The application of the mAR on The application of the mAR on the Sustainable forest the Sustainable forest

management and forest management and forest certification roadmap in certification roadmap in

vietnamvietnam

Country reportCountry report: Vietnam: Vietnam

Main ContentMain Content

• Sustainable forest management in Vietnam, Sustainable forest management in Vietnam, the difficulties of the implementation of the difficulties of the implementation of sustainable forest management.sustainable forest management.

• Roadmap of sustainable forest Roadmap of sustainable forest management and forest certification to management and forest certification to 2020.2020.

Sustainable forest management in Sustainable forest management in Vietnam, difficulties of the Vietnam, difficulties of the

implementation of sustainable forest implementation of sustainable forest managementmanagement

1.1. Forest resource of Vietnam1.1. Forest resource of Vietnam::- In 1943, forest area 14,3 mil ha, In 1943, forest area 14,3 mil ha,

equivalent 43% in forest coverequivalent 43% in forest cover- In 1990, forest area in reduction to 9,18 In 1990, forest area in reduction to 9,18

mil ha, forest cover 27,2% ( the lowest in mil ha, forest cover 27,2% ( the lowest in Vietnam), in period 1980-1990, there were Vietnam), in period 1980-1990, there were around 100.000 ha of forest lost each around 100.000 ha of forest lost each year;year;

- Nowadays (in 2007): Total forest area: Nowadays (in 2007): Total forest area: 12,8 mil ha, in which; natural forest 10,4 12,8 mil ha, in which; natural forest 10,4 mil ha; plantation: 2,4 mil ha. mil ha; plantation: 2,4 mil ha.

- In total forest area, divided by function In total forest area, divided by function (12,8mil ha); there are 2,2 mil ha of (12,8mil ha); there are 2,2 mil ha of special use forest, 5,2 mil ha of protection special use forest, 5,2 mil ha of protection forest and production forest around 5,4 mil forest and production forest around 5,4 mil ha.ha.

( be continued)( be continued)- Bare land for forestry purpose is 3,6 mil Bare land for forestry purpose is 3,6 mil

ha, however it locates in steep areas, ha, however it locates in steep areas, remote areas and scatter in distributionremote areas and scatter in distribution

-- At present, by forest owner, forest have At present, by forest owner, forest have been owned by states government, been owned by states government, including state forest companies, national including state forest companies, national parks, conservation management board, parks, conservation management board, protected management board, private protected management board, private organizations, communities, joint-venture organizations, communities, joint-venture companies.companies.

- According to the Vietnamese forest law in According to the Vietnamese forest law in 2004, natural forest belong to government 2004, natural forest belong to government and allocate to state organizations to and allocate to state organizations to manage manage

- Plantation is owned by state forest Plantation is owned by state forest companies, private companies, Joint-companies, private companies, Joint-venture companies, households; however, venture companies, households; however, mostly owned by private sectors. mostly owned by private sectors.

1.2. Forest harvesting production1.2. Forest harvesting production- The production harvesting of natural forest The production harvesting of natural forest

annually is permitted by the Government within annually is permitted by the Government within 200.000 m3 per year (harvesting quota); and 200.000 m3 per year (harvesting quota); and carry out by state forest companies;carry out by state forest companies;

- The harvesting wood production of natural forest The harvesting wood production of natural forest has implemented stability from period 2005-2010 has implemented stability from period 2005-2010 is 200.000 m3 per year (most of natural forest is is 200.000 m3 per year (most of natural forest is low of stand volume).low of stand volume).

- The production of plantation harvested is around The production of plantation harvested is around 5 mil m3 per year in whole country to aim 5 mil m3 per year in whole country to aim provides raw material for pulp, artificial board and provides raw material for pulp, artificial board and local consumption. All most of production of local consumption. All most of production of plantation is provided by private sector ( private plantation is provided by private sector ( private companies, households…).companies, households…).

- Main species in plantation include Acacia Main species in plantation include Acacia ( rotation from 6-8 years, mean productivity: 15-( rotation from 6-8 years, mean productivity: 15-25 m3 per year), Pines (from 20-30 years, 25 m3 per year), Pines (from 20-30 years, productivity: 8-15 m3 per year); Eucalyptus (from productivity: 8-15 m3 per year); Eucalyptus (from 8-10 years, productivity: 10-15 m3 per year) and 8-10 years, productivity: 10-15 m3 per year) and other species. other species.

