Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Art of Questioning: Look At Your Social Sciences Research Topic From Multiple Perspectives
WONG KAH [email protected]
What is this workshop all about?
English LanguageWritingCritical ThinkingFake News
What is this workshop all about?
Ask Questions
Search for Answers
Ask More Questions
Found Answers
What are the Learning Outcomes?
Start to use:
1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If
2. Keywords to question
3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal and Environment factors)
5W 1H
• What – definition, description, examples
• When – time of the issue, frequency
• Where – place, location, country, market
• Who – people affected, influencers, decision makers, people with resources
• Why – reasons, justifications, motivations
• How – method, process, technology, tools
Singapore’s Favorite FoodMemory Card Game (2min)
1. Open the cards.
2. Match the Question to the Answer.
3. Go to: http://bit.ly/2FDBhuU
Singapore’s favorite foodWhat is chicken rice? It is a dish of rice, chicken and it
is served with a bowl of chicken soup
Why do Singaporeans like chicken rice?
Chicken rice is delicious and cheap.
Who loves to eat chicken rice? Singaporeans
Where can I find the best chicken rice?
Tian Tian Hainanese Chicken Rice at Maxwell Food Centre
When do Singaporeans eat chicken rice?
Singaporeans eat chicken rice all the time!
How do you cook chicken rice? Remove fat from chicken to cook rice. Rub chicken with salt. Boil chicken.
Hypothetical ScenarioI have been reading about fake news
I want to submit a paper to the Select Committee to let them know how Singapore should fight fake news.
Refer to Worksheet
Activity (1min)Ask questions!
How Singapore should fight fake news
1. Ask questions about the statement above.2. Apply 5W 1H.3. Write questions in Worksheet.
How Singapore should fight fake news
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news?
How Singapore should fight fake news# Questions What you expect to
find
1 What is fake news?
2 Why is fake news spread?
3 How are other countries fighting fake news?
4 Where is fake news usually uploaded?
5 Who creates fake news?
6 Who spreads or shares fake news?
7 Why do people share fake news when they know it is fake?
8 How do people know news is fake?
9 When is fake news usually uploaded?
10 Why is fake news bad?
Activity (2min):Ask questions with a purpose!
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples
2 Why is fake news spread?
3 What is being done to fight news?
4 Why is fake news bad?
4. Write what you expect to find from each question
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples
2 Why is fake news spread? ReasonsCauses MotivationsIntentions
3 What is being done to fight news? SolutionsPreventive measures
4 Why is fake news bad? ImpactsOutcomesConsequences
5. What is fake news?6. Find your answer in the Internet.7. Copy and paste “What is fake news” into Google.8. Find the answer.9. Write answer and source in your worksheet.
Activity (5min)Find answers!
How Singapore should fight fake news
Question Answer Source Ask some more questions
1. What is fake news?
Verify answers
1. Click on [1] to trace the reference.
2. Click on the reference.
Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions
10. What is another way of asking
“What is fake news”?
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples
Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions
11. Copy and paste any of these questions in Google search box:
How do you define fake news?
How do you describe fake news?
How do you identify fake news?
12. Find the definition for fake news. Write your answer and the source in the worksheet.
13. Which of these questions gave you the answer to “What is fake news?”
How do you define fake news?
How do you describe fake news?
How do you identify fake news?
Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions
Question Answer Source Question
What is fake news?
…media cov-erage,….define fake news as referring to viral posts based on fictitious accountsmade to look like news reports. (Allcott and Gentzkow 2017, 213) defined fake news “to be news articlesthat are intentionallyand verifiably false, and could mislead readers”
Two main motivations underlie the production of fake news: financialand ideological.
Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions
Journal Digital JournalismVolume 6, 2018http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143?journalCode=rdij20
Could fake news be defined as the intentions or motivations for spreading?
What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?
Would I find the solutions if I know the reasons?
Question Answer Source Question
What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?
For financial gain. Clickbait direct readers to commercial sites to generate advertising revenue. Perpetuated by self-service advertisement technology such as Google Adsense.
Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions
Journal Digital JournalismVolume 6, 2018http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143?journalCode=rdij20
What are Google and Facebook doing to prevent this technology from being misused?
Reasons for spreading fake news:
What I found so far:
• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. The use of Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory.
• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Too many immigrants in UK.
Ask Some More Questions using PESTLE Analysis
Activity (3min):How do I enjoy a great date in Singapore?
• Match PESTLE factors to the statements.
• Go to this link:
http://bit.ly/2p9T2ep
Keywords in H5P
Technology factors
• There are many apps and online tools. What are useful online dating apps?
Political factors
• The Singapore government is always helpful. Which government agency will help me find other singles?
Economic factors
• Every thing costs so much in Singapore. What is the average cost of a night of dating in Singapore?
Keywords in H5P
Social factors
• What is the demographics of Singapore? What is the proportion of females to males?
Environmental factors
• The lady I like relocated to New York. We don’t even live in the same city. Does a long distance relationship work?
Legal factors
• There is a young, pretty girl I see at the bus stop. I hope she is not a minor. What is the legal age of a girl I can date?
What keywords identify the factors?Political Government, policies, master plans, etc
Government bodies, PUB, Nparks, LTA, etcPolitical lobbies, influences, etcPAP, Worker’s Party, Republicans, Democrats, etc
Economic Economic growth, economy, inflation, etcExxonMobil, fossil fuel industries, corporations, etcCost, expenditure, profit, loss, etc
Social Population, elderly, women, teens, etcMiddle-income, professionals, etcEducation, awareness, lifestyles, habits, etc
Technology Technology, devices, methods, processes
Legal Laws, legislation, agreement, regulation, mandatory, etc
Environment Land, air, water, space, etc
What I found so far:
Reasons for spreading fake news:
• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. The use of Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory.
• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Too many immigrants in UK.
Activity (5min):What are the PESTLE reasons?
14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.
• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. The use of Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory.
• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Too many immigrants in UK.
Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons?
PESTLE factor Reason Solution Question
Political Political
motivations
Partisan parties
Economic
Social
Technological
Legal
Environmental
15. Categorise PESTLE keywords in table.
Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons?
14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.
• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory
• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Parkland conspiracy theory
Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons?
PESTLE factor Reason Solution Question
Political Political motivations
Partisan parties
Is this happening in
Singapore?
Economic Financially economic intentionsAdvertising incomeGoogle Adsense
How much money
is Google making
out of Adsense?
Social The public
Social issue
Parkland conspiracy
theory
Why do people
continue to believe
in conspiracy
theories?
Technological
Legal
Environmental
Increase knowledge base
What are the Learning Outcomes?
Start to use:
1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If
2. Keywords to question
3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal and Environment factors)
