The Arab Muslim Conquests Continued

HIST 10079/13/13

Arab-Muslim Conquests

Arab-Muslim Conquests – Key Events• 629 – Battle of Mu’tah• 30 July 634 – Battle of Ajnadayn• 18 Sept. 634 – Conquest of Damascus• 15-20 Aug. 636 – Battle of Yarmouk• 16-19 Nov. 636 – Battle of Qadisiyyah• April 637 – Conquest of Jerusalem• Sept. 641 – Conquest of Alexandria• 642 – Battle of Nahavand• 651 – Death of Yazdigird III

Arab-Muslim Conquests – Key figures

• Khalid b. al-Walid, Sayf Allah al-Masluli (the Drawn Sword of God) (592-642)– Conquest of Damascus– Battle of Yarmouk– Conquest of Jerusalem– Dismissed by his cousin `Umar

Khalid b. Walid Mosque and the Syrian Civil War

Arab-Muslim Conquests – Key Figures

• Sa`d b. Abi Waqqas (ca. 595-ca.674)– Battles of Qadisiyyah and Nahavand– Governor of Kufa– Candidate for Caliphate

Arab-Muslim Conquests – Key Figures

• `Amr b. al-`As (592-664)– Conquest of Egypt– Founder of Fustat– Governor of Egypt

Battle of Qadisiyya

Saddam Qadisiyya

Arab Muslims and Non-Muslims

• Conquering Arabs were a minority in empire• No tradition of empire• Reliance on conquered peoples• Islam, taxes, or the sword• Amsar: Garrison cities• Keep Arabs from allure of Byzantine/Sasanian cities

Examples of Byzantine coin and Arab-Byzantine coin

2 Empires – 2 Bureaucracies – 2 Coinages

Solidus – Maurice Tiberius (r. 582-602)

Drachm –Yazdgard II (r. 438-457)

Arab – Byzantine & Arab - Sassanian

Byzantine vs. Arab Byzantine

What’s the difference?

Map Quiz

1. Put everything away except a writing utensil.2. Put your name on the quiz.3. The next slide will list ten geographic

features, locate them on the blank map and label them with either the location’s name or number from the list.

4. Don’t forget to put your name on the quiz.

Map Quiz

1. Constantinople2. Merv3. Fustat4. Baghdad5. Mecca6. Red Sea7. Oxus River8. Great Salt Desert9. Yemen10. Sind