The Apache Point Observatory Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2)

Szabolcs Mészáros (meszi@gothard.hu)

ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory

Szombathely, Hungary

In collaboration with the APOGEE team

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (http://www.sdss.org)

S D S S

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

I. Legacy Survey

II. Legacy Survey

SEGUE-1

Supernova Survey

III. SEGUE-2

MARVELS

BOSS

APOGEE-1

IV. eBOSS

APOGEE-2

MaNGA

Introduction• One of four spectroscopic surveys conducted on the wide-field

Sloan Foundation 2.5m Telescope at APO (2011-2020)

• Continuing on 2014-2020 (+twin on du Pont telescope at LCOChile) as SDSS-IV/APOGEE-2

• 300-fiber, R=~22,500, cryogenic spectrograph in the H-band (1.5-1.7μm)

• H-band chosen because it contains useful lines from ~23 elements

• APOGEE is unique because it can observe OH, CO and CN

• APOGEE Stellar Parameters and Chemical Abundances Pipeline(ASPCAP)

• 0.05-0.2 dex internal precision in each one of these

• 500,000 stars by the end of 2020

The APOGEE SurveyTHE APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY GALACTIC EVOLUTION EXPERIMENT (APOGEE)

Majewski, S. R.; Schiavon, R. P.; Frinchaboy, P. M., et al. 2015, AJ, submitted, arXiv:1509.05420

Steven R. Majewski, Ricardo P. Schiavon, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Carlos Allende Prieto, Robert Barkhouser, DmitryBizyaev, Basil Blank, Sophia Brunner, Adam Burton, Ricardo Carrera, S. Drew Chojnowski, Katia Cunha, CourtneyEpstein, Greg Fitzgerald, Ana E. Garca Perez, Fred R. Hearty, Chuck Henderson, Jon A. Holtzman, Jennifer A. Johnson,Charles R. Lam, James E. Lawler, Paul Maseman, Szabolcs Meszaros, Matthew Nelson, Duy Coung Nguyen, David L.Nidever, Marc Pinsonneault, Matthew Shetrone, Stephen Smee, Verne V. Smith, Todd Stolberg, Michael F. Skrutskie,Eric Walker, John C. Wilson, Gail Zasowski, Friedrich Anders, Sarbani Basu, Stephane Beland, Michael R. Blanton, JoBovy, Joel R. Brownstein, Joleen Carlberg, William Chaplin, Cristina Chiappini, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Yvonne Elsworth,Diane Feuillet, Scott W. Fleming, Jessica Galbraith-Frew, Rafael A. Garca, D. Anbal Garca Hernandez, Bruce A.Gillespie, Leo Girardi, James E. Gunn, Sten Hasselquist, Michael R. Hayden, Saskia Hekker, Inese Ivans, KarenKinemuchi, Mark Klaene, Suvrath Mahadevan, Savita Mathur, Benot Mosser, Demitri Muna. Jeffrey A. Munn, RobertC. Nichol, Robert W. O'Connell, A.C. Robin, Helio Rocha-Pinto, Matthias Schultheis, Aldo M. Serenelli, Neville Shane,Victor Silva Aguirre, Jennifer S. Sobeck, Benjamin Thompson, Nicholas W. Troup, David H. Weinberg, Olga Zamora

The APOGEE Team

APOGEE technical papers1. Stellar Atmosphere Models: Meszaros, Sz., Allende Prieto, C., Edvardsson, B., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 120

2. Target Selection: Zasowski, G., Johnson, J. A., Frinchaboy, P. M., Majewski, S. R., Nidever, D. L., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 81

3. ASPCAP calibration for DR10: Meszaros, Sz., Holtzman, J., Garcia Perez, A. E., Allende Prieto, C., Schiavon, R. P., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 133

4. Tests of the APOGEE Line List: Smith, V. V., Cunha, K., Shetrone, M. D., Meszaros, Sz., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 16

5. Kepler Asteroseismology Collaboration: Pinsonneault, M. H., Elsworth, Y., Epstein, C., Hekker, S., Meszaros, Sz., et al. 2014, ApJS, 215, 19

6. Tests of Individual Element Abundances from ASPCAP: Cunha, K., Smith, V. V., Johnson, J. A., Bergemann, M., Meszaros, Sz., et al. 2015, ApJ, 798, 41

7. Stellar Spectral Libraries: Zamora, O., Garcia-Hernandez, D. A., Allende Prieto, C., et al. 2015, AJ, 149, 181

8. Overview of DR12 APOGEE data: Holtzman, J. .A., Shetrone, M., Allende Prieto, C., Y., et al. 2015, AJ, 150, 148

9. APOGEE Line List: Shetrone, M., Bizyaev, D. M., Lawler, J., Allende Prieto, C., et al. 2015, ApJS, 221, 24

10.Data Reduction Pipeline: Nidever, D. L., Holtzman, J. A., Allende Prieto, C. A., Beland, S., Bender, C., et al. 2015, AJ, 150, 173

11.ASPCAP: Garcia Perez, A. E., Allende Prieto, C., Holtzman, J. A., Shetrone, M., Meszaros, Sz., et al. 2016, AJ, 151, 144

12.APOGEE Overview: Majewski, S. R., Schiavon, R. P., Frinchaboy, P. M., et al. 2015, AJ, submitted, arXiv: 1509.05420

13.CoRoT Asteroseismology Collaboration: Anders et al. 2016, accepted in A&A, arXiv: 1604.07763

14.Spectrograph: Wilson et al. 2016, in preparation

15.DR13 data paper: Holtzmann et al. 2016, in preparation

ACCESS DR13 data here: http://www.sdss.org/dr13/irspec/

The APOGEE Survey

Example plate Example spectrum

Sequences of Example Spectra

Target Selection (DR13)

Data from DR12

APOGEE Data (http://www.sdss.org/dr13/irspec/)DR10 DR12 DR13

Obs. dates May 2011 – July 2012 May 2011 – July 2014 May 2011 – July 2014

No. of stars 60,000 163,000 163,000

No. of parameters 7 19 27

ASPCAP: Teff, logg, metallicity, vmicro

23 elements: C, CI, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, TiII, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, and Rb.

Two libraries: Kurucz/ATLAS9 Marcs

Teff 3500 – 8000 (250) 2500 – 5500 (100,250)

Logg 0 – 5 (0.5) -1 – 5 (0.5)

[M/H] -2.5 – +0.75 (0.25) -2.5 – +0.5 (0.5)

[C/M] -1 – +1 (0.25) -1 – +1 (0.5)

[A/M] -1 – +1 (0.25) -1 – +1 (0.5)

Ages of Red GiantsCorrelation between [C/N] and masses and ages using data from Kepler and APOGEE; see details in Martig et al. 2016

Multiple Populations in Globular ClustersMészáros, Martell, Shetrone et al. 2015 showed that clusters have very different formation histories indicated by differences in the Mg-Al anti-correlation.

M13

M3

Discovery of SG AGB stars in GCsFirst identification of SG

Al-rich AGB stars in 4 GCs

M 2 ([Fe/H] -1.65) : 2 stars

M 3 ([Fe/H] -1.50) : 3 stars

M 5 ([Fe/H] -1.29) : 5 stars

M 13 ([Fe/H] -1.53) : 4 stars

García Hernández & Mészáros et al. 2015

M 92 ([Fe/H] -2.23) : 3 stars

Mészáros & García Hernández et al. 2016, in preparation

12C/13C ratiosSemi-automated analysis of stars in N6791 and the Kepler field, Szigeti et al. 2016, in preparation

12C/13C ratios in the Kepler field