22. The status of implementation of sustainable . The status of implementation of sustainable forest management in Vietnamforest management in Vietnam

2.1. Legislative aspects2.1. Legislative aspects- In the Forest strategy development period - In the Forest strategy development period 2006-2020 to identified that the main 2006-2020 to identified that the main objectives are good management and objectives are good management and protection of currently forest areas, in 2020, protection of currently forest areas, in 2020, at least 30% of forest areas has certified. at least 30% of forest areas has certified. - All of forestry companies are limited in - All of forestry companies are limited in forest management level, therefore, forest management level, therefore, according to prime minister decision, from according to prime minister decision, from 2006 start establishing of forestry companies 2006 start establishing of forestry companies to implement of model of sustainable forest to implement of model of sustainable forest managementmanagement- Forestry Department have selected 9 - Forestry Department have selected 9 Forestry companies to support Forestry companies to support implementation of establishment of forest implementation of establishment of forest management plan, and introduced 7 Forestry management plan, and introduced 7 Forestry companies to international organizations to companies to international organizations to support (GTZ, SECO)support (GTZ, SECO)

22.2. Conditions of selecting of Forestry .2. Conditions of selecting of Forestry companies in pilot process of companies in pilot process of establishment of sustainable forest establishment of sustainable forest management model (base on the management model (base on the standard of FSC).standard of FSC).- Land and forest land used right (Red book - Land and forest land used right (Red book certify), The red book is certify that forestry certify), The red book is certify that forestry company have the right to manage company have the right to manage production forest stably, it mean that forest production forest stably, it mean that forest areas is defined clearly in the map and in areas is defined clearly in the map and in the field. In Vietnam, there are 50 % of the field. In Vietnam, there are 50 % of forestry companies have red book, the forestry companies have red book, the remains are on going to review and arrange remains are on going to review and arrange forest areas. forest areas. - Production of harvesting (annual available - Production of harvesting (annual available cut –AAC) is defined by ability of forest.cut –AAC) is defined by ability of forest.- Multi production (production of wood, - Multi production (production of wood, services, …)services, …)

- Effective in business in 5 years - Effective in business in 5 years recently. recently.

- Forest resource is inventoried and - Forest resource is inventoried and assessed and up-dated every yearassessed and up-dated every year

- Data of forest, include stand volume, - Data of forest, include stand volume, species composition, rare species, species composition, rare species, conservation areas, harvested areas,conservation areas, harvested areas,… are identified both in map and … are identified both in map and field and stored carefully.field and stored carefully.

- No violation of environment No violation of environment destructiondestruction

- No forest encroachment between No forest encroachment between company and native peoplecompany and native people

- No violation of forest destructionNo violation of forest destruction

2.3. Result of implementation of pilot forestry 2.3. Result of implementation of pilot forestry companies of sustainable forest management.companies of sustainable forest management.

Natural forestNatural forest

- - There are 3 states forestry companies completion of There are 3 states forestry companies completion of establishment of forest management plan and establishment of forest management plan and implementation of plan from 2009.implementation of plan from 2009.

- These Forestry companies have been collected data - These Forestry companies have been collected data and information needs for forest management plan. and information needs for forest management plan.

PlantationPlantation

-Joint –venture company Oji (Japan) had forest -Joint –venture company Oji (Japan) had forest certified of FSC with 9.900 ha in 2006.certified of FSC with 9.900 ha in 2006.

Difficulties for the implementation Difficulties for the implementation of SFM in Vietnamof SFM in Vietnam

At the National level At the National level

1.1. Have the National standard on SFM, but not jet Have the National standard on SFM, but not jet endorsed by Authorities; FSC standard, endorsed by Authorities; FSC standard, ASEAN’s standard are not enforcement, ASEAN’s standard are not enforcement,

2.2. Overlap of function between two Ministry; Overlap of function between two Ministry; Ministry of natural resource and environment Ministry of natural resource and environment (MONRE) is in charge of land management. (MONRE) is in charge of land management. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development (MARD) is in charge of forest management (MARD) is in charge of forest management (above ground). Conflict of data between 2 (above ground). Conflict of data between 2 ministries.ministries.

3.3. Forest and forest land are always changing, Forest and forest land are always changing, conversion of forest land to different land conversion of forest land to different land purpose (mining, infrastructure, hydro power purpose (mining, infrastructure, hydro power electric, rubber trees development…)electric, rubber trees development…)

4. No clear boundary of 3 kind of forest areas, due 4. No clear boundary of 3 kind of forest areas, due to economics development local authorities to economics development local authorities (provincial level) have been transferred forest (provincial level) have been transferred forest and forest land to outside forestry purpose and and forest land to outside forestry purpose and among 3 kind of forest without standard.among 3 kind of forest without standard.

5. No standard of forest classification that is 5. No standard of forest classification that is harmonized with international and regional (FAO harmonized with international and regional (FAO has funded small project to harmonization of has funded small project to harmonization of Vietnamese classification of forest to Vietnamese classification of forest to international-FIPI-FRA)international-FIPI-FRA)

6. Forest assessment is inventoried every 5 years, 6. Forest assessment is inventoried every 5 years, however, limitation of confident (areas, stand however, limitation of confident (areas, stand volume, species composition, rare species, volume, species composition, rare species, distribution of flora and fauna…) distribution of flora and fauna…)

7. Lack of modern facilities, human resources, 7. Lack of modern facilities, human resources, policies policies

At FMU levelAt FMU level1.1. Natural forest belong to government and allocate Natural forest belong to government and allocate

to state forestry companies to manage. But they to state forestry companies to manage. But they do not totally the right to decision, all their do not totally the right to decision, all their activities are depend on provincial authority activities are depend on provincial authority (harvesting timber, silviculture treatment, selling (harvesting timber, silviculture treatment, selling timber,…).timber,…).

