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The “Marianas
Turkey Shoot” &
Battle of Saipan
June – Aug. 1944
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In June 1944, the Marianas Islands were the target.
** Specific goal was to take control of the islands of
Saipan, Tinian, and Guam in order to:
1. cut Japanese supply lines
2. get airfields which were close enough to Japan to use
the new B-29 Bomber to start bombing Japan. (B-29
had range of 3250 miles)
** Guam was the primary target since it had excellent
airfields & a great deepwater harbor. (Would also be
an American morale booster to retake it!)
Admiral Nimitz decided to **attack Saipan first since it
was 100 miles closer to Japan (for bombing).
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Battle of the
Philippine Sea
{“Great Marianas
Turkey Shoot”}
June 18-20, 1944
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Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa - - the
Japanese Naval Commander at the
Battle of the Philippine Sea.
Commanded the Japanese 1st
Mobile Fleet.
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Admiral Ozawa’s Japanese 1st Mobile Fleet left
Tawitawi to reach the Marianas Islands and the
Philippine Sea.
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The Battle of the Philippine Sea
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Battle_Philippine_sea_map-en.svg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Battle_Philippine_sea_map-en.svg
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Admiral Raymond Spruance - - Commander of U.S.
5th Fleet
Admiral Marc Mitscher - - Commander of the U.S.
Fast Carrier Group, Task Force 58
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fleet-5.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fleet-5.jpg
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Grumman F6F Hellcat
Type = Single-seat shipborne fighter - also fighter-bomber and night fighter
Armament
6 x 0.5 inch Browning machine-guns with 400 rounds per gun
***Under wing attachments for six rockets
Center section pylons for up to 2,000 lb of bombs
Performance
Maximum speed ***376 mph
Service ceiling 37,500 feet
Range 1,090 miles
Strengths = higher speed and rate-of-climb, rugged and well-armored but
also very maneuverable for such a large plane, heavily armed
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Admiral Marc Mitscher’s Task Force 58 had 450 F6F-3 Grumman Hellcats.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/F6F_wings_folded.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/F6F_wings_folded.jpg
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Mitsubishi A6M Zero
Type = Single-seat shipborne fighter and fighter-bomber
Armament
2 x 20 mm Type 99 cannon in outer wings
2 x 7.7 mm or 13.2 mm machine-guns above forward fuselage or in wings
wing racks for 2 x 66 lb (or in some aircraft 132 lb) bombs
Maximum speed
(A6M3) 336 mph (A6M5) 354 mph (A6M8c) 360 mph
Weaknesses = lack of armor and self-sealing fuel tanks, combined with the
general lightness of its construction, made it exceptionally vulnerable to
combat damage.
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F4F Wildcat {Escort Carrier Fighter}
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American Essex Class Fast Carriers
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Draft - 29 ft
Displacement - 27,100 tons standard, 33,000 tons full load
Guns - 12 5-inch guns, 72 40mm AA guns, 52 20-mm guns
in quadruple mounts
Aircraft- 100 (officially over 80)
Speed- 33 kts
Complement- 2,900
Essex Class Fast
Carrier – USS
Bunker Hill
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F6F-3 Hellcat Landing Aboard the USS Lexington, Task Force
58’s Flagship (Mitscher)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3f/USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_Philippine_Sea.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3f/USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_Philippine_Sea.jpg
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Admiral Marc Mitscher’s flagship, the USS Lexington, in its permanent berth
off a pier at Corpus Christi, Texas
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/USS_Lexington_1.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/USS_Lexington_1.jpg
20USS Yorktown / Essex Class Carrier
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Battle_Philippine_sea_map.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Battle_Philippine_sea_map.jpg
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The Battle for Saipan {June 15 – July 9, 1944
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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Iwo_jima_location_mapSagredo.png//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Iwo_jima_location_mapSagredo.png
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/skyseeker/6424157/http://www.flickr.com/photos/skyseeker/6424157/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/knexon/195179067/http://www.flickr.com/photos/knexon/195179067/
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The Battle for
Saipan
Marpi
Pt.
Tanapag
Harbor - -
Massive Banzai
Charge
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Lt. General Yoshitsugu Saito
Saipan’s Army Commander
25,469 troops
Admiral Chuichi Nagumo
Saipan’s Navy Commander
6100 sailors
31Tanapag Village, Saipan
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Tanapag
Harbor Naval
Base
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U.S. Submarines next to a tender - - waiting for
resupply (Tanapag Harbor, Saipan)
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Japanese Bunker 100’ From the Beach at Saipan
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Banzai Cliff – Coast of Saipan
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Banzai Cliff, Saipan
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Suicide Cliff, Saipan
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http://worldwar2database.com/cgi-bin/slideviewer.cgi?list=marianas.slides&dir=&config=&refresh=&direction=forward&scale=0&cycle=off&slide=8&design=default&total=12http://worldwar2database.com/cgi-bin/slideviewer.cgi?list=marianas.slides&dir=&config=&refresh=&direction=forward&scale=0&cycle=off&slide=8&design=default&total=12
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The Two Major Air Fields on Tinian
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B-29 Bombers Lined Up Beside the Runways at Tinian
http://wikitravel.org/upload/shared//5/58/Northfield-tinian-1945-2.jpghttp://wikitravel.org/upload/shared//5/58/Northfield-tinian-1945-2.jpg
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http://wikitravel.org/upload/shared//7/76/B-29s_of_the_462d_Bomb_Group_West_Field_Tinian_Mariana_Islands_1945.jpghttp://wikitravel.org/upload/shared//7/76/B-29s_of_the_462d_Bomb_Group_West_Field_Tinian_Mariana_Islands_1945.jpg
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Mog Mog Island
Recreation (Ulithi)
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The Battle for Guam {July 21-August 5, 1944}
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Apra Harbor Naval Station in Guam
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Andersen Air Force Base - Guam
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B-1 Bomber Taking Off from Andersen AFB in Guam (2003)