who steal or rob men, and those who buy or purchase them,

are they not all alike?” - Resolutions of Germantown Mennonites, 1688

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 270.]

By 1807, every state north of Maryland had passed laws

gradually abolishing slavery.

[Image source: http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/freeimages.asp?ImageID=351]

Newspapers published by

people such as Benjamin

Lundy called for the gradual emancipation of

all slaves.[Image source:

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASlundy.jpg]

[Image source: http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/images/lundycover.jpg]

The African Colonization Society sought to colonize the coast of Africa with freed black slaves.

[Image source: http://www.vts.edu/logue/annrpage/liberia.jpg]

Fearful of slave revolt, some plantation owners supported the efforts of the

African Colonization Society.

[Image source: http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/cph/3a30000/3a39000/3a39200/3a39248r.jpg]

Daniel Webster was one of the key supporters of the idea and a member of the African

Colonization Society.

[Images ource: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/jb_0726_liberia_2_m.jpg]

The present-day country of

Liberia was established in 1822 as a sanctuary for freed American

slaves.[Image source:

http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/08/25/liberia.journalists/map.liberia.monrovia.jpg]

William Lloyd Garrison of Boston was

probably the most famous of the radical abolitionists.

[Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/biggarris.jpg]

Garrison began

publishing the abolitionist newspaper

The Liberator in 1831.

[Image source: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/graphics/liberat.jpg]

“I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation . . . . I am in earnest - I will not equivocate - I will not excuse - I will not retreat a single inch - AND I WILL BE HEARD.”

- William Lloyd Garrison,

in the first issue of The Liberator, 1831.

With support from both white

and black abolitionists,

Garrison founded the

American Anti-Slavery Society

in 1833.[Image source:

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/anticon.jpg]

The American

Anti-Slavery Society had some 1,000

local chapters with roughly

150,000 members by

1835.

Frederick Douglass was the nation’s

most influential African-

American abolitionist during the

Antebellum Period.

[Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/bi

gdoug.jpg]

His ability to articulate his

personal experiences with slavery

made Frederick Douglass a

much sought after speaker.

[Image source: http://www.nara.gov/nara/nn/nns/civil130.jpg]

Frederick Douglass

published an abolitionist paper called The North Star from

1847 to 1860.

“They who profess to favor freedom, and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.”

- Frederick Douglass

The diverse backgrounds of the abolitionists resulted in divisions within the antislavery movement:

1. Could women participate?2. Could white and black people

work together as abolitionists?3. What kind of tactics could be

employed?

Sarah and Angelina Grimkedevoted their

lives toending

slavery.

Ex-slaves such as Sojourner Truth were among the

most eloquent spokespersons

for the antislavery movement.[Image source: America - Pathways to

the Present, page 269.]

Harvard-educated Dr. Martin Delany, a co-founder of the North Star, was a frequent critic of

the participation of white abolitionists in the antislavery

movement. [Image source: http://www.wvhc.com/images/delany.jpg]

Abolitionist Arthur Tappan

disagreed with the

tactics used by William

Lloyd Garrison.

[Image source: http://www.whatsaiththescripture.com/Graphics.Voice/A.T.Pierson.sm.jpg]

Along with his brother

Lewis, Arthur Tappan

formed the short-lived

Liberty Party in 1840.

[Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.

uk/USAStappanL.jpg]

The Tappan brothers were joined in their

efforts by James Birney,

a former slave-owner.

[Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASbirney.jpg]

The Liberty Party siphoned-off just enough votes from the Whig Party in the election of

1844 to give the presidency to

James K. Polk.[Image source:

http://www.jameskpolk.com/POLK2.GIF]

Probably the most famous “conductor”

on the Underground Railroad was

Harriet Tubman.

[Image source: http://fargo.itp.tsoa.nyu.edu/~nance/soulsista/tubman.jpg]

Harriet Tubman is believed to have led more than 300 slaves to their freedom in the North.

At one point slave-owners

offered a bounty of

$40,000 for the apprehension

of Harriet Tubman.

[Image source: http://www.tourauburnny.com/Art/Tu

bmanLg.jpg]

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 273.]

Nat Turner’s rebellion in 1831 made southerners more

determined to defend slavery.

Presbyterian minister Elijah Parish Lovejoy was martyred when an angry

mob attacked his newspaper office in Alton, Illinois.

[Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA

Slovejoy.htm]

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 271.]

[Image source:

http://www.greatriverroad.com/Cities/Alton/altonImages/lilLovejoy084.jpg]

John Quincy Adams religiously

introduced legislation for

removing the gag rule prohibiting

the House of Representatives from discussing

antislavery petitions.

[Image source: http://www.si.edu/archives/thisday/j

anuary/johnqadams.jpg]

Free and Enslaved Black Population