2.2. Forest resource is not inventoried in PMU level Forest resource is not inventoried in PMU level and updated because of lack of budget. and updated because of lack of budget.

3.3. Lack of finance to invest to SFM (infrastructure Lack of finance to invest to SFM (infrastructure forestry road, machineries, modern technology…)forestry road, machineries, modern technology…)

4.4. Forest land forest always conflict or Forest land forest always conflict or encroachment between forestry companies and encroachment between forestry companies and local people and among forestry companies.local people and among forestry companies.

5.5. Forestry companies have not pressured to the Forestry companies have not pressured to the implementation on SFMimplementation on SFM

The roadmap of sustainable The roadmap of sustainable forest management and forest management and

Forest certification in Forest certification in VietnamVietnam

1. Development of Vietnamese 1. Development of Vietnamese standard for Sustainable forest standard for Sustainable forest managementmanagement..- National working group (NWG) on sustainable - National working group (NWG) on sustainable forest management and forest certification was forest management and forest certification was established in 1998; the main objectives of NWG established in 1998; the main objectives of NWG are transferred information, knowledge of are transferred information, knowledge of sustainable forest management , forest sustainable forest management , forest certification and enhance of awareness of SFM to certification and enhance of awareness of SFM to forest managers, forestry workers, other relate forest managers, forestry workers, other relate SFM agencies and to help forest owners to SFM agencies and to help forest owners to implement SFM.implement SFM.- In June 2006, NWG was upgraded to Sustainable - In June 2006, NWG was upgraded to Sustainable forest management and forest certification forest management and forest certification Institutes (SFMI) to aim enhancement of Institutes (SFMI) to aim enhancement of implementation of SMF in Vietnam implementation of SMF in Vietnam - Some menbers of SFMI have been recognised by - Some menbers of SFMI have been recognised by FSC internationalFSC international

- - Base on 10 Principles of FSC in SFM, SFMI Base on 10 Principles of FSC in SFM, SFMI was developed the National standard of was developed the National standard of SFM, include criteria and indicators system SFM, include criteria and indicators system ( Vietnamese C&I), the standard has been ( Vietnamese C&I), the standard has been submitted to FSC international for submitted to FSC international for approving sine 2008. approving sine 2008.

- The Vietnamese C&I has pilot applied in - The Vietnamese C&I has pilot applied in several forestry companies, but limitation several forestry companies, but limitation result. result.

- SFMI incorporation with DOF to establish roadmap - SFMI incorporation with DOF to establish roadmap of SFM and Forest certification to aim of SFM and Forest certification to aim implementation of Forest strategy of Vietnam, period implementation of Forest strategy of Vietnam, period 2006-2020.2006-2020.

2. 2. Roadmap of SFM and forest certification in VietnamRoadmap of SFM and forest certification in Vietnam2.1. Preparation process of SFM2.1. Preparation process of SFM- - Forest management level of forestry companies Forest management level of forestry companies and forest owners of Vietnam are very low to and forest owners of Vietnam are very low to compare with SFM or objective of forest compare with SFM or objective of forest certification.certification.- The roadmap has identified that in the first - The roadmap has identified that in the first period ( 2006-2010), forest owners and need period ( 2006-2010), forest owners and need preparation of good conditions to implement preparation of good conditions to implement SFM, as follows: SFM, as follows: + Review of 3 kinds of forest, special use forest, + Review of 3 kinds of forest, special use forest, protection forest, production forest. Definition of protection forest, production forest. Definition of each kind of forest including scale, areas, each kind of forest including scale, areas, distribution… both in the map and in the field.distribution… both in the map and in the field.+ Planning of macro and micro of forest land till + Planning of macro and micro of forest land till 20202020+ To apply of new technology in forest + To apply of new technology in forest managementmanagement+ To train forestry staffs in SFM+ To train forestry staffs in SFM

2.2. Road map2.2. Road map

- Period 2008-2010: to prepare good conditions - Period 2008-2010: to prepare good conditions for SFM implementation, establishment of for SFM implementation, establishment of forest certification owners network. forest certification owners network.

- Period: 2011-2015: Implementation of SFM - Period: 2011-2015: Implementation of SFM and Forest certification, expend forest and Forest certification, expend forest certification network, these firt natural forest certification network, these firt natural forest areas may receive forest certificationareas may receive forest certification

- Period 2016-2020: Expand forest certified - Period 2016-2020: Expand forest certified areasareas

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